PROMOSI KESEHATAN

PROMOSI KESEHATAN
ENDANG BASUKI
ENDANG BASUKI
DEPARTEMEN DEPARTEMEN
ILMU KEDOKTERAN KOMUNITAS ILMU KEDOKTERAN KOMUNITAS
FKUI FKUI

Health is a state of
Health is a state of
complete physical,
complete physical,
mental and social well-
mental and social well-
being and not merely
being and not merely
the absence of disease
the absence of disease
or infrmity
or infrmity

(WHO, 1947)
(WHO, 1947)

Pengertian Kesehatan Manusia
Pengertian Kesehatan Manusia

(U-U RI, No.23 tahun 1992 tentang kesehatan) (U-U RI, No.23 tahun 1992 tentang kesehatan)


Kesehatan adalah sejahtera dar
Kesehatan adalah sejahtera dar
!adan, j"a dan s#sal $an%
!adan, j"a dan s#sal $an%
&e&'n%(n(an seta) #ran% hd')
&e&'n%(n(an seta) #ran% hd')
)r#d'(t* se+ara s#sal dan e(#n#&s
)r#d'(t* se+ara s#sal dan e(#n#&s

,
,
* there sn-t en#'%h &#ne$ t# )a$ *#r
* there sn-t en#'%h &#ne$ t# )a$ *#r
the rent #r *##d #r +l#thes, then $#' +an-t
the rent #r *##d #r +l#thes, then $#' +an-t
!e%n t# thn( #* #ther thn%s. /#' ha0e t#
!e%n t# thn( #* #ther thn%s. /#' ha0e t#
ha0e these thn%s, l(e a r##* #0er $#'r
ha0e these thn%s, l(e a r##* #0er $#'r
head, a j#!, *#r sel*1res)e+t, a +#at #n
head, a j#!, *#r sel*1res)e+t, a +#at #n
$#'r !a+( and *##d n the st#&a+h.
$#'r !a+( and *##d n the st#&a+h.
I-0e %##d 2%##d health-. I-0e n#t !een n
I-0e %##d 2%##d health-. I-0e n#t !een n
h#s)tal, I d#n-t ta(e ta!lets, !'t that-s
h#s)tal, I d#n-t ta(e ta!lets, !'t that-s
n#t health t# &e. I-& s+( !e+a'se I ha0e
n#t health t# &e. I-& s+( !e+a'se I ha0e
tr#'!le )a$n% &$ !lls, I ha0e tr#'!le
tr#'!le )a$n% &$ !lls, I ha0e tr#'!le
*eedn% (ds at t&es, s# !#dl$ I-& all
*eedn% (ds at t&es, s# !#dl$ I-& all
r%ht, !'t here (nd+ates head) I-&
r%ht, !'t here (nd+ates head) I-&
terr!le, 2+#s I "#rr$ and that-s n#t health
terr!le, 2+#s I "#rr$ and that-s n#t health
s t3
s t3


D'rrant (1994, )95)
D'rrant (1994, )95)


6U7UAN SESI
6U7UAN SESI

8e&aha& )eranan )erla(' se!a% *a(t#r

8e&aha& )eranan )erla(' se!a% *a(t#r
$an% )entn% dala& &enent'(an stat's
$an% )entn% dala& &enent'(an stat's
(esehatan sese#ran% ata' s'at' (#&'ntas
(esehatan sese#ran% ata' s'at' (#&'ntas

9e&aha&an $an% len%(a) tentan% )r#&#s

9e&aha&an $an% len%(a) tentan% )r#&#s
(esehatan se!a%a +a!an% l&'
(esehatan se!a%a +a!an% l&'
)en%etah'an $an% har's d)elajar, ter(at
)en%etah'an $an% har's d)elajar, ter(at
den%an )er'!ahan )erla('
den%an )er'!ahan )erla('

8e&aha& te#r )erla(' nd0d' se)ert

8e&aha& te#r )erla(' nd0d' se)ert
&saln$a
&saln$a
Health Belief Model, Theory of
Health Belief Model, Theory of
Planned Behavior
Planned Behavior
.
.

8e&aha& (#nse) )en+e%ahan )r&er

8e&aha& (#nse) )en+e%ahan )r&er



Periods of Pre-pathogenesis Periods of Pathogenesis

Pre-pathogenesis Pathogenesis
HEALTH PROMOTION
SPECIFIC PROTECTION
EARLY DIANOSIS AND
PROMPT TREATMENT
DISA!ILITY LIMITATION
REHA!ILITATION
Pri"ar# Pre$ention Se%ondar# Pre$ention
Tertiar#
Pre$ention


PROGRAM INTERVENSI
PROGRAM INTERVENSI

MASALAH KESEHATAN MASALAH KESEHATAN

- PERSEORANGAN - PERSEORANGAN
- KOMUNITAS - KOMUNITAS

PEMECAHAN MASALAH PEMECAHAN MASALAH

TIDAK ADA MASALAH KESEHATAN TIDAK ADA MASALAH KESEHATAN

9:O8OSI KESEHA6AN
9:O8OSI KESEHA6AN

S'at' nter0ens $an% !er'saha 'nt'(

S'at' nter0ens $an% !er'saha 'nt'(
&en%hlan%(an ata' &en%'ran% )ajanan
&en%hlan%(an ata' &en%'ran% )ajanan
terhada) *a(t#r $an% !er!aha$a, den%an
terhada) *a(t#r $an% !er!aha$a, den%an
&e&#d;(as )erla(' &an'sa< ata'
&e&#d;(as )erla(' &an'sa< ata'
(#&!nas antara )endd(an (esehatan
(#&!nas antara )endd(an (esehatan
den%an nter0ens #r%ansas#nal, )#lt( dan
den%an nter0ens #r%ansas#nal, )#lt( dan
e(#n#& $an% d(e&!an%(an 'nt'(
e(#n#& $an% d(e&!an%(an 'nt'(
&e&*asltas )en$es'aan )erla(' dan
&e&*asltas )en$es'aan )erla(' dan
ln%('n%an a%ar da)at &enn%(at(an
ln%('n%an a%ar da)at &enn%(at(an
(esehatan
(esehatan

6er'ta&a !erh'!'n%an den%an )erla(' s#sal

6er'ta&a !erh'!'n%an den%an )erla(' s#sal


6A:GE6 9:O8OSI
6A:GE6 9:O8OSI
KESEHA6AN
KESEHA6AN

INDI=IDU /ANG 8E:U9AKAN SUA6U

INDI=IDU /ANG 8E:U9AKAN SUA6U
9O9U>ASI /ANG BE:ISIKO DA:I 8ASA>AH
9O9U>ASI /ANG BE:ISIKO DA:I 8ASA>AH
KESEHA6AN
KESEHA6AN

8E:EKA /ANG 8E89UN/AI 9ENGA:UH

8E:EKA /ANG 8E89UN/AI 9ENGA:UH
6E:HADA9 INDI=IDU 6E:SEBU6
6E:HADA9 INDI=IDU 6E:SEBU6

8E:EKA 9E8BUA6 KEBI7AKAN

8E:EKA 9E8BUA6 KEBI7AKAN

8ENINGKA6KAN 9E>A/ANAN KESEHA6AN 8ENINGKA6KAN 9E>A/ANAN KESEHA6AN

9E:BAIKAN >INGKUNGAN 9E:BAIKAN >INGKUNGAN

8ENDO:ONG 9E:UBAHAN 9E:I>AKU SEHA6 8ENDO:ONG 9E:UBAHAN 9E:I>AKU SEHA6

A 8ODE> O? HEA>6H
A 8ODE> O? HEA>6H
9:O8O6ION
9:O8O6ION
&
'
(
)
*
+
,
HEALTH ED-CATION
PRE.ENTION
HEALTH PROTECTION

9:O8OSI KESEHA6AN
9:O8OSI KESEHA6AN

1 1 1 &'nsas, s(rnn% (an(er ser0(s, )ene&'an 1 &'nsas, s(rnn% (an(er ser0(s, )ene&'an
(as's h)ertens (as's h)ertens

@ @ 1)endd(an (esehatan 'nt'( &e&)en%ar'h 1)endd(an (esehatan 'nt'( &e&)en%ar'h

%a$a hd'), dan 'saha 'nt'( &end#r#n% &as$ara(at %a$a hd'), dan 'saha 'nt'( &end#r#n% &as$ara(at
'nt'( &e&an*aat(an )ela$anan (esehatan 'nt'( &e&an*aat(an )ela$anan (esehatan

4 AB'#rdas ar &n'& &as$ara(at 4 AB'#rdas ar &n'& &as$ara(at

4 A sa!'( )en%a&an 4 A sa!'( )en%a&an

C A )endd(an (esehatan ()erla(') C A )endd(an (esehatan ()erla(')

D A r'an% 'nt'( &er#(#( d te&)at (erja D A r'an% 'nt'( &er#(#( d te&)at (erja

7 A &enn%(at(an (esadaran dan &e&ast(an 7 A &enn%(at(an (esadaran dan &e&ast(an

d'('n%an terhada) +ara1+ara )en+e%ahan )en$a(t d'('n%an terhada) +ara1+ara )en+e%ahan )en$a(t
!a% &as$ara(at dan )enent' (e!ja(an !a% &as$ara(at dan )enent' (e!ja(an

Health Promotion
Health Promotion
=
=
Health Eu!ation
Health Eu!ation
"
"
Health# Pu$li! Poli!# "
Health# Pu$li! Poli!# "
S%e!i&! Pre'ention
S%e!i&! Pre'ention

HEA>6H EDUEA6ION
HEA>6H EDUEA6ION

9ENDIDIKAN KESEHA6AN
9ENDIDIKAN KESEHA6AN

9r#ses )endd(an $an% &el)'t

9r#ses )endd(an $an% &el)'t
)en$edaan (#&!nas !e!era)a
)en$edaan (#&!nas !e!era)a
)ende(atan 'nt'( &en%'!ah %a$a
)ende(atan 'nt'( &en%'!ah %a$a
hd') $an% da)at &e&and' nd0d',
hd') $an% da)at &e&and' nd0d',
(el'ar%a, dan &as$ara(at dala&
(el'ar%a, dan &as$ara(at dala&
&e&!'at (e)'t'san ter(at den%an
&e&!'at (e)'t'san ter(at den%an
(esehatan setelah &enda)at(an
(esehatan setelah &enda)at(an
n*#r&as
n*#r&as

HEALTH EDUCATION
HEALTH EDUCATION
vs.
vs.
HEALTH INFORMATION
HEALTH INFORMATION

I
I
IN?O:8ASI KESEHA6AN
IN?O:8ASI KESEHA6AN
(HEA>6H IN?O:8A6ION)
(HEA>6H IN?O:8A6ION)

Is dar )esan !erdasar(an data $an%

Is dar )esan !erdasar(an data $an%
d)er#leh dar &et#de $an% sste&ats dan
d)er#leh dar &et#de $an% sste&ats dan
l&ah serta !erh'!'n%an den%an s'
l&ah serta !erh'!'n%an den%an s'
(esehatan, (e!ja(an, )r#%ra&, )ela$anan,
(esehatan, (e!ja(an, )r#%ra&, )ela$anan,
serta as)e( lan dar nd0d' dan (esehatan
serta as)e( lan dar nd0d' dan (esehatan
&as$ara(at, $an% da)at d%'na(an 'nt'(
&as$ara(at, $an% da)at d%'na(an 'nt'(
&e&!er(an n*#r&as !a% !er!a%a )#)'las
&e&!er(an n*#r&as !a% !er!a%a )#)'las
serta 'nt'( )eren+anaan )endd(an
serta 'nt'( )eren+anaan )endd(an
(esehatan (7#nt E#&&ttee #n Health
(esehatan (7#nt E#&&ttee #n Health
Ed'+at#n 6er&n#l#%$, 199F)
Ed'+at#n 6er&n#l#%$, 199F)

Age/ Se0/ Ethni%it#
Persona1it#
So%ioe%ono"i%s
2no31edge
Per%ei$ed !enefits
.s !arriers to
!eha$iora1 Change
Per%ei$ed
S4s%epti5i1it#6
Serio4sness of
Disease
Per%ei$ed Threat
of Disease
Li7e1ihood of
!eha$iora1 Change
C4es to A%tion
Ed4%ation
S#"pto"s
Media
Infor"ation
THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL
Individual Perceptions Modifying Factors Likeliood of Action


4 ?OEI O? 9:E=EN6ION
4 ?OEI O? 9:E=EN6ION

9:E=EN6ION O? 6HE ONSE6 O? A DISEASE

9:E=EN6ION O? 6HE ONSE6 O? A DISEASE
9:OEESS 6H:OUGH :ISK :EDUE6ION
9:OEESS 6H:OUGH :ISK :EDUE6ION

9:E=EN6ION O? 6HE 9:OG:ESSION O? A

9:E=EN6ION O? 6HE 9:OG:ESSION O? A
DISEASE, 6H:OUGH EA:>/ DE6EE6ION
DISEASE, 6H:OUGH EA:>/ DE6EE6ION

9:E=EN6ION O? A=OIDAB>E EO89>IEA6ION

9:E=EN6ION O? A=OIDAB>E EO89>IEA6ION
O? AN I::E=E:SIB>E DISEASE
O? AN I::E=E:SIB>E DISEASE

9:E=EN6ION O? :EEU::ENEE O? AN
9:E=EN6ION O? :EEU::ENEE O? AN
I>>NESS
I>>NESS




HEA>6H 9:O6EE6ION
HEA>6H 9:O6EE6ION

HEA>6H 9:O6EE6ION EO89:ISES

HEA>6H 9:O6EE6ION EO89:ISES
>EGA> O: ?ISEA> EON6:O>, O6HE:
>EGA> O: ?ISEA> EON6:O>, O6HE:
:EGU>A6IONS AND 9O>IEIES, AND
:EGU>A6IONS AND 9O>IEIES, AND
=O>UN6A:/ EODES O? 9:AE6IEE,
=O>UN6A:/ EODES O? 9:AE6IEE,
AI8ED A6 6HE ENEHANEE8EN6 O?
AI8ED A6 6HE ENEHANEE8EN6 O?
9OSI6I=E HEA>6H AND 6HE
9OSI6I=E HEA>6H AND 6HE
9:E=EN6ION O? I>>1HEA>6H
9:E=EN6ION O? I>>1HEA>6H

>EGA> EON6:O>
>EGA> EON6:O>

6he "earn% #* seat1!elts n the +ar

6he "earn% #* seat1!elts n the +ar

Drn(n% and dr0n%

Drn(n% and dr0n%

6he sale #* t#!a++# and al+#h#l

6he sale #* t#!a++# and al+#h#l

Health and sa*et$ at "#r(

Health and sa*et$ at "#r(

?s+al +#ntr#l
?s+al +#ntr#l

8a(e the 'nleaded )etr#l +hea)er

8a(e the 'nleaded )etr#l +hea)er

8a(e the )r+e #* t#!a++# &#re

8a(e the )r+e #* t#!a++# &#re
eG)ens0e
eG)ens0e

8a(e the )r+e #* al+#h#l &#re

8a(e the )r+e #* al+#h#l &#re
eG)ens0e
eG)ens0e

Other :e%'lat#ns and
Other :e%'lat#ns and
9#l+es
9#l+es

9r#0de s)e+al s&#(n% area

9r#0de s)e+al s&#(n% area

9r#0de n'rser$ r##& at sh#))n%

9r#0de n'rser$ r##& at sh#))n%
&all
&all

Selln% #* I#dne salt

Selln% #* I#dne salt

=#l'ntar$ E#des
=#l'ntar$ E#des

A%ree&ent !et"een the %#0ern&ent

A%ree&ent !et"een the %#0ern&ent
and t#!a++# nd'str$, re%'lat#n #*
and t#!a++# nd'str$, re%'lat#n #*
the )r#&#t#n and ad0ertse&ent
the )r#&#t#n and ad0ertse&ent