Engineering Science (ES) 13:

Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

Lecture 7:
Temperature effects
Thermal stress



1
st
Sem AY 2014-2015
September 5, 2014



Temperature Effects
Change in temperature
causes changes in
materials dimensions

The deformation of a member due to change
in temperature can be calculated using:


Deformation due to change in
Temperature
) ( T L
t

t
= deformation due to change in temperature
= linear coefficient of thermal expansion. [ in 1/C or
1/K ]
L = original length of the member
T = change in temperature of the member
Thermal Strain:

) ( T
t

4
free to deform constrained
deforms, does not
induce thermal
stress
prevents
deformation,
induces
thermal
stress
Thermal Stress
Example: Temperature Effects
The system shown (AB is steel and BC is
aluminum) is subjected to a temperature change of
+30C and a 120 kN downward force acting on
point B. Determine the final position of pin B.
Example: Thermal Stress
The A-36 steel bar shown in
the figure is constrained to just
fit between two fixed supports
when the temperature is at
25
o
C. If the temperature is
raised to 70
o
C, determine the
average normal thermal stress
developed in the bar. The bar
is square in cross-section with
side that measures 25 mm.
E
steel
= 200 GPa.
Example: Thermal Stress
For the system shown, determine the thermal stresses
on members A and B when the temperature of the
system is increased by 60
o
C.
Example: Thermal Stress
A rigid beam AB with negligible mass is pinned at O
and supported by two rods as shown. If the beam is
horizontal at a given initial temperature, find the angle
the beam will make with respect to the horizontal if
there is a 30C increase in temperature.
Example: Thermal Stress
An aluminum cylinder and a bronze cylinder are
centered and secured between two rigid slabs by
tightening two steel bolts as shown below. The
geometric and material properties are shown in the
table. If the temperature of the system is increased by
80
o
C, what will be the stresses on each bar?
References
Beer, F.P. et al. (2006). Mechanics of
materials. 6
th
Ed. SI. McGraw-Hill


Hibbeler, R.C. (2000). Mechanics of
materials. 4
th
Ed. Prentice Hall