BASIC MODELS FOR

ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN

PRESENTED BY:
SWATI DHAWAN
NEHA KAUL
 ORGANIZATION DESIGN

 It may be defined as the total pattern of structural elements

and patterns used to manage overall organization.

 Tool for the implementation of organizational strategies

and the attainment of organizational goals.
MODELS OF ORGANIZATION DESIGN
 THE BUREAUCRATIC MODEL

 According to Max Weber, a German sociologist, a bureaucracy is

defined as an organization founded on a legitimate and formal system of
authority.

 The bureaucracy provided management with the “one best way” to

structure ant institution.
 FIVE CHARATERSTICS OF WEBERIAN
APPROACH
I. Each organization should create an absolute and clear division of labor and staff each
job with an expert in that particular task.

II. Each organization should create a hierarchy of position so that the scalar chain of
command runs from top to bottom in the organization.

III. Each organization should create a concise and consistent set of rules and procedure to
ensure that task performance is always the same.

IV. Each organization should establish specific personnel policies and practices to ensure
that employment and promotion in the organization is based on expertise and
performance.

V. All managers should conduct business in an impersonal manner, maintaining an

appropriate social distance from their subordinates.
 STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF
BUREAUCRACY
 Strengths
I. The bureaucratic approach was the first model of organization design
developed, and it still serve as basic foundation design approaches.
II. Operational efficiency can be improved by the selective application of
bureaucratic principles.

 Weaknesses
I. Failing to allow adequate individual growth and development.
II. Fostering group thinking and other forms of stubborn conformity.
III. Failing to consider the informal organization and the associated people
problems.
IV. Allowing control system to become absolute.
V. Lacking a judicial process.
VI. Stiff communication and creative thinking.
VII. Failing to utilize full capacity of organizational human resource.
VIII. Failing to assimilate new technology.
 Behavioral Model

 Universal approach that recognized the weakness and limitations of

the rational and mechanistic characteristics of bureaucratic model.
 Types of Behavioral Model

 Socio- Technical Model Systems Theory.

 Likert’s System 4 Organization .
 Socio- Technical Model Systems Theory

 Given by Eric Trist and K.W. Bamforth.

 Based on the need to balance an organization’s human side with
technical and mechanical side.

Within the organization there are two systems-

1.A social system that provides the framework for all human interactions
that sustain both formal and informal organizations. It is concerned
with ideas, interests, creativity, motivation of individuals and groups.

2. A technical system that provides the framework for the tasks that
produce the organization’s goods and services. e.g. the production of
paper include the equipments and operations such as washing,
bleaching and cooking the wood.
 Likert’s System 4 Organization

 Rensis Likert discovered critical relationships between organization

design and effectiveness. His research dealt with eight characteristics of
organizations-
 The leadership process
 The motivation process
 The communication process
 The interaction process
 The decision process
 The goal setting process
 The control process
 Performance goals
 Likert concluded that the managers should adopt what he called as
system 4 approach to the organization design.

 System 4 was a behavioral approach that emphasized on supporting

relationships, practiced group decision making, and established high
performance goals.
Strength
 Emphasis on behavioral process of organization.
Weakness
This approach was founded on the premise that there is only “one best
way” to design organizations, while it seems to be abundantly clear that
there is no best way.
Thank You