1. Militarism- The system of Alliances in Europe encouraged Militarism. The aggressive build up of armed forces to intimidate and threaten other nations. German Militarism eventually forced Britain to become involved in the alliance system. This was one of the long-term causes of World War 1. 2. Nationalism- A feeling of intense pride in ones homeland. By the late 1800s nationalism had become a powerful idea in Europe. Nationalists place primary emphasis on promoting their homelands culture and interests above those of other countries. 3. Balkans- In the 1800s nationalism led to a crisis in south eastern Europe in the region known as the Balkans. Historically, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro- Hungarian had ruled the Balkans. Both of these empires were made up of many different nations. 4. Franz Ferdinand- In late June 1914 the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne visited the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo. As he and his wife rode through the city, a Bosnian revolutionary named Gavrilo Princip rushed their open car and shot the couple to death. 5. Propaganda- British officials worked diligently to win American support. One method the used was Propaganda, or information designed to influence opinion. Both sides used propaganda, but German propaganda was mostly anti-Russian and did not appeal to most Americans. 6. Contraband- Shortly after the war began, the British declared a blockade of German ports and began intercepting neutral merchant ships sailing to Europe. They forced ships to land at British ports where they were inspected for contrabands, or goods prohibited from shipment to Germany and its allies. 7. Sussex Pledge- It promised with certain conditions to sink no more merchant ships without warning. This met foreign-policy goals of both Germany and President Wilson by keeping the United States out of war a little longer. 8. Zimmermann Telegram- In January 1917, a German official named Arthur Zimmermann sent a telegram to the German Ambassador in Mexico asking him to make an offer to the Mexican government. If Mexico agrees to be an allies with the Germans, Mexico would regain the lost territories in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. 9. War Industries Board- (WIB) was a United States government agency established on July 28, 1917, during World War I, to coordinate the purchase of war supplies. Run by Bernard Baruch, a wall street stockbroker. 10. Victory Gardens- also called war gardens or food gardens for defense, were vegetable, fruit, and herb gardens planted at private residences and public parks in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Germany during World War I. This was done by having Wheatless Mondays, Meatless Tuesdays and Porkless Thursdays. 11. National War Labor- (NWLB) was a federal agency created on April 8, 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson. It was composed of twelve representatives from business and labor, and co-chaired by Former President William Howard Taft. Its purpose was to arbitrate disputes between workers and employers in order to ensure labor reliability and productivity during the war. It was disbanded after the war in May 1919. 12. Committee on Public Information- Also known as the CPI or the Creel Committee was an independent agency of the government of the United States created to influence U.S. public opinion regarding American participation in World War I. Their main goal was to sell the war to the people. 13. Espionage- Passed in, the act is a United States federal law passed on June 15, 1917, shortly after the U.S. entry into World War I. It has been amended numerous times over the years. Provided for the imprisonment of up to 20 years for persons who either tried to incite rebellion in the armed forces or obstruct the operations of the draft. 14. Selective Service- The Selective Service Act or Selective Draft Act authorized the federal government to raise a national army for the American entry into World War I through conscription. 15. No Mans Land- A disputed ground between the front lines or trenches of two opposing armies. 16. Convoy- a group of ships or vehicles traveling together, typically accompanied by armed troops, warships, or other vehicles for protection. 17. John J. Pershing- He was a general officer in the United States Army who led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I 18. Armistice- A formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, since it might be just a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace. 19. Treaty of Versailles- was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. 20. Fourteen Points- The "Fourteen Points" was a statement given on January 8, 1918 by United States President Woodrow Wilson declaring that World War I was being fought for a moral cause and calling for postwar peace in Europe. 21. National Self-Determination- Creation of national governmental institutions by a group of people who view themselves as a distinct nation. 22. League of Nations- was an intergovernmental organization founded on January10, 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. To promote world peace and cooperation this was created by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. 23. Reparations- the making of amends for a wrong one has done, by paying money to or otherwise helping those who have been wronged. 24. Cost of Living- the level of prices relating to a range of everyday items. 25. General Strike- is a strike action in which a substantial proportion of the total labor force in a city, region, or country participates. General strikes are characterized by the participation of workers in a multitude of workplaces, and tend to involve entire communities. General strikes first occurred in the mid-19th century, and have characterized many historically important strikes. 26. Calvin Coolidge- Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933), the 30th U.S. president, led the nation through most of the Roaring Twenties, a decade of dynamic social and cultural change, materialism and excess. He took office on August 3, 1923, following the sudden death of President Warren G. Harding (1865-1923), whose administration was riddled with scandal. 27. Red Scare- is the promotion of fear of a potential rise of communism or radical leftism, used by anti-leftist proponents. In the United States, the First Red Scare was about worker socialist revolution and political radicalism. 28. Mitchell Palmer- was Attorney General of the United States from 1919-1921. He is best known for overseeing the "Palmer Raids" during the Red Scare of 1919. 29. J. Edgar Hoover- John Edgar Hoover was the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the United States. Hoover is credited with building the FBI into a larger crime-fighting agency, and with instituting a number of modernizations to police technology, such as a centralized fingerprint file and forensic laboratories. 30. Deport- Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country