ulodes and ower Supplles

ulodes
ulodes
ulodes
ulodes
ulodes
1he currenL Lhrough a dlode ls glven by Lhe
formula
Pere, ! ls Lhe emlsslon coemclenL and ls
beLween " and #.
$
%
ls &%'( and ls )*)#+, $ aL room
LemperaLure.
!
I = I
0
e
V
nV
T
"1
#
$
%
&
'
(
ulodes
-300000
0
300000
1000000
1300000
2000000
2300000
3000000
3300000
-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
!
l
ulodes
ulodes
ulodes
1he dlode ls a unldlrecuonal devlce.
lL conducLs currenL ln one dlrecuon only.
ulodes
ulodes
ulodes are llke check valves ln Lhe hydraullc
model.
ulodes
ulodes
ulodes
sweep
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
XXX
-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
V
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
A i(v2)
ulode 8ecuers
LeL us use Lhe dlode ln Lhe followlng clrculL
+
-
V1
D1.A
R1
1K
ulode 8ecuers
time
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
XXX
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
ms
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
V v(1) v(2)
ulode 8ecuers
1he clrculL above ls called a half-wave recuer.
lL uses half of Lhe waveform.
lL ls also posslble Lo bulld a full-wave recuer.
+
+
-
V1
-
V2
D1.A
D2.A
R1
1K
ulode 8ecuers
time
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
XXX
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
ms
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
V v(1) v(2)
ulode 8ecuers
time
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
XXX
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
ms
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
V v(3)
ulode 8ecuers
1hls clrculL needs Lwo supplles wlLh opposlLe
polarlues.
WhaL lf we do noL have such supplles?
We wlll use a dlode brldge.
ulode 8ecuers
+
-
V
D1.A D2.A
D3.A D4.A
R
1K
ulode 8ecuers
time
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
XXX
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
ms
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
V v(3)
ulode 8ecuers
lease see Lhe llnk below for nlce anlmauons:
hup://www.vldeopedlaworld.com/vldeo/
49600/lull-Wave-8ecucauon-wlLh-a-ulode-
8rldge
SmooLhlng
1he recued volLages are sull noL good
enough for use as uC sources.
1here ls Loo much varlauon on Lhem.
We have Lo smooLh" Lhem.
We have Lo sLore charge when volLage ls hlgh
and supply lL when volLage ls low.
Pow can we do lL?
SmooLhlng
LeL us use capaclLors:
+
-
V1
D1.A
RL
C1
SmooLhlng
time
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
XXX
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
ms
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
V v(2)
SmooLhlng
We can use a capaclLor on Lhe full-wave
recuer as well:
+
+
-
V1
-
V2
D1.A
D2.A
R1
C1
SmooLhlng
time
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
XXX
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
ms
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
V v(3)
SmooLhlng
time
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
XXX
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
ms
-50.0
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
mA i(vdum)
SmooLhlng
lease see Lhe anlmauon
hup://www.falsLad.com/clrculL/e-
fullrecu.hLml for beuer undersLandlng.
SmooLhlng
1he rlpple ls glven by Lhe dlscharge of Lhe
capaclLor.
lL ls essenually an exponenual dlscharge, buL
can be approxlmaLed by a llnear funcuon.
1o nd Lhe mlnlmum value, choose . as Lhe
perlod. ln oLher words, lgnore Lhe charglng
ume.
!
v t ( ) =V
0
e
"
t
RC
#V
0
1"
t
RC
$
%
&
'
(
)
SmooLhlng
1hus,
!
V
min
=V
0
1"
1
fRC
#
$
%
&
'
(
V
r
=V
0
"V
min
=
V
0
fRC
ower Supplles
ln real supplles, a regulaLor ls added beLween
Lhe load reslsLor and Lhe smooLhlng capaclLor.
1he regulaLor ls an elecLronlc clrculL whlch
keeps Lhe ouLpuL volLage consLanL agalnsL
varlauons ln
Load varlauons
Maln supply ucLuauons
8lpple