Scientiæ Baccalaureus: A Physics Research Text

SCIENTI BACCALAUREUS
A PHYSICS RESEARCH TEXT

PERRY LEE GORDON, B. S. PHYSICS
2014
SCIENTI BACCALAUREUS: A PHYSICS RESEARCH TEXT
CURRICULUM VIT [2014:07:28:20:30 UTC]
Perry Lee Gordon (1982-Present) the American Physicist,
Composer and Artist was born and raised in New Orleans,
Louisiana to a French Creole Catholic family of Collegiates
and Artisans. Gordon began drawing at age 4. At age ten
(1992) Gordon participated in the Xavier University
MathStar High School Scholar Program and the New
Orleans Center for Creative Arts (NOCCA). Ever the Honor
Student in Elementary, Middle and High School, Gordon
excelled in Science, Mathematics, Art, Etymology, Theology
and Music. Gordon graduated Valedictorian from Bishop
McManus Academy in 2002 and planned on becoming a
Monk of the Order of Saint Benedict but after the death of
his Grandfather, Hollis Hawk Gordon, Sr. (1919-1998)
he decided to embark on a College Education and enrolled in
the University of New Orleans Physics Program in 2003.
As an Undergraduate, Gordon studied Astrophysics, and become the UNO Physics
Department Astronomy Test Proctor and Tutor, joined the Society of Physics Students,
participated in the Louis Stokes Louisiana Alliance for Minority Participation (LS-LAMP) in
Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology (SMET) Program, UNO Honor Society
and Physics Club. After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Gordon evacuated and relocated to
Dallas, Texas and transferred to the University of Texas at Dallas, where he was awarded the
Texas Space Grant Consortiums Columbia Crew Memorial Undergraduate Scholarship
2006-2007, Volunteered as UTD Physics and Math Tutor, joined the UTD Math Club and
self-taught himself Acoustic Guitar. Gordon received his Bachelors Degree in Physics from
the UTD in 2009.
Since Graduation, Gordon has Independently Researched the Physics that govern the
Phenomenology of Catastrophes of Hurricane (Super Cyclonic Storm / Category 5 Hurricane
Phailin of 2013), Tornadoes (The F5 Moore, Oklahoma Tornado of 2013), Industrial
Accident / Explosions (The West Texas Fertilizer Plant Explosion of 2013 and The British
Petroleum Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill of 2010), etc. and Self-Published his findings in an
effort to not only share Physical Understanding of the Forces of Nature but also to prevent
and rectify the Aftermath of Natural / Man-Made Disasters.
Gordons Work titled The Storm done in 2006 is a portrait of Mother and Child in the
Surrealism style of French Masters and tells the story of Hurricane Katrina Evacuees
featured in a Times Picayune News photo. The 6x6 inch Pencil portrait fills the Central
Square of a Hurricane Flag and is encrypted with the artists own personal experience of
Katrina evacuation via Mystic Gothic Steganography.
In 2013 Gordon founded Pelego Records and composed his first song All Things
Remembered an Instrumental Guitar Album in honor of the family pet cat Sonya Jean
Gordon (1991-2011).
Gordon continues to learn and explore the universe through both Science and the Arts.
2
Perry Lee Gordon, B. S. Physics
Commissioned Artist, Independent Researcher / Mathematical Physics
& Founder and Chief Executive at Pelego Records
The University of Texas at Dallas
Department of Physics, EC 36
800 West Campbell Road
Richardson, Texas, U.S.A. 75080-3021
The Sovereign has accomplished this; and we are amazed. Psalm 118:23
[Paraphrased]
The Holy Bible; King James Version (KJV)
3
CONSTANS
GORDON
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES* Misericordia, Honor et Iustitia
S G O D NOF
S G O D NOF
MEMBERS
[Page 5] NUCLEOSYNTHESIS: An Analytical Cross Referencing of the Principal
Processes of Heavy Element Enrichment, the Stellar Mass Classifications of the
HertzsprungRussell (H-R) Diagram and The Periodic Table of Elements
[Page 14] COLD ATOMS [Co(At)s]: Cryonebula Phenomenology Caused By Cosmic
Microwave Background Radiation Laser Cooling of High Velocity Gas Jet Emissions from
the White Dwarf Stellar Remnant of the Boomerang / Bow Tie Nebula
[Page 25] PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS: Real World Mathematical Modeling
(RWMM) of the Length of a 415 Mb File Saved on a CD-RW Compact Disc
[Page 31] U.R.I. [2013]: Real World Mathematical Modeling (RWMM) of the
Phenomenology of the Russian Meteorite of 2013 [Pressure Dynamics]
[Page 38] CATASTROPHYSICS: Real World Mathematical Modeling (RWMM) of the
Phenomenology of the West, Texas Explosion [Pressure Dynamics]
Phenomenology of the West, Texas Explosion [Electric Field Dynamics]
Phenomenology of the Moore, Oklahoma Tornado [Buoyancy Dynamics]
Phenomenology of the Moore, Oklahoma Tornado [Fluid Dynamics]
Phenomenology of Super Cyclonic Storm Phailin [Fluid Dynamics]
4
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS:
An Analytical Cross Referencing of the Principal Processes of Heavy Element Enrichment,
the Stellar Mass Classifications of the HertzsprungRussell (H-R) Diagram and
The Periodic Table of Elements
[2003:11:13:20:07 UTC]
SUMMARY
A research paper explaining the origin of heavy elements (elements heavier than Hydrogen)
in the universe by giving a step-by-step mapping of the nuclear reaction processes carried out
in Main Sequence Stellar Cores (Classes M through O) by calculating the nuclear equations
of the isotopes formed at each stage of Nucleosynthesis and referencing the Period these
isotopes are categorized into on the Periodic Table of the Elements.
ADDENDUM
Presentation of Gordons Table is an analytical cross referencing tool between the Periodic
Table of the Elements, The Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) Diagram and the stars principal
process of nuclear fusion reaction (i.e.: Nucleosynthesis).
5
CONSTANS
GORDON
S
G O D
N
OF
*REX EST MERCES*
Misericordia, Honor et Iustitia
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
6
During the creation of the universe in the Big Bang elements such as Hydrogen, Helium and
Lithium were formed in a matter of moments. However, the origin of heavy elements, or
elements heavier than Hydrogen, in the universe was one of the most difficult problems in
Astrophysics. We now know that most elements present in the universe that are heavier than
Hydrogen can be synthesized in certain astrophysical sites, particularly stars, from one of
seven nuclear processes; the Proton-Proton Chain, the CNO cycle, Triple-Alpha Capture,
Alpha-Capture, the R-process, the S-process, and the P-process (some elements form from
natural radioactive decay, neutrino capture, spontaneous fission or spallation in the
interstellar medium). These seven processes are the primary cause of the heavy element
enrichment of nuclei beyond the first and beginning half of the second period of the Periodic
Table of Elements. The principle synthesis process at their astrophysical site determines the
type of elements created and their abundances.
Even though Helium was formed in the Big Bang it is still created in stars and serves as a
necessary component for the synthesis of other elements. In stars 0.8-0.05 solar masses the
Proton-Proton Chain is the dominant reaction process. In this process Hydrogen nuclei are
fused to form an elemental Helium nuclei. The reaction begins with two protons (essentially
ionized Hydrogen nuclei or
1
/
1
H) fusing together to form an isotope of Hydrogen known as
Deuterium (
2
/
1
H). One of the protons involved in the formation of the Deuterium (
2
/
1
H)
nucleus undergoes a beta decay and becomes a neutron and energy is released in the form of
a neutrino (v) and a positron (e
+
); the time laps for this reaction to occur in approximately 10
9

years. Once a Deuterium (
2
/
1
H) nucleus has been synthesized, in a matter of seconds it fuses
with another proton (
1
/
1
H) to create a Tritium (
3
/
2
He) nucleus, an isotope of Helium, and
releases energy, this time in the form of a gamma ray (y). Another Deuterium nucleus must
be formed in order for the final step to occur. Once two Deuterium nuclei have been formed,
they fuse to form elemental Helium (
4
/
2
He) and free up two protons, one from each
Deuterium nuclei. The time laps for this reaction is 10
6
years. The over all equation looks like
this,
1
/
1
H +
1
/
1
H =
2
/
1
H + e
+
+ v
2
/
1
H +
1
/
1
H =
3
/
2
He + y
3
/
2
He +
3
/
2
He =
4
/
2
He +
1
/
1
H +
1
/
1
H
The Heavy element enrichment ends here for stars of such low mass due to a lack of the
sufficient heat and pressure needed to over come the repulsive force of the larger Helium
nuclei.
In larger stars, 2-0.8 solar masses, the process of heavy element enrichment of second period
elements can continue in the Triple-Alpha reaction and then in the CNO (Carbon, Nitrogen,
and Oxygen) Cycle for stars 2 solar masses and beyond. In the Triple-Alpha reaction three
Helium (
4
/
2
He) nuclei, which are also called alpha particles, fuse in steps to form a Carbon 12
(
12
/
6
C) nucleus. Two Helium nuclei first fuse and form a Beryllium (
8
/
4
Be) nucleus. The
Beryllium (
8
/
4
Be) nucleus then fuses with another Helium (
4
/
2
He) nucleus to create a Carbon-
12 (
12
/
6
C) nucleus and release a gamma ray (y). The equations are,
4
/
2
He +
4
/
2
He =
8
/
4
Be
8
/
4
Be +
4
/
2
He =
12
/
6
C + y
7
The Carbon-12 (
12
/
6
C) nuclei created in the Triple-Alpha reaction process can then enter the
CNO Cycle (Note: The CNO Cycle is the principle reaction cycle in stars more massive than
the Sun.) where it combines with a proton (
1
/
1
H) to form Nitrogen-13 (
13
/
7
N), a radioisotope
of Nitrogen, and emits a gamma ray (y). The unstable Nitrogen-13 (
13
/
7
N) nucleus then
undergoes a beta decay releasing a positron (e
+
) and a neutrino (v) and reverts back to an
isotope of Carbon, Carbon-13 (
13
/
6
C). The new Carbon-13 (
13
/
6
C) nucleus then merges with a
proton (
1
/
1
H) and emits a gamma ray (y), resulting in the formation of Nitrogen-14 (
14
/
7
N), a
stable Nitrogen isotope because of its seven neutrons. The Nitrogen then fuses with a proton
(
1
/
1
H), releases another gamma ray (y) and forms an Oxygen-15 (
15
/
8
O) nucleus. This is an
unstable isotope that undergoes a beta decay and reverses back to a Nitrogen-15 (
15
/
7
N)
nucleus while releasing a positron (e
+
) and a neutrino (v). The new Nitrogen nucleus is
unstable and competes the CNO Cycle by fusing with a proton (1/1H) and undergoing an
alpha decay creating a Carbon-12 (
12
/
6
C) nucleus and a Helium (
4
/
2
He) nucleus. The reaction
formula is thus,
12
/
6
C +
1
/
1
H =
13
/
7
N + y
13
/
7
N =
13
/
6
C + e
+
+ v
13
/
6
C +
1
/
1
H =
14
/
7
N + y
14
/
7
N +
1
/
1
H =
15
/
8
O + y
15
/
8
O =
15
/
7
N + e
+
+ v
15
/
7
N +
1
/
1
H =
12
/
6
C +
4
/
2
He.
Smaller subsequent Alpha-Capture reactions, reactions in which an alpha particle
fuses with a nucleus, also take place in stars 3.5 solar masses and above. These reactions can
provide stable isotopes for some elements. For example a Carbon-12 (
12
/
6
C) can fuse with a
Helium (
4
/
2
He) nucleus to form an Oxygen-16 (
16
/
8
O) nucleus, and releases a gamma ray (y),
12
/
6
C +
4
/
2
He =
16
/
8
O + y,
A Nitrogen-14 (
14
/
7
N) nucleus can combine with a Helium (
4
/
2
He) nucleus and release a
positron (e
+
) and a neutrino (v), forming Oxygen-18 (
18
/
8
O). The Oxygen-18 (
18
/
8
O) nucleus
can then form a Neon-22 (
22
/
10
Ne) nucleus, which is a stable isotope of this element, by
fusing with a Helium (
4
/
2
He) nucleus and releasing a gamma ray (y). The formula for these
reactions is,
14
/
7
N +
4
/
2
H e=
18
/
8
O + e
+
+ v,
and
18
/
8
O +
4
/
2
He =
22
/
10
Ne + y.
At this point most elements in the second period have been created and the reaction processes
moves into the synthesis of third period elements.
The fusion of larger nuclei in stars 15 solar masses and greater provide for the
formation of the third period elements, and has more divers outcomes in its fusion reaction
processes. It is important to note that elements beyond this point are synthesized in more than
one isotope. These isotopes may be mentioned even if the formula for them were not
discussed. Also only the isotopes of high abundance or those that are necessary for heavy
8
element enrichment fulfillment in their period are listed. The Carbon nuclei (including
Carbon-12 (
12
/
6
C) and other isotopes) created in the Triple-Alpha reactions earlier can fuse
together to form third period elements of Sodium, Magnesium, and Neon nuclei. Two
Carbon-12 (
12
/
6
C) nuclei can fuse to form a Magnesium-24 (
24
/
12
Mg) nucleus and a gamma
ray (y). A Carbon-12 (
12
/
6
C) nucleus and a Carbon-14 (
14
/
6
C) nucleus can form a Magnesium-
26 (
26
/
12
Mg) nucleus, a stable isotope and a gamma ray (y). Sodium-22 (
22
/
12
Ne) nucleus and
a positron (e
+
) and a neutrino (v) can be formed from a Carbon-12 (
12
/
6
C) nuclei and a
Carbon-11 (
11
/
6
C) fusing and then undergoing a beta decay. Two Carbon-14 (
14
/
6
C) nuclei can
build up a Neon-24 (
24
/
10
Ne) nucleus by fusing and then alpha decaying, (ejecting a Helium
nucleus
4
/
2
He). The reaction formulas are,
12
/
6
C +
12
/
6
C =
24
/
12
Mg + y,
and
12
/
6
C +
14
/
6
C =
26
/
12
Mg + y,
or
11
/
6
C +
12
/
6
C =
22
/
11
Na + e
+
+ v,
or
14
/
6
C +
14
/
6
C =
24
/
10
Ne +
4
/
2
He
The fusion of the Oxygen nuclei created earlier in the CNO Cycle also provides for the heavy
element synthesis of nuclei of Sulfur, Phosphorus, Silicon, Magnesium, etc. Two Oxygen-16
(
16
/
8
O) nuclei when fused can form a Sulfur-32 (
32
/
16
S) nucleus and a gamma ray (y). A
Silicon-34 (
34
/
14
Si) nucleus and a He (
4
/
2
He) nucleus, after an alpha decay, can form from a
Oxygen-18 (
18
/
8
O) nucleus and an Oxygen-19 (
19
/
8
O) nucleus fusing. An Oxygen-16 (
16
/
8
O)
nucleus and an Oxygen-17 (
17
/
8
O) nucleus can fuse to form a Sulfur-33 (
33
/
16
S) nucleus and a
gamma ray (y) or a Silicon-29 (
29
/
14
Si) nucleus after an alpha decay. A Sulfur-34 (
34
/
16
S)
nucleus and a gamma ray (y) can form from the fusing two Oxygen-17 (
17
/
8
O) nuclei.
Oxygen-17 (
17
/
8
O) nucleus and an Oxygen-18 (
18
/
8
O) nucleus can create a Sulfur-35 (
35
/
16
S)
nucleus and a gamma ray (y). Sulfur 36 (
36
/
16
S) and a gamma ray (y) result from two
Oxygen-18 (
18
/
6
O) nuclei fusing. The reaction process is,
16
/
8
O +
16
/
8
O =
32
/
16
S + y,
and
16
/
8
O +
17
/
8
O =
33
/
16
S + y,
and
17
/
8
O +
17
/
8
O =
34
/
16
S + y,
and
9
17
/
8
O +
18
/
8
O =
35
/
16
S + y,
and
18
/
8
O +
18
/
8
O =
36
/
16
S + y,
and
18
/
8
O +
19
/
8
O =
34
/
14
Si +
4
/
2
He
The newly created Sulfur-32 through-36 nuclei are stable. Sulfurs-28 through-31 are not and
can decay into Silicon, Chlorine, or Argon nuclei. Sulfur-35 (
35
/
16
S) can also beta decay into
Chlorine-35 (
35
/
17
Cl) and release a positron (e
+
) and neutrino (v), which is stable. If the
Chlorine-35 (
35
/
17
Cl) nucleus gains a free neutron it can undergo a beta decay into an Argon-
36 (
36
/
18
Ar) nucleus or back to a Sulfur-36 (
36
/
16
S) nucleus, by converting a proton into a
neutron or a neutron into a proton.
35
/
16
S - n =
35
/
17
Cl + e
+
+ v
35
/
17
Cl + n =
36
/
18
Ar + e
+
+ v,
or
36
/
17
Cl - n =
36
/
16
S + e
+
+ v.
Sulfur-31 (
31
/
16
S), another unstable isotope of Sulfur that sometimes forms from Oxygen-
Oxygen fusion reactions can undergo a beta decay to become a Phosphorus 31 (
31
/
15
P)
nucleus.
31
/
16
S -
1
/
1
H =
31
/
15
P + e
+
+ v.
A Sulfur-38 (
38
/
16
S) nucleus, another unstable isotope that is sometimes created in Oxygen-
Oxygen fusion reactions, can beta decay to a Chlorine-38 (
38
/
17
Cl) nucleus by converting one
of its neutrons into a proton and releasing a neutrino (v) and a positron (e
+
). The Chlorine-38
(
38
/
17
Cl) nucleus can also convert a neutron into a proton, and release a neutrino (v) and a
positron (e
+
), to form a stable isotope of Argon, Argon-38 (
38
/
18
Ar). The equations for these
processes are,
38
/
16
S n =
38
/
17
Cl + e
+
+ v
38
/
17
Cl n =
38
/
18
Ar + e
+
+ v.
Phosphorus-32 (
32
/
15
P) nuclei can form from Silicon-35 (
35
/
14
Si) undergoing a beta decay.
35
/
14
Si - n =
35
/
15
P + e
+
+ v.
Magnesium-23 (
23
/
12
Mg) nuclei can form from two Oxygen nuclei (Oxygen-15 and-16)
fusing and undergoing two alpha decays.
15
/
8
O+
16
/
8
O=
31
/
16
S
31
/
16
S-
4
/
2
He =
27
/
14
Si
10
27
/
14
Si-
4
/
2
He =
23
/
12
Mg.
Nitrogen-Nitrogen fusion reactions can also build up Silicon-28 through-30 nuclei.
Silicon-26 (
26
/
14
Si) and Silicon-27 (
27
/
14
Si) nuclei created in this process can alpha decay to
Magnesium-26 (
26
/
12
Mg) and Magnesium-27 (
27
/
12
Mg), respectfully, or beta decay to
Aluminum-26 (
26
/
13
Al) and Aluminum-27 (
27
/
13
Al). The reaction formulas are thus,
26
/
14
Si
4
/
2
He =
27
/
12
Mg
27
/
14
Si -
4
/
2
He =
27
/
12
Mg,
or
26
/
14
Si p =
26
/
13
Al
27
/
14
Si p =
27
/
13
Al.
At this point at lest one nucleus of every element in third period has effectively been
synthesized.
The formation of Iron, a key fourth period element, can be done at two different
astrophysical sites (OB stars and Red Giant stars) and in three different ways. In stars 40
solar masses and above Iron is formed by the fusion of two Silicon nuclei followed by an
alpha decay. In Red Giant stars Iron is formed by Silicon nuclei slowly capturing alpha
particles in Alpha-Capture processes, or by the slow capturing of neutrons emitted by other
elements in a process called the S-process. The Silicon-Silicon equation looks like this,
32
/
14
Si +
31
/
14
Si =
63
/
28
Ni
63
/
28
Ni -
4
/
2
He =
59
/
26
Fe.
The over all Alpha-Capture equation looks like this,
30
/
14
Si +
4
/
2
He =
34
/
16
S
34
/
16
S +
4
/
2
He =
38
/
18
Ar
38
/
18
Ar+
4
/
2
He=
42
/
20
Ca
42
/
20
Ca +
4
/
2
He =
46
/
22
Ti
50
/
22
Ti +
4
/
2
He =
54
/
24
Cr
54
/
24
Cr +
4
/
2
He =
58
/
26
Fe.
The S-process equation looks like this,
52
/
25
Mn + n =
53
/
25
Mn
53
/
25
Mn + n =
54
/
25
Mn
54
/
25
Mn + n =
55
/
25
Mn
55
/
25
Mn - n =
55
/
26
Fe + e
+
+ v.
In the S-process, in Red Giant stars, heavy element enrichment in done by the slow capturing
of neutrons by atomic nuclei, which allows them to build up stable isotopes of both parent
and daughter elements. This is due to the fact that the rate of neutron capture is much slower
than the rate of beta decay. Elements build up their stable isotopes until they reach their
11
highest stable neutron number. At that point it is unlikely they will absorb any more neutrons.
They can then can beta decay into another element. The reaction formula is,
55
/
26
Fe + n =
56
/
26
Fe
56
/
26
Fe + n =
57
/
26
Fe
57
/
26
Fe + n =
58
/
26
Fe
58
/
26
Fe + n =
59
/
26
Fe
59
/
26
Fe + n =
60
/
26
Fe

60
/
26
Fe - n =
60
/
27
Co + e
+
+ v.
This process can continue through the fifth and sixth periods until Lead-208 (
208
/
82
Pb) and
Bismuth-209 (
209
/
83
Bi) nuclei are formed. Actinides cannot be synthesized in this process
because of their rapid rate of decay.
The fusion of two Iron nuclei can also increase enrichment. The two Iron nuclei, Iron-
54 (
54
/
26
Fe) nuclei through Iron-60 (
60
/
26
Fe) nuclei, can form Barium-108 (
108
/
56
Ba) through -
120 (
120
/
56
Ba) isotopes. These isotopes are radioactive and in turn decay into other elements.
60
/
26
Fe +
60
/
26
Fe =
120
/
56
Ba E (Note; The E represents a loss of energy in the
reaction.)
Heavier elements are further created from an Iron nucleus by capturing a free proton
(
1
/
1
H) and becoming a Cobalt nucleus. The Cobalt nucleus can also capture a free proton
(
1
/
1
H) and become a Nickel nucleus. This process is called the P-process.
60
/
26
Fe +
1
/
1
H =
61
/
27
Co
61
/
27
Co +
1
/
1
H =
62
/
28
Ni.
The P-process can also continue through the fifth and sixth periods, including Lanthanides,
up until Lead nuclei are formed. The seventh period elements beyond Lead, the Actinides,
are too unstable and undergo radioactive decay faster than they can acquire protons and
effectively end heavy element enrichment within the P-process.
The R-process, which takes place in supernovae, can build elements in the Actinide
series. This is because the rate of neutron capture is greater than the rate of beta decay. When
a massive star, 40 solar masses or higher, dies a hot neutrino-driven wind exerts high
pressure on the surrounding gas and introduces a large amount of neutrons. The particles in
the gas (Chromium, Titanium, Sulfur, Silicon, Helium, and Hydrogen) will absorb neutrons
until their rate of capture is equaled to their rate of emission. This allows large nuclei of
almost every element to build up of isotopes, both stable and unstable. Larger very
radioactive nuclei, like Uranium-92 an Actinide, are produced. The unstable elements in turn
can undergo any number of radioactive decays, such as beta decays or alpha particle
emissions, into other elements or they can acquire a stable neutron number by capturing more
neutrons and convert from radioactive to stable isotopes. In either process they can fill up the
blocks of missing elements in all previous reactions.
12
ADDENDUM
Gordons Table is an analytical tool allowing scientist to predict the atomic elements that a
star can produce during its lifetime, by cross referencing the periodic Table of the Elements,
The Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) Diagram and the stars principal process of nuclear fusion
reaction (i.e.: Nucleosynthesis).
GORDONS TABLE
Period 7
Elements
P, R and S Process,
Alpha Cap
Period 6
Elements
P, R and S Process,
Alpha Cap by Fe
Period 5
Elements
P and S Process,
Alpha Cap
Period 4
Elements
P and S Process,
Alpha Cap by Si*
Period 3
Elements
Sub CNO
Period 2
Elements
CNO, Tri-Alpha Cap
Period 1
Elements
Proton-Proton
Chain
O
(40S
m
)
B
(15S
m
)
A
(3.5S
m
)
F
(1.7S
m
)
G
(1.1S
m
)
K
(0.8S
m
)
M
(0.05S
m
)
(Table 1: NOTE, the slope of this table corresponds to the slope of the Main Sequence plot on the
HertzsprungRussell (H-R) diagram.)
1. Weaver, Benjamin Alan. Nucleosynthesis. Wed Mar 12 14:30:06 PST 2003.
National Aeronautic and Space Administration. November 13.
http://ultaman.ssl.berkeley.edu/nucleosynthesis.html.
2. Periodic Table. Dec 1 16:26 2003. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. November 13.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_of_elements.
3. Husted, Roberts. Periodic Table of the Elements. Sept 5 2001. Los Alamos National
Laboratorys Chemistry Division. November 14.
http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/defualt.htm.
4. Herter, Terry. Lecture 16: Stellar Masses. November 19 2003 Cornell University.
November 15. http://instruct.cit.cornell.edu/courses/astro101/lec16.htm.
5. Snow, Theodore P. and Brownsberger, Kenneth R. Universe, Origins and Evolution.
Belmont, Ca. U.S.A.: Wadsworth Publishing Company: 1997.
And He brought him forth abroad, and said, Look now toward heaven, and tell the stars, if
thou be able to number them: and He said unto him, So shall thy seed be.
Genesis 15:5
13
COLD ATOMS [Co(At)s]:
Cryonebula Phenomenology Caused By Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
Laser Cooling of High Velocity Gas Jet Emissions from the White Dwarf
Stellar Remnant of the Boomerang / Bow Tie Nebula
[2007:03:29:14:14 UTC]
SUMMARY
A research paper explaining the Ultracold 1 Kelvin average temperature of the Boomerang /
Bow Tie Nebula (NGC 40) despite the presence of High Velocity Molecular Jets emanating
from the central White Dwarf Stellar Remnant, using the Physical principles of Doppler
Shift, Photon Absorption Recoil, Molecular Mimicry of Atomic Electron Orbital
Configurations and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Omni-Directional Laser
Trapping.
14
CONSTANS
GORDON
S
G O D
N
OF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
15
Outline for Cold Atoms [Co(At)
s
]
I. Introduction
A. The Boomerang Nebula.
B. Thesis statement; It is the purpose of this report to explain and delineate the production
processes of cold atoms in both naturally occurring events and in laboratory experiments.
II Cold atoms in the boomerang nebula
A. Thermal dynamics of the nebula
1. Superfluid helium and ultarcold hydrogen condensates
2. Entropy of the white dwarf-boomerang cloud nebula-universe system
B. Nebula cloud/carbon monoxide origin
1. Carbon Monoxide molecular properties/resonance structures
2. Carbon Monoxide molecular properties/nitrogen similarities
C. Carbon and Oxygen creation/stellar evolution
a. Proton-Proton chain stage
b. Helium fusion stage
c. CNO Cycle stage
d. Carbon white dwarf stage
D. Nebula kinetics
1. Species dispersion within the cloud
a. Kinetic energy of species
b. Gravitational potentials of species
c. Nebula mass/radius dependent composition
E. New born nebula properties
1. Cloud temperature ranges
2. CO properties in the nebula
3. CBR laser trap
F. Conclusion (nebula system)/introduction (laboratory) experiment
1. Carbon Monoxide production
2. CBR laser trapping
III Cold atoms in the lab (introduction)
A. Boomerang nebula comparisons
B. Experiment setup/overview
C. The experiment
1. Candlestick/White Dwarf comparison
2. Zeeman slower/inert gas coupled expansion comparison
D. Laser beam/CBR comparison
E. Magnetic trap/Boomerang Nebula heliopause comparison
IV Conclusion
A. Cold atoms in technology
B. Cold atoms true contribution
16
Suspended five thousand light years away, the Boomerang Nebula is one of the most
dynamic places in the universe. This seemingly mundane protoplanetary nebula houses one
of the hottest known carbon white dwarf stars in the universe. Even more astonishing, and
further perplexing, is the fact that despite the presence of this white dwarf star the interstellar
cloud emanating from it is colder than the universe itself, having an average temperature of 1
Kelvin. The reason for this dynamic display of temperature extremes is two fold. One, the
outward bound interstellar cloud, of approximately 1 light year
1
in diameter, has been
expanding and cooling for the past 1500 years at an unprecedented rate (almost 10-100 times
faster than that of any previously known protoplanetary nebula). Two, the interstellar cloud is
composed primarily of Carbon Monoxide (CO) molecules (with trace amounts of molecular
Hydrogen (H
2
) and Helium (He) gases). Together these two naturally occurring criteria have
given rise to phenomenon only recently duplicated in laboratory experiments called cold
atoms. It is the purpose of this report to explain and delineate the production processes of
cold atoms in both naturally occurring events and in laboratory experiments.
In the case of the NGC 40 (the Boomerang Nebula), rapid achievement of thermal
equilibrium due to the high rate of expansion of the molecular cloud (though due to the
dynamics of the system the actual size of the nebula is almost half the size it should be, at
approximately 9.460 x 10
12
km in diameter instead of 1.5778 x 10
13
km) has understandably
resulted in the ultra low temperature range of the molecular cloud as a whole. Even though
this expansion does give rise to ultracold Hydrogen
2
and superfluid Helium
3
as both gaseous
filaments and condensates (respectively) within the cloud it does not account for the 1 Kelvin
temperature average of the interstellar cloud. As proven according to the Second Law of
Thermodynamics, with the universe at an average temperature of 3 Kelvin and taking the
Carbon White Dwarf Star-Boomerang Nebula Cloud-Universe Thermal System to be a
completely isolated system (which is almost accurate since the nearest star system is
considerable light years away) there is no way the systems enthalpy can exceed to any level
lower than that of the systems equilibrium of 3 Kelvin (holding bias the universes capacity
to receive the total enthalpy of the White Dwarf Star-Boomerang Nebula Cloud-Universe
Thermal System into itself with out any significant changes in its own total enthalpy). To
account for this two degree temperature difference we must examine the nature and origin of
the other interstellar gas species within the nebula, particularly that of the Carbon Monoxide
molecules.
Carbon Monoxide (CO), is a linear, polar molecule composed of Carbon and Oxygen
with two resonance structures (:C::O: and :C:::O::)
4
. The composite Carbon and Oxygen
atoms have roughly the same electronegativity and electron valence structure. That means
that this tightly bonded molecule can, at lest from an electron configuration stand point, be
viewed as one single atom despite its duel resonance structures. This means the molecule in
either resonance structure can be taken to act identical to each other in the identical
circumstances. Therefore we need not specify which particular resonance structure is actually
in the gas cloud. Furthermore, Carbon Monoxide also has a similar nature to that of Nitrogen
1
A light year is 9.46 x 10
12
km.
2
Ultracold Hydrogen occurs at temperatures just above the superfliud temperature of hydrogen (20.27K).
3
Superfluid Helium occurs at different temperatures for the two isotopes of Helium (
4
/
2
HE and
3
/
2
He) and
both isotopes can be found in the Boomerang Nebula. Therefore well take their combined average
temperate as their temperatures in the nebula (2.12 K + 2.4 K = 2.26 K/2 = 1.13 K).
4
Both of these resonance structures occur in the Boomerang Nebula.
17
atoms, meaning we can analyze and model the molecules behavior to that of a single atom.
Carbon Monoxide usually results from the decomposition of carbon heavy fuels that burn
insufficiently in the presence of Oxygen. The Carbon Monoxide within the nebula is the
result of a kind of combustion of Carbon (as we will see shortly) in the presence of
insufficient concentrations of Oxygen. But before we go any further we must explain where
the materials, (i.e. the Carbon and Oxygen atoms), for this molecule were created.
The Carbon Monoxide molecules in the nebula were not created in the white dwarf stage of
the star or, in any other previous stage of the stars life. See, in the processes of stellar
evolution, G class main sequence mass stars of 1
()
to 1.5
()
(solar masses) have three
principle stages of growth and aging. The first stage is the Proton-Proton Chain stage or Main
Sequence stage. In this stage the stars core converts the Hydrogen nuclei (
1
/
1
H) into Helium
(
4
/
2
He) in simple fusion reactions. These stars remain in this stage for an average of 10
billion years. Over time the star builds up an inner core made of inactive Helium surrounded
by its active Hydrogen converting fusion shell. Once the pressure of both the outer envelope
(made of mostly Hydrogen) and Hydrogen converting shell raises the temperature of the
Helium sufficiently high to begin Helium fusion reactions (the Helium flash), the star moves
off the main sequence stage and onto the Helium Fusion stage. Here the star expands, due to
the increase in radiation generated by both the Helium and Hydrogen fusion reactions in the
core but primarily because Helium fusion is more efficient than Hydrogen fusion, and
becomes a Giant star. After the helium stage the stellar core, composed now primarily of an
inactive oxygen inner core (the byproduct of its Helium fusion reactions), an intermediate
active Helium fusion shell and outer active Hydrogen fusion shell, can begin Triple-Alpha
Capture fusion
5
processes and systematically build up various Carbon isotopes and possibly
even begins some light Carbon Fusion processes. Unfortunately, due to the low mass of these
type of intermediate mass stars this is the end of their fusion capabilities and once there are
no more significant amounts of fusion reactions within the core, the hydrostatic equilibrium
of the star (the balance of outward radiative flux and inward gravity) is disturbed and the
outer envelop and core shells (of unused Hydrogen, Helium, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon)
collapses on and crushes the stellar core until the electron degeneracy pressure of the carbon
atoms within the core supports it from further implosion. The otter envelope are then blown
off by an internal outward traveling rebound shockwave that distributes the envelope and
non-carbon layers of the core out into interstellar space over a distance of a few light years,
forming a nebula. This is the formation of the Carbon White Dwarf star and the
protoplanetary nebula of NGC 40.
Now, shifting our attention from the new born white dwarf to the new born nebula,
the distributions of the atomic species with in the gas cloud are greatly governed by their
atomic mass and gravitational attraction to their parent star. That is to say that the heavier
elements such as Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon tend to stay closer to the white dwarf due to
gravity and kinetics of the system (particularly the kinetics of the ejecta). For in this system,
the heavier atoms require more energy to travel the same distance as lighter atoms do in the
same time but all atoms receive the same outward force and so the heavier atoms travel a
shorter distance in the time allowed. These heavier atoms are also more gravitationally
5
The Triple-Alpha Capture process is a fusion process by which nuclei fuse with alpha particles and form
new heavier nuclei. Due to the stability of nuclei around certain neutron numbers atomic new elements are
only built up if a nuclei captures three alpha particles within relatively short time of each other, otherwise
the nucleus radioactively decays.
18
attracted to their parent star and thus lose kinetic energy faster and travel less distance than
the lighter atoms in the ejecta. These differences in even atomic masses can result in large
distances between atomic species within nebulae on orders ranging from a few Astronomical
Units
6
to light years and is the explanation for the nebulas mass/radius dependent
composition. For in nebulae, the outer bounds of the interstellar cloud are usually composed
of Hydrogen and Helium gases with subsequent heavier species following the further into the
nebula (i.e. closer to the parent star). This data must be considered in the explanation of cold
atoms in the molecular cloud.
Thermally the gas cloud, once at temperatures ranging from 6000 Kelvin (the average surface
temperature of a G class star) to around 100 million Kelvin (core temperature at CNO cycle
stage), rapidly cools as it reaches out into the interstellar medium to an average temperature
of 10,000 Kelvin with a slight temperature increase above the average the further out from
the central star. This is normal for nebulae. The continuous spectrum emitted by the white
dwarf is absorbed in the lower frequencies (Radio, Inferred, and Microwaves) by the gas
particles in close proximity to the star in basic ionization and/or photoelectric effect
interactions. The upper level frequencies (Ultraviolet, X-ray, and Gamma ray) permeate
through the cloud by scattering effects and energize and excite particles on the nebulas outer
bounds. However, in the case of the Boomerang Nebula the species of gases (which range
from Alkali to Noble gases) each have very different reactions to the nebulas rapid
expansion and the other species present in the gas cloud. For one, the Hydrogen and Helium
atoms, as mentioned before, expand and cool into ultracold and superfluid states that are not
typical states for these atoms even in laboratories let alone in interstellar space or nebulae.
Second, within the nebula cloud the Carbon and Oxygen atoms, as mentioned, molecularly
combine to form CO molecules, (H
2
CO, H
2
O, O
2
, also form within the gas cloud). The
Carbon Monoxide molecules (at temperatures around 10,000 Kelvin) are still traveling
roughly at 600,000 km/h. At that velocity the Cosmic Background Radiation (CBR) (the
energy remnant of the Big Bang that permeates through all space isotropicaly), with a
frequency of 160.2 GHz is severely Doppler shifted, with respect to the Carbon Monoxide
molecules, to a frequency of 152.6 GHz. Here the Doppler shifted Cosmic Background
Radiation can be absorbed by the Carbon Monoxide molecules and therefore acts like an
isotropic cosmic laser trap effecting Carbon Monoxide molecules moving in any direction
away from the white dwarf star. When the Carbon Monoxide molecules absorb CBR photons
they receive a kick in the opposite direction of their motion due to the absorbing of the
photon and its momentum. This normally would not work for molecules because of their high
internal rotational, vibrational energies and complex electron configurations but, Carbon
Monoxides Nitrogen reminiscent electron configuration (principally its two to three sets of
free valence electrons) coupled with its expansion in the presence of ultacold Hydrogen and
superfluid Helium gases (remember the Hydrogen and helium gas are further out near the
outer bounds of the nebula due to their low mass) at supersonic velocities (600,000 km/h)
reduces the internal energies of the Carbon Monoxide molecules and allows the CBR laser
trap to work on reducing the molecules velocity almost to a stand still. That means the
molecules are moving with a temperature ten billionths of a degree from absolute zero.
We have set the stage for the production of cold atoms in the nebula cloud. The process can
be a very complex with simultaneously occurring steps so, let us go though it in order and see
how the actual process works. Step one, after the creation of the Carbon White Dwarf,
6
An Astronomical Unit is 1.49 x 10
8
km.
19
Carbon atoms are ejected from the white dwarf start at the supersonic velocity of 600,000
km/h, and chemically react with nearby Oxygen atoms that were previously ejected and
diffused in the nebula formation stage. The reaction between the Carbon and Oxygen atoms
is due in part to the stars low level radiation (Radio, Inferred, and Microwave) being
absorbed by the atoms at close distances. Here the Carbon and Oxygen atoms are literally in
a low burning interstellar flame. The produced Carbon Monoxide molecules, still moving
outward from the star at a velocity just under their initial speed of 600,000 km/h, is expanded
in the presence of ultracold Hydrogen and supercold Helium gases. This allows the internal
rotational and vibrational energies of the Carbon Monoxide molecules to achieve
significantly reduced internal thermal energy states and cools the interstellar cloud as a whole
to temperatures below 3 Kelvin. In this process of cooling among the ultracold Hydrogen and
supercold Helium gases, the Carbon Monoxide molecules also absorbs Doppler shifted
Cosmic Background radiation. This energizes its free valence electrons pairs and permits the
molecule to receive a kick from the absorbed photons momentum. The electron pairs them
emit photons and the process starts again. Also, the high level energies emitted from the star
that are at the outer distances of the nebula allow the valence electrons of the Carbon
Monoxide molecules to recoil sooner (Compton Effect)
7
and thereby oscillate, which results
in faster photon emission. This allows the molecules to absorb CBR faster and therefore cool
at a greater rate.
Looking at these steps as a whole and over every part of the nebula cloud at once we see that
the dynamics of the Carbon White Dwarf Star-Boomerang Nebula Cloud-Universe Thermal
System, the thermal systems role as the source for ultracold Hydrogen and supercold Helium
gases, and the effects of those rare state gases on Carbon Monoxide molecules, Carbon
Monoxides own unique nature in interstellar gas clouds and, finally, averaging the
temperature ranges of the system, which extends from ten billionths of a degree above
absolute zero to 3 Kelvin, we see a pristine naturally occurring arena for cold atoms to form
in interstellar mediums. The rare, cosmic and natural circumstances that give rise to cold
atoms in the Boomerang Nebula have seldom been see anywhere else in the universe. In the
next half of this report we will examine how to create cold atom in laboratories.
Resent laboratory experiments in creating cold atoms heavily resemble the processes and
steps that occur in their manufacturing in the Boomerang Nebula. In fact, the similarities are
so close that in explaining the laboratory experiment direct analogies and references will be
made to the cold atoms production systems in the Boomerang nebula and your newly
acquired knowledge of it. We begin with a description of the experiments setup. One, an
outer molybdenum cylinder with an inner copper cylinder filled with hot liquid Sodium is
placed at the end of a Zeeman slower. At the other end of the Zeeman slower is an ultrahigh
vacuumed chamber. The chamber has integrated laser traps and electromagnets.
In the experiment, the hot liquid Sodium (Na
2
) is pooled and reservoired in a copper cylinder.
Inside this cylinder, the liquid Sodium is drawn up a gold platted stainless-steel wire mesh,
7
Though the Compton Effect can ionize valence electrons in the Carbon Monoxide molecule the bonding
pairs in the triple of double bonds of the molecule are very strong and are often not broken by the high
energy level radiation in the interstellar medium of nebulae. The ionized CO molecules can then receive a
recoil from their ejected electrons instead of an ejected photon. This cools their internal energy and may
also cool their overall thermal energy if the recoil is in the opposite direction of the molecules outward
motion.
20
(called the candlestick) guiding them to the emission hole of the outer molybdenum cylinder.
Once there the Sodium molecules are vaporized
8
and funneled into an intense jet of particles
with an average velocity of 700 m/s (2,520 km/h). This is directly reminiscent of the Carbon
atoms of the Boomerang nebula being emitted from the surface of the Carbon White Dwarf
star. Ejected from the molybdenum cylinder, the molecular jet is hit head on by a laser beam
as it enters the Zeeman slower, slowing them down to around 50 m/s (180 km/h). Once in the
Zeeman slower (a long tubular device composed of an array of electromagnets. It acts as an
external magnetic field exerting device to the particles that pass through it) the molecules are
magnetically aligned due to their paramagnetic properties of Sodium molecules. This lowers
the rotational and vibrational energies of the Sodium molecules just as the effect of the
Hydrogen and Helium gases expanded with Carbon Monoxide had on the Carbon Monoxide
molecules in the Boomerang Nebula. The Zeeman slower also allows the electron orbitals of
the Sodium molecule to split into more distinct levels. This allows more of the anti-parallel
laser beams photons to be absorbed by more electrons within the Sodium molecule. This
faster rate of absorption allows fast rates of cooling due to the multiple photon absorption
kicks the molecule receives.
The Sodium atoms then exit the Zeeman slower (they are still being hit by laser light) and
enter the ultrahigh vacuum chamber. Inside the chamber the molecules are then caught in
three counter-propagating yellow light laser beams. These laser beams are arranged along the
three principle coordinate axes (x, y, and z). The yellow laser light from them is just below
the resonance frequency of Sodium so, when the Sodium molecules pass through them, they
absorb the Doppler shifted yellow light photons. The molecules are than trapped by the laser
them (at their origin) at a temperature of about 50 billionths of a degree above absolute
zero. This process is almost identical to the Carbon Monoxide molecules in the Boomerang
Nebula cooling due to their absorption of isotropic Cosmic Background Radiation.
At this time the laser lights are turned off and the four electromagnets within the ultrahigh
vacuum chamber are turned on. The magnets serve as a containment means for the cold
Sodium atoms during the next stage of cooling. Here a Radio wave frequency field is swept
through the chamber kicking off any fast moving Sodium molecules in the sample. The
frequency field undergoes carefully ordered shifts in its frequency. This allows the scientists
to kick off Sodium molecules with specific temperature ranges by allowing them to absorb
the right photons and be removed from the sample and out of the chamber. This process is
effectively forced evaporation and cools the samples temperature even further, to around
500 billionths of a degree above absolute zero. This process can be mirrored in the
Boomerang Nebula. It would require either the high energy level or the medium level
photons (i.e. the Visible light spectrum) in the outer regions of the nebula kicking the Carbon
Monoxide molecules further out into space while the Carbon Monoxide molecules interacted
with the stars magnetosphere. This effect has been seen in the Boomerang Nebula in the form
huge loops within the ultracold interstellar cloud along the NGC 40s heliopause
9
but since
the molecules with in the loops move along the magnetic field line, as apposed to being
trapped by them (like in the lab experiment), they do not add to the overall cooling process of
cold atoms manufacturing. Finally, once the sample has been manipulated to the scientists
8
A localized hot spot is created by a heater with a temperature of 623 K to insure high emission rates of the
Sodium atoms.
9
The heliopause is the outward bounds of a stars magnetic field in interstellar space. It is also the boundary
point for the star system. That is it is the point of isolation for stars and their environment (solar system)
from other celestial objects likes stars, nebulae, etc..
21
content, the average temperature of the Sodium molecules is 500 billionths of a degree above
absolute zero. That mans the Sodium molecules are moving with a velocity so low that their
de Broglie wavelength is comparable to the distances between neighboring atoms.
Cold atoms are a fascinating example of real world physical phenomenon that captivates and
astounds even the scientists who study them. But perhaps, one would wonder, whats the
relevance of cold atoms in some distant nebula or in some isolated laboratory to those out
side the scientific community? The answer is technology. The possibilities of cold atoms in
current and future technology enhancement are almost limitless, particularly in the area of
optical communications, where they can be use as light inhibiting diodes for supercomputing,
quantum cryptography, quantum-information processing, and optical delay lines
10
. Scientists
also hope they can be used as supermirrors in satellite telescopes. Such breakthroughs could
offer the technology industry economic leaps as well as give researcher new tools to further
their knowledge. And this fact, quite possibly, is cold atoms true contribution. That is,
regardless of the technological implications cold atoms may offer, their true impartation to
humanity is the insight they give in understanding the complex and, in the case of the
Boomerang Nebula, mesmerizing displays of the nature of the universe. Such insight, quite
frankly, is really cool.
1. Astronomy Picture of the Day. Nemiroff, Robert (MTU) and Bonnell, Jerry. Cold
Wind from the Boomerang Nebula. February 20, 2003.
< http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030220.html >.
2. "Anisotropy." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 24 Mar 2007, 21:45 UTC.
Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 18 Apr 2007
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anisotropy&oldid=117606793>.*
3. "Boomerang Nebula." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 8 Feb 2007, 01:26 UTC.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boomerang_Nebula&oldid=106462280>.
4. "Carbon monoxide." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 18 Apr 2007, 05:06 UTC.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carbon_monoxide&oldid=123733991>.
5. "Cosmic microwave background radiation." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 25
Mar 2007, 02:39 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 18 Apr 2007
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation&oldi
d=117666514>.
6. Duff, J. W.; Spectral Sciences, Inc., Burlington, Massachusetts. Sharma, R. D.;
Geophysics Directorate (GPOS), Phillips Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts.
Determination of the translational temperature of the high altitude terrestrial thermosphere
from the rotational distribution of the 5.3 m emission from NO(v=1). GEOPHYSICAL
RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 24, NO. 19, PAGES 24072410, 1997. 1997 American
Geophysical Union.
< http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1997/97GL02458.shtml >.
7. Eisberg, Robert Martin and Resnick, Robert. Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules,
Solids, Nuclei, and Particles (Hardcover). Zeeman Effect. pp 364Wiley, John & Sons,
Incorporated. February 1985.
10
These applications are due to cold atom condensates ability to have malleable opacity properties.
22
8. Elmegreen, Bruce G. A Prediction of Brown Dwarfs in Ultracold Molecular Gas.
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 522, Issue 2, pp. 915-920. 09/1999. APJ. (c) 1999: The
American Astronomical Society. 1999ApJ...522..915E.
< http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ApJ...522..915E >.
9. "Energy level." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 15 Apr 2007, 08:23 UTC.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Energy_level&oldid=122944679>.
10. Evans, N. J., II; Texas, University, Austin, Tex., Rubin, R. H.; California State
University, Fullerton, Calif.), Zuckerman, B.; Maryland, University, College Park, Md.. A
search for ultracold molecular gas in our Galaxy Astrophysical Journal, Part 1, vol. 239,
Aug. 1, 1980, p. 839-843. 08/1980. STI. 1980ApJ...239..839E.
< http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980ApJ...239..839E >.
11. Gordon, Perry Lee. Nucleosynthesis. 1005 Physics, Intro to Astronomy. Seab, C.
G. Department of Physics, University of New Orleans. November 13, 2003.
12. Gordon, Perry Lee. Synchrotron Radiation in Quark Stars (SRiQS). 1100 Physics,
Fun of Physics. Fenyves, Ervin. Department of Physics, University of Texas At Dallas.
October 27, 2006.
13. "Isotropy." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 8 Feb 2007, 21:29 UTC. Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc. 18 Apr 2007
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotropy&oldid=106673049>.
14. K. Lehtinen; Observatory, Thtitorninmki, PO Box 14, 00014, University of
Helsinki, Finland. J. L. Higdon; Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800, 9700 AV
Groningen, The Netherlands, Australia Telescope, Paul Wild Observatory, Locked Bag 194,
Narrabri, NSW, Australia. Centimeter wavelength continuum observations of young stellar
objects in the dark cloud DC 303.8-14.2 . Copyright ESO 2003. <
http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_base_ora&url=articles/aa/full/2003/05/aah103
8/aah1038.right.html&access=standard&Itemid=81 >.
15. "Liquid hydrogen." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 22 Mar 2007, 21:00 UTC.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liquid_hydrogen&oldid=117121695>.
16. McKay, Gordon; Physics Department, Harvard University. Taming Light with Cold
Atoms. www.physicsweb.org . http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/14/9/8
17. Physics Today Online. Goss Levi, Barbara. Hot Prospects for Ultracold Molecules.
2000 American Institute of Physics. < http://www.aip.org/pt/vol-53/iss-9/p46.html >.
18. "Rotational transition." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 31 Jan 2007, 09:32 UTC.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rotational_transition&oldid=104546137>.
19. "Rotational-vibrational coupling." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 15 Apr 2007,
18:30 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 18 Apr 2007
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rotational-
vibrational_coupling&oldid=123036216>.
20. "Second law of thermodynamics." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 16 Apr 2007,
10:45 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 18 Apr 2007
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_law_of_thermodynamics&oldid=123215
415>.
21. SHIMIZU F. O.; OSANO R. ; HIRATA T.; KAWAI K.; MINOH A. ; Sophia univ.,
fac. sci. technology, dep. physics, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102, JAPON. Rotational, vibrational
and translational temperatures for regular and sequence band transitions in waveguide CO[2]
laser. Japanese journal of applied physics (Jpn. j. appl. phys.) ISSN 0021-4922 CODEN
23
JJAPA5. 1994, vol. 33 (1), no12A, pp. 6564-6568 (15 ref.). Japanese journal of applied
physics, Tokyo, JAPON (1962) (Revue).
< http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3355961 >
22. Spaceref.com. February 20, 2003. SpaceRef Interactive Inc.. April 19, 2007.
< http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=755 >
23. "Vibrational transition." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 13 Jul 2006, 19:49 UTC.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vibrational_transition&oldid=63655055>.
24. "White dwarf." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 18 Apr 2007, 02:30 UTC.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_dwarf&oldid=123706459>.
25. White, Martin; Scott, Douglas. The Cosmic Microwave Background. February 10,
2000. < http://www.astro.ubc.ca/people/scott/cmb_intro.html >.
26. "Zeeman effect." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Apr 2007, 10:04 UTC.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zeeman_effect&oldid=123490040>.
Dost thou know the balancings of the clouds, the wondrous works of Him which is perfect in
knowledge? Job 37:16
24
PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS:
Real World Mathematical Modeling (RWMM)
of the Length of a 415 Mb File Saved on a CD-RW Compact Disc
[2011:12:21:20:16 UTC]
SUMMARY
A research paper mathematically uncoiling the Pit Track of a standard CD-RW, using the
Mathematical principles of Analytical Geometry, Surface Area and Integral Calculus to
calculate the length of a 415 Mega-Bit file saved on it.
ADDENDUM
The calculation of the length of an uncoiled little pecan roll is performed to verify the
accuracy of the methods mentioned above.
25
CONSTANS
GORDON
S
G O D
N
OF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
26
The other day I saved a 415 Mb file onto a CD-RW. After I saved it I looked at the disc and
could see were the Boolean data had been saved, and I wondered, How long is a 415 Mb file?
Is there a way I can uncoil the bits and measure them?...Yes. Its called Math!
First things first, lets measure the disc in metric units.
The large radius of the information saved on the disc is 4.8 cm (The total disc area is 5.9 cm
but we didnt fill the disc so well just use the radius of the actual data on the disc. So, for
maximum precision I am only measuring within the writeable/readable recording region of
the disc and only the part of this space that is filled. Note: The total disc radii lengths are, r =
2 cm and R = 6 cm.).). The small internal radius is 2.2 cm.
Next we find the total area of the writable/readable region of the disc. This is very easy,
particularly for those of you who have taken Geometry; we simply set up the equation so that
the writable/readable regions we want the area of are bounded between the two radii we have
measured. So we calculate the area of the large circle minus the area of the small circle:
2 2
2 1
r r A A
Circle Circle
t t =
This gives us our region of data. Plugging in the numbers yields:
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) | |
2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 1
177 . 57
1769863 . 57
2 . 2 8 . 4
2 . 2 8 . 4
cm A
cm A
cm cm A
cm cm A
A r r A A
disk
disk
disk
disk
Disk Circle Circle
=
=
=
=
= =
t
t t
t t
So thats the surface area. Now, lets find the length of the 415 Mb of data saved in that
surface area. The CD-RWs disc (and in fact all CDs) are written using Pits (grooves where
the actual file data is stored) and Lands (raised plateaus that separate the Pits Tracks. The Pit
Track the spiral of the Pits around the disc. They are wound together in very close
proximately or Pitch from each other. For a CD-RW the pitch, the distance between Pit
Tracks, is about 1.6 micrometers
( ) m
6
10 6 . 1

[1]
Therefore if we divide the surface area we
found by the average distance between the Pit Tracks that should give us the length of the
415 Mb Pit Track i.e.: the actual length of the file I saved on the disc.
First convert centimeters into micrometers:
m
m
m
cm
m
cm
4
6 2
10
1
10
1
10
1 =
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=

This means that the surface area of the data on the disc is:
( )
2 2 4
770 , 571 10 177 . 57 m m A
disk
= =
27
Now all we have to do to find the 415 MB datas length is to divide the Area of the data on
the disc by the width of the data spiral on the disc. (If the area of a circle equals the area of a
rectangle then;
W L A
disk
=
And that is exactly what Im doing here! Im setting them equal because Im taking an area
(the area of the 415 Mb data on the disc surface) and cutting it into a long continuous strip
(the Pit Track). It doesnt matter if the disc is circular and the strip Im cutting is
rectangular, if they are equal, they are equal. So then, if I know the Area
( )
2
770 , 571 m A
disk
=
and the strips width
( ) m W
6
10 6 . 1

=
, I can solve for the length
according to those parameters.)
km L
m L
m
m
m
m
L
W
A
L
Disk
357
25 . 356 , 357
10 6 . 1
57177 . 0
10 6 . 1
770 , 571
6
2
6
2
=
=

=
=
=

That means that the length of the Pit Track that stores the 415 MB file is 571 kilometers
long!!!!!!! Thats 222 miles!!!!! On one disc!!! Thats greater than the minimum orbital
distance of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Shuttles!!!!
[2]
We could have also integrated to find the length of the Pit Track. Just set up the integral of
the equation of the circumference of a circle:
r C t 2 =
To Get:
} }
= = rdr dr r I t t 2 2
Evaluated at the upper and lower bounds of 4.8 cm (or 48,000 micrometers) and 2.2 cm (or
22,000 micrometers) [2.2 cm is the radius of the distance from the CD-RWs central hole to
the recordable region of the disc and 4.8 cm is the radius of the 415 Mb file on the disc] and
then dividing that value by the Pitch width (1.6 micrometers). Doing this we get:
} }
= = rdr dr r I t t 2 2
28
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
6
2
6
2 2
000 , 48
000 , 22
2
1
2
2
000 , 48
000 , 22
2
1
2
2
000 , 48
000 , 22
2
000 , 48
000 , 22
2
000 , 48
000 , 22
2
000 , 48
000 , 22
2
000 , 48
0000 , 22
000 , 48
0000 , 22
571769863 . 0
182 . 0
0484 . 0 2304 . 0
10 000 , 22 10 000 , 48
000 , 22 000 , 48
2
1
2
2
1
2 2
2 2 2
m I
m I
m m I
m m I
m m r r I
r r r I
r r I
r rdr I
rdr rdr dr r I
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
=
=
=
=
= =
= =
= =
= =
= = =

}
} } }
t
t
t
t t
t t
t t
t t
t t t
Dividing this area by the Pit Track width gives:

km L
m L
m
m
m
L
W
A
L
Disk
357
1644 . 356 , 357
1644 . 356 , 357
10 6 . 1
571769863 . 0
6
2
=
=
=
=
=
357 kilo-meters!!! Or 222 miles!!! Thats (again) greater than the minimum orbital distance
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Shuttles!!
[2]
Obviously
this is a much more accurate value of, but either method works and gives us what we wanted,
the length of the 415 Mb files.
ADDENDUM
But now, I know what your thinking, Are you sure??? Lets check it using something we can
all see and touch and easily measure, a pecan roll. The pecan roll measures 1.2 inches in
radius or 3.048 cm with a 0.5 cm hole in the center and 0.5 cm dough thickness. How long is
the unrolled pecan roll? Do what we did before:
29
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) | |
| |
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 1
040304 . 9
25 . 0 290304 . 9
5 . 0 3.048
cm A
cm cm A
cm cm A
A r r A A
disk
disk
disk
Disk Circle Circle
t
t
t t
t t
=
=
=
= =
2
2
2840095263 . 0
40095263 . 28
m A
cm A
disk
disk
=
=
Find the Length:
m L
m L
m
m
m
m
L
W
A
L
Disk
57 . 0
5680190527 . 0
005 . 0
2840095263 . 0
10 5 . 0
10 2840095263 . 0
2
2
2 2
=
=
=

=
=
And see, the pecan roll has a

2
4 . 28 cm
surface area (about 8% of one square foot) and is
about
cm 9 . 56
long or 22 inches long!
[3]
[1] ^ Compact disc. (2013, May 1). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:42,
May 13, 2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compact_disc&oldid=552968652
[2] ^ Space Shuttle. (2013, June 4). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:18,
June 6, 2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle&oldid=558338263 ; Anthony R.
Curtis, editor@spacetoday.org. "Space Today Online Answers To Your Questions".
Spacetoday.org. Retrieved 2012-04-17. http://www.spacetoday.org/Questions/PolarSats.html
[3] ^ Square foot. (2013, May 7). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:21,
June 6, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Square_foot&oldid=553989084
Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? Declare, if thou hast
understanding. Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? Or who hath stretched
the line upon it? Job 38: 4-5
30
U.R.I. [2013]:
of the Phenomenology of the Russian Meteorite of 2013
[Pressure Dynamics]
[2013:02:15:23:12 UTC]
SUMMARY
A research paper mathematically dismantling the Chelyabinsk meteorite impact, using the
Physical principles of Chemistry, The Wien Law, The Stefan-Boltzmann Law, Plasma
Physics and the Thermal Dynamics of Ideal Gases to calculate the temperature, emissive
power and pressure exerted on the meteorite at the moment of its in atmosphere explosion.
ADDENDUM
A discussion of the meteorites plasma envelope Drag Force, Coronal Discharge and Electron
Avalanche, as source for the destructive shockwave generated.
31
CONSTANS
GORDON
S
G O D
N
OF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
32
Look! Up in the sky! Its a bird! Its a plane! No its a METEORITE!!!!!!
We all saw the videos of the Russian Meteorite, I am comically naming U.R.I [2013]
(Unexpected Russian Impact of 2013) It was awesome, It was traveling at 33,000 miles per
hour, weighed 10 tons and exploded 20 miles above the Earths Surface with force of an
atomic bomb. But I have a question, why do meteorites always blow up when they enter the
Earths atmosphere? Lets find out.
The first thing you have to remember is that meteorites are frozen rocks floating in outer
space. They are made of the same chemicals that rocks on Earth are made of, Silicon,
Oxygen, Carbon and contain dissolved gases such as Water
( ) O H
2
Nitrogen and Oxygen.
The first step to figuring out why U.R.I exploded is to find its temperature. I know what your
thinking, How do we find the temperature of a meteorite? Well, we dont. We dont need
U.R.I.s temperature, we all ready know it, hes frozen from drifting through outer space hes
around -250 degrees Fahrenheit (116.48 Kelvin) What we are looking for is the temperature
of the plasma that the meteorite generates as it enters the atmosphere. This is easy. We just
use the Wien displacement Law to find its temperature based on its maximum wavelength of
electromagnetic emissions, (basically were going to look at how bright it glowed and what
color it was as it burned up in the sky)
Watching video of it, (specifically the one I posted with this note) the peek wavelength
appears to be in the green-yellow region of the visible spectrum. That would correspond to a
wavelength of 500 nanometers
( ) m
9
10 500

so lets use the Wien Law to calculate how hot

the plasma is:
C T
Max
=
Where C is the Wien Constant of
K - m 10 x 2.897
-3
Plugging in our numbers and solving for T we get:
K 5794
10 500
K - m 10 x 2.897
T
10 500
K - m 10 x 2.897
T
K - m 10 x 2.897 10 500
K - m 10 x 2.897
9
3 -
9
3 -
3 - 9
3 -
=

=

=
=
=
=
T
T m
T m
T m
T
C T
Max
Max
This means that the plasma temperature at about as hot the surface of the sun!
[1]
33
Now that we know the temperature of the plasma lets find out how much heat the plasma
radiates per second. Thisll tell us how fast the meteorite is being heated. To do that we use
the Stefan-Boltzmann Law:
4
T S o =
Where
o
is the Stefan-Boltzmann Constant of
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
4 2
8 -
K ) (m
W 10 x 5.670
.
Let Plug in our numbers and calculate the rate of heat energy being emitted by the plasma per
second per square meter.
( )
( )
( )

m
W
10 6.3284 S

m
W
284,071.5 63, S
K 5794
K ) (m
W 10 x 5.670
K ) (m
W 10 x 5.670
2
7
2
4
4 2
8 -
4
4 2
8 -
4
=
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
=
S
T S
T S o
Now U.R.I. was about the size of a five story building or about 40 feet wide (12.192
meters).
[2]
And the surface area of a sphere of 12.192 meters diameter is:
( )
2
2
2
2
60 . 76 A
096 . 6 4 A
2
d
4 A
r 4 A
m
m
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
=
t
t
t
So then total energy output of the plasma around U.R.I. is:
( )
W 10 4.847
W 788 4,847,538,

m
W
10 6.3284 60 . 76
9
2
7 2
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
=
Total
Total
Total
Total
E
E
m E
S A E
4.8 Gigawatts! Thats two Hoover Dams!
[3]
34
U.R.I. only spent about one second in the atmosphere. And in that time, the cold meteorite
was a heat sink for half the heat energy of the plasma so thats 2.4 GW that the meteorite
absorbed. Now, know that all meteorites, just like rocks on earth start off as magma and
magma always have dissolved gases in it. I wonder what happens when you heat cold gases
with 2.4 GW of energy in one second. Lets find out using the Ideal Gas Law:
nRT PV =
Where P is the pressure of the gas in Pascals.
V is the Volume of U.R.I. given by the volume of a sphere
3 3
2 . 153
3
4
m r = t
N is the number
of moles (the sum of the atomic masses of the atoms that make up the meteorite (Silicon,
Carbon and Oxygen. Their total atomic mass is:
mol 56.0949 15.9994 12.011 28.0855 = + +
)
R is the Ideal Gas Constant of
mol K
J
314 . 8
.
And T is temperature in Kelvin (And since so much energy is made in such a short amount of
time, lets assume that the dissolved gas in the meteorite and the plasma reach the same
temperature before the meteorites explodes.) so
K 5794 = T
Plugging in our numbers and solving for P gives us the pressure:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
3
4
3
3
3
m
J
10 1.764
m
J
75 17,638.153
2 . 153
K 5794 314 . 8 56.0949mol
K 5794 314 . 8 56.0949mol 2 . 153
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
=
P
P
m
mol K
J
P
mol K
J
m P
nRT PV
Now these units describe an energy density. Its basically potential (i.e. storage energy) but it
is synonymous to pressure so we can use it. But just to make sure, let check:
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
3
m
J
Where
2
2
s
m kg
J

=
so,
35
] 4 [
2 2 3 2
2
3
2
2
3
m
J
Pascal
s m
kg
m s
kg
m s
m kg
m
s
m kg
=
=
Or,
Pascal 10 1.764
m
J
10 1.764
m
J
75 17,638.153
4
3
4
3
=
=
=
P
P
P
This means that the pressure of the gases inside U.R.I. was about 17,640 Pascals! Thats
around the pressure generated in a shockwave from nuclear bomb detonation!
[5]
ADDENDUM: [2013:02:22:21:51 UTC]
The above calculations are only concerned with what the meteorite itself actually
experiences. The 2.4 Gigawatts (half of the 4.8 Gigawatts that the are overall generated by
the plasma) emitted into the stone, superheat it and the dissolved gases within, such that the
gases vent themselves out of the molten/stony meteorite and thereby fracture it into smaller
pieces. (Thats what I was explaining.) It must be clarified that the other remaining 2.4
Gigawatts that are emitted into the Earths atmosphere are what injured 1000 Russian 20
miles below the meteorite. The phenomenology of this is very interesting.
1.) Remember that U.R.I. was traveling at 33,000 miles per hour that, at Standard
Temperature and pressure in the upper Troposphere, is around Mach 42.85 or Mach 43 or 43
times the speed of sound! This velocity in atmosphere generated a sonic boom at could be
heard on the ground 20 miles away!
2.) The high energy plasma around the meteorite generates something called Corona
Discharge. This is the ionization of the surrounding air by the electric fields of the plasma, as
an attempt to reduce the Drag Force the meteorite encounters in the atmosphere, by releasing
energy from the plasma into its surroundings. This Corona Discharge generates sound waves
that we know as the hum of electrical power lines. For the meteorite U.R.I., this sound would
have been very loud and is the sound that one would hear if they were traveling at the same
speed as the meteorite along side it. It was this phenomenon that facilitated the plasmas 2.4
Gigawatt energy to be released as a shock wave. Heres how:
The Corona Discharge ionizes the air around the plasma causing it to dissociate into free
electrons and positively charged ions. The electrons move toward the plasma and the ions are
thereby repelled by the Coulomb force of the electrons away from the meteorite. This
steamrolls into what is called an Electron Avalanche, literally all the air molecules around
U.R.I. had their electrons ripped away and their ions repelled outward with such force that is
generated a shock wave much the same way that a lightning bolt generates thunder, but in
36
U.R.I.s case this thunderbolt had the strength of an atomic bomb! It is this event that did the
damage to Siberia.
[1] ^ Orders of magnitude (temperature). (2013, March 29). In Wikipedia, The Free
Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:55, May 10, 2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(temperature)&oldid=54754
8578
[2] ^ Russian meteorite 1,000 times bigger than originally thought, Jeremy A. Kaplan,
FoxNews.com, Published February 19, 2013
http://www.foxnews.com/science/2013/02/19/russian-meteorite-1000-times-bigger-than-
originally-thought/#ixzz2SvG0qKe9
[3] ^ Orders of magnitude (power). (2013, May 7). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Retrieved 20:30, May 10, 2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(power)&oldid=553959322
[4] ^ Pascal (unit). (2013, April 30). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20:33,
May 10, 2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pascal_(unit)&oldid=552935001
[5] ^ Orders of magnitude (pressure). (2013, April 9). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(pressure)&oldid=5494289
85 ; ^ Zipf, Jr, R. Karl; Cashdollar, Kenneth. "Effects of blast pressure on structures and the
human body". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/pdfs/NIOSH-125/125-
ExplosionsandRefugeChambers.pdf
He telleth the number of the stars; He calleth them all by their names.
Psalm 147:4
37
CATASTROPHYSICS:
of the Phenomenology of the West, Texas Explosion
[Pressure Dynamics]
[2013:04:18:21:07 UTC]
SUMMARY
A research paper mathematically dismantling the West, Texas Fertilizer Plant explosion,
using the Physical principles of the Pauli Exclusion Principle, Degeneracy Pressure,
Chemistry, Thermal Dynamics Quantum State Multiplicity and Plasma Physics to calculate
the pressure inside the Ammonium Nitrate tanks at the moment of explosion.
38
CONSTANS
GORDON
S
G O D
N
OF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
39
The fertilizer plant explosion in West Texas registered as a 2.1 earthquake and was detected
as faraway as Dallas (80 miles north of West). But what exactly is an explosion? And why
are they so powerful? In order to answer those questions we have to get an understanding of
the thermal dynamics, electrodynamics and quantum mechanics of the event.
It must be understood how an explosion actually happens. An explosion [in this event] is the
sudden excitation of electrons from molecules due to the substance being heated to and
beyond its flash point. This causes free electrons and protons (the hydrogen in the
Ammonium molecules). These free charged particles create two conditions in the material:
1.) Plasma dynamics of a strong electric field.
2.) Invocation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle within contents under pressure. (All explosive
material are under pressure for a brief moment at their flash point whether or not they are
stored under pressure due to the rapid freedom of ionized particles inside the substance.)
THEORY
The Pauli Exclusion Principle and Degeneracy Pressure:
The material stored at the fertilizer plant in West, Texas was principally Ammonium Nitrate
) (
3 4
NO NH
[1]
. Ammonium Nitrate has a National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) rating of
class three reactive materials.
[2]
This means that heat or shock may detonate the material and
cause it to breakdown into Dinitrogen Oxide / Nitrous Oxide
) (
2
O N
and water
) (
2
O H
by
breaking the unstable Nitrogen and Hydrogen bonds in the Ammonium and Nitrogen and
Oxygen bonds in the Nitrate. The chemical reaction equation is:
) ( 2
2 2 3 4
O H O N NO NH +
As many as six electrons per molecule and four protons per molecule can be ionized at flash
point. (The overall charge of ionized Oxygen and Nitrogen atoms are negative and are still
considered but only in terms of electrodynamics and not quantum mechanics. This is because
the Oxygen and Nitrogen ions are much larger and heavier than the Hydrogen and electrons
and as a result are not as thermal excited.) These unbound electrons and Hydrogen atoms
are synonymous too and act like the addition of free high energy charged particles in the
substance. Adding particles without increasing the volume can forces particles into higher
energy quantum states but only if a pressure is exerted on the material. If no exterior pressure
is applied then the material itself exerts a force on its surroundings, called a resisting force.
This resisting force is due the electrons and protons of the Hydrogen nuclei obeying the Pauli
Exclusion Principle which states that no two fermions (electron, leptons or quarks (i.e.:
protons or hydrogen)) can occupy the same energy state at the same time.), meaning that the
free electrons and protons have an extremely high average velocity of momentum, since their
location is fairly certain (Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle dictates this), which lends itself
directly to a high average kinetic motion per particle or absolute temperature (In this case it is
actually called the electron temperature of a plasma and can be several orders of magnitude
higher that the ion temperature.). However, it must be stated that the thermal state or enthalpy
of the material is NOT the principal reason for the force of the explosion.
40
Thermal dynamically the enthalpy or total energy of the system at flash point is uncertain; in
that if you were to measure it the measured reading would be indecipherable (it would not
give any information about that is happening in the plasma. This is why we havent discussed
or calculated the temperature of the plasma yet in this because the temperature is pure none-
sense!) This is due the fact that the multiplicity, the permutations of possible energy states
arrangement with in the system (this directly lends itself to the notion of the Entropy of the
system) decreases as energy is added (This is normal for any Einstein solid or normal state of
matter). Before the moment of flash point the multiplicity and entropy of the system has
allowed the Ammonium Nitrate to absorb all the energy it can. At the flash point the
Ammonium Nitrate can no longer absorb any more energy from its environment and
dissociated into free electrons and protons in an attempt to lower its Entropy and become
more stable. This is the crux of Chemical Bond-Dissociation Energy. Here, the system is in
multiplicity equilibrium having an infinite temperature (Temperature means tendency to
capacitate or hold on to and store energy). If more energy is added to the system the
temperature has a negative value and a negative/infinite temperature systems always give up
energy to a finite/positive temperature systems, particularly in the case of ideal gases, which
is exactly what we have here since Ammonium Nitrate dissociated into free Hydrogen
protons and free electrons where the protons and electrons interact by their quantum spin
numbers. These quantum spin numbers are the energy states of the multiplicity states
mentioned before.
Therefore, when the Ammonium Nitrate is ignited the sudden dissociation of the electrons
and Hydrogen, in an attempt by the system to lower its Entropy, actually lowers the number
of available multiplicity states of the system causing its temperatures to reach and then
surpasses infinity capacity while actually approaching the conditions of a substance at an
infinite negative temperature state. (i.e. Low density Bose-Einstein Condensate.) (See what
we meant by the temperature of the plasma would be pure none-sense. It is fluctuating
between the two infinities; Infinite positive temperature and infinite negative temperature!)
This is why the temperature of the plasma is NOT the power of the explosion. To understand
where that power comes from we must consider the multiplicity of the protons at flash point
and how it causes degeneracy pressure.
The newly ionized protons and electrons have just lowered their multiplicity by dissociating
in order to lower their entropy. But in doing so, they have filled all possible multiplicity
states (their magnetic spin moments). While this works in lowering the materials entropy is
also means that all the protons and electrons, since protons and electrons are both 1/2 spin
integer particles, in the plasma are trying to occupy the same energy state, in the same place,
at the same time. This evokes the Pauli Exclusion Principle and results in a resisting force
being generated. This degeneracy pressure is tremendous and is what causes the explosion of
the Ammonium Nitrate in that the electron-proton plasma inside the substance has nowhere
to go, since none of the protons or electron wave functions (defined by Schrdingers
Equation) are allowed to overlap at high temperatures at low pressure conditions so the
contents pushes against its surroundings with extreme force and high thermal/kinetic energy.
CALCULATION
Lets calculate the electron degeneracy pressure of the free electrons and protons within the
Ammonium Nitrate: The equation:
[3]
41
3
5
3
2
3
5
3
20
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
e
p e
m m
h
P
t
* Particles are at non relativistic levels.
4
6
14152654 . 3
1725 . 0 725 . 1
10 672621777 . 1
10 10938291 . 9
10 62606957 . 6
3 3
27
31
34
=
=
= =
=
=
=
e
p
e
m
kg
cm
g
kg x m
kg x m
Js x h
Ration of the electron to protons = 6 / 4 (Six electron and four hydrogen atoms are ionized
from the Ammonium molecule of the Ammonium Nitrate. The electric charge of the Oxygen
and Nitrogen atoms is negligible due to their nuclei being mostly neutralized by their
remaining occupied electron shells.)
Plugging this in, we get:
3
5
3
2
3
5
3
20
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
e
p e
m m
h
P
t
( )
5
3
5
3
5
2 2
12
3
5
3
3
2
3
5
27 31
34
10 x 7 1.25162464
4
6
1725 . 0
3
10 672621777 . 1 10 10938291 . 9 20
10 62606957 . 6
m kgkg
kg s J
P
m
kg
kg x kg x
Js x
P
=
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|

=

t
DIMENSIONAL ANLYSIS
5
3
5
2 2
kgm
kg s J
Where
2
s
kgm
J =
so,
42
] 4 [
2
2
2
3
3
3
5
2
3
11
5
3
8
3
5
2
4 2
5
3
5
3
5
2
4
4 2
5
3
5
3
5
2
2
2
5
3
5
3
5
2 2
Pascal
ms
kg
m
s
kg
m
s
kg
m kg
s
kg
m kg
kg
s
m kg
m kgkg
kg s
s
m kg
m kgkg
kg s
s
kgm
m kgkg
kg s J
= =
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
Then,
TPa P
Pascal P
m kgkg
kg s J
P
12
12
5
3
5
3
5
2 2
12
10 x 1.25
10 x 7 1.25162464
10 x 7 1.25162464
=
=
=
1.25 Terapascal! This is greater that the pressure inside the Earths core!
[5]
This amount of force inside a non nuclear explosion may sound absurd but in reality the
electron degeneracy pressure of room temperate metal is usually on the order of
9
10
Pascal
or a few Gigapascals.
[6]
So, it would stand to reason that the degeneracy pressure in electron-
proton rich plasma should be much larger. Our answer is not only reasonable but probable
and accurate.
[All events happen in within one ten thousandths
( )
-5
10
of a second.]
[6]
[1] ^ Ammonium nitrate. (2013, April 24). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
22:20, May 2, 2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ammonium_nitrate&oldid=551990768
[2] ^ Chemistry Lab Basics, SparkCharts, SparkNotes, LLC. Barnes & Noble
[3] ^ Electron degeneracy pressure. (2013, April 15). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electron_degeneracy_pressure&oldid=550518271
; "Electron Degeneracy Pressure". Eric Weisstein's World of Physics. See Kardar, Mehran
(2007). Statistical physics of particles (1. publ. ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University
Press. ISBN 0521873428., eqn. 7.46.
[4] ^ SI derived unit. (2013, February 28). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
22:28, May 3, 2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SI_derived_unit&oldid=541325241; ^ Table 3
(Section 2.2.2), SI Brochure, International Bureau of Weights and Measures
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SI_derived_unit&oldid=541325241
[5] ^ Orders of magnitude (pressure). (2013, April 9). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
43
85 ; "Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) (Dziewonski & Anderson, 1981)".
Retrieved 2 January 2012. "363.850 GPa" http://geophysics.ou.edu/solid_earth/prem.html
[6] ^ An Introduction to Thermal Physics, David V. Schroeder, Weber State University,
Addison Wesley Longman, 2000 ISBN: 0-201-38027-7
Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom: and with all thy getting get
understanding. Proverbs 4:7
44
CATASTROPHYSICS:
of the Phenomenology of the West, Texas Explosion
[Electric Field Dynamics]
[2013:04:18:21:07 UTC]
SUMMARY
A research paper mathematically dismantling the West Texas Fertilizer Plant explosion,
using the Physical principles of Coulombs Law, Quantum Volume, Chemistry, Plasma
Physics and the De Broglie Wavelength to calculate the strength of the electric field created
inside the Ammonium Nitrate tanks at the moment of explosion.
45
CONSTANS
GORDON
S
G O D
N
OF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
46
Degeneracy pressure was not the only power the explosion in West Texas generated. The
plasma that was created when the Ammonium Nitrate exploded created its own electric field.
How powerful was that electric field? Lets find out.
THEORY
Electric Field:
The free electrons and protons in the Ammonium Nitrate at flash point generate a strong
electric field. It must be noted that the electric field generated is the superpositioned sum of
all the charge particles from each and every molecule of Ammonium Nitrate and since all the
material in the tank is Ammonium Nitrate and it completely dissociates. So lets calculate it:
CALCULATION
By Coulombs Law:
2
r
q q
F
p e
_
=
Where,
2
2
9
19 -
-19
m N
10 x 8.99
4
1
particles charged e between th distance the is r
C 10 5(35) 1.60217656
C 10 65(35) -1.6021765
C
q
q
o
p
e
= =
=
=
tc
_
Where
o
c
is the permittivity constant:
2
2
12 -
C
10 x 8.85
m N
o
= c
Plugging this in gives:
2
19 - 19 -
2
2
9
2
C 10 5(35) 1.60217656 C 10 5(35) 1.60217656 -
m N
10 x 8.99
r
C
F
r
q q
F
p e

=
=
_
Where r is the distance between the electron and protons in the plasma and is defined by the
quantum volume of the particles according to their energy. The amount of energy released by
47
the Ammonium Nitrate when it dissociates that leads to heating the plasma, but how?
Remember we said earlier that the temperature was pure non-sense. But there is a way to
quantitatively calculate the temperature of the plasma if we consider the Enthalpy of the
molecules. The Enthalpy of Formation for Ammonium Nitrate is
mol
kJ
6 . 365
[1]
so to find the
total amount of heat energy released when Ammonium Nitrate dissociates into plasma we
multiply the Enthalpy of Formation by the number of mols. So how do we find mols? Well,
there was 270 tons of Ammonium Nitrate at the West Texas fertilizer plant.
[2]
Converting that
to kilograms gives 270,000 kg and the molar mass of Ammonium nitrate is
mol
g
052 . 80
[3]
(or
mol
kg
080052 . 0
). Divide:
mol
1
10 (27) 6.02214129 equals and number Avogadros is mol Where
mol 675 3,372,807.
mol
kg
0.080052
270,000kg
23
=
= mol
MolarMass
Mass
Multiply this by the enthalpy of formation to get the total amount of energy released in the
dissociation of the molecules:
( )( ) J 10 x 1.23 J 10 x 6 1.23309848 mol / kJ 365.6 - mol 5 3372807.67
12 12
= =
J 10 x 1.23
12
is comparable to the amount of energy released when jet fuel is burned!
[4]
Now that we have the energy, we can us it to find the quantum volume of the electrons and
protons in the plasma:
3 3
2 2
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
mJ
h
mkT
h
v
Q
t t
Where:
kg x m
kg x m
Js x h
p
e
27
31
34
10 672621777 . 1
10 10938291 . 9
10 62606957 . 6
=
=
=
Then,
48
( )( )( )
3
25 -
3
12 31
34
10 x 6 2.45729025
J 10 x 1.23 10 10938291 . 9 4 3.14159265 2
10 62606957 . 6
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=

J kg
s J
v
kg x
Js x
v
Electron
Electron
Q
Q
For the electron and,
( )( )( )
3
21 -
3
12 27
34
10 x 7 6.46349152
J 10 x 1.23 10 672621777 . 1 4 3.14159265 2
10 62606957 . 6
Pr
Pr
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=

J kg
s J
v
kg x
Js x
v
oton
oton
Q
Q
For the protons.
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
3 3
3 3
3
J kg
s J
J kg
s J
Where
2
s
m kg
J

=
so,
3
3
3 3
3
6 3
6
6 6
3
6 3
6
6 6
3
6
6 3
6
6 3
3
3
6
6 3
3
2
3
3
3
2
Meters
s
m kg
s
m kg
s
m kg
s
m kg
s
m kg
s
s
m kg
s
m kg
kg
s
s
m kg
s
m kg
kg
s
s
m kg
=
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
Then,
3 25 -
3
25 -
10 x 6 2.45729025
10 x 6 2.45729025
m v
J kg
s J
v
Electron
Electron
Q
Q
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
49
And,
3 21 -
3
21 -
10 x 7 6.46349152
10 x 7 6.46349152
Pr
Pr
m v
J kg
s J
v
oton
oton
Q
Q
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
Taking the cube root of these volumes gives us the de Broglie wavelength of the particles and
we shall use their averages as the distance between the electrons and protons in the plasma.
m v
m v
m v
Electron
Electron
Electron
Q
Q
Q
9 -
3
9 -
3
3 3 -25
3
10 x 6.30
10 x 4 6.29732838
10 x 6 2.45729025
=
=
=
m
-9
10 x 6.30
is comparable to the diameter of carbon nanotubes!
[5]
And,
m v
m v
m v
oton
oton
oton
Q
Q
Q
7 -
3
7 -
3
3 3 -21
3
10 x 1.86
10 x 8 1.86275495
10 x 7 6.46349152
Pr
Pr
Pr
=
=
=
m
-7
10 x 1.86
is comparable to the wavelength of visible light!
[5]
Taking their averages gives:
r m A
m m
A
v v
A
oton Electron
Q Q
= =
+
=
+
=
8 -
7 - 9 -
10 x 9 9.62864120
2
10 x 8 1.86275495 10 x 4 6.29732838
2
Pr
Now back to finding the electric field. Remember,
CALCULATION
By Coulombs Law:
50
2
r
q q
F
p e
_
=
Where,
2
2
9
19 -
-19
m N
10 x 8.99
4
1
particles charged e between th distance the is r
C 10 5(35) 1.60217656
C 10 65(35) -1.6021765
C
q
q
o
p
e
= =
=
=
tc
_
Where
o
c
is the permittivity constant:
2
2
12 -
C
10 x 8.85
m N
o
= c
Plugging this in gives:
2
19 - 19 -
2
2
9
2
C 10 5(35) 1.60217656 C 10 5(35) 1.60217656 -
m N
10 x 8.99
r
C
F
r
q q
F
p e

=
=
_
Where r is
m
-8
10 x 9 9.62864120
so,
( )
N F
m
C
F
r
C
F
14 -
2
8 -
19 - 19 -
2
2
9
2
19 - 19 -
2
2
9
10 x 2 2.48914636
10 x 9 9.62864120
C 10 5(35) 1.60217656 C 10 5(35) 1.60217656 -
m N
10 x 8.99
C 10 5(35) 1.60217656 C 10 5(35) 1.60217656 -
m N
10 x 8.99
=

=
Plugging this into
q
F
E =
gives the strength of the electric field.
51
C
N
E
N
E
q
F
E
5
19 -
14 -
10 x 8 1.55360302
C 10 5(35) 1.60217656
10 x 2 2.48914636
=
=
=
Or,
m
V
m
V
E
5
5
10 x 1.55 E
10 x 8 1.55360302
=
=
m
V
5
10 x 1.55
is comparable to the minimum voltage of Ultra-High Voltage (UHV) power
transmission systems (electrical power stations)!
[6]
[All events happen in within one ten thousandths (10^-5) of a second.]
[7]
[1] ^ Inorganic Chemicals: Chemical Substances and Inorganic Chemicals, Ammonium
Nitrate. WordPress 2008 http://www.hillakomem.com/tag/ammonium-nitrate
[2] ^ Texas fertilizer plant had 1,350 times the amount of ammonium nitrate that would
normally raise red flags, Daily News, Daily News.com 2013
http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/texas-fertilizer-plant-massive-amounts-
unreported-ammonium-nitrate-article-1.1322766#ixzz2SGkwJ8ex
[3] ^ Ammonium nitrate. (2013, May 3). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
22:02, May 3, 2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ammonium_nitrate&oldid=553382907
[4] ^ Orders of magnitude (energy). (2013, April 22). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(energy)&oldid=551612480
[5] ^ Orders of magnitude (length). (2013, April 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(length)&oldid=549909364
; Flahaut, E.; Bacsa R, Peigney A, Laurent C. (2003). "Gram-Scale CCVD Synthesis of
Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes". Chemical Communications 12 (12): 14421443.
doi:10.1039/b301514a. PMID 12841282. Retrieved 2008-11-14. ; Spectral Color,
Hyperphysics.com, R. Nave. University of Georgia 2000 http://hyperphysics.phy-
astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/specol.html#c1
[6] ^ Orders of magnitude (voltage). (2013, January 16). In Wikipedia, The Free
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(voltage)&oldid=53333148
9 ; "Definitions: TUV". Bonneville Power Administration. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
52
Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom: and with all thy getting get
understanding. Proverbs 4:7
53
CATASTROPHYSICS:
of the Phenomenology of the Moore, Oklahoma Tornado
[Buoyancy Dynamics]
[2013:05:24:18:54 UTC]
SUMMARY
A research paper explaining meteorologically how tornados form using the Physical principle
of Archimedes Principle to calculate the Buoyancy Force of the Moore, Oklahoma tornado.
ADDENDUM
An alternate method for calculating the Moore, Oklahoma tornados Buoyancy Force using
the Atwoods method is given along with a comparison in the degree of accuracy between the
two techniques.
54
CONSTANS
GORDON
S
G O D
N
OF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
55
The Moore, Oklahoma tornado was a level five on the Enhanced Fujita (EF-5) tornado scale
with winds speeds over 200 miles per hour.
[1]
The Tornado was 1.3 miles wide at its base and
leveled entire neighborhoods.
[2]
But I have a question? Where does a tornados strength come
from?
METEOROLOGY
Before we begin lets map out the steps in tornado formation.
Tornadoes form at the boundary between warm, moist air masses and cold, dry air masses.
The cold air wedges under the warm air and forces it up into high regions of the atmosphere.
Once there the moister in the warm air condenses and forms clouds. If the updraft in the
warm air is quick enough and has sufficient moister a thunderstorm forms. As this warm air
rises the Coriolis Effect causes it to rotate as it spirals up. If the updraft is sustained and the
gradient between the warm air and the cold air is dynamic enough, this spiraling motion can
extend from the ground surface all the way up to the lower and middle reaches of the
thundercloud (approximately 2 miles up).
[3]
This spiraling of the warm air updraft at the
surface generates a suction force on the atmosphere above it, due to the whirling wind of the
updraft being centripetally forced outward by its angular velocity. This outward forcing of
the upward spiraling air creates a region of no buoyancy or a vacuum of low pressure at the
center. This region of no buoyancy at the center of the updraft can not support the cooler,
denser air above it. This cooler air sinks and flows down into the center of the up draft,
spiraling as it descends. This is the formation of the funnel cloud. When this cool air reaches
the surface it settles under the warm air (and its spiraling updraft) and fills the center of the
updraft expanding it. The expanding of the funnel cloud as more cold air descends displaces
more atmosphere, creating a buoyancy force that forces the warm air around the base of the
tornado up, but in doing so more warm surface air rushes in to fill the void. When more air
rushes in, the up draft spiral or angular velocity increases causes the suction force on the
cool, air inside the funnel to intensify, pulling more cold air down to ground level (expanding
the funnel cloud even more). As more cold air touches ground, more warm air is displaced
and forced up and replaced by inward spiraling winds. This continues until equilibrium
between cold air input and warm air output is reached and a stable tornado is formed.
BUOYANCY
It must be understood that the cold air in the funnel cloud, spiraling down to the ground is
displacing the warm air of the atmosphere around it. That is in fact what the funnel cloud is, a
balloon. The volume of air the funnel cloud displaces determines the Buoyancy Force that the
warm air spiraling up from the ground exerts around the funnel cloud.
CALCULATION
So lets calculate the Buoyancy Force on the warm surface air from the cold, suctioned air,
How; with Archimedes Principle.
g V B
Cold
=
Where;
56
is the density of the warm air

3
1644 . 1
m
kg
(
C
30 +
or
K 15 . 303
at ground level.)
[4]
g
is the Gravitational Acceleration of
2
81 . 9
s
m
Cold
V
is the volume of the air in the funnel cloud, given by the equation for the volume of a
cylinder:
h r V V
Cold Cylinder
2
t = =
Where;
r
is the radius of the funnel clouds base, 0.65 miles or 1046.0736 m
h
is the height of the funnel cloud, about 2 miles (approximately 10,000 ft) or 3218.688 m
Plugging this in we get,
( ) ( )
3
3 10
3
2 2
2
1 . 11
10 1065046340 . 1
340 , 046 , 065 , 11
688 . 3218 0736 . 1046
Gm V
m V
m V
m m h r V
h r V V
Cold
Cold
Cold
Cold
Cold Cylinder
=
=
=
= =
= =
t t
t
11.1 Giga-Cubic Meter! Thats ten times the volume of Lake Mead (Hoover Dam)!
[5]
Using
this volume, lets calculate the Buoyancy Force created by displacing this amount of air.
( )
2
11
2
2
3 10
3
10 0 2639341300 . 1
000 , 413 , 393 , 126
81 . 9 10 1065046340 . 1 1644 . 1
s
kgm
B
s
kgm
B
s
m
m
m
kg
B
g V B
Cold
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
=
( ) Newton
s
kgm
s
m
m
m
kg
= = |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2 2
3
3
Then,
57
GN B
or
s
kgm
B
s
kgm
B
130
10 0 2639341300 . 1
000 , 413 , 393 , 126
2
11
2
~
=
=
130 Giga-Newton is 10,000 times greater than the thrust from a Saturn V rocket at liftoff!
[6]

This is the actual force it takes to displace the volume of warm air around the tornado.
ADDENDUM
We could have also calculated the Buoyancy Force using the Atwoods equation for
Buoyancy as it relates to the mass (or in this case densities times volumes) of two objects
submerged in a fluid:
CALCULATION
V m
V gm
B
f
f
+
=
2
Where,
M is the density of the warm air (
3
1644 . 1
m
kg
) times the volume of the displaced air in the
funnel cloud (
3
340 , 046 , 065 , 11 m
),
is the density of the cold air (

3
3673 . 1
m
kg
)(
C
15
or
K 15 . 258
at an altitude of 3218.688 m above ground level.)
[4]
and
g
2
81 . 9
s
m
Plugging these in and solving we get,
( )( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 2
340 , 046 , 065 , 11 3673 . 1 340 , 046 , 065 , 11 1644 . 1
340 , 046 , 065 , 11 3673 . 1 340 , 046 , 065 , 11 1644 . 1 81 . 9 2
2
2
m
m
kg
m
m
kg
m
m
kg
m
m
kg
s
m
B
V V
V V g
B
V m
V gm
B
Displaced c Dispced w
Displaced c Dispced w
f
f
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
(
|
.
|
\
|
(
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
+
=
+
=

58
2
11
2
10 0 3652305850 . 1
500 , 058 , 523 , 136
s
kgm
B
s
kgm
B
=
=
( ) ( )
( )
Newton
s
kgm
kg s
m kg
kg
s
m kg
m
m
kg
m
m
kg
m
m
kg
m
m
kg
s
m
= |
.
|
\
|
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
(
|
.
|
\
|
(
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2 2
2 2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 2
2
1
2 2
Then,
2
11
2
10 0 3652305850 . 1
500 , 058 , 523 , 136
s
kgm
B
s
kgm
B
=
=
GN B
or
s
kgm
B
140
10 0 3652305850 . 1
2
11
~
=
140 Giga-Newton! Thats still on the order of a 10,000 times greater than the thrust from a
Saturn V rocket at liftoff!
[6]

DEGREE OF ACCURACY
95 . 0 947776986 . 0
500 , 058 , 523 , 136
300 , 632 , 659 , 128
2
2
~ = =
s
kgm
s
kgm
A
Buoyancy
There is almost 95% accuracy between these two ways of calculation the Buoyancy Force.
[1] ^ Enhanced Fujita scale. (2013, May 23). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enhanced_Fujita_scale&oldid=556464717
[2] ^ List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes. (2013, May 23). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_F5_and_EF5_tornadoes&oldid=55636684
0 ; "Public Information Statement". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office
Norman, OK. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
https://nwschat.weather.gov/p.php?pid=201305211953-KOUN-NOUS44-PNSOUN
59
[3] ^ Dust devil. (2013, May 18). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:07,
May 24, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dust_devil&oldid=555604089
[4] ^ Density of air. (2013, May 13). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:54,
May 24, 2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Density_of_air&oldid=554807132
[5] ^ Orders of magnitude (volume). (2013, February 28). In Wikipedia, The Free
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(volume)&oldid=54113819
8
[6] ^ Orders of magnitude (force). (2013, April 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(force)&oldid=551265693 ;
What Was the Saturn V?". NASA. Retrieved 21 January 2012. "The rocket generated 34.5
million newtons ... of thrust at launch"
http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/rocketry/home/what-was-the-saturn-v-58.html
The Lord hath His way in the whirlwind and in the storm, and the clouds are the dust of His
feet. Nahum 1:3
60
CATASTROPHYSICS:
of the Phenomenology of the Moore, Oklahoma Tornado
[Fluid Dynamics]
[2013:05:29:00:19 UTC]
SUMMARY
A research paper mathematically dismantling the Moore, Oklahoma tornado using the
Physical principles of the Buoyancy Force, Pascals Principle, Bernoullis Equation, The
Equation of Continuity and the Conservation of Mechanical Energy to calculate the gauge
pressure, absolute pressure, and wind speed of the tornado.
ADDENDUM
Mass Flow Rate is calculated with its degree of accuracy to prove that the Equation of
Continuity Principles hold as verification of the wind speed calculated.
61
CONSTANS
GORDON
S
G O D
N
OF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
62
The Moore, Oklahoma tornado was a level five on the Enhanced Fujita (EF-5) tornado scale
with winds speeds over 200 miles per hour.
[1]
The Tornado was 1.3 miles wide at its base and
leveled entire neighborhoods.
[2]
But I have a question: Why do tornados have such strong
winds? To answer this question we have to gain an understanding in the field of Physics
called Fluid Dynamics.
FLUID DYNAMICS
At the start of a tornados formation, the warm air updraft creates a region of no buoyancy or
a vacuum of low pressure. This region of no buoyancy creates a suction force that pulls the
cooler air above the updraft down. This cool air spirals down filling that vacancy at the center
of the updrafts spiral. Once this cold air descends if settles under the updraft and exerts a
force on it (i.e.: the atmosphere around and above the cold settled air.) This Buoyancy Force
increases as more cold air descends into the funnel cloud; the more cold air in the funnel
cloud, the more warm air is displaced, the more Buoyancy Force generated that lifts the
warm air up until equilibrium is reach between the inward and upward spiraling warm air and
the downward and outward spiraling cold air. But theres a discrepancy. The Buoyancy Force
is determined by the weight of the displaced air. But the cold air weighs more than the warm
air. So, for every unit volume of cold air that fills the funnel cloud, more volume of warm air
is displaced and equilibrium is broken and this imbalance causes an interesting phenomena.
THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY
In Fluid Dynamics the Equation of Continuity relates the cross sectional area that a fluid
flows through as it enters a region to the cross sectional area that the fluid flows through as it
exits a region. [We are taking both the warm moist air and the dry cold air to be Ideal fluids
having incompressible flow and zero viscosity and therefore the density of the fluids do not
change as the flow and no internal or external friction forces are created during the fluids
motion.] This means that the amount of air that descend and leaves the funnel cloud on the
ground must equal the amount of air spiraling in and up around the funnel cloud. But the
discrepancy of the cold and warm air density means that the inward flowing warm air moves
more volume then the outward flowing air. [ATTENTION!: A tornado strengthens when ever
the ratio of cold air to warm air densities causes a discrepancy in the flow rate in the amount
of input to output air displaced.] This causes the base of the funnel cloud where the cold air
emerges to get bottled off due to the pressure of the rushing warm air around it. This pressure
restricts the flow of the cold air, causing it to pass through smaller and smaller area. The
result is that the cold air stacks up and expands the funnel cloud until the internal pressure
equals the external. During this expansion of the funnel cloud the warm air still spirals up,
since its motion is due to the Buoyancy Force. In fact, since the warm airs motion is dictated
by buoyancy and buoyancy is determined by the volume of air that the funnel cloud
displaces, the warm airs wind speed increases during the time of un-equilibration.
Balance is reached when the cold airs funnel pressure can force the same volume (and
thereby mass) of air out of the tornado at the same rate that the Buoyancy Forces wraps air
around the tornado. In order to do this the property of fluids commands that the fluid flow
faster at the base of the funnel and slower around the funnel. (REMEMBER: The Equation of
Continuity involves both regions of flow, both the input and the output. So, changing the rate
at one end; means changing it at the other too, and here the input ends happen to be at the
same place, the base of the funnel cloud.) So, the unbalance of warm air input restricts the
63
cold air output and as a result the funnel cloud expands (This actually translates to an
increase in internal pressure) and widens as the funnel ground level output rate lessens. And
yes, the wider funnel creates more Buoyancy Force for the out flow to overcome but the
increase in pressure does something new. The wide funnel, in Fluid Dynamics, translates to
an area of high pressure and slow velocity. The narrow bottled off output area at the base
of the funnel cloud translates to low pressure and high velocity. At the base, equilibrium of
flow rate is achieved; the cold funnel air velocity is so high that it can force its way out
against the warm air swirling around it. But what is that cold funnel air pressure lets find
out.
HYDRAULICS
The Equation of Continuity equates the rate of volume (or mass) that enters a region to the
rate that exits it. But here, because the cold air leaving the funnel clouds base is restricted by
the warm air around it, the cold funnel air experiences a pressure on it. This pressure within
the funnel cloud can be mathematically modeled as a piston pushing fluid out of a cylinder.
Here the pistons mechanical force comes from the Force of Gravity acting on the cold air
inside the funnel. Gravity forces this air out of the small opening, the partially blocked off
funnel wall cloud. To find the force acting on the fluid we use Pascals Principle:
gh P P
Gravity
+ =
Where,
Cold
is the density of the cold air (

3
3673 . 1
m
kg
)
g
2
81 . 9
s
m
.
h
And
Gravity
P
is the pressure of the Gravitational Force on the cold air dived by the area it is
applied through. That area is area of the circular bottom of the funnel cloud given by:
2
r A t =
Where,
r
This gives:
64
( )
2
2 6
2
2
2
438 , 3
10 43775052 . 3
52 . 750 , 437 , 3
0736 . 1046
km A
Or
m A
m A
m A
r A
=
=
=
=
=
t
t
3,438 kilometers is just over one square mile.!
[3]
Dividing the Force of Gravity on the cold air
by this gives the pressure exerted on the cold air due to gravity;
A
F
P =
So whats the Force of gravity on the cold air? Did you realize that the weight of the cold air
is just like the Buoyancy Force we calculated in the previous research paper;
B mg F
Gravity
= =
Where,
M is the mass of the air given by density time volume (
V
Cold
)
g V B
Cold
=
Where;
is the density of the cold air

3
3673 . 1
m
kg
(
C
15
or
K 15 . 258
at an altitude of 3218.688
m above ground level.)
[4]
g
2
81 . 9
s
m
Cold
V
is the volume of the air in the funnel cloud, given by the equation for the volume of a
cylinder:
h r V V
Cold Cylinder
2
t = =
Where;
r
h
Plugging this in we get,
65
( ) ( )
3
3 10
3
2 2
2
1 . 11
10 1065046340 . 1
340 , 046 , 065 , 11
688 . 3218 0736 . 1046
Gm V
m V
m V
m m h r V
h r V V
Cold
Cold
Cold
Cold
Cold Cylinder
=
=
=
= =
= =
t t
t
11.1 Giga-Cubic Meter! Thats ten times the volume of Lake Mead (Hoover Dam)!
[5]
Using
this volume, lets calculate the Gravitational Force exerted on this amount of air.
( )
2
11
2
2
3 10
3
10 400 1.48417823
3,400 148,417,82
81 . 9 10 1065046340 . 1 1644 . 1
s
kgm
B
s
kgm
B
s
m
m
m
kg
B
g V B
Cold
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
=
( ) Newton
s
kgm
s
m
m
m
kg
= = |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2 2
3
3
Then,
GN B
or
s
kgm
B
s
kgm
B
150
10 400 1.48417823
3,400 148,417,82
2
11
2
~
=
=
150 Giga-Newton is 10,000 times greater than the thrust from a Saturn V rocket at liftoff!
[6]

Returning to the pressure we calculate;
A
F
P =
66
2 2
2
2
9477 . 172 , 43
52 . 750 , 437 , 3
3,400 148,417,82
s m
kgm
P
m
s
kgm
P
A
B
P
=
=
=
Pascal
ms
kg
s m
kgm
= =
2 2 2
Then,
kPa P
or
ms
kg
P
ms
kg
P
s m
kgm
P
2 . 43
10 1729477 . 43
9477 . 172 , 43
9477 . 172 , 43
2
4
2
2 2
=
=
=
=
43.2 kilo-Pascal! Thats on the order of long-duration blast overpressure generated in large-
scale explosions capable of collapsing buildings and the pressure inside High Velocity Low
pressure paint spray guns!!
[7]
This is the gauge pressure or the pressure that the weight of the
cold air in the funnel cloud exerts on itself.
Plugging this pressure and all the other values in to the Pascal Principle gives,
( )
( ) m
s
m
m
kg
P
s
m
m
kg
ms
kg
P
gh P P
Gravity
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
+ =
2 3
2 3 2
89543 . 345 , 86
m 3218.688 81 . 9 3673 . 1 9477 . 172 , 43

( ) Pascal
ms
kg
m
s
m
m
kg
= = |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2 2 3
Then,
67
( )
kPa P
or
ms
kg
P
ms
kg
P
m
s
m
m
kg
P
3 . 86
,
10 34589543 . 86
89543 . 345 , 86
89543 . 345 , 86
2
4
2
2 3
=
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
86.3 kilo-Pascal! Thats still on the order of long-duration blast overpressure generated in
large-scale explosions capable of collapsing buildings and the pressure inside High Velocity
Low pressure paint spray guns!! And it almost ties the Record Low Atmospheric Pressure set
by Typhoon Tip (1979)
[7]
This is the absolute pressure on the air or the pressure it takes to
push the cold air out of the funnel cloud at ground level against the warm air around it. Using
this we can find the velocity of the cold air as it leaves the funnel. How? With Bernoullis
Equation:
BERNOULLIS EQUATION
This is expressed as:
gh v P gh v P
Warm Warm Warm Warm Cold Cold Cold Cold
+ + = + +
2 2
2
1
2
1
Where:
Cold
P
and
Warm
P
are the pressures on the cold funnel air and the warm outside air, respectively.
Cold
and
Warm
are the densities of the cold air (

3
3673 . 1
m
kg
) and the density of warm air
3
1644 . 1
m
kg
, respectively.
Cold
v
are
Warm
v
the velocities of the cold and hot air.
g
2
81 . 9
s
m
.
And
h
is the height of the funnel cloud, about 2 miles (approximately 10,000 ft) or 3218.688
m
Plugging these variables in and solving for v would give us our mathematical answer, but it
wouldnt give us any understanding of Physics (which is why were here.) If we take a
moment and look at what we have to work with, the equation simplifies a lot if we
understand that the
gh P
Cold Cold
+
and the
gh P
Warm Warm
+
expressions are just the Pascals
Principle we just calculated and that since the Buoyancy Force and densities on the warm and
68
cold air are on the same orders of magnitude the two terms pretty much cancel each other out.
Leaving a simplified equation:
2 2
2
1
2
1
Warm Warm Cold Cold
v v =
Solving for v gives,
Cold
Warm Warm
Cold
v
v
2
=
But first we need an expression for the velocity of the warm air. How?
THE CONSERAVTION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
Did you notice that only conservative forces act on the air in a tornado, both inside the funnel
and out side, with the exclusion of pressure. That conservative force is Gravity. Therefore we
can use the Conservation of Mechanical Energy, an expression of the Kinetic Energy (KE),
Potential Energy (PE) and the Internal Energies (IE; The Buoyancy Force times the height (
h B
) for work done by the warm air on the cold air in the funnel cloud, for internal energy
of the funnel cloud), to find the wind speed of the warm air [Setting the total work (W) done
equal to zero.]
Converting to Fluid Dynamics Notation gives,
Bh Vgh Vv W
Bh mgh mv W
Warm Warm
+ =
+ =

2
2
2
1
2
1
Setting W=0 and solving for v gives:
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
+ =
+ =
V
Bh Vgh
v
Bh Vgh Vv
Bh Vgh Vv W
Warm
Warm
Warm
Warm Warm
Warm Warm

2
2
1
0
2
1
2
2
69
Bh mgh mv W
IE PE KE W
+ =
+ =
2
2
1
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
14
2
2
14
3
3
2 2 3
5
14
3
3
2 3
5
14
3
3
2
3
3
9008161 . 104
340 , 046 , 065 , 11 1644 . 1
10 797021473 . 4 10 068209617 . 4
2
340 , 046 , 065 , 11 1644 . 1
3218.688m 3,400 148,417,82 10 068209617 . 4
2
340 , 046 , 065 , 11 1644 . 1
10 068209617 . 4
2
340 , 046 , 065 , 11 1644 . 1
3218.688m 81 . 9 340 , 046 , 065 , 11 1644 . 1
2
m
m
kg
s
kgm
v
m
m
kg
s
kgm
s
kgm
v
m
m
kg
s
kgm
s m
kgm
v
m
m
kg
Bh
s m
kgm
v
m
m
kg
Bh
s
m
m
m
kg
v
Warm
Warm
Warm
Warm
Warm
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
(
(
(
(
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
(
(
(
(
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
(
(
(
(
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
(
(
(
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
( )
( )
Velocity
s
m
s
m
kgs
kgm
kg
s
kgm
m
m
kg
s
kgm
= = = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
Then,
( )
3
3
2
2
9008161 . 104
m
m
kg
s
kgm
v
Warm
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
70
s
m
v 9008161 . 104 =
104 meters per second! Thats about 230 Miles per hour! Thats the maximum speed of a
Ferrari F50 GT1!
[8]
[The warm air only reaches this velocity at the funnel wall. It does not
move this fast at great distance from the tornado.] Plug this back into the equation for the
cold air velocity and we get:
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
=
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
80505998 . 96
3673 . 1
9008161 . 104 1644 . 1
m
kg
s
m
m
kg
v
m
kg
s
m
m
kg
v
v
v
Cold
Cold
Cold
Warm Warm
Cold
Velocity
s
m
s
m
m
kg
s
m
m
kg
m
kg
s
m
m
kg
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2
2
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
Then,
s
m
v
Or
s
m
v
m
kg
s
m
m
kg
v
Cold
Cold
Cold
8 . 96
,
80505998 . 96
80505998 . 96
3
2
3
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
71
96.8 meters per second! Thats about 209 miles per hour! Thats right in the range of an
Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF-5) level 5 tornado (An F-4 tornado on the original Fujita
Scale.)
[1][9]

ADDENDUM
I know what your thinking, Why does the warm air move faster than the cold air? Remember,
the warm air is less dense (i.e.: weighs less) than the cold air and that the Buoyancy Force
displaces. So, think of it this way, whats easier to push; Something heavy or something
light? Apply the same force to both and the lighter one always move easier (and often,
faster). But just so we all agree, lets check our answer.
The Equation of Continuity states that the volume (or mass) flow rate at the input must equal
the volume flow rate at the output. So to confirm out answers (and since the density of the
warm and cold air are the main factors here) lets use the Equation of Continuity to make sure
the amount of material leaving the funnel cloud equals the amount of material pulled up by it
in terms of mass.
Warm Warm Cold Cold Mass
Av Av R = =
Where,
Cold
A
is the area cold funnel air passes through. At equilibrium the least amount of pressure
on this barrier (The Threshold Pressure) before any amount of cold air can even begin to flow
out of the funnel cloud is the Gauge pressure we calculated earlier. This means that the gauge
pressure is the same on both sides; for the cold and warm air. Therefore, we can set them
equal to each other and solve for the area that the cold air passes through (Using the Weight
of the cold air for the Buoyancy Force of the cold air Force variable):
Warm Warm Cold Cold Warm cold
Warm Warm Cold Cold Warm cold
A B A B P P
A F A F P P
= = =
= = =
Solving for
Cold
A
gives:
Cold
Warm Warm
Cold
B
A B
A =
Plugging in and solving gives;
72
( )
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
2
2
2
2
748 2,927,606.
3,400 148,417,82
52 . 750 , 437 , 3 000 , 413 , 393 , 126
s
kgm
m
s
kgm
A
s
kgm
m
s
kgm
A
Cold
Cold
( )
Area m
kgm
s
s
kgm
s
kgm
s
kgm
s
kgm
m
s
kgm
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2
2 3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
Then,
( )
2
2
2 6
2
2
2
2
km 2,927
,
Mm 2.9
,
m 10 8 2.92760674
748m 2,927,606.
748 2,927,606.
~
~
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
Cold
Cold
Cold
Cold
Cold
A
Or
A
Or
A
A
s
kgm
m
s
kgm
A
2,927 square kilo-meters! Thats the area of the Main Financial District of London called
City of London!
[3]
Using this area and plugging in our values for these variables in to the
Equation of Continuity gives;
Warm Warm Cold Cold
Mass
Cold
Av Av R = =
73
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
m
kg
s
m
m
m
kg
R
s
m
m
m
kg
s
m
m
kg
R
Mass
Warm
Mass
Cold
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2 . 229 , 909 , 419 9008161 . 104 52 . 750 , 437 , 3 1644 . 1
8 . 591 , 502 , 387 80505998 . 96 748m 2,927,606. 3673 . 1
( ) e MasFlowRat
s
kg
s
m
m
kg
s
m
m
m
kg
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
3
3
2
3
Then,
( )
( )
s
kg
s
m
m
m
kg
R
s
kg
s
m
m
m
kg
R
Mass
Warm
Mass
Cold
2 . 229 , 909 , 419 9 . 559 , 766 , 425
8 . 591 , 502 , 387 6 . 726 , 276 , 391
2
3
2
3
= |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
= |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
==
DEGREE OF ACCURACY
92 . 0 0.92282466
9 . 559 , 766 , 425
6 . 726 , 276 , 391
~ = =
s
kg
s
kg
A
Buoyancy
There is 92% accuracy between the two flow rates. The difference is
s
kg
s
kg
s
kg
.39 32,406,637 8 . 591 , 502 , 387 2 . 229 , 909 , 419 =
This difference gives us the volume of water the tornado moves per second! 32.4 Giga-
Kilograms per Second! That almost the mass of a fully loaded RMS Titanic moved per
second between the input and output flows!
[10]
Divide by the density of water (
3
000 , 1
m
kg
Water
=
) gives:
s
km
s
m
m
kg
s
kg
3 3
3
4 . 32 39 32,406.637
000 , 1
.39 32,406,637
~ =
32.4 Cubic Kilo-meters per second! Thats almost 32 Olympic Size Pools of water moved per
second!
[11]
[1] ^ Enhanced Fujita scale. (2013, May 23). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enhanced_Fujita_scale&oldid=556464717
[2] ^ List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes. (2013, May 23). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_F5_and_EF5_tornadoes&oldid=55636684
74
0 ; "Public Information Statement". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office
Norman, OK. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
https://nwschat.weather.gov/p.php?pid=201305211953-KOUN-NOUS44-PNSOUN
[3] ^ Orders of magnitude (area). (2013, May 26). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(area)&oldid=556842639 ;
Calculated: 1 mile * 1 mile * (1.61 km / mile)^2 = 2.59 km^2 ; "Jurisdictions: London". The
International Finance Centre Portal. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
http://www.internationalfinancecentres.com/jurisdictions/view/41
[4] ^ [4] ^ Density of air. (2013, May 13). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
23:54, May 24, 2013, from
8
[6] ^ Orders of magnitude (force). (2013, April 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
What Was the Saturn V?". NASA. Retrieved 21 January 2012. "The rocket generated 34.5
million newtons ... of thrust at launch"
http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/rocketry/home/what-was-the-saturn-v-58.html ;
[7] ^ Orders of magnitude (pressure). (2013, May 13). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
97 ; Zipf, Jr, R. Karl; Cashdollar, Kenneth. "Effects of blast pressure on structures and the
human body". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/pdfs/NIOSH-125/125-
ExplosionsandRefugeChambers.pdf ; "Time For HVLP?". Sharpe Manufacturing Company.
Retrieved 9 January 2012. "paint exiting the gun at 10 PSI"
http://www.sharpe1.com/sharpe/sharpe.nsf/Page/Time+For+HVLP ; "Which is the most
intense tropical cyclone on record?". Hurricane Research Division Frequently Asked
Questions. NOAA. Retrieved 11 November 2011. ;
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E1.html
[8] ^ Orders of magnitude (speed). (2013, May 27). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(speed)&oldid=557001142
[9] ^ Fujita scale. (2013, May 28). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:13,
May 28, 2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fujita_scale&oldid=557178386
[10] ^ Orders of magnitude (mass). (2013, May 27). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(mass)&oldid=557004471 ;
"THE 66,000 TON MYTH". Mark Chirnside. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
http://www.markchirnside.co.uk/Olympic-Titanic66000-ton_displacement_myth.html
8
75
The Lord hath His way in the whirlwind and in the storm, and the clouds are the dust of His
feet. Nahum 1:3
76
CATASTROPHYSICS:
of the Phenomenology of Super Cyclonic Storm Phailin
[Fluid Dynamics]
[ERA: 2013:12:03:20:42 2014:07:01:22:24 UTC]
SUMMARY
A research paper mathematically dismantling Super Cyclone Phailin using the Physical
principles of the Fluid Dynamics, Thermodynamics, Pascals Principle, Archimedes
Principle, Hydraulics, Bernoullis Equation, The Equation of Continuity, Hydrostatic
Equilibrium, The Ideal Gas Law, Pressure Dynamics and The Conservation of Mechanical
Energy to calculate the Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, Wind Speeds and Surge Height
of the storm.
ADDENDUM
The Physical and Mathematical Principles of The Equation of Continuity / Mass Flow Rate,
Virtual Surface Mathematical Modeling
, Compressive Wave / Thrust Dehydration
, Wave
Dynamics, Hookes Law, Mathematical Methods, Reverse Fourier Transform
, Numerical
Analysis, Matrix Parameterization, Vorticity, Linear Simple Harmonic Oscillator, Ordinary
Second Order Differential Equation, Eulers Trigonometric Relation, The Equator Effect
,
Quantum Dynamics, Warp Dynamics
, The Correspondence Principle, The Conservation of

Mechanical Energy, Classical Mechanics, Quantum Mechanics Flux Probabilities,
Schrodingers Cat Paradox, The Phantom Interference Effect
, Heat Exchange and Flux

Dynamics and the Relative Density Method
are used to Calculate the Internal Winds Speed,

Map the Logarithmic Spiral and Clarify the Closed Circuit Loop Dynamics
of the storm.
Denotes a New Physical / Mathematical Concept / Technique that is demonstrated in this

paper.
77
CONSTANS
GORDON
S
G O D
N
OF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
S G O D NOF
*REX EST MERCES*
78
When Super / Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin (the Thai word meaning, Sapphire)
impacted the coast of the nation of India, over a million people were evacuated in preparation
of the Category 5 Cyclones beaching.
[1][2][3][4]
With wind speed at 241 kilo-meters per hour
or 150 miles per hour [Wind speeds were sustained at 160 miles per hour (Three Minute
Duration falling within the Tropical Cyclone Classification of a Super Cyclonic Storm or
Category 5 Hurricane) and 130 miles per hour (One Minute Duration falling in the Tropical
Cyclone Classification of a Very Sever Cyclonic Storm or Category 4 Hurricane)], an Eye
that measured 16 km in diameter and a storm surge of 8.5 meters high, Cyclone Phailin is the
strongest storm to ever hit the Indian shore.
[3][4][5][6][7]
But we have a question: Why do
Hurricanes / Cyclones have such strong winds and high storm surges? To answer this
question we have to gain an understanding in the field of Physics called Fluid Dynamics.
FLUID DYNAMICS
At the start of a Hurricane / Cyclones formation, the warm moist air of the thunderstorms
around the center of activity billows and plumes to the extremely cold Upper Troposphere
altitudes of Earths Atmosphere and forces all the moisture at the top levels of the storm to
condense and precipitate. This creates a region of cold dry air inside the storm at the
boundary of the Upper Extreme Troposphere (UET) or Tropopause layers 10 kilo-meters in
altitude.
[8]
This cold, dry air is heavy and settles down, pushing against the warm moist air
under it, displacing it. This falling of the cold, dry air at the top of the storm suction forces
more cold dry air to condense and precipitate out of the storms top levels. This cold, dry air
continues to stack up, forming a column of downward flowing, cold, dry air that extends
from the top of the storm (where the cascade was initiated) all the way down to the bottom at
ground or sea surface level forming the Proto-Eye of the Hurricane / Cyclone. At the bottom
of the Proto-Eye the cold, dry air displaces the warm, moist air in the lower Troposphere
creating a Buoyancy Force. This Buoyancy Force (which we calculated in the previous
paper) is considerable and is initially exerted on the warm, moist air near the ocean surface
forcing it upward into the Tropopause altitudes. Simultaneously, while the Buoyancy Force at
the bottom of the Proto-Eye causes the warm, moist Troposphere air to raise, another force,
the Suction Force, at the top of the Proto-Eye, continues to pull cold, dry air inside the Proto-
Eye maintaining the cascade from the Upper Extreme Troposphere. This Suction Force is a
complementary, equal magnitude force to the Buoyancy Force at the bottom of the Eye that
pulls cold, dry air from the Extreme Upper Troposphere. As one force changes the other
force changes directly, matching it. So the complement of the two forces at both ends of the
Proto-Eye constitutes a Constant Volume Flow Rate where the outputs (the warm, moist
Troposphere air that is rising, is buoyed up the Proto-Eyes base) equivalent volume is
channeled back into the inputs flow (The cold dry Upper Extreme Troposphere air entering
the Proto-Eye at the top).
[NOTE: There is something interesting happening here. The cold Upper Extreme
Troposphere air that is cascading down forming and filling the Proto-Eye of the Hurricane /
Cyclone is an Implosion. The Upper Extreme Troposphere (UET) / Tropopause air is
unsupported by the lower altitudes of the Troposphere, and is in almost freefall motion. The
warm, lower attitude air CAN NOT halt the fall of this colder denser air because the
Buoyancy Force is pushing it up into the sky. Furthermore, the cold air that cascaded into and
built the Proto-Eye has not exited. In fact the cold, dry air of the Proto-Eye is Stagnant. It is
just filling up the Proto-Eye, expanding it to the standard range of Hurricane / Cyclone Eye
diameter of 30 65 km (20 - 40 miles).
[4]
]
79
This expanding of the Proto-Eye invariably generates more Buoyancy (and Suction) Force
around the center of the storm. The Buoyancy Force pushes warm, moist air around the
cylinder base of the Proto-Eye up to the cold, high altitudes of the Troposphere reaching the
Upper Extreme Troposphere boundary. As this warm, moist air rises the water vapor
undergoes a Thermodynamic process called Adiabatic Cooling. Adiabatic Cooling is the
cooling of gases through their expansion.
[9]
This means that the Total Heat content of the
Water Vapor inside the warm air that rises up the outside the Eye radiates all of its Thermal
Energy to its environment; namely the cold air reservoir of the storms Proto-Eye. This
Thermal Exchange occurs in the low altitude regions of the Proto-Eye (below 3 km altitude
of the Troposphere) and thereby heats only the Lower One-third of the cold air inside the Eye
(the upper two-thirds is still very cold, inside the Upper Troposphere near the Tropopause
boundary). The temperatures reached by this Heat Exchange can heat the lower third of the
Proto-Eyes air volume to temperatures greater than that of the outside warm, moist air,
making it less dense that the air around it and the cold air above it. When the Temperature
and Density of the lower third of the Proto-Eyes volume of air changes due to the heating
process a new drive takes over the power generation of the Hurricane / Cyclone; that of the
Laws of Thermal Dynamics.
THERMODYNAMICS
As the outside warm, moist air is Buoyancy Forced up and the Adiabatic Cooling Process
begins the warmer lower third of the Proto-Eyes volume of air beings to not exert Buoyancy
but rather experience it. (This makes sense because the Buoyancy Force is always exerted on
the lighter gas or fluid by the denser gas or fluid it displaces and ONLY acts perpendicular to
surfaces.) The magnitude of the Buoyancy Force has not changed, since the volume of the
Proto-Eye has not changed either, only the forces subjection. Nevertheless, the warm bottom
third of the Proto-Eye air is not forced up by buoyancy into the atmosphere. This is prevented
by the weight of the colder two thirds of cold air above it pressing down.
[ALERT: The Buoyancy Force has just been eliminated as a principal force in the Dynamics
of the storms systems by a cancellation of forces and pressures due to a reversal of force
subjection. This means that the warmer lower third of the storm is being pushed up the Eye
by the outside air. This reversal of force acts as a Cork exerting pressure against the cold
two-thirds of the Eye as it descends down. This is an important Equilibrium State of the
Storm.]
This new dynamic creates a slowing of the exiting wind velocity at the base of the Eye (and
also the entering wind velocity at the top of the Eye) helping to regulate the Flow Rate of the
intake and output of the storm. The warm Eye air outflow, exiting the Proto-Eye at its
bottom, is wrapped around the outside of the Eye in a sheath like envelope that flows similar
to a Conveyor-Belt forming the Proto-Eye Wall of the storm. Once at the top the warm air
cools and is then pulled back into the Proto-Eye by the Suction Force at the top. The Suction
Force at the top is also being regulated by the Thermal Pressure from the lower third and
warm outside air tandem against the cold two-thirds descent. Remember, Flow Rate MUST
be equal: if the Dynamics of the exiting air changes so must the Dynamics of the entering air
at the top. Due to Changes in Temperature and Density between the top cold two-thirds and
warm lower one-third regions of the Proto-Eye, the air that Enters at the top enters at a slower
rate than the air that exits. This slowing of the entering air presents as a Stagnation Pressure
80
or an Area of High Pressure experienced by Eye air and is what creates the Calm Effect of
the storms center.
[10]
The Proto-Eyes entering and exiting air flows then Recycles through
from top to bottom.
[NOTE: The Buoyancy Force and the Suction Force in this newly achieved Closed Circuit
are actually the same force seen at different ends of a Loop. We make the distinction here in
name only to make clear what part of the action we are discussing.]
Once the Closed Circuit of this Loop is established the Eye of the Hurricane / Cyclone is
formed.
HEAT EXCHANGE AND FLUX DYNAMICS
As the cold and warm airs Loops in and out the Eye, the warm, moist air in the Troposphere
(the Atmosphere surrounding the lower third of the Eye) is propelled up into the Extreme
Upper Troposphere / Tropopause by mixing with the rapid, turbulent Eye winds; analogous
to an agitator or jet turbine picking up the warm, moist Troposphere air and thrusting it into
the Tropopause creating the Eye Wall of the Hurricane / Cyclone. The pressure exerted by
the escaping lower third Eye air is so low that the Ocean Water (At the time of Phailin the
Indian Ocean was at
C
30 +
or
4 . 82
Fahrenheit) evaporates with tremendous ease.
[11]

During this conveyance the moisture contained inside this updraft condenses and continues to
facilitate the Adiabatic Cooling Process that heats the Eyes lower third. The cooling of the
moisture in the Eye Wall releases all of the Thermal Energy contained in its Water Vapor
into the lower third of the Eye. As stated, the Eye can be heated to temperatures exceeding
that of the warm air external to it. (This is achieved since the water vapor in the Eye walls
updraft has more Heat Capacity than the air around it. That is: the Water Vapor can contain
more Units of Heat / Energy per Volume than the same volume of air). This Heat Exchange
occurs in the low regions of the Eye / Eye Walls altitude (around 3 kilo-meters in altitude)
and causes the cold air descending from the top of the Eye to warm, thereby changing its
density, and the warm air ascending the Eye Wall to cool, and also changing its density. The
now, cooled to cold temperatures Eye Wall air rises up to the top of the Eye and is
Compressive Wave / Thrust Dehydrated through the rapid motion of the storms winds
encountering of the Stagnation Pressure of the cold upper two-thirds Eye air, before it enters
the Eye again and thus completing the Closed Circuit Loop of the Hurricane / Cyclones Eye
flow affirming the AXIOM we stated in the pervious paper:
AXIOM: The Volume of air inside the Eye of the Hurricane NEVER leaves the Eye Wall;
The outside warm moist air that exits the Eyes base wraps around the Eye of the storm and is
conveyed in a course from bottom to top, as it flows up the Eye Wall and back into the Eye at
the Top.
It is this Loop that defines the storms winds.
[NOTE: Something else is happening here. The introduction of the Laws of
Thermodynamics as the principal means of power generation of the Hurricane / Cyclone has
not only created a new dynamic but a new kind of imbalance. The temperature gradient
across the altitude of the Eye also represents a range of density changes through out the Eye.
The changes in the air density of the cold air that enters at the top of the Eye, and stacks up
81
inside the Eye, and the warm air at the bottom of the Eye, that exits it and cycles as the Eye
Wall, results in an Unbalance or Broken Equilibrium in the storms input / output flow
rates. The storms attempt to rectify this discrepancy in entering and exiting flow causes a
very interesting phenomenon.]
In Fluid Dynamics the Equation of Continuity relates the Cross Sectional Area that a fluid
flows through as it enters a region to the Cross Sectional Area that the fluid flows through as
it exits a region. [We are taking both the warm air and the cold air (whether inside or outside
of the Eye-Eye Wall flow system) to be Ideal fluids having Incompressible Flow and Zero
Viscosity and therefore the density of the fluids do not change as they flow and no internal or
external friction forces are created during the fluids motion. And even though we are
modeling changes in density due to the heating effects of the Adiabatic Cooling we shall
consider the temperature of the warm and cold air to be discrete and their densities fixed
variables, i.e.: the warm air and the cold air are two different temperatures and densities and
there is no gradient of temperatures or densities between them as if there is an imaginary
Thermal Threshold that when the air crosses it instantaneously becomes warm or cold
(inside and outside the Eye-Eye Wall system)] This means that the amount of air that
descends into the Eye and exits the Eye at its bottom on the ground must equal the amount of
air jetting out and upward in the Eye Wall. But the discrepancy of the cold and warm air
densities means that the outward flowing warm air moves more volume then the inward
flowing cold air.
[ATTENTION: Hurricanes / Cyclones strengthen whenever the ratio of cold air to warm air
densities causes a discrepancy in the flow rate in the amount of input to output air cycled
through the Eye. This is due to the discrepancy of the two densities allowing for the outside
oceans water vapor to supplement the required Volume and Mass Flux Conservation. The
larger the difference between the warm lower thirds density and the cold upper two-thirds,
the more water vapor the storm CAN and MUST to pick up. And the more water vapor that is
raised into the high Troposphere altitude, the greater the rate of Adiabatic Cooling and
subsequent heating of the Eyes lower third. If the rate of heating is so great, the lower third
can halt the descent of the cold air completely causing the cold air that enters at the top to
stagnate and expand the Eye creating more pressure and a new equilibrium with greater
energy and wind speeds: i.e.: The warmer the oceans the stronger the storm.]
Despite this moving of more volume of at the base of the Eye due to water vapor no water
vapor enters the Eye at its top. Thats because the storm Compressive Wave / Thrust
Dehydrates and Recycles the now cold flow of the warm Eye Wall air back into the Eye at
the storms top until the volume of the inward and outward flow rates equal. This
Compressive Wave / Thrust Dehydration is performed because the pressure of the reversed
subjected Suction Force that pulls the cold air at the top of the storms Eye Wall, like its
counterpart the Buoyancy Force has been reversed in subjection and forcing outward instead
of inward. The Eyes Suction Force equals the pressure of the warm lower third and the
warm outside air tandem against the cold two-third of the Eye. This pressure forces the Water
Vapor out of the air since the pressure it encounters pushes it away from the storm center
leaving only cold dry air at the Eye-Eye Wall interface. Therefore only the same Mass /
Volume of Cold air that exits the base can enter the top.
82
[NOTE: See Hurricane / Cyclone Closed Circuit Loop Figure at the end of this section.]
HYDRAULICS
Now that we have a stable storm, what exactly is this warm lower third of the Eye? And what
does it do? Frankly, it pushes. It pushed the cold two-third air above it up. And as stated
earlier it is an important Equilibrium State of then storm. Thats because the lower third
creates the Thermal / Pressure Dynamic that governs the Fluid Dynamics of the storm.
Recall, the Equation of Continuity equates the Rate of Volume (or Mass) that enters a region
to the Rate that exits it. But here, because the cold air descending the Eye is restricted by the
warm air under it (the warm lower third is aided in this by the outside airs Buoyancy Force
on it) and the cold air experiences a pressure on from them. This pressure within the Eye can
be Mathematically Modeled as a Piston pushing fluid up a Cylinder. Here the Pistons
mechanical force opposes the Force of Gravity acting on the cold air Reservoir inside the
Eye. As Gravity forces the Cold Reservoir air down, transgressing the Thermal Threshold,
and being converted by the Adiabatic Cooling Process into warm air and the warm air
Reservoir of the lower third of the Eye presses back, against the Force of Gravity. Of course,
this is a Purely Mathematical Simplification of what Actually Happens, but it does have its
Merit. In reality the air particles that transgress the Thermal Threshold become part of the
Warm Reservoir and flows out into the Eye Wall before being reunited with the Eye. But,
since the volume of the cold air and warm air reservoirs never change (i.e.: Flux), we can
approximate them as being constant solid objects that never mix and only exert Normal
Forces on each other in our Purely Mathematical Model. These opposing forces create a
special state called Hydrostatic Equilibrium.
[NOTE: This Hydrostatic Equilibrium is the key to understanding how Hurricanes /
Cyclones work; Particularly, the arrangement of the Mechanisms of the Engine of the
storm as being an area of High Pressure (The Eye) enveloped by an area of Low Pressure
(The exiting and entering circuit of Eye Wall air) whose cycling flow rates are Regulated by
Internal Thermodynamics (The Lower One-Third of the Eye).]
HYDROSTATIC EQUILIBRIUM
The arrangement of the Cold and Warm Reservoirs of the Eye creates an interesting object.
In fact, since the elevation of the cold air is directly determined by the Warm Reservoirs
Thermal Energy generation of Pressure, this pressure and weight balance creates something
called a Constant-Volume (CV) Gas Thermometer.
[12]
The Physical Principles of the
Constant-Volume Thermometer are identical to that of a Hydrostatic Equilibrium. In both
configurations Gravitational Energy of a column Gas is opposed by the Thermal Energy of
another Gas underneath it. This allow us to Equate the Mechanical Energy of the system to
the Thermal Energy of the system using The Ideal Gas Laws Pressure times Volume term (
V P
) and the Gravitation Potential Energy (
mgh
) in order to calculate the pressure the
Warm Reservoir exerts on the cold air above it. If we agree to the following CAVEATS:
CAVEAT 1: The lower third Warm Reservoir of the Eye acts ONLY as a Restricting Force
and can no longer be viewed as a Fluid Element. [In reality we know that the cold descending
Eye air becomes the warm air due to Adiabatic Heating, but for the purposes of calculating
83
the exiting winds velocity, we shall at the moment treat the warm reservoir as a Mechanical
Apparatus similar to a Valve or Restrictor Plate that limits the flow of the Eye air.]
CAVEAT 2: Because we have agreed that the Warm Reservoir is no longer a Fluid element
in our model the Volume of the outside air, a volume that is determined via the Buoyancy
Force is equal ONLY to the Volume of the Cold, two-thirds, Reservoir of the Eye:
Cold Outside
V V =
CAVEAT 3: These two components of the Outside and Warm Reservoirs configure to apply
Super-Positioned Force in opposition to the Cold Reservoirs airs escape of the Eye at the
base.
{NOTE: A complete list of Hurricane / Cyclones Axiom and Caveats is provided in the
Appendix A of this paper.]
REAL WORLD MATHEMATICAL MODELING (RWMM)
Through Election of these three CAVEATS we can now use our Tele-Mathic Powers to
Real World Mathematically Model (RWMM) the Wind Speeds of the storm.
CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
Using the Principles of the Hydrostatic Equilibrium, here viewed as a CV Gas Thermometer
and the Ideal Gas Law, we can equate the Thermal Energy of the warm lower third reservoir
of the Eye to the Gravitational Potential Energy of the cold Eye reservoir above it. This is
because the Hydrostatic Equilibrium of a CV Gas Thermometer is a balance of the Thermal
Energy, observed as Pressure, and the Gravitational Force or Weight of the fluid above it.
The Thermal Energy of the warm gas (Here, its the Warm Reservoir) pushed up and opposes
the weight of the fluid on top of it. Therefore the height of elevation of the Fluid (Here, the
Cold Reservoir) is directly representative of the Thermal Energy of the gas below it. We can
use this knowledge to formulate an Equation of the Thermal Energy of the Warm Reservoir:
Warm Warm Warm
E mgh V P = =
[quum I]
In the Language of Fluid Dynamics this Equation translates to;
Warm Warm Cold Cold Warm Warm
E gh V V P = =
Where,
Cold
is the Density of the cold air:

3
5508 . 1
m
kg
Cold
=
(at
C
55
or
K 15 . 218
)
[13]
g
is the Gravitational Acceleration Constant:
2
81 . 9
s
m
g =
Warm
h
is the Height the Cold Reservoir is lifted by the Warm Reservoir or the Height of the
Warm Reservoir itself of 3.175 km or 3,175 m
84
and
Cold
V
is the Volume of the Cold Reservoir given as the Volume of a Cylinder;
h r V V
Cold Cylinder
2
t = =
[Ex Regula Mathematica]
Where;
r
is the Radius of the Eyes base, 8 km or 8,000 m
[7]
h
is the Height of the Cold Reservoir, 6.825 km or 6,825 m
[NOTE: The height of the Cold Reservoir is set at 6,825 m or the top two thirds of the total
Eye altitude of 10,000 m. The Warm Reservoir makes up the remaining lower one third with
a height of 3,175 m. This altitude of 3,175 m is the level of the Thermal Threshold. This
Threshold is the level in our model that once the descending Eye air transcends it
instantaneously becomes warm air and where the ascending outside air becomes instantly
cold. The level is set at the altitude at which Water Vapor freezes (
C
0
or
K 15 . 273
) in the
atmosphere and therefore at this altitude ALL Thermal Energy from the outside air is
exchanged.]
[REMEMBER: In order to find Real World Solutions we must use the Real World
Conditions for the model of the system.]
Returning to the calculation of the Cold Reservoir Volume, Plugging this in we get,
h r V V
Cold Cylinder
2
t = =
h r V
Cold
2
t =
( ) ( ) m m V
Cold
825 , 6 000 , 8
2
t =
3
671,000 1,372,247, m V
Cold
=
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) Volume m m m m m m m m = = = = =
3 3 2 2 2
Then,
3
671,000 1,372,247, m V
Cold
=
3 12
10 1372247671 m V
Cold
=
3
37 . 1 Tm V
Cold
=
[Quod Erat Faciendum]
1.37 Tera-Cubic Meters! Again, thats on the order of the volume of The Aral Sea (In
1960)!
[14][15]

Plugging these in and solving for the Thermal Energy of the Warm Reservoir we get;
85
mgh V P E
Warm Warm Warm
= =
[quum I]
Warm Cold Cold Warm Warm Warm
gh V V P E = =
( ) ( ) m 3,175 81 . 9 671,000 1,372,247, 5508 . 1
2
3
3
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
m
kg
E
Warm
( ) ( ) m 10 628282833 . 6
2
3
3
16
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
m
kg
E
Warm
( ) ( ) ( ) Joule
s
kgm
s
m
kg
s
m
m
kg
s
m
m
m
kg
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2
2
2
2
2
5
3 2
3
3
m
Then,
( ) ( ) m 10 628282833 . 6
2
3
3
16
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
m
kg
E
Warm
2
2
16
10 628282833 . 6
s
kgm
E
Warm
=
J E
Warm
16
10 628282833 . 6 =
Or,
PJ E
Warm
3 . 66 ~
[Quod Erat Demonstrandum]
66.3 Peta-Joules!!!! Thats on the order of the estimated impact energy released in the
formation of Meteor Crater, Arizona!!!
[16]
[NOTE: Translations to the Latin Expressions are provided in the Appendix D of this
paper.]
IDEAL GAS LAW
Now that we have a value for the Thermal Energy of the Warm Reservoir lets calculate the
Thermal Energy of the Outside and Cold Reservoirs using the Benot Clapeyron
^
(1799
1864) Ideal Gas Laws Pressure and Volume terms (
V P
) for Energy:
^
Benot Paul mile Clapeyron (1799 1864) the French Engineer and Physicist, one of the
founders of Thermodynamics. Clapeyron was the first to state the Standard formulation of
the Ideal Gas Law, a combination of Boyles Law and Charless Law. Clapeyron further
developed the research of Nicolas Lonard Sadi Carnot (1796 1832) French Military
Engineer and Physicist, often described as the "Father of Thermodynamics" by codifying the
86
Outside Outside Outside
E NkT V P = =
[quum II]
Where,
Outside
V
, according to CAVEAT II, is equal to the Volume of the Cold Reservoir and thus has
a value of:
3 12
10 1372247671 m V
Cold
=
.
All that is needed a value for the Pressure of the Outside Reservoir.
PASCALS PRINCIPLE
Blaise Pascals
^
(1623 1662) Principle states that the Absolute Pressure of a fluid is
determined by super-positioning of the Atmospheric Pressure and the Gauge Pressure of the
system. The Atmospheric Pressure is the pressure the Fluid itself experiences due to the
weight (Gravitational Force) above the level of measurement (i.e.: The pressure at the bottom
of the fluid is due to the weight of the fluid above it) and the Gauge Pressure is the pressure
at the level of measurement in the fluid due to the density of the fluid and is the pressure that
an object submerged or suspended in the fluid would experience (i.e.: The pressure of the
depth.). Combined these two terms give the Absolute Pressure or the pressure the fluid exerts
on its surroundings: Pascals Principle is:
Gauge Gravity Outside
P P P + =
[Ex Principia Physica]
Where,
Base
Gravity
Gravity
A
F
P =
And,
gh P
Outside Gauge
=
Then,
Second Law of Thermodynamics (The Carnot Principle). The ClausiusClapeyron relation
between the phase transitions between phases of matter bears Clapeyrons and German
Physicist and Mathematician Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (born Rudolf Gottlieb; 1822
1888) names. Clapeyrons name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel
Tower.
[17][18][19]
^
Blaise Pascal (1623 1662) the French Mathematician, Physicist, Inventor, Writer and
Christian Philosopher was self taught, Child Prodigy that, at the age of sixteen, formulated a
Projective Geometry Mathematical Proof know today as Pascals Theorem, at age thirty built
Pascals Triangle a tabular guild for Binomial Coefficients and as a final legacy was honored
with a Le Systme International D'units (SI) unite in his name: Pascal (Pa).
[20}

87
Gravity
P
is the Pressure of the Gravitational Force on the outside air dived by the area it is
applied through. That area is equal to the area of the circular bottom of the Eye (If the Cold
and Outside Reservoirs Volumes are equal so are there Dimensions (
height Area
) and are
given by:
2
r A
Base
t =
Where,
r
is the radius of the Eyes base, 8 km or 8,000 m
[7]
This gives:
2
r A
Base
t =
( )
2
000 , 8 m A
Base
t =
2
8 . 929 , 061 , 201 m A
Base
=
( ) ( ) Area m m m = = =
2 2 2
Then,
2
8 . 929 , 061 , 201 m A
Base
=
2 8
10 010619298 . 2 m A
Base
=
Or,
2
201Mm A
Base
~
201 Mega-Cubic Meters is almost the surface area of Taipei City, Taiwan!!!
[21]
Dividing the
Force of Gravity on the outside air by this area gives the pressure exerted on the outside air
due to Gravity;
Base
Gravity
Gravity
A
F
P =
So whats the Force of Gravity on the outside air? Did you realize that the weight of the
outside air is just like the Buoyancy Force (Archimedes Principle) by Archimedes of
Syracuse
^
(c 287 B.C. c 212 B.C.) that we calculated in the previous research paper?
^
Archimedes of Syracuse (c 287 B.C. c 212 B.C.) the legendary Greek Mathematician,
88
B mg F
Gravity
= =
[Vis De Pondus Quod Contra Gravitas]
Where,
M is the Mass of the outside air given by Density times Volume (
Outside Outside
V
)
g V B
=
Where;
Outside
is the Density of the outside air:

3
1644 . 1
m
kg
Outside
=
(
C
30 +
or
K 15 . 303
)
[13]
g
2
81 . 9
s
m
g =
And
Outside
V
is the Volume of the Outside Reservoir:
3
671,000 1,372,247, m V
Cold
=
Using these variables, lets calculate the Gravitational / Buoyancy Force exerted on this
amount of air.
g V B
=
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
3
3
81 . 9 671,000 1,372,247, 1644 . 1
s
m
m
m
kg
B
Outside
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
3
3
,300,000 15,674,861
s
m
m
m
kg
B
Outside
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
3
3
13
10 1.56748613
s
m
m
m
kg
B
Outside
( ) Newton
s
kgm
s
m
m
m
kg
= = |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2 2
3
3
Then,
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
3
3
,300,000 15,674,861
s
m
m
m
kg
B
Outside
Physicist, Engineer, Inventor and Astronomer that exclaimed Eureka! the Greek word for
I have found it! when realizing the Principle of Displacement (the hallmark of the
Buoyancy Force) could be employed as a means to solving the challenge posed by King Hero
II of Syracuse in determining if the kings jeweled Votive crown contained all the gold the
king had given the smith for its forging.
[22][23]

89
2
,300,000 15,674,861
s
kgm
B
Outside
=
N B
Outside
13
10 1.56748613 =
Or,
TN B
Outside
7 . 15 ~
15.7 Tera-Newton is 1,000,000 times greater than the Thrust from a Saturn V Rocket at Lift-
Off!
[24]
A
F
P
Gravity
=
A
B
P
Gravity
=
2
2
8 . 929 , 061 , 201
,300,000 15,674,861
m
s
kgm
P
Gravity
=
2 2
36431 . 960 , 77
s m
kgm
P
Gravity
=
Pascal
ms
kg
s m
kgm
= =
2 2 2
Then,
2 2
36431 . 960 , 77
s m
kgm
P
Gravity
=
2
36431 . 960 , 77
ms
kg
P
Gravity
=
Pa P
Gravity
3
10 96036431 . 77 =
Or,
kPa P
Gravity
78 ~
78 kilo-Pascal! Thats on the order of the pressure inside High Velocity Low Pressure Paint
Spray Guns!!
[25]

Now lets calculate the Gauge Pressure of the Outside Reservoir:
90
gh P
Outside Gauge
=
Where,
Outside

3
1644 . 1
m
kg
Outside
=
(
C
30 +
or
K 15 . 303
)
[13]
g
2
81 . 9
s
m
g =
.
And
h
is the Height of the Outside Reservoir, 6.825 km or 6,825 m
Plugging these in we get;
gh P
Outside Gauge
=
( ) m 6,825 81 . 9 1644 . 1
2 3
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
kg
P
Gauge
( ) m 3643 . 960 , 77
2 3
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
kg
P
Gauge
( ) Pascal
ms
kg
ms
kg
s m
kgm
s
m
m
kg
s
m
m
kg
= = |
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2 2 2 3
2
2
2
3 2 3
m
Then,
2 2
3643 . 960 , 77
s m
kgm
P
Gauge
=
2
3643 . 960 , 77
ms
kg
P
Gauge
=
Pa P
Gauge
4
10 9603643 . 77 =
Or,
kPa P
Gauge
78 ~
78 kilo-Pascal! Again, thats on the order of the pressure inside High Velocity Low pressure
paint spray guns!!
[25]

Using Pascals Principle and super-positioning the Atmospheric and the Gauge pressures
gives the Absolute Pressure,
Gauge Gravity Outside
P P P + =
91
2 2
3643 . 960 , 77 36431 . 960 , 77
ms
kg
ms
kg
P
Outside
+ =
2
7286 . 920 , 155
ms
kg
P
Outside
=
Pascal
ms
kg
=
2
Then,
2
7286 . 920 , 155
ms
kg
P
Outside
=
Pa P
Outside
3
10 9207286 . 155 =
Or,
kPa P
Outside
156 ~
156 kilo-Pascal! Thats on the order of the Impact Pressure of a Fist Punch!!!
[25]
Taking the
Absolute Pressure and multiplying it by the Outside Reservoirs Volume gives the Ideal Gas
Laws term for the Total Energy of the Reservoir:
E NkT V P = =
[quum II]
Thus,
V P E =
( )
3
2
671,000 1,372,247, 7286 . 920 , 155 m
ms
kg
E
Outside
|
.
|
\
|
=
( )
3
2
000 , 000 , 700 , 856 , 961 , 213 m
ms
kg
E
Outside
|
.
|
\
|
=
( )
3
2
17
10 139618567 . 2 m
ms
kg
E
Outside
|
.
|
\
|
=
( ) Joule
s
kgm
s
kgm
ms
kgm
m
ms
kg
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
Then,
92
( )
3
2
000 , 000 , 700 , 856 , 961 , 213 m
ms
kg
E
Outside
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
17
10 139618567 . 2
s
kgm
E
Outside
=
J E
Outside
17
10 139618567 . 2 =
Or,
PJ E
Outside
214 ~
214 Peta-Joules! Thats on the order of the yield of the Tsar Bomb, the largest nuclear
weapon ever tested (50 megatons)!!!!
[16]
Next, lets repeat this method of using the Ideal Gas Law and Pascals Principle to calculate
the Total Energy of the Cold Reservoir:
IDEAL GAS LAW
Cold Cold Cold
E NkT V P = =
[quum III]
Where,
Cold
V
is the Volume of the Cold Reservoir:
3
671,000 1,372,247, m V
Cold
=
All that is needed a value for the Pressure of the Cold Reservoir.
PASCALS PRINCIPLE
Gauge Gravity
P P P + =
Where,
Base
Gravity
Gravity
A
F
P =
And,
gh P
Cold Gauge
=
Then,
Gravity
P
is the Pressure of the Gravitational Force on the cold air dived by the area it is applied
through. That area is the area of the circular bottom of the Eye given by:
93
2
r A
Base
t =
Where,
r
[7]
This gives:
2
r A
Base
t =
( )
2
000 , 8 m A
Base
t =
2
8 . 929 , 061 , 201 m A
Base
=
( ) ( ) Area m m m = = =
2 2 2
Then,
2
8 . 929 , 061 , 201 m A
Base
=
2 8
10 010619298 . 2 m A
Base
=
Or,
2
201Mm A
Base
~
201 Mega-Cubic Meters is again this is almost the surface area of Taipei City, Taiwan!!!
[21]

Dividing the Force of Gravity on the cold air by this gives the pressure exerted on the outside
air due to Gravity;
Base
Gravity
Gravity
A
F
P =
Similarly the Force of Gravity on the cold air is just like the Buoyancy Force (Archimedes
principle) we calculated in the previous research paper;
B mg F
Gravity
= =
[Vis De Pondus Quod Contra Gravitas]
Where,
M is the Mass of the cold air given by Density times Volume (
Cold Cold
V
)
94
g V B
Cold Cold Cold
=
Where;
Cold

3
5508 . 1
m
kg
Cold
=
(at
C
55
or
K 15 . 218
)
[13]
g
2
81 . 9
s
m
g =
And
Outside
V
3
671,000 1,372,247, m V
Cold
=
Using these variables, lets calculate the Gravitational / Buoyancy Force exerted on this
amount of air.
g V B
Cold Cold Cold
=
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
3
3
81 . 9 671,000 1,372,247, 5508 . 1
s
m
m
m
kg
B
Cold
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
3
3
,360,000 20,876,481
s
m
m
m
kg
B
Cold
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
3
3
13
10 6 2.08764813
s
m
m
m
kg
B
Cold
( ) Newton
s
kgm
s
m
m
m
kg
= = |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2 2
3
3
Then,
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
3
3
,360,000 20,876,481
s
m
m
m
kg
B
Cold
2
,360,000 20,876,481
s
kgm
B
Cold
=
N B
Cold
13
10 6 2.08764813 =
Or,
TN B
Cold
9 . 20 ~
20.9 Tera-Newton is 1,000,000 times greater than the Thrust from a Saturn V Rocket at Lift-
Off!
[24]
A
F
P
Gravity
=
95
A
B
P
Gravity
=
2
2
8 . 929 , 061 , 201
,360,000 20,876,481
m
s
kgm
P
Gravity
=
2 2
1001 . 831 , 103
s m
kgm
P
Gravity
=
Pascal
ms
kg
s m
kgm
= =
2 2 2
Then,
2 2
1001 . 103831
s m
kgm
P
Gravity
=
2
1001 . 103831
ms
kg
P
Gravity
=
Pa P
Gravity
3
10 8311001 . 103 =
Or,
kPa P
Gravity
104 ~
104 kilo-Pascal! Thats on the order of Standard Atmospheric Pressure for Earth Sea
Level!!!
[25]

Now lets calculate the Gauge Pressure of the Cold Reservoir:
gh P
Cold Gauge
=
Where,
Cold

3
5508 . 1
m
kg
Cold
=
(at
C
55
or
K 15 . 218
)
[13]
g
2
81 . 9
s
m
g =
.
And
h
is the Height of the Cold Reservoir, 6.825 km or 6,825 m
Plugging these in we get;
gh P
Cold Gauge
=
96
( ) m 6,825 81 . 9 5508 . 1
2 3
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
kg
P
Gauge
( ) m 1001 . 831 , 103
2 3
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
kg
P
Gauge
( ) Pascal
ms
kg
ms
kg
s m
kgm
s
m
m
kg
s
m
m
kg
= = |
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2 2 2 3
2
2
2
3 2 3
m
Then,
2 2
1001 . 831 , 103
s m
kgm
P
Gauge
=
2
1001 . 831 , 103
ms
kg
P
Gauge
=
Pa P
Gauge
4
10 8311001 . 103 =
Or,
kPa P
Gauge
104 ~
104 kilo-Pascal! Again, thats on the order of Standard Atmospheric Pressure for Earth Sea
Level!!!
[25]
Using Pascals Principle and Super-Positioning the Atmospheric and the Gauge Pressures
gives the Absolute Pressure,
Gauge Gravity Cold
P P P + =
2 2
1001 . 831 , 103 1001 . 831 , 103
ms
kg
ms
kg
P
Cold
+ =
2
2002 . 662 , 207
ms
kg
P
Cold
=
Pascal
ms
kg
=
2
Then,
2
2002 . 662 , 207
ms
kg
P
Cold
=
97
Pa P
Cold
3
10 6622002 . 207 =
Or,
kPa P
Cold
208 ~
208 kilo-Pascal! Thats on the order of the Air pressure in an Automobile Tire (Relative to
Atmosphere (Gauge Pressure))!!!
[25]
Taking the Absolute Pressure and multiplying it by the Cold Reservoirs Volume gives the
Ideal Gas Laws term for the Total Energy of the Reservoir:
Cold Cold Cold
E NkT V P = =
[quum III]
Thus,
Cold Cold Cold
V P E =
( )
3
2
671,000 1,372,247, 2002 . 662 , 207 m
ms
kg
E
Cold
|
.
|
\
|
=
( )
3
2
000 , 000 , 600 , 970 , 963 , 284 m
ms
kg
E
Cold
|
.
|
\
|
=
( )
3
2
17
10 849639706 . 2 m
ms
kg
E
Cold
|
.
|
\
|
=
( ) Joule
s
kgm
s
kgm
ms
kgm
m
ms
kg
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
Then,
( )
3
2
000 , 000 , 600 , 970 , 963 , 284 m
ms
kg
E
Cold
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
17
10 849639706 . 2
s
kgm
E
Cold
=
J E
Cold
17
10 849639706 . 2 =
Or,
PJ E
Cold
285 ~
98
285 Peta-Joules! Again, thats on the order of the Explosive Yield of the Tsar Bomba, The
Largest Nuclear Weapon ever tested (50 megatons)!!!!
[16]
CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
We used the CV Gas Thermometer Dynamic to Mathematically Model the Hydrostatic
Equilibrium State between the Cold and Warm Reservoirs and we used the Ideal Gas Law
coupled with Pascals Principle to find the Total Energy of the Cold and Outside Reservoirs
so now that we know the Energies of all Three components of the system we can use the
Conservation of Energy
^
(while performing CAVEAT III that the Warm Reservoir and the
Outside Reservoir forces, and therefore Energies, oppose the Cold Reservoirs) to find the
wind speeds of the air that exits the Eye at its base. Setting up the equation we see:
IE PE KE E
Total
+ + =
Where
KE
is the Kinetic Energy of the exiting air.
[REMEMBER: CAVEAT I: We are modeling the Warm Reservoir as a Non-fluid,
Mechanical Element of the system and therefore it can NOT have a Kinetic Energy in our
model; It can and does however have Potential Energy. So, only fluids (the Cold and Outside
Reservoirs) have Kinetic Energy and since we are interested in finding the exiting velocity
we put into play the Cold Reservoirs values for the variables in the Kinetic Energy of the
system.]
The Kinetic Energy is given by;
2
2
1
Exit
mv KE =
Where,
Cold Cold
V m =
the Density and Volume of the Cold Reservoir.
And,
PE
is the Potential Energy expressed as the Thermal Energy of the Warm Reservoirs
Hydrostatic Equilibrium;
^
The concept of the Conservation of Energy dates as far back as the Ancient Philosopher
Thales of Miletus (c.~550 BCE) the first Greek Philosopher and has been pondered by some
of the greatest Scientific minds through out history including; Gottfried Wilhelm von
Leibniz (1646 1716) the German Mathematician Philosopher and simultaneous co-founder
of Calculus; John Smeaton (1724 1792) the English Mechanical Engineer, Physicist and
the "Father of Civil Engineering"; James Prescott Joule (1818 1889) the English Physicist
and Brewer. The SI derived Unit of Energy, the Joule, is named for him.
[26][27][28][29]

99
Warm Warm Warm
E mgh V P = =
That is coupled with the Thermal Energy of the Outside Reservoir to compose the Potential
Energy term of the Equation, is expressed by;
E NkT V P = =
These two oppose the Internal (Gravitational) Energy of the Cold Reservoir;
Cold Cold Cold
E NkT V P = =
Setting the Net Work done equal to Zero (i.e.: Total Energy is conserved) and plugging in out
values yields;
IE PE KE E
Total
+ + =
) ( ) (
2
1
0
2
Cold Cold Outside Outside Warm Warm Exit
V P V P V P mv + + =
Solving for the Kinetic Energy term gives;
) ( ) (
2
1
0
2
) ( ) (
2
1
2
V P V P V P mv + =
After the Properties of Distribution, Associative and Negation of Algebra:
[30]
) ( ) (
2
1
2
V P V P V P mv + =
) ( ) (
2
1
2
Outside Outside Warm Warm Cold Cold Exit
) ( ) (
2
1
2
Outside Outside Warm Warm Cold Cold Exit
V P V P V P mv + =
[Externus Modelus]
[NOTE: The Minus Sign between the Potential and Internal Energy terms indicate that they
are due to forces in opposition and that the Outside and Warm Reservoirs do work on the
Cold Reservoir.]
Solving for Kinetic Energys Velocity term gives;
|
.
|
\
| +
=
m
V P V P V P
v
Outside Outside Warm Warm Cold Cold
Exit
) ( ) (
2
100
And translating into the Language of Fluid replies;
|
|
.
|
\
| +
=
Cold Cold
Exit
V
V P V P V P
v
) ( ) (
2
Plug in our variables and solve;
|
|
.
|
\
| +
=
Cold Cold
Exit
V
V P V P V P
v
) ( ) (
2
( )
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
3
3
17 16 17
671,000 1,372,247, 5508 . 1
) 10 139618567 . 2 10 628282833 . 6 ( ) 10 849639706 . 2 (
2
m
m
kg
J J J
v
Exit
( )
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
3
3
) ( ) (
59766167 . 66
m
m
kg
J J J
v
Exit
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
)] 1 [( ] 1 ) 1 1 [( )] 1 1 ( 1 [ ) ( ) (
m
m
kg
s
kgm
m
m
kg
J
m
m
kg
J
m
m
kg
J
m
m
kg
J J J
( )
Velocity
s
m
s
m
kgs
kgm
kg
s
kgm
m
kgm
s
kgm
= = = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
2
2
2
2 2
2
3
3
2
2
[ALERT: The Numerator is the result of Additive Properties. However, in Dimensional
Analysis the Addition or Subtraction of Units does NOT result in a Sum or Difference of the
Quantity of Units. Therefore, upon evaluation, the Unit of the Numerator is simply Joules
and any and all coefficients that may be incurred are inconsequential to both our overall
answer and the Physicality of the Units themselves.]
Then,
101
( )
3
3
) ( ) (
59766167 . 66
m
m
kg
J J J
v
Exit
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
s
m
v
Exit
59766167 . 66 =
Or,
s
m
v
Exit
6 . 66 ~
66.6 meters per second or 239 kilo-meters per hour or 149 miles per hour!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The top speed of the world's fastest roller coaster, Formula Rossa and right in the wind speed
rage of Tropical Cyclone Classification of a Super Cyclonic Storm or Category 5 Hurricane
and is the almost the exact wind speed of Phailin!!!!!!!!!!!!
[3][4][5][31]
WAIT!!! Were not finished!! We only have the exiting wind speed for the air that leaves the
base of the Eye. What about the wind speed of the air as it reenters the Eye at the top? How
do we find its velocity? After all, we are considering the storms winds to be a Closed Circuit
Loop.
THE CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
Let continue to use the Conservation of Mechanical Energy for the system using our
expression for the Total Energy but now modifying it to find the Total Energy of the system
with terms for the Outside and Cold reservoirs Kinetic Energies included.
When we set up our first Conservation of Mechanical Energy equation we, in effect, modeled
the system (from an External Perspective) as an Open Circuit or Pipe that the fluid passed
through under the influence of the Internal Dynamics of Pressure and Heat. Here we MUST
consider the system as a Closed Circuit or Loop (Internal Perspective) in order for the motion
in one region to be properly effected by the motion in another. To do so we keep our first
three Caveats and add to them two more;
CAVEAT 4: The Cold and Outside Reservoirs are both fluids in motion that have different
Densities and Cycle through the same Circuit of Flow (i.e.: Loop) but never mix but do
undergo acclamation to the Thermodynamics of their new regions; i.e.: they heat up and cool
down when conditioned. Therefore, movement of one fluid in one reservoir directly translates
to moment in the fluid of the other because we are considering the Conveyor Belt model
here that was mentioned earlier, where the cold air that exits the base of the Eye Conveys
the outside air into the Eye at its top.
CAVEAT 5: Since the system of a Hurricane / Cyclone is a Closed Circuit Loop, the volume
(the flow volume not the space volume) that enters one region equals the volume that
leaves the other regions and therefore the volume moved at any given instance throughout the
different regions of the loop are equal and
Flux Cold Outside
V V V = =
102
Start with the expression of the Total Energy of the Closed Circuit Loop adding the Kinetic
Energies of the Outside and Cold Reservoirs to their complementary Thermal Energies terms;
( ) | |
Warm Cold Outside Total
IE KE TE KE TE E + + = ) (
[Familia Cognos?]
This is the Equation for the Total Energy of a Cyclone / Hurricane or Closed Circuit Loop.
This Equation for the Total Energy of a Cyclone / Hurricane or Closed Circuit Loop may
look familiar to us and in fact we have seen it before. Where?
BERNOULLIS EQUATION
Recall, according to the Equation of Continuity, the Flux of the system must be conversed,
that is the amount of air (
Flux
V
) that leaves the base of the Eye must reenter the Eye at the top
(especially since the air that flows through the Eye does so in a Closed Circuit Loop, never
leaving the storm and the idea of CAVEAT V). Therefore we can transform our equation of
the Conservation of Mechanical Energy into Daniel Bernoullis (1700-1782)
^
Equation to
find the reentering airs velocity since his Equation relates the Energy of a fluid as it enters a
system to the Energy of the fluid as it exits the system, taking into account the pressures and
velocities (i.e.: the Thermal and Kinetic Energies) at both ends (for the Cold and Outside
Reservoirs and their flows).
[32]
Applying CAVEAT V allows us to eliminate the variable for Flux Volume from both sides
of the equation for the Conservation of Mechanical Energy and Convert it to a form of
Bernoullis through invoking CAVEAT II and V and simplifying gives us Bernoullis
Equation; an expression in terms of Pressures, for the Closed Circuit Loop of Hurricanes /
Cyclones;
( ) | |
A
Warm Cold
D A
Outside
D A
Total
P P P P P P + + = ) (
[Stilo Novum Ex Priore]
Where;
A
P
is the Absolute Pressures of the Cold and Outside Reservoirs (respectively) that we
calculated earlier;
( ) Pa P
Cold
A 3
10 6622002 . 207 =
[Frigidarium]
And,
^
Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782) cadet of the prestigious Bernoulli Dynasty of Swiss
Mathematicians and Physicists whos Principle (Bernoullis Equation), formulated in 1738,
underlies the mechanics of 20
th
century technologies like Carburetors and Airplane Wing
Design. Daniel Bernoulli was also a Fellow of the Royal Society of London.
[32]

103
( ) Pa P
Outside
A 3
10 9207286 . 155 =
[Extrarium]
Now the Pressure of the Warm Reservoir can be found by dividing its Thermal Energy /
Absolute Energies by the Cold Reservoirs Volume:
( )
Cold
Warm
Warm
A
V
E
P =
[Caldarium]
( )
3
16
671,000 1,372,247,
10 628282833 . 6
m
J
P
Warm
A

=
( )
3
37991 . 302 , 48
m
J
P
Warm
A
=
Pascal
ms
kg
s m
kgm
m
s
kgm
m
J
= = = =
2 2 3
2
3
2
2
3
Then,
( )
3
37991 . 302 , 48
m
J
P
Warm
A
=
( ) Pa P
Warm
A
37991 . 302 , 48 =
( ) Pa P
Warm
A 3
10 30237991 . 48 =
Or,
( ) kPa P
Warm
A
3 . 48 ~
48.3 kilo-Pascal!!! Thats on the Order of Long-Duration Blast Overpressure (from a Large-
Scale Explosion) that would cause most Buildings to Collapse!!!!!!!!!!
[25]
Also,
D
P
is for the Dynamic Pressures of their respective reservoirs: the entering airs
Dynamics Pressure is what we are trying to calculate but first we must decipher the
Dynamics Pressure of the exiting air. So, we must first find the value of the Outside
Reservoirs Dynamic Pressure (which is the same as the exiting cold airs Dynamics
Pressure, since we are dealing with a Closed Circuit Loop) in order to solve for the entering
airs velocity.
PRESSURE IMBALACE DYNAMICS
The Outside Reservoirs Dynamic Pressure is the result of the Density and Volume of the
Warm and Outside Reservoirs inability to completely halt the Cold Reservoirs air descent.
104
And escape from the Eye. This inability is the result of the Volume of the Cold and Outside
Reservoirs being equal but their densities unequal:
CONSIDER: Two Balloons of same Dimensions, one filled with Air and one filled with
Helium behave vary differently due to their different Densities. The Cold and Outside
Reservoirs have the same Dimensions of Buoyancy dictated Volume but their distinct
Densities makes it impossible for the Outside Reservoirs exertion of the Buoyancy Force on
the Warm Reservoir to stop the air of the Cold Reservoir completely because the Cold
Reservoir, literally, weighs more than both of them combined! Thats because though the
Outside Reservoir is aided in its attempt to plug the air of the Cold Reservoirs escape, the
Warm Reservoir, despite adding to the overall Outside Reservoirs Volume has a Lower
Density that it due to it being Adiabatically Heated and thus the Cold Reservoir retains its
advantage and thus advances down and out of the Eye at its base. This is a VERY important
concept, in fact:
CAVEAT 6: As long as the Winds of the storm are in Motion, the Density of the Warm
Reservoir MUST be Less Than that of the Outside Reservoir.
CAVEAT 7: Since the Volumes of the Outside and Cold Reservoirs are Equal (CAVEAT
II), the Mathematical Annexation of the Less Dense Warm Reservoirs Resistance
(CAVEAT III) by the Outside Reservoir to aid in Opposing the Cold Reservoirs Descent is
still no match for the Cold Reservoirs Gravitational Energy. This Insufficiency in the tandem
Outside and Warm Reservoirs Densities to NOT be able to provide sufficient Total Energy to
counteract the Total Energy of the Cold Reservoir is the ONLY reason the Closed Circuit
Looping Winds of the storm Animate: This Imbalance is the Hurry of the Hurricane and
the Cycle of the Cyclone.
The Dynamic Pressure of the Outside Reservoir (the Dynamic Pressure of the exiting Cold
Eye air in this Wind Cycle) is therefore a Direct Expression of the Pressure / Force that
drives the Closed Circuit Loop of the Storms winds (both at the Bottom and at the Top since
both are Regulated by the Warm Reservoirs influence on the Cold Reservoirs input and
output Flow Rates)
[NOTE: We shall discuss the Warm Reservoirs Influence on the Closed Circuit Loop of the
storm in depth in the Second Section of this paper.]
We can find the Outside Reservoirs Dynamic Pressure by finding the change in the Net
Pressure between the three reservoirs Absolute Pressures from the Equation for the External
Modeling (Externus Modelus);
Total
Outside
D
P P A =
[Exeus]
( ) | |
A
Warm Outside
A
Cold
A
Total
P P P P + = A ) (
Plugging in our variables gives:
( ) | |
A
Warm Outside
A
Cold
A
Total
P P P P + = A ) (
( ) Pa Pa Pa P
Total
3 3 3
10 3023799 . 48 10 9207286 . 155 10 6622002 . 207 + = A
105
( ) Pa Pa P
Total
3 3
10 2231085 . 204 10 6622002 . 207 = A
Pa P
Total
3
10 4390917 . 3 = A
Or,
kPa P
Total
44 . 3 = A
3.44 kilo-Pascal!!! Thats under the level of the Vapor Pressure required to make water at (
C
30 +
or
K 15 . 303
) boil!!!!!!
[33]
That means that the pressure the exiting Eye air that
creates the Eye Wall (Outside Reservoir) of Hurricanes / Cyclones exerts on the ocean
literally makes them boil, a Proof of Hurricane / Cyclone function as Planetary Climate
Regulators!!!!!!!!!!!!
Lets take a quick moment to interpret the Physical meaning of this Intermediate Data.
META-ANALYSIS I
Dynamic pressure of the Outside Reservoir is not the Resultant Pressure of the Eye Wall. To
find the Resultant Pressure inside the Eye Wall we Super-Position the Absolute Pressures of
the Cold and Warm Reservoirs (The Eye) and Subtract the Sum from the Outside Reservoirs
(Eye Wall) Net Pressure (Absolute Pressure and Dynamic Pressure): Thats because in a
Close Circuit Loop the Eyes Internal Absolute Pressure opposes the Eye Walls External
Absolute Pressure. Lets calculate the Internal and External Pressures of both;
First the Eye Walls Resultant External Pressure:
Wall Eye External
P P P = A
[Privati-quatione I]
( ) ( ) Outside
D
Outside
A A
Warm
Cold
A
External
P P P P P + + = A
( ) ( ) Outside
D
Outside
A
External
P P Pa Pa P + + = A
3 3
10 3023799 . 48 10 6622002 . 207
( ) ( ) Outside
D
Outside
A
External
P P Pa P + = A
3
10 9645801 . 255
( ) ( ) Pa Pa Pa P
External
3 3 3
10 4390917 . 3 10 9207286 . 155 10 9645801 . 255 + = A
( ) ( ) Pa Pa P
External
3 3
10 3598203 . 159 10 9645801 . 255 = A
Pa P
External
3
10 6047598 . 96 = A
Or,
kPa P
External
6 . 96 = A
96.6 kilo-Pascal!!!!! Thats almost the Record Low Atmospheric Pressure for
typhoon/hurricane (Typhoon Tip in 1979) at 87 kPa or only 86% of Standard Atmospheric
Pressure!!!!!!!!!!
[25]
This is the pressure the Eye Wall (Outside Reservoir) exerts on the
outside world.
106
Now the Eyes Resultant Internal Pressure:
The Absolute Pressure of the Eye is actually a Mathematical Difference in Gauge / Static
Pressures. This is due to the fact that the Net Pressure of the Eye is the result of two Absolute
Pressures (Cold and Warm Reservoirs) and since the Warm Reservoirs Pressure is just a
Gauge Pressure it Mathematically Subtracts from the Cold Reservoirs Gauge / Static
Pressure, lessening it and thus lowering the Overall Absolute Pressure of the Eye: i.e.: The
Reduction in Gauge Pressure is the Effect of a Hydrostatic Equilibrium. Therefore the ONLY
measurable pressure is a Statics Pressure of the Cold Reservoir (since some of its Weight
or Force of Gravity of all the air above it has been Canceled Out), which we calculated
earlier;
( )
A
Warm
Cold
A
Internal
P P P + = A
[Privati-quatione II]
( ) Pa Pa P
Internal
3 3
10 3023799 . 48 10 6622002 . 207 = A
( ) Pa P
Internal
3
10 8203 . 359 , 159 = A
Or,
kPa P
Internal
4 . 159 ~ A
159.4 kilo-Pascal!!!!!!! This is on the order of Impact Pressure of a Fist Punch
(Approximate)!!!!!!!!!
[25]
This is the High Pressure Region of the Eye and what creates the
Calm Atmosphere at the Center of the storm!!!!!!!
[ATTENTION: These two Pressures, the Outside Reservoirs Resultant External Pressure
and the Gauge Pressure of the Cold Reservoir, explain the overall environment of the storm.]
Now that we have all the required values for our Equation lets continue our calculation of
the entering wind velocity of the Eye.
BERNOULLIS EQUATION
Setting the Total Pressure equal to Zero and solving for the Dynamic Pressure of the Cold
Reservoir;
( ) | |
A
Warm Cold
D A
Outside
D A
Total
P P P P P P + + = ) (
[Internus Modelus]
( ) | |
A
Warm Cold
D A
Outside
D A
P P P P P + + = ) ( 0
Solving for
Enter
v
gives;
( ) | |
A
Warm
A
Cold Outside
D A D
Cold
P P P P P + =
( ) ( )
A
Warm
A
Cold Outside
D A
Enter Cold
P P P P v + =
2
2
1
107
( ) ( )
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
3
5508 . 1
2
m
kg
P P P P
v
A
Warm
A
Cold Outside
D A
Enter
( ) ( )
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
3
3 3
5508 . 1
10 4390917 . 3 10 9207286 . 155
2
m
kg
P P Pa Pa
v
A
Warm
A
Cold Outside
Enter
( ) ( )
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

=
3
3
5508 . 1
10 3598203 . 159
2
m
kg
P P Pa
v
A
Warm
A
Cold
Enter
( ) ( )
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

=
3
3 3 3
5508 . 1
10 3023799 . 48 10 6622002 . 207 10 3598203 . 159
2
m
kg
Pa Pa Pa
v
Enter
( ) ( )
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

=
3
3 3
5508 . 1
10 3598203 . 159 10 3598203 . 159
2
m
kg
Pa Pa
v
Enter
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
3
3
5508 . 1
10 0000000 . 000
2
m
kg
Pa
v
Enter
( )
3
0000 . 0 2
m
kg
Pa
v
Enter
=
3
0000 . 0
m
kg
Pa
v
Enter
=
3
0000 . 0
m
kg
Pa
v
Enter
=
Velocity
s
m
s
m
s kgm
kgm
m
kg
ms
kg
m
kg
Pa
= = = = =
2
2
2 2
3
3
2
3
108
Then,
3
0000 . 0
m
kg
Pa
v
Enter
=
s
m
v
Enter
0000 . 0 =
Or,
s
m
v
Enter
0000 . 0 ~
0.0000 meters-per-second!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Thats on the order of the World record speed of the
fastest snail in the Congham, UK ( 0.00275)!!!!!!!!!
[31]
That explains the Calm effect
observed in the Eye of Hurricanes / Cyclones!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[ATTENTION: The External Model (Externus Modelus) gave us the velocity of the exiting
Winds and the Internal Model (Internus Modelus) gave us the Velocity of the entering
Wings. However, we MUST Unite them into ONE MODEL for the storms Closed Circuit
Loop that has Cycle Continuity for use any where in the Universe. We shall accomplish this
in the next section of this paper when we extend our exploration of the Closed Circuit Loop
beyond any Discontinuities.]
WAIT!!! Were still not finished!!!!! There is one more phenomenon about Hurricane /
Cyclones we have to understand.
STORM SURGE
The Storm Surge of Hurricanes / Cyclones are the most devastating aspects of the storm. We
can use the Conservation of Mechanical Energy and the Eye Walls Absolute Pressure to
calculate the height of Phailins Storm Surge. How?
HYDROSTATIC EQUILIBRIUM
The Ocean is a Fluid that is compressed by the weight of the Atmosphere above it. If the
Atmospheric Pressure above the ocean surface is less than normal the Ocean can under go
Decompression. Thats because the Oceans are in a state of Hydrostatic Equilibrium with the
Atmosphere and Decompression is the result of a new Hydrostatic Equilibrium state being
achieved. So using the Eye Walls Absolute Pressure we calculated earlier (
Pa P
External
3
10 6047598 . 96 = A
) we can set it equal to the weight of the Ocean Water under
the Outside Reservoir to find the Surge Height during Super Cyclone Phailin given the
following Caveat:
109
CAVEAT 8: The Volume of Sea Water that is displaced by a Hurricane / Cyclone equals the
Volume of the Outside Reservoir;
Sea Cold Outside
V V V = =
Using this Caveat we can calculate the Height of the Storm Surge from the Equation of the
Hydrostatic Equilibrium;
Surge Outside Outside
E mgh V P = =
[quum IV]
In the Language of Fluid Dynamics this Equation translates to;
Surge Surge Sea Sea Outside Outside
E gh V V P = =
Where,
Outside Outside
V P
is the Total Energy of the Outside Reservoir;
J E
Outside
17
10 139618567 . 2 =
Sea
is the Density of the Sea Water:

3
1025
m
kg
Sea
=
(at
C
30 +
or
K 15 . 303
)
[34]
g
2
81 . 9
s
m
g =
And
Cold
V
is the Volume of the Cold Reservoir given as the Volume of the Sea Water
displaced by the storm and by CAVEAT VI equals the Volume of the Outside Reservoir;
3 12
10 1372247671 m V V V
Sea Cold Outside
= = =
. Solving for
Surge
h
, eliminating the Volumes
terms for the Outside Reservoir and the Sea Water and then plugging in our values gives;
Surge Surge Sea Sea Outside Outside
E gh V V P = =
g V
V P
h
Sea Sea
Outside Outside
Surge
=
g
P
h
Sea
Outside
Surge
=
Where is the Eye Walls Absolute Pressure of
Pa P
External
3
10 6047598 . 96 = A
(Privati-
quatione I) is the pressure the Eye Wall exerts on the outside world. Then,
g
P
h
Sea
Outside
Surge
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|

=
2 3
3
81 . 9 1025
10 6047598 . 96
s
m
m
kg
Pa
h
Surge
110
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2 3
607395122 . 9
s
m
m
kg
Pa
h
Surge
Height m
m
m
kgms
s kgm
s m
kg
ms
kg
s m
kgm
ms
kg
s
m
m
kg
ms
kg
s
m
m
kg
Pa
= = = =
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2 3
2
2 3
2
2 3
Then,
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2 3
607395122 . 9
s
m
m
kg
Pa
h
Surge
m h
Surge
607395122 . 9 =
Or,
m h
Surge
61 . 9 ~
[Nondum]
9.61 meters!!!! Thats longer than the length of a London Double-Decker Bus (Routemaster)
(8.38 m)!!!!!!
[35]
But this is NOT the observed height of the Phailns Storm Surge!!!!! This is
the Ideal Height!!! Thats because we must consider the environment and Real World
Conditions the storm was under;
OCEAN TIDE
Super Cyclone Phailin made landfall in Gopalpur on Odisha coast.
[36]
In That region of India
the Indian Ocean has an average Tidal range of around
m 108 . 1
and during the time of
Phailin was a Low (
m 108 . 1
).
[37]
So, to find the Real World Storm Surge height of Phailin,
we must subtract the Low Tide height from our calculation;
Low Ideal Surge
h h h =
[Aqua Murum]
m m h
Surge
108 . 1 607395122 . 9 =
m h
Surge
499395122 . 8 =
Or,
m h
Surge
5 . 8 ~
111
8.5 Meters or 27.89 feet!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Thats slightly longer than the length of a London
Double-Decker Bus (Routemaster) (8.38 m or slightly taller than a three story building of
eight feet rises) and the almost the exact height of Phailins Storm Surge!!!!!!!!!!!!
[6][35]
FIGURE 1: Hurricane / Cyclone Closed Circuit Loop.
ADDENDUM I
We know what youre thinking. How can the wind speed inside the Eye of the storm be
exactly zero velocity? How can one end of the Closed Circuit Loop of the storms winds be
moving and the other end standing still!!!? The short answer is...It isnt. The long answer
(which the reason why we are here) requires a little more understanding of the Hurricane /
Cyclone Flow Rates and a new approach in our Mathematical Modeling to explain this
Discontinuity: So lets get started;
As stated earlier (Revamped to conform to the CAVEATS we now hold as Principle), In
Fluid Dynamics the Equation of Continuity relates the cross sectional area that a fluid flows
through as it enters a region to the cross sectional area that the fluid flows through as it exits
a region. [We are taking both the outside air and the cold air (whether inside or outside of the
Eye-Eye Wall flow system) to be Ideal fluids having incompressible flow and zero viscosity
and therefore the density of the fluids do not change as they flow and no internal or external
friction forces are created during the fluids motion. And even though we are modeling
changes in density due to the heating effects of the Adiabatic Cooling we shall consider the
112
temperature of the outside and cold air to be discrete and their densities fixed variables, i.e.:
the outside air and the cold air are two different temperatures and densities and there is no
gradient of temperatures or densities between them via the Thermal Threshold.] This means
that the amount of air that descends into the Eye and exits the Eye at its bottom on the ground
MUST equal the amount of air escaping out and upward in the Eye Wall. But the discrepancy
of the cold and outside air density means that the exiting cold air at the Base of the Eye
moves more volume (and therefore more mass) than the entering outside air at the Eyes top.
So, setting the Mass Flow Rate of the Outside Reservoir equal to the Mass Flow Rate of the
Cold Reservoir we can find the Rate of Flow of the Cold Reservoir. But how do we find this
rate?
VIRTUAL SURFACE MATHEMATICAL MODELING (VSMM)
During Hydrostatic Equilibrium the Cold Reservoir weighs down on this same surface area
(an Area equal to the Area of the Eyes base) in opposition to the Outside and Warm
Reservoirs super-positioned Pressures. This surface is the Virtual Surface of the Thermal
Threshold the Imaginary Boundary between the Cold and Warm Reservoirs inside the Eye.
This Virtual Surface Mathematically acts like a Piston in a Hydraulic system that is in a
state of Hydrostatic Equilibrium where the Pistons surface area equal to the base area of the
Eye of the storm that is being pushed by these two opposing pressures (above and below).
But remember, in reality, cold air does Physically flow from the Cold Reservoir into the
Warm Reservoir and the out at the Eyes base into the Outside Reservoir. So, in order to
model and agree with our observance of Real World Phenomenon we must use Virtual
Surface Modeling, as opposed to Real World Mathematical Modeling use in the first section
of this paper, to Unite into one Model the Internal and External Models for the Closed Circuit
Loop of the storm.
LEX I: Virtual Surfaces are the Mathematical representation of the transmitted Dynamics
(Forces, Pressures, Etc.) of Physical Effects (Phenomena) across the domain of the Physical
Effects that generate them and are used as a tool to Model the Real World interaction of
Phenomena immediate to and / or beyond the Phenomenas locality through the Virtual
Surface Properties of Fielding, Projectablity, Morphage and Warpage.
This means that Mathematically we can then treat the Warm Reservoirs presence as the
action of a Cork-like object that restricts the flow of the Cold Reservoir so virtually we can
treat this restricting of the cold air flow as being a smaller surface area of opening that the
cold air is allowed to pass through. Since there exists a state of Hydrostatic Equilibrium
between all the Forces / Pressures on this Piston surface (The outside and warm on the
bottom side pushing up and the cold on the top side pushing down.) we can find the
Functional Area (the Area required to achieve the Real World Observations) of the Cold
Reservoir by applying the Mathematical Area (the Virtual Surface that supports our Real
World Observations) for the cold air that flows through the Thermal Threshold while being
restricted by the Warm and Outside Reservoirs. This can be done by setting the Static
Pressures of the Outside and Warm Reservoirs times the Thermal Thresholds area equal to
the Static Pressure of the Cold Reservoir times the area of the Corks;
[ATTENTION: We are going to switch the Surface Areas of Subjection because in a state of
Hydrostatic Equilibrium the forces are (Ideally) equal and opposite. But in Reality the
Equilibrium is only Quasi-Maintained since the cold air does actually flow through. So in
113
order to conform to observations we apply the equal Forces / Pressures to their opposite
Virtual Surfaces. This allows us to only consider the virtual surface area that actually used for
opposition. For the Cold Reservoir thats the area of the Corks area and for the Warm and
Outside Reservoirs thats the area of the Thermal Threshold.]
Returning to the subject at hand;
Warm Outside Cold Equal
F F F F + = =
[quum V]
In the Language of Fluid Dynamics this translates to;
( )
A
Warm
Outside
A
Hold
Cold
A
Cork Equal Equal
P P A P A P A + = =
[Ex Versa]
Where,
Cold
A
P
is the Static Pressure of the Cold Reservoir:
Pa P
A
Cold
3
10 6622002 . 207 =
Outside
A
P
is the Static Pressure of the Outside Reservoir:
Pa P
A
Outside
3
10 9207286 . 155 =
A
Warm
P
is the Gauge Pressure of the Warm Reservoir:
Pa P
A
Warm
3
10 3023799 . 48 =
Hold
A
is the Area of the Thermal Threshold and the Eyes base:
2 8
10 010619298 . 2 m A A
Base Hold
= =
And
Cork
A
is the Area the Warm and Outside Reservoirs Super-Positioned pressures are
exerted on.
Setting the Total Force equal to Zero, and solving for
Cork
A
and plugging in our values gives;
( )
A
Warm
Outside
A
Hold
Cold
A
Cork Equal Equal
P P A P A P A + = =

( )
A
Warm
Outside
A
Hold
Cold
A
Cork
P P A P A + = = 0
( )
Cold
A
A
Warm
Outside
A
Hold
Cork
P
P P A
A
+
=
( )( ) ( ) | |
Pa
Pa Pa m
A
Cork
3
3 3 2 8
10 6622002 . 207
10 3023799 . 48 10 9207286 . 155 10 010619298 . 2
+
=
( )( )
Pa
Pa m
A
Cork
3
3 2 8
10 6622002 . 207
10 2231085 . 204 10 010619298 . 2

=
( )( )
Pa
Pa m
A
Cork
3
2 13
10 6622002 . 207
10 10614923 . 4
=
( )( )
Pa
Pa m
A
Cork
2
1 . 145 , 732 , 197 =
114
( )( )
Area m
Pa
Pa m
= =
2
2
Then,
( )( )
Pa
Pa m
A
Cork
2
1 . 145 , 732 , 197 =
2
1 . 145 , 732 , 197 m A
Cork
=
2 8
10 977321451 . 1 m A
Cork
=
Or,
2
98 . 1 Mm A
Cork
~
1.98 Mega-meters!!!! Again thats on the order of the surface area of Taipei City,
Taiwan!!!
[21]
This is the Virtual Surface area of the Cork [The Virtual Surface Property of
Fielding].
DISCREPENCY OF AREAS
% 98 98349009 . 0
10 010619298 . 2
10 977321451 . 1
2 8
2 8
~ =
=
m
m
A
A
Hold
Cork
[Pro Conside]
98% of the surface area of the Thermal Threshold is blocked by the surface area of the
Cork!!!! (About 2% of the total surface area of the Eyes base is unblocked!)
Notice that area of the Cork is not exactly the same size as the area of the Thermal Threshold
/ Eyes base. So lets take the Mathematical Difference between the two Virtual Surfaces of
the Thermal Threshold and this Cork area to find the area of the Virtual Gateway [The
Virtual Surface Property of Fielding].
Cork Hold Gate
A A A =
1
[Exeus]
2 8 2 8 1
10 977321451 . 1 10 010619298 . 2 m m A
Gate
=
2 1
7 . 784 , 329 , 3 m A
Gate
=
2 6 1
10 3297847 . 3 m A
Gate
=
Or,
2 1
33 . 3 Mm A
Gate
~
3.33 Mega-meters!!!! Thats on the order of the area of City of London (The central part of
the Metropolitan of Greater London) (2.9 km
2
)!!!!!
[21]
115
If we were to project this area from the Thermal Threshold onto the boundary layer between
the Eye Wall and Eye of the storm we would find the Real World Gateway that the cold air
actually exits through when it leaves the Eye [The Virtual Surface Property of
Projectablity]:
Exit Gate
A A =
1
[quum VI]
Where,
No longer being the area of a Circle
Exit
A
is the area of a Quadrilateral given
by
h L A
Quad
=
[The Virtual Surface Property of Morphage];
Where,
L is Circumference of the Eye-Eye Wall Boundary Layer give by
r C L t 2 = =
;
Where,
r
[7]
Plugging this in gives;
r C L t 2 = =
r L t 2 =
( ) m L 000 , 8 2t =
m L 48246 . 265 , 50 =
m L
3
10 26548246 . 50 =
Or,
km L 27 . 50 =
50.27 kilo-meters or about 31 miles!!!!!!1 Thats on the order of magnitude of the width of
the Bering Strait (90 km)!!!!!!!!
[35]
Using this length we can bend Virtual Surface around the storm to find the height of the Real
World Gateway at the base of the storms Eye [The Virtual Surface Property of Warpage]:
Exit Gate
A A =
1
[quum VI]
h L A A A
Quad Exit Gate
= = =
1
h L A
Gate
=
1
[NOTE: We just switched from Virtual Surface to Real World Surface.]
116
Solving for h gives;
h L A
Exit
=
L
A
h
Exit
=
m
m
h
48246 . 265 , 50
7 . 784 , 329 , 3
2
=
m
m
h
2
2439618 . 66 =
Length m
m
m
= =
2
Then,
m
m
h
2
2439618 . 66 =
m h 2439618 . 66 =
m h
1
10 62439618 . 6 =
Or,
dam h 62 . 6 ~
6.62 deca-meters!!!!! Thats about 217 feet long and two times the Record longest length
measured for the largest animal on Earth, the Blue Whale!!!!!
[35]
This is the height of the area
of the Gateway that the cold air flows through as it exits the base of the Eye.
Now lets find the Gateway for the air that enters the Eye at its top which should be easy
since we already calculated its Virtual Surface area: The area of the Cork. Thats because the
Pressure that the outside air experiences as it enters the Eye is NOT the Static pressure of the
Cold Reservoir but rather the Stagnation Pressure of the Warm Reservoir. So, This
Stagnation Pressure (or Gauge Pressure) of the Warm Reservoir is met by the outside air as it
enters at the top and in order for any air to enter the Eye it must, at minimum, equal this
Gauge Pressure (
Cork
A
).Then all we have to do now is reshape and project it onto the
boundary layer at the top between the Eye and Eye Wall [The Virtual Surface Property of
Projectablity];
Enter Cork Gate
A A A = =
2
[quum VII]
Where,
117
No longer being the area of a Circle
Enter
A
is the area of a Quadrilateral given by
h L A
Quad
=
[The Virtual Surface Property of Morphage];
Where,
L is Circumference of the Eye-Eye Wall Boundary Layer give by
r C L t 2 = =
;
Where,
r
[7]
Plugging this in gives;
r C L t 2 = =
r L t 2 =
( ) m L 000 , 8 2t =
m L 48246 . 265 , 50 =
m L
3
10 26548246 . 50 =
Or,
km L 27 . 50 =
50.27 kilo-meters or about 31 miles!!!!!!1 Again thats on the order of magnitude of the
width of the Bering Strait (90 km)!!!!!!!!
[35]
Using this length we can bend Virtual Surface around the storm to find the height of the Real
World Gateway at the top of the storms Eye [The Virtual Surface Property of Warpage]:
Enter Cork Gate
A A A = =
2
[quum VII]
Enter Gate
A A =
2
h L A A A
Quad Enter Gate
= = =
2
h L A
Enter
=
[NOTE: Again, we just switched from Virtual Surface to Real World Surface.]
Solving for h gives;
h L A
Enter
=
L
A
h
Enter
=
m
m
h
48246 . 265 , 50
1 . 145 , 732 , 197
2
=
118
m
m
h
2
756037 . 933 , 3 =
Length m
m
m
= =
2
Then,
m
m
h
2
756037 . 933 , 3 =
m h 756037 . 933 , 3 =
m h
3
10 933756037 . 3 =
Or,
km h 93 . 3 ~
3.93 kilo-meters!!!! Thats just longer than two International Miles (5,280 feet or 1,609
m)!!!!!!!
[35]
This is the height of the area of the Gateway that the air enters through at the Top
of the Eye.
Using these Gateway areas we can find the Mass Flow rate of the cold air as it exits the Eye
and the Mass Flow Rate of the outside air that enters it.
Exit Exit Cold
Cold
Mass
v A R =
Enter Enter Outside
Outside
Mass
v A R =
Where,
Cold
is the density of the cold air:(

3
5508 . 1
m
kg
Cold
=
at
C
55
or
K 15 . 218
)
[13]
Exit
v
is the velocity of the exiting air:
s
m
v
Exit
59766167 . 66 =
Exit
A
is the area of the exiting Gateway:
2
7 . 784 , 329 , 3 m A
Gate
=
Outside
is the density of the outside air:

3
1644 . 1
m
kg
Outside
=
(
C
30 +
or
K 15 . 303
)
[13]
Enter
v
is the velocity of the entering air:
s
m
v
Enter
0000 . 0 =
119
And
Enter
A
is the area of the entering Gateway:
2
1 . 145 , 732 , 197 m A
Cork
=
But Wait!!!!! If we use the value of zero meters per second for the velocity of the entering air
would get zero mass flow rate!!!! We know this to NOT be true since our system is a Closed
Circuit Loop and thus MUST have mass cycle through. So, we need to find a velocity we can
use to complete our calculation.
RATE OF VOIDANCE
Since we are dealing with a Closed Circuit Loop, we can look at the rate of outflow (The
exiting mass / volume of the exiting air from the Eye) as being the Rate of Voidance or
Drainage of the Cold Reservoir. We can use this Rate of Voidance to find the Time of
Emptying or how long it would take to empty the entire Cold Reservoir. How? By calculating
the Mass Flow Rate for the exiting air and then by multiplying the Volume of the Cold
Reservoir times its density (to calculate the total mass of the Cold Reservoir) and then
dividing their product by the value for the Mass Flow Rate / Rate of Voidance to find the
Time of Emptying.
MASS FLOW RATE
Calculating the Mass Flow Rate for the exiting cold air gives;
Exit Exit Cold
Cold
Mass
v A R =
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
m
kg
R
Cold
Mass
59766167 . 66 7 . 784 , 329 , 3 5508 . 1
2
3
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
m
kg
R
Cold
Mass
2
3
9 . 010 , 899 , 343
( ) Rate Flow Mass
s
kg
s m
kgm
s
m
m
kg
s
m
m
m
kg
= = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
3
3 3
3
2
3
Then,
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
m
kg
R
Cold
Mass
2
3
9 . 010 , 899 , 343
s
kg
R
Cold
Mass
9 . 010 , 899 , 343 =
s
kg
R
Cold
Mass
8
10 438990109 . 3 =
s
kg
R
Cold
Mass
8
10 438990109 . 3 =
120
Or,
s
kg
M R
Cold
Mass
9 . 343 =
343.9 Mega-kilograms per second!!!!!!!!! Thats about half the mass of the largest ship and
largest mobile man-made object, The Seawise Giant (458 m long), when fully loaded
(660,000 tonnes)!!!!!!!
[38]
This the amount of mass that drains from the Cold Reservoir per
second and in a Closed Circuit Loop it is also the amount of mass that creates a void at the
top of the Eye for the entering air to occupy. This brings us to our seventh Caveat:
CAVEAT 9: The Rate of Voidance of the Cold Reservoir at its base equals the Rate of
Occupance for the air that enters the Cold Reservoir at its top and thus maintains a
Continuous Flow across the Closed Circuit Loop.
TIME OF EMPTYING
Taking this Rate and setting it equal to the total mass of the Cold Reservoir divided by time
and solving for time gives;
s
M
R
Cold
Mass
=
[quum VIII]
Translating to the Language of Fluid Dynamics gives;
s
V
R
Cold Cold Cold
Mass

=
Solving for time and plugging in our variable gives;
s
V
R
Cold Cold Cold
Mass

=
Cold
Mass
Cold Cold
R
V
s

=
( )
s
kg
m
m
kg
s
9 . 010 , 899 , 343
671,000 1,372,247, 5508 . 1
3
3
|
.
|
\
|
=
( )
s
kg
m
m
kg
s
3
3
100636 . 188 , 6
|
.
|
\
|
=
121
( )
Time s
kg
kgs
s
kg
kg
s
kg
m
kgm
s
kg
m
m
kg
= = = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
3
3
3
3
Then
( )
s
kg
m
m
kg
s
3
3
100636 . 188 , 6
|
.
|
\
|
=
s s 100636 . 188 , 6 =
s s
3
10 188100636 . 6 =
Or,
ks s 19 . 6 =
6.19 kilo-seconds or about 103 minutes or 1.72 hours (1 hr and 42 min)!!!!!!!!!!! Thats on
the order of Full Length Motion Picture!!!!!!!!!!
[39]

VELOCIMETRY
Before we continue lets have a quick word on velocity. In The Physics of Fluid Dynamics
Velocimetry is the tracking of the flow of particles suspended in fluids a means of measuring
the fluid velocity.
[40]
There are two methods of observation used to reference fluid motion,
The Lagrangian Specification and The Eulerian Specification of the Flow Fields.
REFERENCE A: The Lagrangian Specification is analogous to sitting in a boat and letting
the current carry the vessel downstream (A Non-Inertial Reference Frame).
[41]
REFERENCE B: The Eulerian Specification is analogous to sitting on the back of a river
and watching the water pass fixed position (An Inertial Reference Frame).
[41]
The Lagrangian Specification is a Non-Inertial Reference Frame and in such perceptions the
Law of Physics can take on Pseudo-Dynamics driven by Fictitious Forces / Pressures (It
would very easy for the boat riders in this frame of reference to think that the world was
moving and NOT them!!!!).
[42]
The Eulerian Specification is an Inertial Reference Frame in
such perceptions the Law of Physics has preserved Dynamics and identifies the Real World
Forces / Pressures of systems.
[42]

Inside the Eye of a Hurricane / Cyclone those who Ford the Storm often observe a Slight
Breeze. But we know there to be NO breeze at all in that the air inside the Eye because that
air has zero Kinetic energy. So, what is this Slight Breeze?
122
The air inside the Cold Reservoir IS Stagnant, meaning that the Kinematics we calculated
earlier of a zero velocity is CORRECT even though it does not agree with Real World
Observations. Why? Because the observations by ground level Storm-Forders of Hurricanes /
Cyclones of a Slight Breeze experienced inside the Eye of the storm is NOT due to wind
velocity.
CONSIDER: The air that enters the Eye at the top has ALL its Kinetic Energy converted
into Potential Energy expressed as the Static Pressure of the Cold Reservoir by the Stagnation
Pressure of the Warm Reservoir (i.e.: the Pressure of the Hydrostatic Equilibrium). Therefore
the Rate of Emptying or Drainage Velocity we are calculating is a Real World Velocity /
Rate indicative of and required by the Continuous Cycle of the Closed Circuit Loop of
Hurricane / Cyclones: it is an Artifact of the Circuit and therefore Physically exists.
So, what causes the Eye Breeze? Nothing. The Storm-Forders are in a Non-Inertial Reference
Frame believing the Eye Breeze is the wind moving when in fact the wind is NOT, but the
entire storm IS (they are inside the boat and not on the river bank). See, Super Cyclonic
Storm Phailin moved west-by-northwest across the Sea of Bengal at 15 kilo-meters per hour
or 4.17 meters per second or about 9.3 miles per hour!!!! Thats less than the speed of
comfortable bicycling speed!!!!!!
[31][43]
This is NOT the Real World Rate of Voidance that we
are calculating, but it does bring us to our next Caveat:
CAVEAT 10: The Eye Breeze inside of Hurricanes / Cyclones are Pseudo-Winds resulting
from the lateral / forward motion of the overall storm system.
[NOTE: We are ONLY able to calculate the vertical components of the storms wind
velocities due to the nature of Fluids to only exert pressures Normal to their surfaces. These
surfaces are defined by the interface between the fluids weight and the surface it weight
down on (or pushed up against in the case of Buoyancy). Thus the Physics of Fluid Dynamics
can be describes are The Flow of Gravity since the motions of fluids are always studied in
reference to Gravitation. What this indicates is that ALL we have calculated thus far and
beyond this point are only the motions along the vertical (up and down) AND that vertical
motion is the ONLY motion generated by the dynamics of the storm: ALL other motions are
Fictitious!!]
RATE OF DESCENT
Using this Time of Emptying we can calculate the vertical progression or Rate of Descent of
the air inside the Cold Reservoir by taking the distance the air has to travel (the height of the
Cold Reservoir: 6,825 m) divided by the Time of Emptying;
Empty
Cold Cold
Descent
T
h
v =
[quum IX]
s
m
v
Cold
Descent
100636 . 188 , 6
825 , 6
=
s
m
v
Cold
Descent
10292324 . 1 =
123
Velocity
s
m
=
Then,
s
m
v
Cold
Descent
10292324 . 1 =
Or,
s
m
v
Cold
Descent
10 . 1 ~
1.10 meters-second!!!!!!! Thats slower than Average Walking Speed (<1.5 m/s)!!!!!!!
[31]

This is the Real World wind Velocity inside the Eye of the storm and is MUCH slower than
the Pseudo-Wind speed of 4.17 meters per second (that would explain why it has gone so
unnoticed until now.)!!!!!!!!
Now that we have the Real World velocity of the Eye air, lets calculate the Mass Flow Rates
of the Closed Circuit loop of the storm.
First lets take the Mass Flow Rates for the Exiting and Entering flow of the Eye using our
values for Densities, Gateway Areas and Velocities;
Exit Exit Cold
Cold
Mass
v A R =
Enter Enter Outside
Outside
Mass
v A R =
We already know the Mass Flow rate of the exiting Gateway:
s
kg
R
Cold
Mass
9 . 010 , 899 , 343 =
so we
now have to calculate it for the entering Gateway;
Enter Enter Outside
Outside
Mass
v A R =
Where,
Outside

3
1644 . 1
m
kg
Outside
(
C
30 +
or
K 15 . 303
)
[13]
Enter
A
is the Gateway area of the entering air:
2
1 . 145 , 732 , 197 m A
Enter
=
And
Enter
v
is the Rate of Descent we just calculated:
s
m
v
Cold
Descent
10292324 . 1 =
124
[ATTENTION: We are not considering the Outside Reservoirs Adiabatic Cooling when it
passes through the Exterior Fringe of the Thermal Threshold nor the resulting temperature /
density change. We can do this because Mathematically we only need to consider the
Boundary Dynamics of the Closed Circuit Loop (i.e.: When the flow enters / leaves a region
of the system.).So, in the Mass Flow Rate calculation for the air that enters at the Top of the
Eye, we are using the Density the Outside Reservoir has at the Base of the Eye (where it first
picks up the Water Vapor) in order to find the true Volume of Water the storm moves per
second.]
Continuing and plugging in our values;
Enter Enter Outside
Outside
Mass
v A R =
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
m
kg
R
Outside
Mass
10292324 . 1 1 . 145 , 732 , 197 1644 . 1
2
3
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
m
kg
R
Outside
Mass
2
3
5 . 285 , 936 , 253
( ) Rate Flow Mass
s
kg
s m
kgm
s
m
m
kg
s
m
m
m
kg
= = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
3
3 3
3
2
3
Then,
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
m
kg
R
Outside
Mass
2
3
5 . 285 , 936 , 253
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
m
kg
R
Outside
Mass
2
3
5 . 285 , 936 , 253
s
kg
R
Outside
Mass
5 . 285 , 936 , 253 =
s
kg
R
Outside
Mass
8
10 539362855 . 2 =
Or,
s
kg
M R
Outside
Mass
9 . 253 ~
253.9 Mega-kilograms per second!!!!!!!!!! Again thats about half the mass of the largest ship
and largest mobile man-made object, The Seawise Giant (458 m long), and when fully loaded
(660,000 tonnes)!!!!!!!
[38]

125
WAIT!! Were not done! There is another important quantity of the storm we can calculate:
What if we could calculate the Mass of Water the Storm moves per second? How? By taking
the Mathematical Difference between the two Mass Flow Rates of the storm gives us the
Mass of Water moved by the storm per second;
Outside
Mass
Cold
Mass
Water
Mass
R R R =
s
kg
s
kg
R
Water
Mass
5 . 285 , 936 , 253 9 . 010 , 899 , 343 =
s
kg
R
Water
Mass
4 . 725 , 962 , 89 =
s
kg
R
Water
Mass
7
10 99627254 . 8 =
Or,
s
kg
M R
Water
Mass
90 ~
90 Mega-kilograms per second!!!!!!! Thats on the order of the Heaviest Train ever, the
Australian BHP Iron Ore, 2001 record (99,700 tonnes)!!!!!!!!!!!
[38]
WAIT!!! Were still not done. What happens to all that water? Why doesnt it enter the Eye
at its top with the rest of the Closed Circuit Loop? Lets find out.
[ATTENTION: This may appear to be a deviation from our Rectification of the
Discontinuity of our First Model of the Closed Circuit Loop of the storm but in fact, it is a
Necessary Detour, for in exploring the Exodus of the Frozen Water Vapor Picked-Up by
the storm we shall gain a very useful Proof that shall aid us in our understanding of ALL
aspects of Hurricanes / Cyclones.]
COMPRESSIVE WAVE / TRUST DEHYDRATION
The Water Vapor that gets picked up by the exiting cold air at the Eyes base is carried
upward, through the adiabatic cooling fringes of the Thermal Threshold and to the top
entrance of the Eye. But the water vapor that is evaporated into the outside reservoir by the
exiting Eye winds does NOT enter the Eye with the outside air at the top. The water vapor is
instead pushed out of the outside reservoir creating the Exhaust Canopy (High Altitude Cloud
Outflow of Hurricane / Cyclones that configure into the signature Logarithmic Spiral of these
storms; see the Hurricane / Cyclone Closed Circuit Loop figure at the end of the pervious
section). This Exhaust Canopy, which for Phailin was 2414.016 km or 1,500 miles wide, is
all the frozen water vapor the storm picks up at its base being Explosive / Thrust Dehydrated
out of the Outside Reservoir at the top.
[44]
But what is this Nova Rationi of Explosive /
Trust Dehydration?
DEFINITION: Compressive Wave / Thrust Dehydration is the use of Acoustic Shockwaves
to forcibly separate solid particles (The Ice Crystals of Frozen Water Vapor) from the Fluid
126
they are suspended in and is the Filtration Mechanism used by Hurricanes / Cyclones to
screen the Entering Flow of the Eye.
OBJECTIVE: We shall prove the existence of this Phenomenon by calculating the
Compressive Wave / Thrust Pressure exerted by the top Virtual Surface of the Eye. How?
When the outside air cycles upward toward the Virtual Surface of the Eyes top entrance, that
Virtual Gateway represents a High Pressure Surface / Force Field. This Force Field Shields
the reentrance of the outside air acting as a Mechanism to Siphon-Off their Kinetic Energy
of the air that fluxes through it. This Siphoned-Off Energy is manifested as an Acoustic
Wave Front that emanates radically outward from the Force Field through the medium of the
Outside Reservoir and beyond into the surrounding Atmosphere;
LEX II: No Energy is absorbed by the Virtual Surface of the Force Field. The Force Field
ONLY Siphons (as Deflection Shield) or Imparts (an Impulse Shield) Energy from the Matter
that passes through it; A Shield is a Force Field that is actively Engaged with Matter and
Energy.
LEX III: Force Fields DO NOT interact with Real World Objects but they DO interact with
the Energy Dynamics of their system (The domain of the Physical Effect that generates them)
and that interaction CAN noticeably influence the behavior of Real World Objects governed
by that system.
[NOTE: We are still doing Real Science and NOT Science-Fiction. The terminology and
nomenclature of Real Science and Sci-fi have merely overlapped in our exploration of the
Universe. And yes, this was intentional. Thats because the benefit of this strange encounter
provides some semblance of what is being discussed here even though the frontier we are in
is undiscovered. So, please continue reading because we promise there is a Tremendously
Wonderful Pay-off in applying these LEXI to our Physical Exploration of Super / Very
Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin.]
{NOTE: A complete list of the Laws of Virtual Surfaces / Force Fields shall be provided in
Appendix B of this paper.]
The amount of Kinetic Energy the Force Field Siphons from the entering air almost equals
the amount of Kinetic Energy Imparted to it when it exited the Force Field at the base of the
Eye.
[REMEMBER: We have already proven that the Kinetic Energy of exiting air imparted to it
a velocity of 66.6 meters per second and that the Kinetic Energy of the entering air is Zero.
This is where the Energy between the two Gateways went, into the generation of the Acoustic
Wave Front Filtration Mechanism of Compressive Wave / Thrust Dehydration.]
But not all the Energy is removed from the entering air. Recall, that the Rate of Voidance of
the Cold Reservoir has a bearing on Flux of both Gateways (top and bottom). So, we can
view the traffic at the top Gateway as thus;
The entering air fluxes thought the top Force Field and most but not all of its Kinetic Energy
is Siphoned-Off, just enough remains latent to allow it to smoothly occupy the Cold
127
Reservoir in Harmony with the Cold Reservoirs Rate of Voidance, thus maintaining the
continuity of the Closed Circuit Loop (CAVEAT VII). Therefore we can explicitly calculate
the energy that is Siphoned-Off by the top Force Field through finding the Mathematical
Difference between the Exiting airs velocity and the Rate of Descent of the Cold Reservoir;
[NOTE: We shall use the density of the cold air for both velocities since the Closed Circuit
Loop of the storm starts and finishes in the Cold Reservoir.]
Descent Exit Siphon
KE KE E =
[quum X]
Where,
Exit
KE
is the Kinetic Energy of the exiting air given by;
2 2
2
1
2
1
Exit Outside Cold Exit
v V mv KE = =
And
Descent
KE
is the Kinetic Energy of the Descending Cold Reservoir air given by
2 2
2
1
2
1
Descent Cold Cold Descent
v V mv KE = =
Plugging these in gives this expression:
Descent Exit Siphon
KE KE E =
2 2
2
1
2
1
Descent Cold Cold Exit Outside Cold Siphon
v V v V E =
By CAVEAT V;
Flux Cold Outside
V V V = =
:
( )
2 2
2
1
Descent Exit Flux Cold Siphon
v v V E =
By the Algebraic Rules for Special Products of Binomials.
[30]
( )
2 2
2
1
v v V E =
[Nova quatione I]
( )( )
Descent Exit Descent Exit Flux Cold Siphon
v v v v V E + =
2
1
128
Again applying CAVEAT II (
Cold Outside
V V =
) and dividing both sides by the Volume of the
Cold Reservoir give us an expression in term of Pressure;

( )( )
Descent Exit Descent Exit Flux Cold Siphon
v v v v V E + =
2
1
( )( )
Descent Exit Descent Exit Cold Siphon
v v v v P + =
2
1
( )
2 2
2
1
Descent Exit Cold Siphon
v v P =
[Nova quatione II]
This expression for the Difference between the two Dynamic Pressures on both sides of the
Force Field the air fluxes through is the pressure of the Compression Wave emanating from
the surface of the Force Field.
Where,
2
Exit
v
is the Velocity of the exiting air:
s
m
v
Exit
59766167 . 66 =
Cold

3
5508 . 1
m
kg
Cold
=
at
C
55
or
K 15 . 218
)
[13]
And,
2
Descent
v
Rate of Descent of the Cold Reservoir:
s
m
v
Cold
Descent
10292324 . 1 =
This Compression Wave Pressure is:
( )( )
Descent Exit Descent Exit Cold Siphon
v v v v P + =
2
1
( )
2 2
2
1
v v V E =
(
(
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2 2
3
10292324 . 1 59766167 . 66 5508 . 1
2
1
s
m
s
m
m
kg
P
Siphon
(
(
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
3
148491 . 438 , 3
s
m
m
kg
P
Siphon
Pascal
ms
kg
s m
kgm
s
m
m
kg
s
m
m
kg
s
m
m
kg
= = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
(
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2 2 3
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
3
Then,
129
2
3
148491 . 438 , 3
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
kg
P
Siphon
2
148491 . 438 , 3
ms
kg
P
Siphon
=
Pa P
Siphon
3
10 438148491 . 3 =
Or,
kPa P
Siphon
438 . 3 ~
[Quod Erat Demonstrandum][Quod Erat Faciendum]
3.438 kilo-Pascal!!!!! Thats the exact Vapor Pressure required to make water at Room
Temperature (
C
22 +
or
K 15 . 295
) boil!!!!!!
[33]
This is the pressure on the Surface of the top
Force Field. [Objectivo Completus]
[NOTE: This Pressure remains Constant on the surface of the top Shield. Its consistency is
the Thrust aspect of the Compressive Wave / Thrust Dehydration Process; we shall
Mathematically prove this momentarily.]
This bring us to,
LEX IV: The Ration between Dynamic Pressure of the Impulse Shield and the Siphon
pressure of the Deflection Shield is called the Shield Ratio and defines the Conservation of
Energy for the System.
Dynamic
Siphon
Ratio
P
P
S =
[Hoc Modo]
The exiting airs Dynamic Pressure at the base of the Eye that we calculated earlier was:
Pa P
Total
3
10 4390917 . 3 = A
; making this Siphon Pressure:
% 97 . 99 999725738 . 0
10 4390917 . 3
10 148491 . 438 , 3
3
3
~ =
=
Pa
Pa
S
Ratio
99.97% of the initial exiting airs Dynamic Pressure.
LEX V: All Force Fields are at the Interface between the distinct regions of the domain in
which the Physical Effect that generates them has influence and function as Energy
Phantoms that connect to and engage environments on behave of their source, the Physical
Effect. (The Ghostly Gatekeepers are Physical Effects having Outer-body Experiences.)
LEX VI: Force Fields ALWAYS manifest in pairs. One is Impulsive, imparting energy to its
Flux and the other Deflective, siphoning that same amount of energy from its Flux. This
maintains that the Total Energy of the System be Conserved because Force Fields DO NOT
130
store, create OR possess any energy: (Think of them as Flux Capacitors that only have
energy if something is fluxing through them.
LEX VII: Force Fields manifest themselves across locality from their source at the Speed of
Communication of the medium they are Engaged in. (The Speed of Communication is the
maximum velocity the medium can transmit Energy / Information. For Fluids the Speed of
Communication is the Speed of Sound.)
LEX VIII: The Flux that transcends the threshold of the Force Field is called a Warp. The
Warp, Deflector and Impulse Fluxes are all measured in Stamen (St) or Imaginary Newton
and is the product of the Flux Mass Flow Rate and its velocity:
Stamen Newton
s
kgm
s
m
s
kg
v R
Flux
Warp
Mass
= = = |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
[Novis Concorporatio]
Stamen is the Latin word for Warp, the Stream of Destiny loomed by the Fates and the
etymological father of the word Stamina or Staying Power and anything that fluxes
through the Shield has more power (energy) than the Shield since it was not stopped by it.
[45]
For out top Eye Shield:
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = =
s
m
s
kg
v R v R v R
Cold
Descent
Outside
Mass Enter
Outside
Mass Flux
Warp
Mass
10292324 . 1 5 . 285 , 936 , 253
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = =
s
m
s
kg
v R v R v R
Cold
Descent
Outside
Mass Enter
Outside
Mass Flux
Warp
Mass
8 . 230 , 072 , 280
2
8 . 230 , 072 , 280
s
kgm
v R v R v R
Cold
Descent
Outside
Mass Enter
Outside
Mass Flux
Warp
Mass
= = =
N v R v R v R
Cold
Descent
Outside
Mass Enter
Outside
Mass Flux
Warp
Mass
8 . 230 , 072 , 280 = = =
St v R v R v R
Cold
Descent
Outside
Mass Enter
Outside
Mass Flux
Warp
Mass
8 . 230 , 072 , 280 = = =
St v R v R v R
Cold
Descent
Outside
Mass Enter
Outside
Mass Flux
Warp
Mass
8
10 80072230 . 2 = = =
Or,
MSt v R v R v R
Cold
Descent
Outside
Mass Enter
Outside
Mass Flux
Warp
Mass
1 . 280 ~ = =
280.1 Mega-Stamen!!!!! Thats on the order of One-Half of the simplistic estimate of force of
sunlight on Earth!!!!!!!
[24]
For the bottom Eye Shield:
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= =
s
m
s
kg
v R v R
Exit
Cold
Mass Flux
pluse
Mass
59766167 . 66 9 . 010 , 899 , 343
Im
131
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= =
s
m
s
kg
v R v R
Exit
Cold
Mass Flux
pluse
Mass
10 Im
10 290286998 . 2
2
10 Im
10 290286998 . 2
s
kgm
v R v R
Exit
Cold
Mass Flux
pluse
Mass
= =
N v R v R
Exit
Cold
Mass Flux
pluse
Mass
10 Im
10 290286998 . 2 = =
St v R v R
Exit
Cold
Mass Flux
pluse
Mass
10 Im
10 290286998 . 2 = =
Or,
GSt v R v R
Exit
Cold
Mass Flux
pluse
Mass
23
Im
~ =
23 Giga-Stamen!!!!!!! There is no known reference of a Force on this Order of
Magnitude!!!!!!!!
[24]

[NOTE: We shall calculate the top Eye Shield Force for the Deflection after we find the
Velocity of the Frozen Water Vapor.]
CONSIDER: The Format of these Equations for Shield Stamen coincide with the First
Equations for Rocket Thrust (which also have the Units of Force in Newton):
Thrust v R v R
Rocket
Burnd
Fuel Flux
Flux
Mass
= =
[Ex Imaginatius Propellus Navis]
Thus our Nomenclature of Compressive Wave / Thrust Dehydration.
LEX IX: Since Force Fields do not possess any energy one method of measuring their
simple Strength (in terms of Force) is via the Natural Log of the Ratio between the Impulse
Flux over the Warp Flux (Later we shall measure a Shields Strength in reference to more
Real World Physical Quantities to solidify its validity as a useful Mathematical tool for the
Physical Sciences). The Equation of Warp Factor:
|
.
|
\
|
=
W
I
W
Factor
ln
[Hoc Modo]
Here a Ratio of Unity (
1
1
) means the Impulse Flux equals the Warp Flux and corresponds to a
Shield of Zero Energy (Collapsed) and Ratio of Undefined (
0
1
) means that nothing
penetrates the Shield and that all incident Flux is Deflected off it (Holding).
For the top Shield:
|
.
|
\
|
=
W
I
W
Factor
ln
132
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
St
St
W
Factor
8
10
10 80072230 . 2
10 290286998 . 2
ln
( ) 77486922 . 81 ln =
Factor
W
403969974 . 4 =
Factor
W
Or,
4 . 4 ~
Factor
W
For the bottom Shield Warp Flux equals Impulse Flux so;
|
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
=
I
I
W
I
W
Factor
ln ln
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
St
St
W
Factor
10
10
10 290286998 . 2
10 290286998 . 2
ln
( ) 1 ln =
Factor
W
0 =
Factor
W
Or,
Collapse W
Factor

Returning to our exploration, we can use our new value for the Siphon Pressure to find the
velocity of the Water Vapor as it is forced out of the Closed Circuit Loop of the storm. How?
WAVE DYNAMICS
When the exiting air leaves the base of the Eye and cycles up to the top entrance the air flow
between the gateways can be viewed as Longitudinal Wave having its Compression region
(High Density) being represented by the Siphon Pressure of the top Force Field and its
Expansion region (Low Density) being the Gateway Pressure of the bottom Force Field.. The
Low density region at the bottom of the Eye is where the exiting air Picks-Up the Water
Vapor and is analogous to a Sponge in doing so. Therefore the Volume the Water Vapor
occupies is the Volume of Free Space that is between the expanded air molecules of the
exiting air. At the top of the Eye the air is compressed by the top Force Fields Siphon
Pressure Wringing Out the excess volume and thus the water vapor that occupies it
separating the frozen solid particles from the air before it enters the Eye. The Physics of
Waves allows us to use the Siphon Pressure we calculated as the value for the Bulk Modulus
or the Change in Pressure that generates Longitudinal Waves in order to calculate the
Translational Velocity of the Frozen Water Vapor thrust out of the Closed Circuit Loop of
the storm.
[12]
133
Outside
Siphon
Vapor
B
v
=
Where,
Siphon
B
is the Siphon Pressure:
2
148491 . 438 , 3
ms
kg
P
Siphon
=
And,
Outside

3
1644 . 1
m
kg
Outside
=
(
C
30 +
or
K 15 . 303
)
[13]
Plugging in our values gives;
Outside
Siphon
Vapor
B
v
=
3
2
1644 . 1
148491 . 438 , 3
m
kg
ms
kg
v
Vapor
=
3
2
33894677 . 54
m
kg
ms
kg
v
Vapor
=
Velocity
s
m
s
m
kg ms
kgm
kg
m
ms
kg
m
kg
ms
kg
= = = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
2
3 3
2
3
2
Then,
3
2
33894677 . 54
m
kg
ms
kg
v
Vapor
=
s
m
v
Vapor
33894677 . 54 =
s
m
v
Vapor
1
10 433894677 . 5 =
134
Or,
s
m
v
Vapor
3 . 54 ~
54.3 meters per second or about 122 miles-per-hour!!!!!!! Thats faster than the typical peak
speed of a local service train and right in the wind speed rage of Tropical Cyclone
Classification of a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm or Category 4 Hurricane!!!!!!!
[46]
Notice that
this velocity is slower than the exiting air velocity (which should have been expected).
RETRO-ANALYSIS I
Now that we know the velocity of the Frozen Water Vapor we can calculate the Force for the
top Eye Shield Deflection:
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= =
s
m
s
kg
v R v R
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass
33894677 . 54 4 . 725 , 962 , 89
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= =
s
m
s
kg
v R v R
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass
060 , 475 , 888 , 4
2
060 , 475 , 888 , 4
s
kgm
v R v R
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass
= =
N v R v R
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass
060 , 475 , 888 , 4 = =
St v R v R
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass
060 , 475 , 888 , 4 = =
St v R v R
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass
9
10 888475060 . 4 = =
Or,
GSt v R v R
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass
89 . 4 ~ =
4.89 Giga-Stamen!!!!!! Again there is no known reference of a Force on this order of
Magnitude!!!!!!!!
[24]
WAIT!!! Were still not done. Lets explore the Path the Vapor Outflow takes. How?
OUTFLOW DYNAMICS
As the Frozen Water Vapor radiates outward from the Eye of the Strom this Exhaust Canopy
takes on a very characteristic shape known as a Logarithmic Spiral. Logarithmic Spirals also
called the Miraculous Spiral by Jacob Bernoulli (1654/55-1705)
^
are the signatures of
^
Jacob Bernoulli (1654/55-1705) the Swiss Mathematician, Theologian and Minister was
Daniel Bernoullis father. Bernoulli and his brother Johann Bernoulli (1667 1748), were
two for the founding members of the Calculus of Variations. Bernoulli was born during the
initiation the Roman Catholic conversion from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar
135
Hurricanes / Cyclones and many other mysterious phenomena in our Universe.
[47][48]
We
can, through application of our new variables of the Siphon Pressure and the strength of the
top Shields (Stamen), Formulate the Logarithmic Spiral of Super Cyclonic Storm Phailin. All
we have to do is Mathematically Formulate the Wave Functions for the Deflector and
Impulse streams of the top Shield and Super-Position them. We can do these by using the
Sinusoidal Functions for waves. But before we do we have to highlight something we have
inadvertently just proven, before it passes by unnoticed
VECTOR DYNAMICS
A quick word on Vectors; Vectors are Virtual Mathematical Modeling tools that can be used
to solve many diverse and difficult problems in the Real World questions of Physics and
Engineering. While being very agile, vectors would not have been an easy choice to use in
finding the velocity of the frozen water vapor or (as we are about to perform) the formulation
of its Wave Function. The Path of Lest Action was to use our new tool of Virtual Surface /
Force Fields Mathematical Modeling for a simplification of the Real World dynamics:
CONSIDER: The Force / Pressure of the top Shield pushes the Frozen Water Vapor out of
the storms wind cycle imparting to the Water Vapor the full force / pressure of the top
Shield. During this acceleration the Frozen Water Vapor Deflects in a big curve outward
(Concave) from the Eye. This bending of the Frozen Water Vapor stream out of the wind
stream is physically manifested in the form of The Stadium Effect the effect of the top
portion of the Eye Wall appearing to recess backwards while being capped with an
overhanging roof. This shape is reminiscent of a professional Sports Stadiums (thus the
name).
This Pressure can be accurately (though very tediously) represented by Vectors but the
understanding of the phenomena that causes the Stadium Effect that was provide through the
calculation of the Siphon Pressure could have only been discovered through the application
of Virtual Surfaces / Force Fields.
Returning to the Formulation of the Wave Functions;
WAVE DYNAMICS
Concerning the Wave Dynamics of the storm a new Caveat must be stated;
CAVEAT 11: The Outflow of Frozen Water Vapor from the top Shield of Hurricane /
Cyclones takes on the signature pattern of a Logarithmic Spiral. This Logarithmic Spiral
pattern is the result of the Impulse and Deflection streams Interference pattern represented in
two dimensional spaces as a Surface Wave deforming the Troposphere / Tropopause
Interface (surface).
in Catholic Kingdoms. Later Protestant kingdoms also made the conversion but the delay in
conversion by the Protestant kingdoms require dates circa the 16
th
century to be expressed in
both methods and thus the dates 1654 (by the Julian calendar) and 1655 (by the Gregorian
calendar) for his year of birth.
[50][49]

136
The Mathematical Formulation of waves requires a sinusoidal function, Amplitude
Coefficient and an expression for the time-varying motion called the Phase Constant
represented in this equation;
[12]
( ) t kx A U
Exit Gate pulse
e = sin
Im
[Ab De Circulum]
( ) t kx A U
Vapor Cork Deflect
e + = sin
[Ab De Circulum]
[NOTE: We are using a Sine Function because we are modeling the motion of the Siphon
Pressure through the atmosphere and not the motion of the wave itself: There is a distinction.
The Pressure Wave Function describes the influence the wave exerts on its surroundings.
Therefore the Pressure Wave Functions describe the patterns for the Frozen Water Vapor as
they flow out from the storm and into the Atmosphere surrounding it.]
[NOTE: The Plus Sign in the Deflection Wave Functions Phase Constant indicates that it is
moving in the opposite direction of the Impulse Wave Function.]
Here, the Amplitude Confident for the Impulse Wave Function is the Exiting Gateway
Pressure on the bottom Shield. Since this Shield has a Warp factor of zero the Amplitude
Coefficient equals the Change in Total Pressure for the exiting air that we calculated in the
previous section of this paper.
Pa P P
Total Gate
3
10 4390917 . 3 = A =
And the Amplitude Confident for the Deflector Wave Function is the Siphon Pressure on the
top Shield:
Pa P
Siphon
3
10 438148491 . 3 =
So, what do we use for our other variables? Well, look closely at the wave functions. Do you
see anything familiar?
HOOKES LAW
Robert Hookes (1635 1703) Law
^
gives the force of a spring. A spring is a (Linear) Simple
Harmonic Oscillator (the simplest in fact.) Hookes Law is expressed as:
[12]
kx F
Spring
=
^
Robert Hooke (1635 1703) the English Natural Philosopher, Architect and Polymath,
Curator of experiments for the Royal Society of London and Major Contributor of Surveys of
the aftermath of the catastrophic Great Fire of London. Hookes tentative research of
Gravitation put him at odds with another member of the Royal Society, English Physicist and
Mathematician Sir Isaac Newton (1642 1727), as to who first discovered the Inverse
Square Law that Gravity follows.
[51][52]

137
And since Forces, are forces, are forces we can translate Hookes Law into an equivalence of
the Force / Pressure of our Force Field:
Cork Siphon Spring
A P kx F = =
Also, if we refer to LEX VII we can see that the Force of our Force Field for the Impulse and
the Deflection streams allows us to substitute them into their respective Wave Functions for
the kx term.
Exit
Cold
Mass Flux
pluse
Mass Gate Gate
pulse
Spring
v R v R A P kx F = = = =
Im Im
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass Cork Siphon
Deflect
Spring
v R v R A P kx F = = = =
[NOTE: This is a very unusual method but it is allowed because the Dimensions (Units) are
the same (Newton = Stamen) because our Spring is a Linear Simple Harmonic
Oscillator.
[12]
]
[NOTE: We have omitted the minus sign of the Spring Force in our equation because the
minus sign indicates a Restorative Force that is always directed toward the Equilibrium
Position of the Spring but here our Spring only pushes away from its equilibrium position,
that is, upward against the Cold Reservoirs weight and thus away from the base of the Eye.]
The Wave Functions now look like this:
( ) t v R A U
Exit Flux
pluse
Mass Gate pulse
e =
Im
Im
sin
[Ab De Circulum]
( ) t v R A U
Vapor Flux
Deflect
Mass Cork Deflect
e + = sin
[Ab De Circulum]
Where,
Vapor
e
is the Angular Frequency of the Wave Functions give by,
m
k
Spring
Vapor

2
e
[Ab De Unda]
Where
k
is the Spring Constant given by,
Displace
Gate
Spring
x
F
k =
Displace
x
is the spring displacement for the system. In our model the Mechanical spring is
the Non-Fluid Warm Reservoir (CAVEAT I) so we shall use its Equilibrium Height (3175
m) as the Springs Displacement. Therefore;
138
Displace
Gate
Spring
x
F
k =
m
St
k
Spring
175 , 3
10 290286998 . 2
10
=
m
St
k
Spring
356 . 502 , 213 , 7 =
) (
2 2
2
Tension Surface Meter per Newton
s
kg
m s
kgm
m
s
kgm
m
N
m
St
= = = = =
Then,
m
St
k
Spring
356 . 502 , 213 , 7 =
m
St
k
Spring
356 . 502 , 213 , 7 =
m
N
k
Spring
356 . 502 , 213 , 7 =
m
N
k
Spring
6
10 213502356 . 7 =
Or,
m
N
M k
Spring
21 . 7 ~
[Quos Erat Faciendum]
7.21 Mega-Newton per Meter!!!!!! Thats on the order of four times the thrust of Space
Shuttle Main Engine at Lift-Off (But, here considering per Meter of Displacement)!!!!!!!
[24]
[ALERT: Our ability to use the Shields Force in our wave functions and the modeling of the
warm reservoir as a mechanical Spring is in fact the validation of CAVEAT I and LEX I and
LEX IV of Virtual Surfaces / Force Fields proving that the force on the top Shield IS the
Projected Energy of the Warm Reservoirs Thermal Energy in opposition to the Cold
Reservoir Gravitational Energy manifested in the form of a Virtual Surface.]
Taking this one Spring Constant for the entire storm system and dividing it by the Mass of
exiting Eye air:
kg R
Cold
Mass
8
10 438990109 . 3 =
and mass of the frozen water vapor:
kg R
Water
Mass
7
10 99627254 . 8 =
gives the Angular Frequency of Impulse and Deflection waves.
(Respectively) Lets calculate the Impulse Wave Function first;
139
Cold
Spring
Exit
m
k
2
e
kg
m
N
Exit
8
6
2
10 438990109 . 3
10 213502356 . 7
e
kg
m
N
Exit
020975641 . 0
2
e
Squared Hertz
s kg s
kg
kg
s
kg
kg
m
N
= = = =
2 2
2
1
Then,
kg
m
N
Exit
020975641 . 0
2
e
2 2
020975641 . 0 Hz
Exit
e
2 2 2
10 0975641 . 2 Hz
Exit

e
Or,
2 2
1 . 2 cHz
Exit
~ e
2.1 centi-Hertz Squared!!!!!
Taking the Square Root gives;
Cold
Spring
Exit
m
k
2
e
Cold
Spring
Exit
m
k
e
2
020975641 . Hz
Exit
e
Hz
Exit
144829698 . 0 e
140
Hertz
s s
Hz = = =
1 1
2
2
Then,
2
144829698 . 0 Hz
Exit
e
Hz
Exit
144829698 . 0 e
Hz
Exit
1
10 44829698 . 1

e
Or,
dHz
Exit
45 . 1 ~ e
1.45 deci-Hertz!!!!!! Thats on the order of the Angular Frequency of the Second Hand on an
Analog Clock or One Revolution per Minute (rpm)!!!!!!!!!!!
[53][54]
Now, lets calculate the Angular Frequency of the Deflection stream;
Vapor
Spring
Vapor
m
k
2
e
kg
m
N
Vapor
7
6
2
10 99627254 . 8
10 213502356 . 7
e
kg
m
N
Vapor
080183235 . 0
2
e
Squared Hertz
s kg s
kg
kg
s
kg
kg
m
N
= = = =
2 2
2
1
Then,
kg
m
N
Vapor
080183235 . 0
2
e
2 2
080183235 . 0 Hz
Vapor
e
2 2 2
10 0183235 . 8 Hz
Vapor

e
141
Or,
2 2
02 . 8 cHz
Vapor
~ e
Taking the Square Root gives;
Vapor
Spring
Vapor
m
k
2
e
Vapor
Spring
Vapor
m
k
e
2
080183235 . 0 Hz
Vapor
e
Hz
Vapor
283166444 . 0 e
Hertz
s s
Hz = = =
1 1
2
2
[ALERT: Though the unit Hertz is a commonly used Unit in equations dealing with the
Power / Frequency Dynamics of systems it is not the Standard unit for measuring Angular
Frequency.
[55]
Its use here means that our Wave Functions can and should be view as not just
as Waves but as Signals.
[56]
The difference between the Impulse and Deflection streams
angular velocities is the Shield Frequency for the Top Eye Force Field. We shall calculate
this difference monetarily as it plays a principal part in the formation of the signature
Logarithmic Spiral of the storms outflow: The Standard Unit for Angular Frequency is the
Radian-per-Second.
[57]
]
Then,
2
283166444 . 0 Hz
Vapor
e
Hz
Vapor
283166444 . 0 e
Hz
Vapor
1
10 83166444 . 2

e
Or,
dHz
Vapor
83 . 2 ~ e
2.82 deci-Hertz!!!!!! Again thats on the order of the Angular Frequency of the Second Hand
on an Analog Clock or One Revolution per Minute (rpm)!!!!!!!!!!!
[53][54]
142
PHASE SHIFT
Now that we have the Angular Velocities for both the Wave Functions, we can find the Phase
Difference or Phase Shift (
|
) between the two waves. The Phase Shift is the difference in the
number of cycles or wavelengths the two waves complete per second. This Phase Shift is
Mathematically expressed as;
t
Phase
e | A =
[Tempore]
Where,
Exit Vapor Phase
e e e =
Plugging in our variables we get;
Exit Vapor Phase
e e e =
Hz Hz
Phase
144829698 . 0 283166444 . 0 = e
Hz
Phase
138336746 . 0 = e
Hz
Phase
1
10 38336746 . 1

= e
Or,
dHz
Phase
38 . 1 ~ e
1.38 deci-Hertz!!!!! This Mathematical Difference between the two Wave Functions is not
only their Phase Shift but also represents the Frequency of our top Force Field. This means
that anything leaving the shield (the Frozen Water Vapor) has this angular frequency.
Consequentially this Shield Frequency also means that anything matching this Angular
Frequency can penetrate the Shield and / or flow out from it along the Signal / Interference
pattern of the Logarithmic Spiral.
[NOTE: The Phase Shift between the Impulse and the Deflection Waves constitute the
Dynamics of Beat / Harmonic (Standing Wave) systems.
[12]
]
LEX X: The Phase Shift between the Impulse and Deflection streams of a Shield define the
Shields Frequency and anything penetrating through it has the same Angular Frequency of
the Shield (or some Multiple Wavelength, i.e.: Resonance.) (The Phase Shift defines the
Shibboleth that grants passage through the Shield.)
LEX XI: Though Force Fields DO NOT store any Energy they can be represented as objects
that possess Phantom Vibrational Energy that is expressed as the Shield Frequency (which
we should have expected since the Shield generate Waves) This Phantom Vibrational
Energy can be used to qualify the Shields Energy in term of a Sinusoidal wave whos
Amplitude is the Siphon Pressure of the Shield, Force terms are the Summation of the
143
Impulse and Deflection streams forces and whos Angular Velocity is the Phase Shift
between the Impulse and Deflection streams formulates the Shield Equation;
( ) | + = ) ( sin
Im
Im
Deflect
Deflect
Mass pulse
pluse
Mass Siphon Shield
v R v R A U
( ) t v R v R A U
Phase Deflect
Deflect
Mass pulse
pluse
Mass Siphon Shield
e A + = ) ( sin
Im
Im
( ) t v R v R A U
Exit Vapor Deflect
Deflect
Mass pulse
pluse
Mass Siphon Shield
) ( ) ( sin
Im
Im
e e + =
( ) t F A U
Phase D I Siphon Shield
) ( ) ( sin
,
e A E =
[Nova quatione III]
SHIELD ENERGY DYNAMICS
Before we continue, as promised, we shall explain an alternate method for evaluating the
strength of a shield, this time in reference of the Real World Quantity that Virtual Surface /
Force Fields do actually interact with, Energy.
In Physics of Thermodynamics, Classical Dynamics, Gravitation, Optics, Quantum
Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics and Electronics Virtual Surface / Force Fields directly lend
themselves as useful Mathematical tools. They are curiously analogous to Bandwidth (the
Angular Frequencies of the Impulse and Deflector streams being the upper and low limits of
the band range) and Harmonic Oscillators. We can therefore define the Quality Factor of a
Shield;
LEX XII: The Q-Factor of a simple Harmonic Oscillator is a Dimensionless Ratio between
the Energy stored in the Shield over the Energy Dissipated by the Shield and is used to gauge
of the quality of the oscillator to freely oscillate. Though Virtual Surfaces / Force Fields DO
NOT store any Energy in them this idea is still applicable if we use the Energy for the Exiting
Eye air as the Energy Stored term and the Siphon Energy of the Stream Deflected off the
Shield as the Energy Dissipated term.
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
" "
" "
2
Dissipated Energy
Stored Energy
Q
Factor
t
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
Siphon
Exit
Factor
E
E
Q t 2
[Hoc Modo]
( )
( )
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2 2
2
2
1
2
1
2
Descent Exit Flux Cold
Exit Flux Cold
Factor
v v V
v V
Q
t
LEX XIII Thus the Phantom Energy of the Shield IS the Siphon Energy expressed by the
equation we stated earlier;
( )
2 2
2
1
v v V E =
[Nova quatione I]
144
To realize this we must make the analogy to the Quantum Phenomenon of the Tunneling
Particles Energy being conserved while only its Amplitude changes (The change in the
Amplitude is the Siphon Pressure of the Deflection Stream as we calculated earlier).
[58]

Using this knowledge we can quickly evaluate the Quality of the Shield in regard to being a
Simple Harmonic Oscillator;
[NOTE: The Energy of the Siphon (Deflector) Wave is also the Energy of the Shield.]
Translating this into the language of Waves via the Energy of a Spring gives for the Siphon
(Deflection) wave:
For the Exiting wave;

Spring Inter
U E =
2 2
2
1
2
1
Displace Exit Flux Cold
kx v V =
Where,
Exit
Spring
Exit
m
k
2
e
The Mass of the Exiting Stream is given by its the Mass Flow Rate:
( ) kg R
Cold
Mass
9 . 010 , 899 , 343 =
.
Renders,
Cold
Mass
Spring
Exitr
Spring
Exit
R
k
m
k
=
2
e
Renders;
Spring Inter
U E =
2 2
2
1
2
1
Displace Exit Flux Cold
kx v V =
2 2 2
2
1
2
1
Displace Exitr Exit Exit Flux Cold
x m v V e =
2 2 2
2
1
2
1
Displace
Cold
Mass Exit Exit Flux Cold
x R v V e =
Where once more
Displace
x
is again the Height of the Warm Reservoir: 3,175 m.
For the Siphoned Energy of the Deflector Stream:
145
Spring Siphon
U E =
( )
2 2 2
2
1
2
1
Displace Descent Exit Flux Cold
kx v v V =
Given that;
Water
Mass
Spring
Vapor
Spring
Vapor
R
k
m
k
=
2
e
The Mass of the Frozen Water Vapor Stream is given by its the Mass Flow Rate:
( ) kg R
Water
Mass
4 . 725 , 962 , 89 =
.
Renders;
Spring Siphon
U E =
( )
2 2 2
2
1
2
1
Displace Descent Exit Flux Cold
kx v v V =
( )
2 2 2 2
2
1
2
1
Displace Vapor Vapor Descent Exit Flux Cold
x m v v V e =
( )
2 2 2 2
2
1
2
1
Displace
Water
Mass Vapor Descent Exit Flux Cold
x R v v V e =
Where
Displace
x
is again the Height of the Warm Reservoir: 3,175 m.
Substituting these into the Q-Factor yields;
( )
( )
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2 2
2
2
1
2
1
2
Exit Flux Cold
Factor
v v V
v V
Q
t
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2 2
2 2
2
1
2
1
2
Displace
Water
Mass Vapor
Displace
Cold
Mass Phase
Factor
x R
x R
Q
e
e
t
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
Water
Mass Vapor
Cold
Mass Phase
Factor
R
R
Q
2
2
2
e
e
t
( )( )
( )( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
kg Hz
kg Hz
Q
Factor
4 . 725 , 962 , 89 283166444 . 0
9 . 010 , 899 , 343 138336746 . 0
2t
146
( )( )
( )( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
kg Hz
kg Hz
Q
Factor
04 . 425 , 474 , 25
12 . 870 , 573 , 47
2t
( )( )
( )( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
kg Hz
kg Hz
Q
Factor
86751497 . 1 2t
( )( )
( )( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
kg Hz
kg Hz
Q
Factor
73394262 . 11
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
ess Dimensionl
kg
kg
Hz
Hz
kg Hz
kg Hz
kg Hz
kg Hz
= = = = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
1 1 1
Then,
( )( )
( )( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
kg Hz
kg Hz
Q
Factor
73394262 . 11
73394262 . 11 =
Factor
Q
Or,
73 . 11 ~
Factor
Q
Which is a very low Q-Factor for an oscillator to have, yet, it is keeping with the parameters
of our system since the displaying of Logarithmic Spirals are evidence of Under-Damper
Oscillators and Electronic Resistors with High Energy Loss Rates each having its Q-Factor
greater than 0.5.
[58][59][60]
Lets now Formulate this Signal / Interference Equation of the Logarithmic Spiral;
INTERFERENCE
While the Impulse Streams (and therefore its Wave Function) impacts the tops Shield the
Deflector stream (and therefore its Wave Function also) exports from the top Shield too
causing Interference. To Model this interference among the two waves we must
Mathematically combine them using Super-Positioning Principle to find the resultant wave
they create.
Deflect pulse Inter
U U U + =
Im
[Simul Equal Unum]
( ) ( ) t v R A t v R A U
Vapor Vapor
Deflect
Mass Cork Exit Exit
pluse
Mass Gate Inter
e e + + = sin sin
Im
147
[REMEMBER: By LEX IV The Siphon Pressure of the Deflection Wave Function is
99.97% of the Dynamic Pressure of the exiting air so we can approximate them as equivalent
Amplitudes:
Shield Cork Gate
A A A = ~
.]
( ) ( ) t v R A t v R A U
Vapor Vapor
Deflect
Mass Cork Exit Exit
pluse
Mass Gate Inter
e e + + = sin sin
Im
( ) ( ) t v R A t v R A U
Vapor Vapor
Deflect
Mass Shield Exit Exit
pluse
Mass Shield Inter
e e + + = sin sin
Im
( ) ( ) | | t v R t v R A U
Vapor Vapor
Deflect
Mass Exit Exit
pluse
Mass Shield Inter
e e + + = sin sin
Im
( ) ( ) | | t F t F A U
Vapor Deflect Exit pulse Shield Inter
e e + + = sin sin
Im
[REMEMBER: This
|
is the Phase Shift between the two waves and is given by;
t t
Vapor Exit Phase
) ( e e e | = A =
]
From the Trigonometric Identities we get:
[12]
( )
( ) t F F
t F F A U
Vapor Exit Deflect pulse
Vapor Exit Deflect pulse Shield Inter
) ( ) (
2
1
sin
] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
Im
Im
e e
e e
+
+ =
( ) ( ) t F t F A U
Phase Shield waves Shield Shield Inter
) ( ) (
2
1
sin ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2 e e A E E A =
[NOTE: The Sine part in the above equation is the Shield Equation of LEX XI. The Cosine
part is the Pressure Amplitude term of the resultant wave. This means that the Signal /
Interference Equation IS an expression of the Shields Phantom Energy and is the agent
that permits this Phantom to be broadcast into the Real World environment surrounding the
storm.]
MATHEMATICAL METHODS
Now, as the Frozen Water Vapor outflows it does so like a wave spreading across the surface
of a pond. Therefore we must model our wave function in this manner, as a Surface Wave or
a wave in two dimensions. We shall accomplish this by deriving the Logarithmic Spiral
Equation for the Signal / Interference wave function and then plotting it onto the two-
dimensional surface of the top Troposphere / Tropopause.
[NOTE: A Visual overview of these data greatly improves our understanding of the storm so
we shall also plot the spiral for Super / Very Sever Cyclonic Storm Phailin: The
Tremendously Wonderful Pay-off we promised earlier.]
To formulate the Real World Equation for the Logarithmic Spiral of the storms Exhaust
Canopy output the Shields Signal / Interference wave function can be viewed as the Shields
method of Output or Radiation of Phantom Energy into the environment. As it does so, it
deforms the Troposphere / Tropopause interface with its Phantom Energy. (Like ripples in
148
a pond caused by a Stone, we are casting the top Shields Interference Wave Function /
Energy (the Stone) onto the Real World surface of the Troposphere / Tropopause interface
(the Pond) and the Visual Pattern that occurs is the result of Invisible Energy in the form of
Waves.) The movement of the Shields Signal / Interference Wave Function through the
medium of the atmosphere describes the shape of the storm. In order to do this projection we
have to mover from the Virtual World back into the Real World. How?
REVERSE FOURIER TRANSFORM
Jean Baptiste Fourier (1768 1830) Transforms
^
are Infinite Series Approximations using
Sine and Cosine functions for the projections of Real World Motion Dynamics into the
Complex (Imaginary) Plane and are very useful in the Physics of Waves, Oscillations and
Energy (It is only logical that our use of Virtual Surfaces / Force Fields would lead us here.)
But unlike the normal methodology for using Fourier Transforms, we are going to project
from the Complex (Imaginary) Plane onto the Real World Surface of the Troposphere /
Tropopause Interface: a Reverse Fourier Transformation.
Fourier Transforms use a Complex Plane to Mathematically represent the periodic motion of
a Real Effect onto an Imaginary Dimension.
[61]
Here the Imaginary part of Fouriers
Transform is the tops Shields Signal / Interference Wave Function (Obviously). The Real
part is the Cosine of this function, a wave representing the Displacement Wave Function of
the Signal / Interference wave generated by the top Shield. We must, therefore, in order to
continue formulate the Cosine Displacement Wave Function for the Real part of the Fourier
Transform.
WAVE DYNMAICS
All the variables for the Signal / Interference Wave Function hold true for the Displacement
Wave Function the only distinction between them is that this time we are formulating a
Sinusoidal Function with Cosine:
[12]
( ) t kx A U
Exit Gate pulse
e = cos
Im
[Ab De Circulum]
( ) t kx A U
Vapor Cork Deflect
e + = cos
[Ab De Circulum]
HOOKES LAW
Repeating our techniques of using Hookes Law for the
kx
terms of the waves gives us:
kx F
Spring
=
^
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768 1830) the French Mathematician and Physicist and
the inventor of the Mathematical Series, Transform and Physical Law that bear his name.
Fourier accompanied the Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte to Egypt where he as made Secretary
of the Institut d'gypte. Fourier later became Permanent Secretary of the French Academy of
Sciences and elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Fouriers
name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower.
[62]

149
Equivalence of the Force / Pressure of our Force Field:
Cork Siphon Spring
A P kx F = =
Again, if we refer to LEX VII we can see that the Force of our Force Field for the Impulse
and the Deflection streams allows us to substitute them into their respective Wave Functions
for the kx term.
Exit
Cold
Mass Flux
pluse
Mass Gate Gate
pulse
Spring
v R v R A P kx F = = = =
Im Im
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass Cork Siphon
Deflect
Spring
v R v R A P kx F = = = =
The Wave Functions now look like this:
( ) t v R A U
Exit Flux
pluse
Mass Gate pulse
e =
Im
Im
cos
( ) t v R A U
Vapor Flux
Deflect
Mass Cork Deflect
e + = cos
PHASE SHIFT
Our angular velocities for both the Wave Functions still apply and therefore so does the
Phase Difference or Phase Shift (
|
) between the two waves.
t
Phase
e | A =
[Tempore]
Where,
Exit Vapor Phase
e e e =
Plugging in our variables we get;
Exit Vapor Phase
e e e =
Hz Hz
Phase
144829698 . 0 283166444 . 0 = e
Hz
Phase
138336746 . 0 = e
Hz
Phase
1
10 38336746 . 1

= e
Or,
dHz
Phase
38 . 1 ~ e
1.38 deci-Hertz!!!!!
INTERFERENCE
150
The Interference of the Impulse Displacement wave and the Deflection Displacement waves
from the top Shield can again be modeled by Mathematically combine them using super-
positioning principle to find the resultant wave they create.
Deflect pulse Inter
U U U + =
Im
[Simul Equal Unum]
( ) ( ) t v R A t v R A U
Vapor Vapor
Deflect
Mass Cork Exit Exit
pluse
Mass Gate Inter
e e + + = cos cos
Im
[REMEMBER: Again by LEX IV The Siphon Pressure of the Deflection Wave Function is
99.97% of the Dynamic Pressure of the exiting air so we can approximate them as equivalent
Amplitudes:
Shield Cork Gate
A A A = ~
.]
( ) ( ) t v R A t v R A U
Vapor Vapor
Deflect
Mass Cork Exit Exit
pluse
Mass Gate Inter
e e + + = cos cos
Im
( ) ( ) t v R A t v R A U
Vapor Vapor
Deflect
Mass Shield Exit Exit
pluse
Mass Shield Inter
e e + + = cos cos
Im
( ) ( ) | | t v R t v R A U
Vapor Vapor
Deflect
Mass Exit Exit
pluse
Mass Shield Inter
e e + + = cos cos
Im
( ) ( ) | | t F t F A U
Vapor Deflect Exit pulse Shield Inter
e e + + = cos cos
Im
[REMEMBER: This
|
is the Phase Shift between the two waves and is given by;
t t
Vapor Exit Phase
) ( e e e | = A =
]
From the Trigonometric Identities we get:
[12]
( )
( ) t F F
t F F A U
Vapor Exit Deflect pulse
Vapor Exit Deflect pulse Shield Inter
) ( ) (
2
1
cos
] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
Im
Im
e e
e e
+
+ =
( ) ( ) t F t F A U
Waves Shield waves Shield Shield
al
Inter
) ( ) (
2
1
cos ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
Re
e e A E E A =
[Quod Erat Faciendum] [Privati-quatione III]
[NOTE: This Equation is the agent that permits this Phantom Energy of the tip Shield to
be broadcast into the Real World environment surrounding the storm.]
LEX XIV: The Real World Displacement Wave Function for the Phantom Energy (Signal
/ Interference) waves emanating from a Shield is the Cosine variant of the Shield Equation:
( ) | + = ) ( cos
Im
Im
Deflect
Deflect
Mass pulse
pluse
Mass Siphon Shield
v R v R A U
( ) t v R v R A U
Phase Deflect
Deflect
Mass pulse
pluse
Mass Siphon Shield
e A + = ) ( cos
Im
Im
( ) t v R v R A U
Exit Vapor Deflect
Deflect
Mass pulse
pluse
Mass Siphon Shield
) ( ) ( cos
Im
Im
e e + =
( ) t F A U
) ( ) ( cos
,
e A E =
[Nova quatione IV]
151
REVERSE FOURIER TRANSFORM
Now that we have the Real World expression for this Phantom Energy we can perform a
Reverse Fourier Transform:
The Fourier Transform Equation for the Complex Plane is;
iy x z + =
Where,
( ) ( ) t F A t F A A x
Waves Shield Siphon Phase D I Siphon
) ( ) (
2
1
cos ) ( ) ( cos cos
,
e e u A E = A E = =
And,
( ) ( ) t F A t F A Ai y
Phase Shield Siphon Phase D I Siphon
) ( ) (
2
1
sin ) ( ) ( sin sin
,
e e u A E = A E = =
And
i
is the Imaginary Unit defined as;
[61][63]
1
2
= i
Or,
1 = i
For the Real and Imaginary parts of the Complex Plane (x and y terms) the A term is the
Amplitude (Cosine part) of the top Shields Signal / Interference Wave Functions;
( )] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2 t F A A
waves Shield Shield
e E A =
Then,
u cos A x =
So,
( ) u e cos ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
)
`
E A = t F A U
waves Shield Shield
X
Inter
( ) ( ) t F t F A U
Phase D I waves Shield Shield
X
Inter
) ( ) ( cos ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
,
e e A E
)
`
E A =
152
( ) ( ) t F t F A U
Waves Shield waves Shield Shield
X
Inter
) ( ) (
2
1
cos ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2 e e A E
)
`
E A =
And,
u sin Ai y =
So,
( ) u e sin ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2 i t F A U
waves Shield Shield
Y
Inter
)
`
E A =
( ) ( ) t F i t F A U
Phase D I waves Shield Shield
Y
Inter
) ( ) ( sin ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
,
e e A E
)
`
E A =
( ) ( ) t F i t F A U
Phase Shield waves Shield Shield
Y
Inter
) ( ) (
2
1
sin ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2 e e A E
)
`
E A =
Plugging them into the Complex Plane Equation gives;
iy x z + =
[Ex Transulto]
u u sin cos Ai A iy x z + = + =
( ) u u sin cos i A iy x z + = + =
( ) ( ) u u e sin cos ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2 i t F A iy x z
waves Shield Shield
+
)
`
E A = + =
( )
( ) ( )
|
.
|
\
|
A E + A E
)
`
E A = + =
t F i t F
t F A iy x z
Phase Shield Waves Shield
waves Shield Shield
) ( ) (
2
1
sin ) ( ) (
2
1
cos
] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
e e
e
[Nondum]
This new Complex Plane form of the top Shields Signal / Interference wave function can be
simplified further using Leonhard Eulers (1707 1783) Formula
^
since;
[61][63]
( ) u u sin cos i A iy x z + = + =
^
Leonhard Euler (1707 1783) the pioneering Swiss Mathematician and Physicist also
renowned for his work in Mechanics, Fluid Dynamics, Optics, Astronomy, and Music
Theory. Euler is considered to be the Pre-eminent Mathematician of the 18th century and one
of the Greatest Mathematicians to have ever lived. Euler is also one of the most prolific
mathematicians covering many topics in the fields of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences.
Having vision in only the left eye, earned Euler the nickname Cyclops. Later going
completely blind didnt slow down Eulers genius as Euler was able to produce one
mathematical paper a week in the year 1775. Euler could recite the entire Aeneid of Virgil
from memory.
[64]

153
( )
u
u u
i
Ae i A iy x z = + = + = sin cos
Where simply,
t
Phase
e | u A = =
Transforming our equation into;
( )
u
u u
i
Ae i A iy x z = + = + = sin cos
[Ex Cattus Vita]
( )
u u
e
i
waves Shield Shield
i
e t F A Ae z ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2 E A = =
( )
u
e
i
waves Shield Shield
i
e t F A Ae z ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2 E A = =
( )
t i
waves Shield Shield
i
Phase
e t F A Ae z
e u
e
A
E A = = ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
[NOTE: We just transcended from the Virtual World to the Real World.]
This is the Equation for a Logarithmic Spiral (When plotted in two dimensions)!!!!!!!!!!!!
REAL WORLD MATHEMATICAL MODELING (RWMM)
Through exhibition of our Tele-Mathic Powers in Virtual Surface Mathematical Modeling
(VSMM) we have accomplished something amazing, the Real World Mathematical Model
(RWMM) of one of the most Mysterious Phenomena in the Universe, the Logarithmic Spiral:
Through the Mathematical Methods of Reverse Fourier Transforms we have bridged the
Phantom Energy of Virtual Dimensions with our Real World Effects. We can now plot this
Wave Function over Time and Space to view different aspects of the Signal. But before we
look this Titaness named Sapphire in the Eye, let take a closer look at all her secrets; How?
META-ANALYSIS II
Now that we have this Reversed Fourier Transformed function we can analyze it two
different ways, in one dimension (Time) and in two-dimensions (Space). This is called a
Meta-Analysis; a look at the intermediate findings of our Data (as we performed in the first
section of this paper). If we plot the Log Function form of the Signal / Interference Wave
Function versus Time we would see a line plot that mimics the Beat output of a Musical
Instrument.
[12]
This Musical behavior is not just the result of us modeling the Virtual Surfaces
of Force Fields as Phantom Energy but because Physically the Signal / Interference Wave
Function of the top Shield can, in the Steady-State, be viewed as Sound WaveS of
comparable frequencies, overlapping.
[12]
If we use our second Private Equation (Privati-
quatione III) we can plot the SteadyState behavior of the top Shield: So, How do we plot
this equation?
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
154
MATLAB
7 with SIMULINK
is software used by Scientist, Engineers, and

Mathematicians to solve complex equations, write computer scripts and graphically represent
Virtual Surfaces and shall allow us the view the dynamics of the Interference patter from
different aspects. Using this tool we can plot the Heartbeat of Phailin.
[NOTE: See Appendix C for the MATLAB Codes that generate these graphs.]
GRAPH I: The Lub-Dub Heartbeats of Phailins the top Shield.
0 500 1000 1500
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
Time (Centi-Seconds)
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e

(
2
A
)
The "Heartbeat" of Super / Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin
CONSIDER: The fine fluctuations in the Amplitude inside the Beats of the Interference
wave function are the result of Amplitude Modulation (AM) phenomena typically seen in the
Interference patterns of two waves with almost equal (Angular) Frequencies (our Real and
Imaginary Parts of the Logarithmic Spiral Equation) and constitutes the expression of
Background Noise / Signal of a Carrier Wave of the overall Imbedded Signal / Interference
Wave Function. This Carrier Wave is ubiquitous and evenly dispersed throughout the two-
dimensional surface the Logarithmic Spiral broadcasts through. The pattern of our Signal
corresponds to 150% Amplitude Modulation.
[65]

MATRIX PARAMETRIZATION
Returning to our plot of the Logarithmic Spiral, lets add to our Reverse Fourier
Transformation a (Linear Algebra) Matrix Parametric Transform to convert our Logarithmic
Spiral function into a (Complex) Vector-Valued Function that can be mapped over
Space.
[47][66][67]
Parametric Transform is;
u cos z x =
And,
155
u sin z y =
The Linear Algebra Matrix Product of Colum Vector and Identity Matrix gives;
[66][67][68]
(
=
(
=
u
u
u
u
sin
cos
1 0
0 1
sin
cos
z
z
z
M
Complex
Spiral
[Talis Evolver]
Here
z
is the Equation for the Logarithmic Spiral;
( )
t i
waves Shield Shield
i
Phase
e t F A Ae z
e u
e
A
E A = = ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
Plugging in the Spiral Equation as the Scalar Multiplier of the Matrix gives;
(
=
(
=
u
u
u
u
sin
cos
1 0
0 1
sin
cos
z
z
z
M
Complex
Spiral
( )
(
)
`
E A =
A
u
u
e
e
sin
cos
1 0
0 1
] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
t i
waves Shield Shield
Complex
Spiral
Phase
e t F A M
In Vector Notation the Equations look like these;
( )
( ) )
( sin ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
)
( cos ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
j e t F A
i e t F A z
t i
waves Shield Shield
t i
waves Shield Shield
Complex
Tranfom
Phase
Phase
u e
u e
e
e
)
`
E A
+
)
`
E A =
A
A
In Parametric Component Form the solutions look like these;
( ) u e u
e
cos ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2 cos
)
`
E A = =
A t i
waves Shield Shield
Phase
e t F A z x
( ) u e u
e
sin ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2 sin
)
`
E A = =
A t i
waves Shield Shield
Phase
e t F A z y
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
Plotting these two Parametric Transforms via MATLAB
7with SIMULINK
software
allows us to map the Logarithmic Spiral Equation onto two-dimensional space over time.
GRAPH II: A Tremendously Wonderful Pay-off!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
156
-1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
km
k
m
The Logarithmic Spiral of Super / Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin
WAIT!!!! We are still not done. Did you know notice anything interesting about the Spiral
pattern? Why does the pattern appear to be a Clockwise Spiral? Lets find out.
VORTICITY
Vorticity is the measurement of the Local Spinning Motion of a Fluid.
[70]
It has long been
believed and accepted as Scientific Fact that the Pseudo-Force of the Gaspard-Gustave
Coriolis (1792 1843) Effect
^
was the reason for the Logarithmic Spiral pattern of
^
Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis or Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis (1792 1843) the French
Mathematician, Mechanical Engineer and Scientist. Coriolis is best known for his work on
the Supplementary Forces that are detected in a Rotating Frame of Reference. Coriolis was
the first to coin the term "Work" for the Transfer of Energy by a Force acting through a
Distance. Coriolis wrote a paper that would make his name famous, Sur les quations du
mouvement relatif des systmes de corps (On the Equations of Relative Motion of a System
of Bodies). Coriolis's paper does NOT deal with the Atmosphere or even the Rotation of the
Earth, but with the Transfer of Energy in Rotating Systems like Waterwheels. Today, the
name Coriolis has become strongly associated with meteorology, but all major discoveries
about the general circulation and the relation between the pressure and wind fields were made
without knowledge about Gaspard Gustave Coriolis: i.e.: the Application of the Coriolis
Research to Meteorology is a Misallocation of Science.
[72]

157
Hurricanes / Cyclones (i.e.: Its Cyclonic Rotation.)
[70][71]
We have, in fact, just proven this
WRONG!!! The Coriolis Effect does NOT explain the Logarithmic Spirals of Hurricane /
Cyclones since the Coriolis Effect Mathematically Models a Fictitious Force! The Spiral
Pattern that we have just derived and mapped is the Physical representation of a two-
dimensional Harmonic Oscillator and not the Swirling whips of a spinning object, In fact:
CAVEAT 12: All Hurricane / Cyclones DO NOT rotate. Their apparent rotation is a Pseudo-
Effect cause by the outflows radial motion being constrained to flow inside the Boundaries
defined by the Spiral as it moves outward from the storms center.
CAVEAT 13: The Spiral pattern of ALL Hurricane / Cyclones defines the Streamlines of the
storms top Shield outflow. The streamlines are therefore the boundary between adjacent
Coils of the stream around the storm. This means that the Spiral pattern remains fixed in
orientation about the Eye of the Storm and this can be observed from Satellite Imaging. But
look very closely and carefully because the Image, despite being Extremely Hypnotic, is
also a Still Image (The Logarithmic Spiral) superimposed onto a Moving Background (The
Clouds).
CAVEAT 14: The Logarithmic Spiral pattern of ALL Hurricanes / Cyclones are Outflow
streams. This means that storms in the Northern Hemisphere are actually coiling Clockwise
and not Counterclockwise as the Frozen Water Vapor moves along the stream lines of the
spiral and similarly storms in the Southern Hemisphere are coiling Counterclockwise and not
Clockwise.
CONSIDER: The Human Eye / Mind naturally perceives a Spiral as being a Inward Descent
and not an Outward Ascent and thus the notion of the Northern storm Spirals Rotating
Counterclockwise and Sothern storm Rotating Clockwise are Optical Illusions. Think of it
this way: If you want to move radially out from the Eye you MUST follow the Blue Spiral
Road so the only way to move radially from Phailin is to proceed in the Clockwise direction
and with every coil your distance from the center increases.
LINK: Watch a Satellite Time Lapse of Super Cyclone Phailin near the time our variables
for the storm were measure by Meteorologists to note the Still Image of the Spiral on the
Moving Background of Clouds (As the Clouds move the Spiral remains in one orientation):
http://sincedutch.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/mov8-2-02b.gif?w=800&h=600
Its a bit of a challenge but with a keen eye we actually can see the Logarithmic Spiral we
mapped earlier.
[WARNING: Extensive exposure may result in the Spontaneous Onomatopoeia of
Domesticated Poultry: You might Cluck like a Chicken. ]
WAIT!!! Were still not done. Lets dive deeper into our Mathematical Understanding of the
Logarithmic Spiral pattern. How?
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Since the Mathematical Modeling of Real World Phenomena requires expressions of System
Dynamics that Change and Develop over Time Intervals, Differential Equations, the
158
Mathematical Expressions of the Physical Principles and Laws of Nature that Govern the
Forces of our Universe, are VERY useful in the Real World Mathematical Modeling.
[58][73]

Therefore:
OBJECTIVE: We shall now derive the Shield Equation using Differential Equations to
Mathematically Prove of our method of Virtual Surfaces / Force Fields as valid and to give
Physical meaning to the Logarithmic Spiral pattern of the storm and explain why we only
generated one version (the Northern Hemisphere version) of the Spiral pattern. How do we
do that?
LINEAR SIMPLE HARMOIC OSCILATOR
As alluded earlier the top Shield of the Eye behaves as a Linear Simple Harmonic Oscillator
experiencing Under-Damping Forces. This means that the Equation of its motion can, in
addition to our use of Virtual Surface / Force Fields, be derived by method of Ordinary,
Second Order Differential Equations (S.O.D.E.).
[58][73]
The Equation of Motion for a Linear
Simple Harmonic Oscillator is expressed as thus:
( ) t F t x cx x b x m
O
e cos ) ( = = + +
- - -
[Generalis]
The Homogeneous Solution to this equation is thus given by:
0 ) ( = + + =
- - -
cx x b x m t x
[Specialis]
MATHEMATICAL PROOF I
Lets begin by writing two equations of oscillator motion, one for the Exiting / Impulse Eye
air and one for the Deflected Eye air (like we did before).
[58]
0 ) ( = + + =
- - -
I I I I I I Exit
x c x b x m t x
[Ab De Motus]
0 ) ( = + =
- - -
D D D D D D Enter
x c x b x m t x
[Ab De Motus]
{NOTE: The Minus Sign in the Entering Equation signifies that the two waves travel in
opposite direction.]
INTERFERENCE
Since these two equations describe Oscillations and Oscillations are a type of Wave Function
we can super-position them together to find the resulting Interference dynamic they create;
0 ) ( ) ( ) ( =
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
|
.
|
\
|
+ + = + =
- - - - - -
D D D D D D I I I I I I Enter Exit Super
x c x b x m x c x b x m t x t x t x
159
( ) 0 ) ( = + +
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
- - - - - -
D D I I D D I I D D I I Super
x c x c x b x b x m x m t x
[Simul Equal Unum]
If,
L D I
x x x ~
[Par I]
- - -
~
L D I
x x x
[Par II]
- - - - - -
~
L D I
x x x
[Par III]
Then,
( ) 0 ) ( = + +
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
- - - - - -
D D I I D D I I D D I I Super
x c x c x b x b x m x m t x
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 ) ( = + + + + =
- - -
L D E L D E L D E Super
x c c x b b x m m t x
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 ) ( = E + A + E =
- - -
L L L L L L Super
x c x b x m t x
Dividing both sides by
L
m E
gives;
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 ) ( = E + A + E =
- - -
L L L L L L Super
x c x b x m t x
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
Super
m
x
m
c
x
m
b
x
m
m
t x
E
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
E
E
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
E
A
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
E
E
=
- - -
0
) (
0 ) ( =
|
|
.
|
\
|
E
E
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
E
A
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
E
E
=
- - -
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
Super
x
m
c
x
m
b
x
m
m
t x
Defining:
B =
E
A
L
L
m
b
[Definitio I]
And,
L
L
L
K
m
c
=
E
E
[Definitio II]
Yields:
160
0 ) ( =
|
|
.
|
\
|
E
E
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
E
A
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
E
E
=
- - -
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
Super
x
m
c
x
m
b
x
m
m
t x
0 2 ) ( = + B + =
- - -
L L L D Super
x K x x t x
[quatio Motus]
PARAMETER ANALYSIS
Now that we have the Equation of Motion for the Interference between the two wave
functions let consider what our variables mean. Realizing that in our Model for Super / Very
Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin the Mass of the Exiting / Impulse air (given by the Mass Flow
Rate:
kg R R
Outside
Mass
Outside
Mass
5 . 285 , 936 , 253 = =
) is on the same Order of Magnitude as the Mass
of the Deflected / outside air (Also given by the Mass Flow Rate:
kg R R
Cold
Mass
pluse
Mass
9 . 010 , 899 , 343
Im
= =
). This allows us to approximate them as Equal:
L D I
m m m ~
[Par I]
I Model D I
m m m m 2 2 = +
b
is the Damping Coefficient and is the Mathematical Difference between the two Mass Flow
Rates and equals the Mass Flow Rate of the Water Vapor:
s
kg
R
Water
Mass
4 . 725 , 962 , 89 =
) that we
already calculated:
L D I
b b b ~
[Par II]
Vapor L D I
b b b b A = A
Also
c
is the Spring Constant for the Storm;
m
N
k
Spring
6
10 213502356 . 7 =
and is the same
Quantity on both original Second Order Differential Equations.
L D I
c c c =
[Par III]
Spring L D I
k c c c 2 2 = +
Also noting that Definitio I becomes;
B =
E
A
L
L
m
b
[Definitio I]
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
= B
D I
D I
m m
b b
2 2
|
|
.
|
\
| A
= B
L
Vapor
m
b
2
2 2
161
|
|
.
|
\
| A
= B
Total
Vapor
m
b
2
2 2
|
|
.
|
\
| A
= B
I
Vapor
m
b
2
2 2
( )( )
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
= B
kg
s
kg
9 . 343899010 2
4 . 725 , 962 , 89
2 2
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
= B
kg
s
kg
130798174 . 0 2 2
[NOTE: The Coefficient on the Beta term is a Corrective Value that ensures that the
Velocity term represents the correct Quantity.]
Dividing by 2 gives the Value of B as;
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
= B
kg
s
kg
130798174 . 0 2 2
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
| B
kg
s
kg
130798174 . 0
2
2
2
2
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
kg
s
kg
B 130798174 . 0
2
2
2
2
( ) ( )
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
kg
s
kg
B 130798174 . 0 1 1
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
kg
s
kg
B 130798174 . 0
162
kg
s
kg
B 130798174 . 0 =
Hertz
s kgs
kg
kg
s
kg
= = =
1
Then,
kg
s
kg
B 130798174 . 0 =
Hz B 130798174 . 0 =
Hz B
1
10 30798174 . 1

=
Or,
dHz B 31 . 1 ~
[Pro Posterius]
1.32 deci-Hertz!!!! Again thats on the order of the angular frequency of the Second hand on
an analog clock or One Revolution per Minute (rpm)!!!!!!!!!!!
[53][54]
Thus;
( )
2 2
130798174 . 0 Hz B =
2 2
017108162 . 0 Hz B =
2 2 2
10 7108162 . 1 Hz B

=
Or,
2 2
71 . 1 cHz B ~
[Pro Posterius]
And Definitio II then is,
L
L
L
K
m
c
=
E
E
[Definitio II]
D I
D I
L
m m
c c
K
+
+
=
163
Total
Spring
L
m
k
K
2
2
=
L
Spring
L
m
k
K =
Total
Spring
L
m
k
K =
I
Spring
L
m
k
K =
kg
m
N
K
L
9 . 010 , 899 , 343
10 213502356 . 7
6
=
kg
m
N
K
L
020975641 . 0 =
Squared Herts
s kgs
kg
kg
s
kg
kg
m
N
m
k
Total
Spring
= = = = =
2 2
2
1
Then,
kg
m
N
K
L
020975641 . 0 =
2
020975641 . 0 Hz K
L
=
2 2
10 0975641 . 2 Hz K
L

=
Or,
2
1 . 2 cHz K
L
~
[Pro Posterius]
2.1 centi-Hertz Squared!!!!
[NOTE: We shall use the Numerical Values of Definitio I & II later in this section, but for
now, we concern ourselves only with the validation of our Shield Equations through
Mathematical Proof.]
SOLUTION TO THE EQUATION OF MOTION
164
Second Order Differential Equations can be solves by application a Characteristic or
Auxiliary Equation represented as a Descending Order Polynomial.
[74]
Since the Highest
Order of the Auxiliary Equations Polynomial corresponds to the Degree of the Differential
Equation it represents the Auxiliary Equation for our Equation of Motion is a Quadratic
Function with our Parameters as Coefficients:
[58][74][75]
0 2 ) ( = + B + =
- - -
L L L D Super
x K x x t x
0 2 ) (
2
= + B + =
L L L Super
K r r t x
[quatio Adjunctus]
BINOMIAL THEOREM
The Lineal Combination or Super-positioning of these Roots to this Quadratic Function form
the General Solution to the Equation of Motion. The Roots can be found by Completing the
Square;
[74][75][76][77]
0 2 ) (
2
= + B + =
L L L Super
K r r t x
[Quadrus Completo]
L L L Super
K r r t x B = B + B + =
2 2 2
2 ) (
( )( )
L Super
K r r t x B = B + B + =
2
) (
( )
L Super
K r t x B = B + =
2 2
) (
Taking the Square Root of both sides gives:
( )
L Super
K r t x B = B + =
2 2
) (
[Quadratum]
( )
L Super
K r t x B = B + =
2 2
) (
L Super
K r t x B = B + =
2
) (
L Super
K r t x B B = =
2
) (
2
) ( B + B = =
L Super
K r t x
( )
2
1 ) ( B B = =
L Super
K r t x
( )
2
) ( B B = =
L Super
K i r t x
[Spectrum Apperentia]
Now,
( ) I B
2
L
K
Then,
( )
2
) ( B B = =
L Super
K i r t x
165
I B = = i r t x
Super
) (
Since the Roots of this Equation are distinct the functions are Linearly Independent but since
the Roots are also Imaginary the solution takes the form;
[58]
( )
t i t i
Super
e A e A e t x
I I B
+ =
2 1
) (
If,
L
A A A =
2 1
Thus,
( )
t i t i
Super
e A e A e t x
I I B
+ =
2 1
) (
( )
t i
L
t i
L Super
e A e A e t x
I I B
+ = ) (
( )
t i t i
L Super
e e e A t x
I I B
+ = ) (
[Solutio Generalem]
[NOTE:
B
e
is an Eigenfunction, and is the ONLY Eigenfunction used for both Solutions.
This redundancy of Value for the (Complex) Vector-Valued Problem explains why the
system has only ONE mapping of the storms Spiral, since this Value applies to both the
Complex and Conjugate forms.
B
e
and is also is a Constant, as it should be since the Energy
States of Simple Harmonic Oscillators are usually Discrete Quanta.
[78]
We shall therefore
absorb it into the
L
A
coefficient and denote it as
*
L
A
.]
EULERS TRIGONOMETRIC RELATION
This is the General Solution for Linearly Independent, Second Order Differential Equations
and constitutes two satisfactory solutions for the problem. Here both the solutions are
Imaginary and represent the Phantoms of the Complex Plane as before: one being the
Complex Solution and the other the its Complex Conjugate.
[58]
This Solution form for the
Equation of Motion is typical of Oscillators experiencing Under-Damping and can be further
reshaped through the Euler Trigonometric Relation to Complex Plane:
[58][61][63]
We shall first
write them as separate solutions:
( )
t i t i
L Super
e e e A t x
I I B
+ = ) (
( )
t i t i
L Super
e e A t x
I I
+ =
*
) (
Separating;
t i
L
Complex
Super
e A t x
I
=
*
) (
t i
L
Conjugate
Super
e A t x
I
=
*
) (
166
Where through Eulers Trigonometric Relation is;
| | ) sin( ) cos( ) (
* *
t i t A e A t x
L
t i
L
Complex
Super
I + I = =
I
[Phantasma I]
| | ) sin( ) cos( ) (
* *
t i t A e A t x
L
t i
L
Conjugate
Super
I I = =
I
[Phantasma II]
[NOTE: The alteration between the Complex and the Conjugate is either a mere minus sign
on the Exponential Form or a minus sign in Eulers Trigonometric Form.]
CONSIDER: In our particular application of these Equations in Mathematical Modeling the
cosine function of the Real World part of the top Shield Equation of LEX XIV can be
substituted for the Cosine parts of both the Complex and the Conjugate Solutions, the sine
function of the Imaginary Part the top Shield Equation of LEX XI can be substituted for the
Sine parts of both Complex and the Conjugate Solutions and
*
L
A
can be a Function and not
just a Constant and thus the Sinusoidal Amplitude of the Shield Equation can also be
substituted in for this variable also.
COMPLEX CONJUGATE ANALYSIS
The appearance of two Imaginary Equation (Phantasma I & II) as viable solutions to the
Equation of Motion for the Signal / Interference wave functions is quit unexpected! It
signifies that the Logarithmic Spiral that we earlier mapped for Phailin (a Northern
Hemisphere storm) represented by the Complex expression is not the only pattern that the
system is capable of generating. So, why then is Phailin mapped as a Complex plane solution
and not its Conjugate part.
THE EQUATOR EFFECT
Lets imagine that the Earths is a flat disk with the Northern Hemisphere on one side and the
Sothern Hemisphere on the other: the North and South Poles are centered in the disc and
form the Axis of Rotation for the plane. The Equator is the Circumference of this Earth
Coin. All the Hurricane / Cyclones that form on our planet are on one of these sides. The
storms of the Northern Hemisphere are the Complex mapping of their tops Shields
Equations and the Southern Hemisphere storms are the Conjugate mappings of their storms
top Shields Equation. The Equator can then be Mathematically viewed as a Mirror for the
Complex Plane That the Logarithmic Spiral pattern is reverse Fourier Transform projected
from:
LEX XV / CAVEAT 15: The type of Logarithmic Spiral patter projected from the
Imaginary Complex Plane of the storms top Shield, through Reversed Fourier
Transformed, into the Real World is determined by the Equator Effect: If the storm is in the
Northern hemisphere its projected pattern is The Complex Solution to its Differential
Equation derived Equation of Motion. If the Storm is in the Southern Hemisphere its
projected pattern is the Conjugate Solution of its Deferential Equation derived Equation of
Motion.
| | ) sin( ) cos( ) (
* *
t i t A e A t x
L
t i
L
Complex
Super
I + I = =
I
[Phantasma I]
167
| | ) sin( ) cos( ) (
* *
t i t A e A t x
L
t i
L
Conjugate
Super
I I = =
I
[Phantasma II]
Using the Conjugate Solution to the Equation of Motion we can do something unbelievable.
We can Move Phailin, a Northern Hemisphere storm, to the Southern Hemisphere and see
what it would look like. First lets adapt the Conjugate Solution to our Real World
Mathematical Model:
[NOTE: We know not what Mechanism governs the decisions of which Solution is to be
displayed where, all we are able to state firmly is that two distinct solutions satisfy the
Differential Equation and that the Complex Solution is Real World Observed in the Northern
Hemisphere and that the Conjugate Solution is Real World Observed in the Sothern
Hemisphere.]
The Real World Reversed Fourier Transformed Complex Equation:
( )
t i
waves Shield Shield
i
Complex
Phase
e t F A Ae z
e u
e
A
E A = = ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
The Real World Reversed Fourier Transformed Conjugate Equation:
( )
t i
waves Shield Shield
i
Complex
Phase
e t F A Ae z
e u
e
A
E A = = ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
META-ANALYSIS III
There is one more step we have to perform to formulate the Actual Equation of Motion for
the Signal / Interference Wave Function. Since it is not the reason for our Differential
Equation we shall simply perform it for completeness of our understanding of the system.
Through Eulers Trigonometric Relation;
( )
t i t i
L Super
e e A t x
I I
+ =
*
) (
( ) ( ) t A t x
L Super
I = cos 2 ) (
*
( ) ( ) t A t x
L Super
I = cos 2 ) (
*
[quatio Motus]
Plugging in our Variables for Phailins Amplitude;
( ) ( ) t A t x
L Super
I = cos 2 ) (
*
( ) ( ) ( ) t t F A t x
Phase waves Shield Shield Super
e e A
)
`
E A = cos ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2 ) (
[quatio Motus]
This Equation constitutes the Quasi-Standing Wave that results from the Super-positioning of
the Impulse and Deflector Wave Functions.
168
Returning to the exploration of the Complex and Conjugate Solutions of the Equation of
Motion;
MATRIX PARAMETRIZATION / EQUATOR MATRIX
To plot the Conjugate of the Logarithmic Spiral, lets add to it a (Linear Algebra) Matrix
Parametric Transform to convert our Logarithmic Spiral function into a Vector-Valued
Function that can be mapped over Space and Time.
[47][66]
[NOTE: The Logarithmic Spiral Function in the type of Parameterizations we perform acts
as the Value of the Vector-Valued Function and thus the Trigonometric terms are the
Vectors that trace the spirals motion around the coordinate plane. The distinction between
the Complex and Conjugate form so the Spiral here are therefore Indiscriminate and would
yield identical Values (i.e.: Mapping) for the Vector so in order to get the Mirrored
Parameterization we want we must also change the Vector part of the function understanding
that the Conjugate of a Complex number is a reflection about the x axis (The Equator) and as
such the y valued are negatives of each other. The Conjugate can then be describes by adding
a minus sign to the y axis coordinate: The Equator Matrix]
Parametric Transform is;
u cos z x =
And,
u sin z y =
The Linear Algebra Matrix Product of Column Vector and Reflection Matrix gives;
[68][69]
(
=
(
=
u
u
u
u
sin
cos
1 0
0 1
sin
cos
z
z
z
M
Complex
Spiral
[Talis Evolver]
Here
z
is the Equation for the Conjugate Logarithmic Spiral;
( )
t i
waves Shield Shield
i
Phase
e t F A Ae z
e u
e
A
E A = = ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
Plugging in the Spiral Equation as the Scalar Multiplier of the Matrix gives;
(
=
(
=
u
u
u
u
sin
cos
1 0
0 1
sin
cos
z
z
z
M
Complex
Spiral
( )
(
)
`
E A =
A
u
u
e
e
sin
cos
1 0
0 1
] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
t i
waves Shield Shield
Complex
Spiral
Phase
e t F A M
In Vector Notation the Equations look like these;
169
( )
( ) )
( sin ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
)
( cos ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2
j e t F A
i e t F A z
t i
waves Shield Shield
t i
waves Shield Shield
Complex
Tranfom
Phase
Phase
u e
u e
e
e
)
`
E A
)
`
E A =
A
A
In Parametric Component Form the solutions look like these;
( ) u e u
e
cos ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2 cos
)
`
E A = =
A t i
waves Shield Shield
Phase
e t F A z x
( ) u e u
e
sin ] ) ( ) (
2
1
[cos 2 sin
)
`
E A = =
A t i
waves Shield Shield
Phase
e t F A z y
META-ANALYSIS IV
The Logarithmic Spiral Patterns of both the Complex and the Conjugate solutions Physically
represent the Node Space or the Phase Diagram of the Under-Damped Oscillator of the Real
World, Reverser Fourier Transformed top Shield Energy / Pressure.
[79]
The Roots to the
Auxiliary Equation thus satisfy as Eigenvalues for the Eigenvectors that map the Unique
Solution of the system Parameters (Conditions of Temperature / Density, Eye Diameter,
Wind Speed, Etc.). Also, the General Solution to the Differential Equations represents an
Infinite number of Curves or Solution Sets. To find one particular Solution (the one that
actually mapped out the Logarithmic Spiral of Phailin) we must define the Initial parameter
of system.
Because our Logarithmic Spiral is Temporally Parameterized (we map how the curve evolves
over the two-dimensional surface of the Troposphere / Tropopause Interface over Time) the
main initial condition is that of Time. So when does the Signal / Interference Effect start?
When the Impulse and Deflector Streams stop moving in the same direction (up the Eye
Wall) and begin moving opposite each other. This time can be found by calculating the
Travel time for the Exiting Eye air at the base to reach the top Shield. Travel time is given by
Kinematic Equation for Instantaneous Velocity:
[12]
T
d
v =
[Quo Velox]
Where,
v
is the Velocity of the Exiting Eye air:
s
m
v
Exit
59766167 . 66 =
d
is the distance between the base and top of the Eye: 10 km or 10,000 m
And
T
is Time of Travel.
Solving for T and plugging in our values gives
170
T
d
v =
v
d
T =
[Tempore]
s
m
m
T
59766167 . 66
000 , 10
=
s
m
m
T 1554221 . 150 =
Seconds s
s
m
ms
s
m
m
= = = =
1
Then,
s
m
m
T 1554221 . 150 =
s T 1554221 . 150 =
s T
2
10 501554221 . 1 =
Or,
hs T 5 . 1 =
1.5 hecto-Seconds! Thats About 2.5 Minutes!!!! [Quod Erat Faciendum]
CONSIDER: If we refer to APPENDIX C: MATLAB CODE the Temporal
Parameterization that maps both the Complex and the Conjugates Spirals of Phailin does
indeed begin at 2.5 minutes. This means that the Spiral we mapped for Phailin is a Unique
Solution to Phailins Equation of Motion.
LEX XVI / CAVEAT 16: The Logarithmic Spiral Pattern of each Hurricane / Cyclone is a
Unique Solution determined by the Parameters of their individual systems for their
Differential Equation defined Equation of Motion: No two storms have the same Spiral. And
therefore The Reverse Fourier Transform Real World Projection of the Shield Equations
Always maps Unique Spiral Patterns.
Returning to the mapping of the Conjugate Spiral;
171
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
Plotting these two Parametric Transforms via MATLAB
7 with SIMULINK
software
allows us to map the Conjugate Logarithmic Spiral Equation onto two-dimensional space
over time.
GRAPH III: Another Tremendously Wonderful Pay-off!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
km
k
m
The Southern Logarithmic Spiral of Super / Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin
[Objectivo Completo][Quod Erat Demonstrandum]
CONSIDER: If the two spiral pattern on our Earth Coin we aligned with each other
(centered at the same Longitude but negatives of each others Latitude) they would appear to
be perfect twins of each other (regardless of what side of the coin you observed from.)
Mathematically this means that Lines Tangent to the Mirrored Points on the Spiral Coils
would be parallel.
LINK: Note the comparison of Conjugate Spiral of Super / Very Severe Cyclonic Storm
Phailin with that of Very Severe Tropical Cyclone Yasi a storm that hit the Australian
continent in 2011:
[80]
http://feww.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/yasi-2km-vis-ir.gif?w=600&h=450
WAIT!!!!! Were still not done. Weve only discussed the Outflow Dynamics of the storms
Closed Circuit Loop. What about the Inflow Dynamics? Well, lets find out.
172
[ATTENTION: This is where our Necessary Detour in exploring the Exodus of the
Frozen Water Vapor Proves useful in rectifying the Discontinuity our First Model.]
INFLOW DYNAMICS
As the Impulse and Deflector streams play outside the tips Shield the Warp Stream
transcends it. This is Physically accomplished by the equalization of Internal and External
pressures.
REMEMBER: We said earlier that the Impulse Stream build up Energy / Pressure at the top
Shield expressed by (Nova quatione I and II). Therefore the Energy / Pressure on the
Outside of the top Shield matches the Energy / Pressure of the Outside Atmosphere and the
Energy / Pressure of the Inside surface of the top Shield also matches the Energy / Pressure
of the Internal Dynamics.
LEX XVII: The Equalization of the External Dynamics of Energy and Pressure allow the
Deflection Stream to emanate from the top Shield. This process, as stated earlier in LEX IV,
removes energy from the Impulse Stream. This Siphoned Impulse stream then transcends the
Shield and becomes the Warp Stream whos Energy / Pressure Dynamics now match the
Energy / Pressure Dynamics of the Eyes Interior. Thus the Energy / Pressure of the Warp
Stream is the Mathematical Difference between the Siphon Energy / Pressure of the Shield
and the Energy / Pressure of the Impulse Stream:
Deflect pulse Warp
E E E =
Im
[Qui Est Ultra]
Siphon pulse Warp
E E E =
Im
( )
2 2 2
2
1
2
1
Descent Exit Flux Cold Exit Flux Cold Warp
v v V v V E =
( ) | |
2 2 2
2
1
Descent Exit Exit Flux Cold Warp
v v v V E =
By the Associative Property of Algebra:
[30]
( ) | |
2 2 2
2
1
v v v V E =
( ) | |
2 2 2
2
1
v v v V E =
( ) | |
2
0
2
1
Descent Flux Cold Warp
v V E =
| |
2
2
1
v V E =
2
2
1
v V E =
[Nova quatione III]
[ALERT: Negative Energy / Pressure is a necessary component of Vacuum Systems,
described here as the Rate of Voidance of the Cold Reservoir, and is reminiscent of the
173
Exotic Matter theorized to inhabit the Event Horizon of Black Holes forming Wormholes and
the Virtual Particles of the Casimir Effect.
[81]
Therefore think of this Negative Warp
Energy as a Macroscopic version of Zero-Point Energy: As Zero-Point Energy is a
consequence of the wave-like nature of Quantum Systems so too is the Phantom Energy of
Virtual Surfaces / Force Fields a consequence of their Wave-Like nature.
[82]
]
Again by CAVEAT II and V we can divide both sides by
Flux
V
to find an expression of the
pressure;
2
2
1
v V E =
2
2
1
Descent Cold Warp
v P =
[Nova quatione IV]
QUANTUM DYNAMICS
It must not be surprising that Quantum Physics appears in our discussion at this time, since
we, by conversion of the Fluid streams of Exiting and Entering air flows into Mathematical
expressions in the form of Wave Functions, have invoked the Quantum argument. This was
accomplished purely due to the fact that the Closed Circuit Loop of the storm constitutes not
only a Conservation of Mechanical Energy but also a Conservation of Momentum: The Loop
NEVER Stops; not in the Steady-State conditions of the storm so, changes in Energy /
Pressure can be retrofitted into changes in Momentum. (We hope that this Physical aspect of
the system was not too esoteric for us to have in our minds.) As any good Physicist can tell
us, Momentum is one of those Omni-present, universal tendencies whereby definitions of
Matter / Energy can be formulated and is in fact a key notion in how Physicists define the
Energy of Classical and Quantum Particles.
[78]
Thus it is perfectly, scientifically acceptable
for us to view the Impulse and Deflection Wave Functions as (using the language of
Quantum Physics) the Inbound and Reflection Wave Functions of a Particle incident on a
Potential Barrier or the top Shield: the resulting Signal / Interference patter of the
Logarithmic Spiral is then the Echo of the Invisible Barrier the Particle runs into and the
Warp Stream that transcends the Barrier is the Transmission Signal or the wave function of
the Particle that has Quantum Tunneled through the Barrier.
Indeed the Imaginary and Real parts of our Reverse Fourier Transformed wave function
comprise the Equation of a Simple Harmonic Oscillator in its Lowest Energy State (Orbital)
it can occupy (based on the dynamics of its Parameters) and is thereby equivalent in the terms
to the Max Born
^
(1882 1970) Interpretation of the Time-Independent version of Erwin
Schrdingers (1887 1961) Equation
^
which was originally designed to agree with Classical
(i.e.: Non-Relativistic) Velocity Particles.
[78]
^
Max Born (1882 1970) the German-British Physicist and Mathematician who was
instrumental in the development of Quantum Mechanics. Born made contributions to Solid-
State Physics and Optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the
1920s and 30s. Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his "fundamental research in
Quantum Mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of the [Schrdinger] Wave
Function".
[83]

174
CONSIDER: The moment we performed our Reverse Fourier Transform that projected the
Phantom Energy of the top Shield into our Real World allowing us to cross over from the
Imaginary to the Real World we also jumped over from the Classical to the Quantum Realm:
The Differential Equation Mathematical Proof of our Necessary Detour thus justifies the
sanity of such a Leap.
WARP DYNAMICS
The Entering at the top Shield, having undergone Equalization to conform with the Internal
environment of the Eye in having 99.97% of its Total Kinetic Energy / Momentum siphoned
off, transcends the Shield and completes the Closed Circuit Loop of the storm maintaining a
smooth continuous flow. This Warp Stream thus moved at the same pace of the Descending
Eye air at the Rate of Descent, dictated to it by the Rate of Voidance of the prior occupying
Eye air (since our Fluid is Ideal and therefore Incompressible). For completion in our
exploration of the Closed Circuit Loop of the Storm, the slow-motion for this Warp Stream
can also be Mathematically Modeled as a Wave Function using our established technique of
the Reverse Fourier Transform. We shall now derive the Imaginary and Real World part of
the Warp Stream Wave Function first and then prove that this wave function is the same as
the Wave Function of a Non-Relativistic Quantum Tunneled Particle
[78]
THE CORRESPONDENCE PRINCIPLE
In both the Classical and the Quantum Realms Energy is Energy is Energy. Therefore, we
shall use the Conservation of Mechanical Energy to derive the Equation of Motion for the
Warp Stream that enters the Eye through top Shield. We shall analyze the Energy of the
System in two respects:
ALPHA: A Classical Simple Harmonic Oscillator Equation of Motion
OMEGA: A Quantum Particle Wave Function incident on a Potential Barrier of Energy Less
that the Momentum / Kinetic Energy of the Particle.
This is a direct demonstration of the Correspondence Principle by Niels Bohr
^
(1885 1962)
that states that the Mechanics of the Classical system must agree with the Mechanics of
^
Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrdinger (1887 1961) the Austrian Physicist and
Philosopher who developed a number of fundamental results in the field of Quantum Theory,
which formed the basis of Wave Mechanics. In Latters of Correspondence with German-
born Theoretical Physicist Albert Einstein (1879 1955), Schrdinger proposed his now
famous, Schrdingers Cat Thought Experiment to describe how one could, in principle,
translate the Quantum behavior of an Atom to Large-scale Systems. Schrdinger also
researched Genetics and in 1944, wrote the Non-Fiction Science book What Is Life? which
introduced the concept of a Complex Molecule with the genetic code for living organisms
and led to the discovery of the DNA double helix structure. Schrdinger won the Nobel Prize
for Physics in 1933 for the formulation of the Schrdinger Equation.
[84][85][86]

^
Niels Henrik David Bohr (1885 1962) the Danish Physicist, Philosopher and Scientific
Promoter made foundational contributions to understanding Atomic Structure and Quantum
175
the Quantum: i.e.: If the values for the Quantum System are very large then the system
MUST behave like a Classical System.
[78]

OBJECTIVE: We shall us this Correspondence Principle to Mathematically Model the
Total Energy of the System that shall allow us to Classically derive the Equation of Motion
for the Warp Stream that enters the Eye and calculate the Quantum Transmission Probability
of the Impulse Stream penetrating the top Shield.
MATHEMATICAL PROOF II
Since we have already Mathematically Proven that the top Shield behaves like an Under-
Damped Simple Harmonic Oscillator we shall us this Proof to guide us in the Mathematical
validity of the Correspondence Principle. The Left Side is the Ordinary Second Order
Differential Equation for the Tops Shield in terms of Classical Dynamics; the Right Side is
the Time-Independent Schrdinger Equation for a Free, Non-Relativistic Particle Incident on
a Shield / Force Field;
From the Equations of Motion:
( ) t x t x
Particle
Quantum
Super
Classical
= ) (
[quum XI]
( ) ( )
L Particle L o L
I
L L L D
x E x V x
m
h
x K x x + +
|
|
.
|
\
|
= + B +
- - - - - -
2
2
2
L
Particle I
L
o I
L L L L D
x
h
E m
x
h
V m
x x K x x |
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
+ = + B +
- - - - - -
2 2
2 2
2
Where,
h
is the Planck Constant:
( )( ) s J h
34
10 055 . 1

=
,
o
V
is the Alternating Potential Voltage of the Shield Barrier,
Particle
E
is the Kinetic Energy / Momentum of the Particle of the Incident (Impulse) Wave
Function,
And, from Par I:
I Model D I
m m m m 2 2 = +
SOLUTION TO THE EQUATION OF MOTION
Following the same steps we did before, the Second Order Differential Equations can be
solves by application a Characteristic or Auxiliary Equation represented as a Descending
Order Polynomial.
[73][74]
The Equations then become:
Theory, predicted the existence of the Atomic Element Hafnium and has the Element
Bohrium is named after him. Bohn, after fleeing Nazi controlled Europe of World War II,
worked at Los Alamos on the Manhattan Project and was a mentor to the young American
Theoretical Physicist Richard Feynman (1918 1988). Bohr won the Nobel Prize in
Physics in 1922.
[87][88]
176
L
Particle I
L
o I
L L L L D
x
h
E m
x
h
V m
x x K x x |
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
+ = + B +
- - - - - -
2 2
2 2
2
|
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
+ = + B +
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
h
E m
r
h
V m
r K r r
Particle I o I
L
[quatio Adjunctus]
BINOMIAL THEOREM
The Lineal Combination or Super-Positioning of these Roots to this Quadratic Function form
the General Solution to the Equation of Motion. The Roots can be found by Completing the
Square;
[75][76][77]
|
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
+ = + B +
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
h
E m
r
h
V m
r K r r
Particle I o I
L L L
[Quadrus Completo]
2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 |
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
+ = B + B + = B
h
V m
h
E m
h
V m
r
h
V m
r r r K
o I Particle I o I o I
L L L
( )( )
2
2 2 2 2
2
2
|
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
+ = B + B + = B
h
V m
h
E m
h
V m
r
h
V m
r r r K
o I Particle I o I o I
L
( )
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
2
|
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
+ = B + = B
h
V m
h
E m
h
V m
r r K
o I Particle I o I
L
Taking the Square Root of both sides gives:
( )
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
2
|
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
+ = B + = B
h
V m
h
E m
h
V m
r r K
o I Particle I o I
L
[Quadratum]
( )
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
2
|
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
+ = B + = B
h
V m
h
E m
h
V m
r r K
o I Particle I o I
L
2
2 2 2
2
2
|
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
+ = B + = B
h
V m
h
E m
h
V m
r r K
o I Particle I o I
L
2
2 2 2
2
2
|
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
= = = B B
h
V m
h
E m
h
V m
r r K
o I Particle I o I
L
2
2 2 2
2
2
|
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
= = B B
h
V m
h
E m
h
V m
r K
o I Particle I o I
L
2
2 2 2
2
2
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = B B
h
V m
h
E m
h
V m
r K
o I Particle I o I
L
177
2
2 2 2
2
2
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = B + B
h
V m
h
E m
h
V m
r K
o I Particle I o I
L
( )
2
2 2 2
2
2
1 |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = B B
h
V m
h
E m
h
V m
r K
o I Particle I o I
L
( )
2
2 2 2
2
2
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = B B
h
V m
h
E m
h
V m
r K i
o I Particle I o I
L
Now,
( ) I B
2
L
K
Then,
( )
2
) ( B B = =
L Super
K i r t x
I B = = i r t x
Super
) (
And,
0
2
2
~ |
.
|
\
|
h
V m
o I
[Vix Nihil]
So,
( )
2
2 2 2
2
2
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = B B
h
V m
h
E m
h
V m
r K i
o I Particle I o I
L
2 2
2
h
E m
h
V m
r i
Particle I o I
~ = I B
Also,
2 2
2
h
E m
h
V m
Particle I o I
<<
[Minutus]
Where,
2 2
2
h
E m
h
V m
r i
Particle I o I
~ = I B
178
2
2
h
E m
r i
Particle I
~ = I B
( )( ) | |
2
2 2
2
s J
kgJ
r Hz Hz i Hz ~ =
2 2
2
s J
kgJ
r Hz i Hz ~ =
2
Js
kg
r iHz Hz ~ =
2
2
2
1 1
s
s
kgm
kg
r
s
i
s
~ =
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2
2 2
1
s
s kgm
kg
r
s
~ =
2
kgm
kg
r Hz ~ =
2
1
m
r Hz ~ =
m
r Hz
1
~ =
Number Wave
m
r
s
Hertz = ~ = =
1 1
[ALERT: The Argument of the Left Sides Square Root Radical is the result of Additive
Properties. However, in Dimensional Analysis the Addition or Subtraction of Units does
NOT result in a Sum or Difference of the Quantity of Units. Therefore, upon evaluation, the
Unit of the Radicand is simply Hertz. The Subsequent Additive results of the Square Root
Radical, having an Imaginary Unit Multiplying it, is also merely an Additive Property (after
all the Imaginary Part is still a Real Number) and also has the same Units as the Real
Number Additively combined with it. The Units of their resulting Summation are then, also,
Hertz. The Integer (2) in the Right Sides Square Root Radical was omitted (here only) since
any and all coefficients that may be incurred are inconsequential to both our overall answer
and the Physicality of the Units themselves. The Wave Number Unit is the Spatial Frequency
of a Wave and is the Quantum analogue to Classical Unit of Hertz; Therefore our two sides
of our Equations have Roots in the same Dimensional Units; that of Angular Frequency.
[89]
]
Then,
179
2
2
h
E m
r i
Particle I
~ = I B
This confirms that via the Correspondence Principle the Roots to the Ordinary Second Order,
Differential Equation for the Under Damped Oscillator of our top Shield can be applied to the
Quantum Dynamics of a No-Relativistic Quantum Tunneling Particle Incident on our top
Shield.
We can now use the Conservation of Mechanical Energy to evaluate the top Inflow
Dynamics of the top Shields Warp Stream as both a Classical Phenomena and as a Quantum
Phenomena. Lets begin with the Classical Analysis first.
THE CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
The Conservation of Mechanical Energy for the System is:
Warp Deflect pulse
E E E + =
Im
[quum XII]
Where,
pulse
E
Im
is the Energy of the Exiting Eye air / Impulse Stream
Deflector
E
is the Energy of the Frozen Water Vapor / Deflector Stream.
And
Warp
E
is the Absolute Value of the Warp Streams Negative Energy:
Warp Descent Flux Cold Descent Flux Cold Warp
E v V v V E = = =
2 2
2
1
2
1

Or,
Warp Deflect pulse
E E E + =
Im
Warp Deflect pulse
E E E + =
Im
[Sustento Confidens]
CLASSICAL ANAYLSIS
We can rewrite this equation in term of the Wave Functions to analyze the system as a
Classical Simple Harmonic Oscillator since the solutions to the Equation of Motion, a Second
Order Differential Equation, are in the form of the linear combination of the Complex and
Conjugate forms of Eulers Exponential Functions, we can write them as the basic terms of
each Wave Function:
Warp Deflector pulse
E E E + =
Im
[quum XII]
Warp Deflector pulse
U U U + =
Im
180
t
Warp Warp
t i
Deflect Deflect
t i
pulse pulse
e C e B e A
| o * *
Im
*
Im
+ =

Where,
t i
pulse pulse
e A
o
Im
*
Im
is the Wave Function for the Impulse Stream.
t
Warp Warp
e C
*
is the Wave Function for the Warps Stream
But
t i
Deflect Deflect
e B
|
*
is the wave function for the Deflector Stream and is the Classical
representation of the Energy Loss Rate for an Under-Damped Oscillator behavior of the top
Shield. This wave exists inside the Force Field of the Top Shield: Since the term portrays an
Energy Loss it has a Negative Imaginary Exponent. This term has both a Positive and a
Negative value being the Upper and Lower Enveloping Boundaries for the Under-Damped
Oscillator while it is inside the Shield. The Negative, Lower Half describes Negative Energy
and the Positive Upper Half describes Positive Energy:
CONSIDER: When ever you look at a sinusoidal wave you are seeing the Positive and
Negative Fluctuations of the Energy. The Negative (below Zero) parts of the curve describe
moments when the Energy of the Wave in that region is of equal but opposite magnitude to
the Positive energy of the wave. But in Reality there is only Positive Energy. The
Mathematical Display of negative energy values typically denotes the Energy Voids. These
Voids then have just as much Missing Energy as the positive parts have Present
Energy. Nonetheless, we are doing Math, and therefore must consider both the Positive and
Negative aspects of the Under-Damped Envelope.
[NOTE: This means that the top Shields Classical Under-Damping property can be view
Quantum Physically as a Reflection of the Wave Function off a Potential Barrier.]
Also;
t
Warp Warp
t i
Deflect Deflect
t i
pulse pulse
e C e B e A
| o * *
Im
*
Im
+ =

[Specialis Subvectio]
Thus,
* * *
Im Warp Deflect pulse
C B A + =
Or,
* * *
C B A + + =
[Sursum Versus]
And,
* * *
C B A + =
[Versus Minus]
Giving;
181
* *
Im
*
Deflect pulse Warp
B A C =
And,
* *
Im
*
Deflect pulse Warp
B A C + =
[NOTE: The
*
Im pulse
A
,
*
Deflect
B
and the
*
Warp
C
again speak the absorption an Eigenfunction
into the Amplitude constant: thus
E
pulse
Ae A =
*
Im
;
E
Deflect
Be B =
*
and
E
Warp
Ce C =
*
.]
Now lets calculate the Warp Stream Wave Function. First solve for the Warp Term:
t
Warp Warp
t i
Deflect Deflect
t i
pulse pulse
e C e B e A
| o * *
Im
*
Im
+ =

t i
Deflect Deflect
t i
pulse pulse
t
Warp Warp
e B e A e C
| o
=
*
Im
*
Im
*
And then slipping it into two equations, one for the Positive Component of the Deflector
Streams Wave Function and one for the Negative Component of the Deflector streams
Wave Function:
t i
Deflect Deflect
t i
pulse pulse
t
Warp Warp
e B e A e C
| o +
+ =
*
Im
*
Im
*
[Proton]
t i
Deflect Deflect
t i
pulse pulse
t
Warp Warp
e B e A e C
| o
=
*
Im
*
Im
*
[Electron]

Before se relied on LEX IV and equated the Amplitude of the Impulse Wave to that of the
Deflector wave, but here we need to treat them as Distinct Value. However,
| o ~
[Proxime]

Since the Angular Frequencies of the two wave are comparable. So,

o | o ~
[Definition III]

Solving both equations via Balancing of Binomial Factoring;
t i
Deflect Deflect
t i
pulse pulse
t
Warp Warp
e B e A e C
| o +
+ =
*
Im
*
Im
*
t i
Deflect Deflect
t i
pulse pulse
t
Warp Warp
e B e A e C
| o
=
*
Im
*
Im
*
( )( )
t i
Deflect Deflect
t i
pulse pulse
t i
Deflect
t i
pulse Deflect pulse
t
Warp Warp
e B e A e e B A e C
| o | o *
Im
*
Im Im
* *
Im
*
+ + + + =
+
( )( )
t i
Deflect Deflect
t i
pulse pulse
t i
Deflect
t i
pulse Deflect pulse
t
Warp Warp
e B e A e e B A e C
| o | o *
Im
*
Im Im
* *
Im
*
=

Linearly combining the two equation yields;
182
t
Warp Warp
t
Warp Warp
t
Warp Warp
e C e C e C
* * * +
+ =
[Simul Equal Unum]

( )( )
( )( )
t i
Deflect Deflect
t i
pulse pulse
t i
Deflect
t i
pulse Deflect pulse
t i
Deflect Deflect
t i
pulse pulse
t i
Deflect
t i
pulse Deflect pulse
t
Warp Warp
e B e A e e B A
e B e A e e B A e C
| o | o
| o | o
*
Im
*
Im Im
* *
Im
*
Im
*
Im Im
* *
Im
*
+
+ + + + =

The Lesser Terms Eliminate and plugging in our Angular Frequency Comparability the
equation simplifies to:
( )( ) ( )( )
t i
Deflect
t i
pulse Deflect pulse
t i
Deflect
t i
pulse Deflect pulse
t
Warp Warp
e e B A e e B A e C
| o | o
+ + + =
Im
* *
Im Im
* *
Im
*
( )( ) ( )( )
t i
Deflect
t i
pulse Deflect pulse
t i
Deflect
t i
pulse Deflect pulse
t
Warp Warp
e e B A e e B A e C
o o o o
+ + + =
Im
* *
Im Im
* *
Im
*
Through Eulers Trigonometric Relation:
( )( ) ( )( )
t i
Deflect
t i
pulse Deflect pulse
t i
Deflect
t i
pulse Deflect pulse
t
Warp Warp
e e B A e e B A e C
o o o o
+ + + =
Im
* *
Im Im
* *
Im
*
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) t i B A t B A e C
Deflect pulse Deflect pulse
t
Warp Warp
o o
sin 2 cos 2
* *
Im
* *
Im
*
+ + =
Realizing that;
* *
Im
*
Deflect pulse Warp
B A C =
[Taxi!]
And,
* *
Im
*
Deflect pulse Warp
B A C + =
[Taxi!]
The Equation morphs into
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) t i B A t B A e C
Deflect pulse Deflect pulse
t
Warp Warp
o o
sin 2 cos 2
* *
Im
* *
Im
*
+ + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) t i C t C e C
Warp Warp
t
Warp Warp
o o
sin 2 cos 2
* * *
+ =
Factoring out shared terms
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) t i C t C e C
Warp Warp
t
Warp Warp
o o
sin 2 cos 2
* * *
+ =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) t i C t C e C
Warp Warp
t
Warp Warp
o o
sin 2 cos 2
* * *
+ =
( ) ( ) | | t i t C e C
Warp
t
Warp Warp
o o
sin cos 2
* *
+ =
The Roots to the Equation of Motion are then,
( ) ( ) | | t i t C e C
Warp
t
Warp Warp
o o
sin cos 2
* *
+ =
( ) ( )
t i
Deflect Warp
t i
pulse Warp
t
Warp Warp
e C e C e C
o o
+ =
* 2
Im
* 1 *
2 2
( ) ( )
t ir
Deflect Warp
t ir
pulse Warp
t
Warp Warp
e C e C e C
2 1
* 2
Im
* 1 *
2 2

+ =
[Pater Parens]
183
[ALERT: We have been working backwards and the two Exponential functions constitute
the Complex and the Conjugate Solutions to the Second Order Differential equation that
describes the Equation of Motion for the Warp Stream. The Roots of the Equation have the
Roots for the Signal / Interference Wave Function since the Linearly Combined (Super-
Positioned) the Impulse and Deflection Streams here also.]
Where the Roots are;
( )
2
) ( ) ( B B = = =
L Warp Super
K i r t x t x
Again,
( ) I B
2
L
K
Then,
( )
2
) ( B B = =
L Super
K i r t x
Using these Roots in the Equation;
( ) ( )
t ir
Deflect Warp
t ir
pulse Warp
t
Warp Warp
e C e C e C
2 1
* 2
Im
* 1 *
2 2

+ =
( ) ( )
I I
+ =
i
Deflect Warp
i
pulse Warp
t
Warp Warp
e C e C e C
* 2
Im
* 1 *
2 2
[Patrimonium]
[ALERT: The Qualitative Eigenfunction has also been used in the Root and is part of the
Amplitude as;
B
= = Ce Ce C
E
Warp
2 2 * 2
[Quod Factum Est?]
Or,
( ) ( )
I B I B
+ =
i
Deflect Warp
i
pulse Warp
t
Warp Warp
e e C e e C e C
2
Im
1 *
2 2
]
META-ANALYSIS V
Contained within this equation are the Reverse Fourier Transformed Wave Functions of the
Complex and the Conjugate Wave Functions we would have formulated if we had worked
forwards (using Virtual Surfaces) in our Mathematics.
( ) ( ) | | t i t e e e e
i
pulse
t ir
pulse
e e sin cos
Im Im
1
+ = =
B I B
[Momento Phantasma]
( ) ( ) | | t i t e e e e
i
Deflect
t ir
Deflect
e e sin cos
2
= =
B I B
[In Memoria De Phantasma]
184
I B = = i r t x
Super
) (
Continuing in our derivation of the Warp Streams Wave Function
CLASSICAL ANALYSIS
The Equation simplifies further to:
( ) ( )
I I
+ =
i
Deflect Warp
i
pulse Warp
t
Warp Warp
e C e C e C
* 2
Im
* 1 *
2 2
( )( )
I I
+ =
i
Deflect
i
pulse Warp
t
Warp Warp
e e C e C
Im
* 1 *
2
Again, through Eulers Trigonometric Relation we get;

( )( )
I I
+ =
i
Deflect
i
pulse Warp
t
Warp Warp
e e C e C
Im
* 1 *
2
( ) ( ) ( ) t C e C
Warp
t
Warp Warp
o
cos 2
* 1 *
=
[ALPHA: quatio Motus]
THE EQUATION OF MOTION
This is the Classical Equation of Motion / Wave Function of the Warp Stream that enters the
Eye at the top Shield. It is a Sinusoidal motion and thus carries information on the Rate of
Descent of the Cold Reservoir of the Eye: since the Cold Reservoir slowly drains the air
inside is in Motion (the Closed Circuit Loop NEVER stops) and thus represents a Simple
Harmonic Oscillators (in its Lowest Energy State (Orbital) Motion or a Propagating Wave
Function.
[78]
Now lets formulate the Probability of the Warp Stream transcending the top Shield and
entering the Eye.
QUANTUM ANALYSIS
In the Classical Analysis we balanced the Total Energy of the system, in Quantum Mechanics
we must Balance the Continuity of the Systems Energy at Boundaries where the Effects of
Reflection and Transmission of waves occur.
[78]
In our Model these Reflection and
Transmission Phenomena are the Deflection and Warp Streams at the Discontinuity we call
the top Shield. In parallel to Quantum Models of Barrier Potentials there are two we are
considering:
MODUS I: Step Potential: A Barrier of Finite Potential with Infinite Thickness where the
Incident Waves Energy is Greater than the Step Potentials.
[78]
MODUS II: Potential Barrier: A Barrier of Infinite Potential with Finite Thickness with
Incident Waves Energy is Greater than the Barriers Potential.
[78]
Our system is a Mixture of the two and can be Mathematically Molded as:
185
MODUS III: Shield Barrier: A Barrier of Infinite Potential with Infinitesimal Thickness
where the Incident Waves Energy is Greater than the Force Fields Potential.
[NOTE: Infinite and Infinitesimal in our MODI merely imply that the Energies and
Potential are Very Large and Very Small such that a measurement of them would
transcend any reference in the every day Universe as in Barriers with thickness smaller than
the Orders of Magnitude of Maximilian Plancks (1858 1947) Constant
^
can resolve for
Sub-Atomic Particle Uncertainties (like the thickness of an Imaginary Virtual Surface) or
having an Energy / Force / Pressure higher than anything previously measured (like the
Stamen of our Shields). Having both these Astronomical amounts of Power and Non-
Corporeality localized in a minuscule and immeasurably small space in the Phantoms of
Force Fields is not just the wonders of our favorite Science-Fiction Series
^
but, is now a Fact
of Science. So make no mistake, we are doing Sci-Fact and as before we promise, there is a
Phenomenal Pay-off behind our Logic.]
Such Equations needed for MODUS III are not known so, we must (as we have been doing
throughout this paper) derive our own Equations for the Reflection and Transmission
Confidents of the Reflection (Deflector) and Transmission (Warp) waves Probability Fluxs
or the Mathematical likelihood of the occurrence of each Wave: The Reflection Flux
Probability tells us the Odds of the Incident (Impulse) Wave being deflected off the Shield
and the Transmission Probability Flux tells us the Odds of the Incident (Impulse) Wave
transcending the Barrier and Appearing on the other side of it (Inside the Cold Reservoir of
the Eye).
[78]
THE CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY / THE CONTINUITY OF
ENERGY
^
Maximilian Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858 1947) the German Theoretical
Physicist and Composer for whom the Planck Constant (denoted h) is named after. Planck
Constant is a Physical Constant that is the Quantum of Action in Quantum Mechanics and
describes the Proportionality Constant between the Energy (E) of a charged Atomic
Oscillator in the Wall of a Black Body, and the Frequency () of its associated
Electromagnetic Wave. Planck, who originated Quantum Theory and revolutionized human
understanding of Atomic and Subatomic processes, won the Nobel Prize in Physics in
1918.
[90][91]

^
Eugene Gene Wesley Roddenberry (1921 1991) the American Futurist, Producer and
Television Screenwriter best known for creating the original Star Trek television series and
thus the Star Trek Science Fiction Franchise. Roddenberry prophesied of a world with
Instantaneous Communication, Automated Communities and Conversational Computer
Systems. Roddenberry served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II and
flew 89 combat missions and worked as a commercial pilot after the war. Later Rodenberry
followed in his father's footsteps and joined the Los Angeles Police Department to provide
for his family, but began to focus on writing scripts for television. In 1985 Rodenberry
became the first TV writer with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and was later
inducted by both the Science Fiction Hall of Fame and the Academy of Television Arts &
Sciences Hall of Fame.
[92]

186
To Mathematically Model the System as Quantum Dynamics we must create and expression
that show the balance of the Energy in term of the Wave Function of the three waves:
Impulse, Deflection and Warp. As we saw in the Classical Analysis the Conservation of
Mechanical Energy for the top Shield is:
Warp Deflect pulse
E E E + =
Im
[quum XII]
Warp Deflect pulse
E E E + =
Im
Translating this into the Language of Quantum Physics via expression of Wave Functions
gives;
Warp Deflect pulse
E E E + =
Im
Warp Deflect pulse
E E E + =
Im
t
Warp Warp
t i
Deflect Deflect
t i
pulse pulse
e C e B e A
| o * *
Im
*
Im
+ =

[Translato]
Where again,
t i
pulse pulse
e A
o
Im
*
Im
is the wave function for the Impulse Stream.
t
Warp Warp
e C
*
is the wave function for the Warps Stream
But
t i
Deflect Deflect
e B
|
*
is the wave function for the Deflector Stream and is the Quantum
representation of the Oscillatory Energy of an Alternating Voltage for the Potential Barrier
behavior of the top Shield. This wave is Incident on the Force Field of the Top Shield: Since
the term portrays an Energy Oscillation it has both a Positive and a Negative value being the
Upper and Lower Halves of the Top Shields Heartbeat Wave Function we plotted earlier
in GRAPH I. The Negative, Lower Half describes Negative Energy and the Positive Upper
Half describes Positive Energy occurring simultaneously and thus maintaining a Steady,
Holding Shield:
Thus ends their correlation with Classical Physics. The next thing we must do in our creation
of the Probability Fluxes for the top Shield is make sure that the Continuity of Energy holds.
This means that at the location of the Shield Barrier the three wave functions must remain
Continuous or Smooth waves despite their Encounter / Interaction with the Discontinuity
of the Ghost of our Shield Barrier: basically since the Force Field interacts with the Energy
of the waves (as stated in LEX VI) we must make sure that the Total Energy is Conserved
we can do this by asserting that at the location of the top Shield all three waves have a values
that Summate to Unity, making the Shield essentially a Reflection point for the Incident
(Impulse) Wave and thus producing the Reflection (Deflection) Wave and a Local
Maximum, Minimum or Node for the Transmission (Warp) Wave that transcends it.
[78]

Therefore the only alterations to the waves themselves are changes in Amplitude. The Shield
barrier Equation of Continuity looks like this:
t
Warp Warp
t i
Deflect Deflect
t i
pulse pulse
e C e B e A
| o * *
Im
*
Im
+ =

[Vermis Cavus Faciendus]
187
( ) ( ) ( )
0
*
0
*
Im
*
Im
= =
=
+ =
x
t
Warp Warp
x
t i
Deflect Deflect
o x
t i
pulse pulse
e C e B e A
| o
[ALERT: The Subscript x=0 marks the location of the top Shield: All three waves encounter
the shield at the same location.]
In order for this Continuity to hold, both the Initial Function and its First Derivative must
hold these properties of Continuity: The Summation of the First Derivatives must also
Summate to Unity. So lets take its First Derivative (with respect to Time):
( ) ( ) ( )
0
*
0
*
Im
*
Im
= =
=
+ =
x
t
Warp Warp
x
t i
Deflect Deflect
o x
t i
pulse pulse
e C e B e A
| o
[Inde Ex Eo Tempore]
( ) | | ( ) | | ( ) | |
0
*
0
*
Im
*
Im
= =
=
+ =
x
t
Warp Warp
x
t i
Deflect Deflect
o x
t i
pulse pulse
e C
dt
d
e B
dt
d
e A
dt
d
| o
( ) ( ) ( )
0
*
0
*
Im
*
Im
= =
=
+ =
x
t
Warp Warp
x
t i
Deflect Deflect
o x
t i
pulse pulse
e C i e B i e A i
| o
| o
[NOTE: The Equations both hold for the Summation to Unity if the Incident (Impulse) Wave
is valued One and the Reflection (Deflector) and Transmission (Warp) Wave Energies
amount to that of the Incident (Impulse).]
Using just the Coefficients of the Amplitudes we can derive the necessary expressions for the
Reflection and Transmission Coefficients;
( ) ( ) ( )
0
*
0
*
Im
*
Im
= =
=
+ =
x
t
Warp Warp
x
t i
Deflect Deflect
o x
t i
pulse pulse
e C e B e A
| o
[Amplitudum]
* * *
C B A + =
* * *
C B A + =
And,
( ) ( ) ( )
0
*
0
*
Im
*
Im
= =
=
+ =
x
t
Warp Warp
x
t i
Deflect Deflect
o x
t i
pulse pulse
e C i e B i e A i
| o
| o
* * *
C i B i A i | o + =
Dividing the First Derivative Coefficient Equation by the Imaginary Number
i
gives:
* * *
C B A | o + =
[Ex Evanescentis Phantasma]
These two equations can be used to write the Reflection (Deflector) and Transmission (Warp)
Coefficients in terms of only the Incident (Impulse) Coefficient. But we have to perform two
transitions; one for the Positive value of the Reflection (Deflector) Wave (
*
Deflect
B +
) and one
for the Negative value of the Reflection (Deflector) Wave (
*
Deflect
B
). As we shall see the
end results are equal but we must show the mathematical causality of such results.
188
Lets relate the Reflection Coefficient in term of the Incident Coefficient (with Negative
Reflection Coefficient value):
* * *
C B A + =
[Duobus In Unum]
* * *
C B A | o + =
[Duobus In Unum]
The Negative Reflection Coefficient Equation is;
* * *
C B A + =
[Negativus][Unum I]
* * *
C B A | o + =

[Duum I]
To write one expression with only one Amplitude Coefficient we must use both Equations to
define
*
Deflect
B
and
*
Warp
C
in terms of the
*
Im pulse
A
Coefficient Term.
* * *
C B A = +
* * *
C B A | o =

Plugging in the Right Side of the Initial Equation into the Left Side of the First Derivatives
term for the Transmission Confident shows;
* * *
C B A | o =

( )
* *
Im
* *
Im Deflect pulse Deflect pulse
B A B A

+ = | o
Distributing, Grouping and Factoring out Like Terms:
( )
* *
Im
* *
B A B A

+ = | o
* *
Im
* *
B A B A

+ = | o
* * *
Im
*
Im Deflect Deflect pulse pulse
B B A A

+ = | o
( ) ( )
* *
Im Deflect pulse
B A

+ = | o
Solving for the Reflection Coefficient gives:
( ) ( )
* *
Im Deflect pulse
B A

+ = | o
( )
( )
*
*
Im
Deflect
pulse
B
A

=
+
|
o
Or,
189
( )
( ) |
o
+
*
Im
*
pulse
Deflect
A
B
Lets relate the Transmission Coefficient in term of the Incident Coefficient (with Negative
Reflection Coefficient value) by plugging the new Reflection Coefficient into the First
Derivative Expression:
* * *
C B A = +
( )
( )
*
*
Im
*
Im Warp
pulse
pulse
C
A
A =
+
+
|
o
( )
( )
* *
Im
1
Warp pulse
C A =
(
+
|
o
Finding the Lest Common Denominator gives:
( )
( )
* *
Im
1
Warp pulse
C A =
(
+
|
o
( )
( )
( )
( )
* *
Im Warp pulse
C A =
(
+
+
+
|
o
|
|
( ) ( )
( )
* *
Im Warp pulse
C A =
(
+
+ +
|
o |
( )
( )
* *
Im Warp pulse
C A =
(
+
+ +
|
o |
( )
( )
* *
Im Warp pulse
C A =
(
+
+
|
o |
Or,
( )
( )
(
+
+
=
|
o |
*
Im
*
pulse Warp
A C
Now lets repeat these two Relations for the Reflections Positive Coefficient Value:
* * *
C B A + =
[Duobus In Unum]
* * *
C B A | o + =
[Duobus In Unum]
* * *
C B A + =
+
[Positivus] [Unum II]
* * *
C B A | o + =
+
[Duum II]
190
Solve both Equations for the Transmission Term:
* * *
C B A =
+
* * *
C B A | o = +
+
Plugging in the Right side of the Initial Equation into the Left Side of the First Derivatives
term for the Transmission Confident shows;
* * *
C B A | o = +
+
( )
* *
Im
* *
B A B A
+ +
= + | o
Distributing, Grouping and Factoring out Like Terms:
( )
* *
Im
* *
B A B A
+ +
= + | o
* *
Im
* *
B A B A
+ +
= + | o
* * *
Im
*
Im Deflect Deflect pulse pulse
B B A A
+ +
= | o
( ) ( )
* *
Im Deflect pulse
B A
+
+ = | o
Solving for the Reflection Coefficient gives:
( ) ( )
* *
Im Deflect pulse
B A
+
+ = | o
( )
( )
*
*
Im
Deflect
pulse
B
A
+
=
+
|
o
( )
( )
*
*
Im
Deflect
pulse
B
A
+
=
+
|
o
Or,
( )
( ) |
o
+
=
+
*
Im
*
pulse
Deflect
A
B
Lets relate the Transmission Coefficient in term of the Incident Coefficient (with Positive
Reflection Coefficient value) by plugging the new Reflection Coefficient into the First
Derivative Expression:
* * *
C B A =
+
( )
( )
*
*
Im
*
Im Warp
pulse
pulse
C
A
A =
(
(

|
o
191
( )
( )
*
*
Im
*
Im Warp
pulse
pulse
C
A
A =
(
(
+
|
o
( )
( )
* *
Im
1
Warp pulse
C A =
(
+
|
o
Finding the Lest Common Denominator gives:
( )
( )
* *
Im
1
Warp pulse
C A =
(
+
|
o
( )
( )
( )
( )
* *
Im Warp pulse
C A =
(
+
+
+
|
o
|
|
( ) ( )
( )
* *
Im Warp pulse
C A =
(
+
+ +
|
o |
( )
( )
* *
Im Warp pulse
C A =
(
+
+ +
|
o |
( )
( )
* *
Im Warp pulse
C A =
(
+
+
|
o |
Or,
( )
( )
(
+
+
=
+
|
o |
*
Im
*
pulse Warp
A C
[ATTENTION: The Positive and Negative for the Reflection (Deflector) wave Coefficients
are opposite in sign but the Same Value for the Transmission (Warp) wave Coefficient is
calculated for both:
* *
Deflect Deflect
B B
+
=
( )
( )
( )
( ) |
o
|
o
+
=
+
*
Im
*
Im pulse pulse
A A
[Non Equaum]
But,
* *
Warp Warp
C C
+
=
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
+
+
=
(
+
+
|
o |
|
o |
*
Im
*
Im pulse pulse
A A
[qualis]
192
As we shall see shortly, this is of little consequence; however we still must continue our
calculations with both values of the Reflection (Deflector) Wave Coefficients for
Mathematical and Physical integrity.]
FLUX PROBABILITIES
The Flux Probabilities are Statistical Analysis of the Likelihood of an event occurring and
thus are Dimensionless Quantities.
[74]
[NOTE: The Flux Probabilities are Dimensionless Quantities.]
Now lets calculate the Probability Fluxes for the Reflection and Transmission Waves:
The Reflection Flux Probability with Positive Reflection Coefficient is given by:
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
+ +
+
*
*
Re
*
*
Re Re
Incident
flect
Incident
flect
Incidente
flect
B
Flux
A
B
A
B
v
v
R
[Probabilitas De Reflect Unda: Unum I]
Translating into our Shield Language:
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
+ +
+
*
Im
*
*
Im
*
Im pulse
Deflect
pulse
Deflect
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
A
B
A
B
v
v
R
Plugging in our Coefficients gives;
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
+ +
+
*
Im
*
*
Im
*
Im pulse
Deflect
pulse
Deflect
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
A
B
A
B
v
v
R
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
+
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
Im pulse
pulse
pulse
pulse
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
A
A
A
A
v
v
R
|
o
|
o
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
+
1 1
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
Im
|
o
|
o
pulse
pulse
pulse
pulse
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
A
A
A
A
v
v
R
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
+
|
o
|
o
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
Im pulse
pulse
pulse
pulse
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
A
A
A
A
v
v
R
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+

|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
+
|
o
|
o
*
Im
*
Im
Im pulse
pulse
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
A
A
v
v
R
193
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+

|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
+
|
o
|
o
1
Im pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+

|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
+
|
o
|
o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
Im
( )
( )
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
+
2
Im
|
o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
( )
( )
2
Im
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
+
|
o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
[30]
( )
( )
2
Im
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
+
|
o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
+
|
o
|
o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
Im
[ALERT: In order to keep the Denominators for Positive and Negative Reflection
(Deflector) Coefficients the same we shall append the Minus Sign of the Denominator to the
Numerator. This is allowed by Algebraic Properties and Operations of Fraction Rule of
Signs.
[30]
]
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
+
|
o
|
o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
Im
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+

|
|
.
|
\
|
+

=
+
|
o
|
o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
Im
By the Properties of Negation and Distribution we have:
[30]
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+

|
|
.
|
\
|
+

=
+
|
o
|
o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
Im
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
=
+
|
o
|
o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
Im
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + +
+
=
+
2 2
2 2
Im
| | |
o o o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+
=
+
2 2
2 2
Im
2
2
| |
o o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
194
[ATTENTION: The Squaring of the Negative Coefficient Argument by Algebraic Rules for
Special Products of Binomials has yielded a Positive Value. This makes the outcome of our
calculations look more conforming to the Conservative of Mechanical Energy because if this
Equation were Negative, we would be destroying Energy!!!!!!]
Now lets formulate the Reflection Flux Probability with Negative Reflection Coefficient:
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=

*
*
Re
*
*
Re Re
Incident
flect
Incident
flect
Incidente
flect
B
Flux
A
B
A
B
v
v
R
[Probabilitas De Reflect Unda: Unum II]
Again, translating into our Shield Language:
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=

*
Im
*
*
Im
*
Im pulse
Deflect
pulse
Deflect
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
A
B
A
B
v
v
R
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=

*
Im
*
*
Im
*
Im pulse
Deflect
pulse
Deflect
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
A
B
A
B
v
v
R
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
Im pulse
pulse
pulse
pulse
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
A
A
A
A
v
v
R
|
o
|
o
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
1 1
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
Im
|
o
|
o
pulse
pulse
pulse
pulse
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
A
A
A
A
v
v
R
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
o
|
o
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
Im pulse
pulse
pulse
pulse
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
A
A
A
A
v
v
R
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
o
|
o
*
Im
*
Im
Im pulse
pulse
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
A
A
v
v
R
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
o
|
o
1
Im pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
o
|
o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
Im
( )
( )
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
2
Im
|
o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
195
( )
( )
2
Im
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
[30]
( )
( )
2
Im
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
o
|
o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
Im
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + +
+
=
2 2
2 2
Im
| | |
o o o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+
=
2 2
2 2
Im
2
2
| |
o o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
[ATTENTION: The Positive and Negative for the Reflection (Deflector) wave Coefficients
are opposite but the Two Reflection (Deflector) Flux Probability Formulas ARE
Equivalent!!!! This means that we can use either Coefficients of B for the Total Energy of the
Reflection (Deflector) Wave is still represented.
B
Flux
B
Flux
R R
+
=
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+
2 2
2 2
Im
2 2
2 2
Im
2
2
2
2
| |
o o
| |
o o
pulse
Deflect
pulse
Deflect
v
v
v
v
[qualis]
We shall use the
B
Flux
R
+
term of the Reflection (Deflector) Wave Coefficient for the
Mathematical and Physical integrity of our Model.]
Now lets formulate the Transmission Flux Probability:
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
*
*
*
*
Incident
Transmit
Incident
Transmit
Incidente
Transmit
Flux
A
C
A
C
v
v
T
[Probabilitas De Vermis Cavus]
Again, translating into our Shield Language:
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
*
Im
*
*
Im
*
Im pulse
Warp
pulse
Warp
pulsee
Warp
Flux
A
C
A
C
v
v
T
196
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
*
Im
*
*
Im
*
Im pulse
Warp
pulse
Warp
pulsee
Warp
Flux
A
C
A
C
v
v
T
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
+
+
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
+
+
=
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
Im pulse
pulse
pulse
pulse
pulsee
Warp
Flux
A
A
A
A
v
v
T
|
o |
|
o |
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
1 1
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
Im
|
o |
|
o |
pulse
pulse
pulse
pulse
pulsee
Warp
Flux
A
A
A
A
v
v
T
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
o |
|
o |
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
*
Im
Im pulse
pulse
pulse
pulse
pulsee
Warp
Flux
A
A
A
A
v
v
T
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
o |
|
o |
*
Im
*
Im
Im pulse
pulse
pulsee
Warp
Flux
A
A
v
v
T
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
+
+
=
|
o |
|
o |
1
Im pulsee
Warp
Flux
v
v
T
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
+
+
=
|
o |
|
o |
pulsee
Warp
Flux
v
v
T
Im
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
=
|
o |
|
o |
pulsee
Warp
Flux
v
v
T
Im
( )
( )
2
Im
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
=
|
o |
pulsee
Warp
Flux
v
v
T
[30]
( )
( )
2
Im
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
=
|
o |
pulsee
Warp
Flux
v
v
T
( )
( )
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
=
|
o |
|
o |
pulsee
Warp
Flux
v
v
T
Im
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + +
+ + +
=
2 2
2 2
Im
| | |
o o| o| |
pulsee
Warp
Flux
v
v
T
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+ +
=
2 2
2 2
Im
2
2
| |
o o| |
pulsee
Warp
Flux
v
v
T
197
PARAMETER ANALYSIS
For commonality between the Classical and the Quantum versions of our Models we are
using the same variables of the Signal / Interference Wave Function given as the Root of their
Ordinary Second Order Differential Equation of Motion. Again, as before we relied on LEX
IV and equated the Amplitude of the Impulse Wave to that of the Deflector wave, but here
we need to treat them as Distinct Value. However,
| o ~
[Proxime]

Since the Angular Frequencies of the two wave are comparable. So,

o | o ~
[Definition III]

Again the Roots are;
( )
2
) ( ) ( B B = = =
L Warp Super
K i r t x t x
Again,
( ) I B
2
L
K
Then,
( )
2
) ( B B = =
L Super
K i r t x
But for Continuity of the Incident (Impulse) Waves Energy Conservation we must use the
First Root for both the Incident (Impulse) and the Reflection (Deflector) Waves Coefficients
and the Second Root for the Transmission (Warp) Wave Coefficient: This is why we wrote
all three wave Coefficients in terms of only the Incident (Impulse)
Waves
*
Im pulse
A
Coefficient. This is to ensure that the Incident (Impulse) Waves Total Energy
is Conserved across the Discontinuity of the Shield Barrier.
[REMEMBER: We already removed the Imaginary Unit form our Roots when we divided
the Amplitude Coefficients Equations by
i
(Ex Evanescentis Phantasma): Its sort of a
Magic Trick: We put the Constant (Eigenfunction)
B
e
inside the Amplitude term for Safe
Keeping and then dealt only with the Imaginary Part of the Roots;
t i
e
I
.We removed the
Imaginary Unit
i
from it in our consideration of Flux Probabilities (but it was always there)
and now we are pulling the Constant (Eigenfunction)
B
e
term out of our Hats and reuniting
it with its No Longer Imaginary Imaginary Part. This allows us to simple add the two parts
of the Roots:
B
= = Ae Ae A
E
pulse
*
Im
[Quod Factum Est?]
198
Or,
( )
I B
=
i
pulse pulse
t
pulse pulse
e e A e A
Im Im Im
*
Im
o
And,
B
= = Be Be B
E
Deflect
*
[Quod Factum Est?]
Or,
( )
I B
=
i
Deflect Deflect
t
Deflect Deflect
e e B e B
| *
And,
B
= = Ce Ce C
E
Warp
*
[Quod Factum Est?]
Or,
( )
I B
=
i
pulse Warp
t
Warp Warp
e e C e C
Im
*
We must therefore consider and use the Entire Root for the Calculation of the Flux
Probabilities.]
The Rots are:
( )
2
1
B + B = = ~
L
K i r o | o
( )
2
1
B + B =
L
K i r
( )
2 2
1
017108162 . 0 020975641 . 0 130798174 . 0 Hz Hz i Hz r + =
2
1
03867479 . 0 130798174 . 0 Hz i Hz r + =
Hz i Hz r 062189058 . 0 130798174 . 0
1
+ =
Hz Hz r 062189058 . 0 130798174 . 0
1
+ =
Hz r 068609115 . 0
1
=
For the Incident (Impulse) Wave Coefficients and:
( )
2
2
B B = =
L
K i r
( )
2 2
2
017108162 . 0 020975641 . 0 130798174 . 0 Hz Hz i Hz r =
2
2
03867479 . 0 130798174 . 0 Hz i Hz r =
Hz i Hz r 062189058 . 0 130798174 . 0
2
=
199
Hz Hz r 062189058 . 0 130798174 . 0
2
=
Hz r 192987232 . 0
2
=
[ALERT: This Elimination of the Imaginary Unit is the Phantom Projection Power of the
Reverse Fourier Transform to cast the Imaginary Dimension onto the Realm World
Dimensions using Virtual Surface Mathematical Modeling (VSMM).]
Furthermore, the Velocity Expressions are in terms of the Total Energy of the Incident
(Impulse) Particles Kinetic Energy (In the Classical) or its Momentum (in the Quantum).
Since we are in the Quantum analysis, we shall use the Momentum of out particle to
express the velocities of the three waves, however, we must remain true to the Quantum
domain and its Rules:
SchrdingerS CAT
Erwin Schrdinger s Cat Paradox implies that the Quantum State of a particle can not be
know Macroscopically, and the life of the Cat that is inside the Paradox Box is dependent on
a Microscopic Event that is itself determined by Probability and therefore is neither Dead nor
Alive.
[85]
We must then also consider ourselves as outside, excluded observers of the Life /
Death Fate of the Cat: we can not know explicitly the Energy of the Transmitted (Warp)
Particle that Quantum Tunnels into the Box (Eye) even though we already calculated its
velocity Classically (
s
m
v
Cold
Descent
10292324 . 1 =
). So for now we shall simply forget it. What
we can still reference is the Energy of the Incident (Impulse) and Reflection (Deflector)
Waves and using this knowledge, derive Quantum Expression of the particle that Might
appear on the other side of the Shield Barrier. Classically this is done by noting that the
Stamen Units of our Shield is Equivalent to Newton Units (as proven in LEX VIII) and
Newton Units, when multiplied by Time yield the Equation of Momentum.
CONSIDER: In fact, since the Force Fields / Shields we have been using do not store any
Energy in themselves, they can therefore only impart Impulse Forces or Changes in the
Momentum of their Flux Flows (at any given Moment of Time). So, It as if the Shield can
Remove or Endow anything that passes through them with Energy, as long as that
Removed or Endowed Energy is Generated elsewhere and Dissipated by the Force Field
/ Shield into the Surrounding Environment. The Unit of Impulse is the Newton-Second.
LEX XVIII: The Momentum of the Incident (Impulse) and Reflection (Deflector) [and
Transmission (Warp)] Waves are then given by the Time Multiplication of their Stamen:
Stamen Newton
s
kgm
s
m
s
kg
v R
Flux
Warp
Mass
= = = |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
Multiply by Time (s) and,
200
Momentum Seconds Stamen Newton
s
kgm
s
kgms
s
s
m
s
kg
s v R
Flux
Warp
Mass
= = = = |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= /
2
For the Incident (Impulse) Wave:
( ) s
s
m
s
kg
s v R s v R
Exit
Cold
Mass Flux
pluse
Mass
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = 59766167 . 66 9 . 010 , 899 , 343
Im
( ) s
s
m
s
kg
s v R s v R
Exit
Cold
Mass Flux
pluse
Mass
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= =
10 Im
10 290286998 . 2
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= =
s
ms
s
kg
s v R s v R
Exit
Cold
Mass Flux
pluse
Mass
10 Im
10 290286998 . 2
( ) m
s
kg
s v R s v R
Exit
Cold
Mass Flux
pluse
Mass
|
.
|
\
|
= =
10 Im
10 290286998 . 2
|
.
|
\
|
= =
s
kgm
s v R s v R
Exit
Cold
Mass Flux
pluse
Mass
10 Im
10 290286998 . 2
Ns s v R s v R
Exit
Cold
Mass Flux
pluse
Mass
10 Im
10 290286998 . 2 = =
Sts s v R s v R
Exit
Cold
Mass Flux
pluse
Mass
10 Im
10 290286998 . 2 = =
Or,
GSts s v R s v R
Exit
Cold
Mass Flux
pluse
Mass
23
Im
~ =
And for the Reflection (Deflector) Wave:
( ) s
s
m
s
kg
s v R s v R
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = 33894677 . 54 4 . 725 , 962 , 89
( ) s
s
m
s
kg
s v R s v R
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = 060 , 475 , 888 , 4
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= =
s
ms
s
kg
s v R s v R
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass
060 , 475 , 888 , 4
( ) m
s
kg
s v R s v R
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass
|
.
|
\
|
= = 060 , 475 , 888 , 4
|
.
|
\
|
= =
s
kgm
s v R s v R
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass
060 , 475 , 888 , 4
Ns s v R s v R
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass
060 , 475 , 888 , 4 = =
Sts s v R s v R
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass
060 , 475 , 888 , 4 = =
Sts s v R s v R
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass
9
10 888475060 . 4 = =
201
Or,
GSts s v R s v R
Vapor
Water
Mass Flux
Deflect
Mass
89 . 4 ~ =
As follows the Velocities of the Two Waves can then be found by dividing their Momenti by
their respective Masses and Time:
s R
s v R
T M
P
v
Cold
Mass
Exit
Cold
Mass
pulse
pulse
Incident
= =
Im
Im
Exit Incident
v v =
s
m
v
Incident
59766167 . 66 =
And
s R
s v R
T M
P
v
Deflect
Mass
Vapor
Water
Mass
Deflect
Deflect
flect
= =
Re
Vapor flect
v v =
Re
s
m
v
flect
33894677 . 54
Re
=
Now the Conservation of Energy and the Continuity of Energy allows us to define the
Velocity / Momentum of the Transmitted (Warp) Particle as the Mathematical Difference of
the Velocity / Momentum of the Incident (Impulse) and Reflection (Deflector) waves:
flect Incident Transmit
v v v
Re
=
s
m
s
m
v
Transmit
33894677 . 54 59766167 . 66 =
s
m
v
Transmit
2587149 . 12 =
However;
[ATTENTION: This is NOT the Velocity of the Descending Eye Air that transcends the top
Shield but is merely an expression of the Energy Loss removed by the Shield. This would be
the Transmission (Warp) Waves Velocity if it didnt have such a Powerful Shield Barrier to
Overcome but the act of Quantum Tunneling Siphons Energy from the Particle. This
Velocity is the velocity the entering Eye air would have if nothing were standing in its way.]
[CAUTION: Though we know these quantities we CAN NOT use them here!!!! We must
conform ourselves to the Quantum Model.]
202
This means that we MUST use the Quantum representation of Momentum by expressing
them in terms of the Roots to the Ordinary Second Order Differential Equation for the
Incident (Impulse) Wave.
For the Wave Functions outside the Shield Barrier (Incident (Impulse) and Reflection
(Deflector)):
flect Incident
v v
Re
~
[Definitio III]
o | o
v v v ~
Here,
I I
Incident
Momentum
m
r h
m
P
v
1
= =
o
[Momentum I]
And For the Wave Functions inside the Shield Barrier (Transmission (Warp)):
I I
Incident
Momentum
m
r h
m
P
v
2
= =
[Momentum II]
Where,
h
is the Planck Constant:
( )( ) s J h
34
10 055 . 1

=
,
And, from Par I:
I Model D I
m m m m 2 2 = +
1
r
is the First Root:
Hz r 068609115 . 0
1
=
And
2
r
is the Second Root:
Hz r 192987232 . 0
2
=
Now that we have all the necessary variables lets calculate the Flux Probabilities:
FLUX PROBABILITIES
Plugging in our variable the Reflection (Deflector) Wave Probability:
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+
=
+
2 2
2 2
Im
2
2
| |
o o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
[Talis Evolver]
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+
=
+
2 2
2 2
Im
2
2
o o
o o
pulse
Deflect
B
Flux
v
v
R
203
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+
=
+
2
2 2 1
2
1
2
2 2 1
2
1
1
1
2
2
r r r r
r r r r
m
r h
m
r h
R
I
I B
Flux
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+
=
+
2 2
2 2
1
1
192987232 . 0 192987232 . 0 068609115 . 0 2 068609115 . 0
192987232 . 0 192987232 . 0 068609115 . 0 2 068609115 . 0
Hz Hz
Hz Hz Hz Hz
m r h
m r h
R
I
I B
Flux
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+
=
+
2 2 2
2 2 2
1
1
037244071 . 0 026481366 . 0 61 0047072106 . 0
037244071 . 0 026481366 . 0 61 0047072106 . 0
Hz Hz Hz
Hz Hz Hz
r
r
R
B
Flux
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
+
2
2
068432647 . 0
015469915 . 0
068609115 . 0
068609115 . 0
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
R
B
Flux
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
+
2
2
22606045 . 0 1
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
R
B
Flux
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
+
2
2
22606045 . 0
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
R
B
Flux
( )
( )
( ) ess Dimensionl
Hz
Hz
Hz Hz
Hz Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
= = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
1 1
3
3
2
2
2
2
Then,
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
+
2
2
22606045 . 0
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
R
B
Flux
22606045 . 0 =
+B
Flux
R
1
10 2606045 . 2
+
=
B
Flux
R
Or,
1
10 26 . 2
+
~
B
Flux
R
Plugging in our variable the Transmission (Warp) Wave Probability is:
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+ +
=
2 2
2 2
Im
2
2
| |
o o| |
pulsee
Warp
Flux
v
v
T
[Talis Evolver]
204
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+ +
=
2
2 2 1
2
1
2
1 1 1
2
1
1
2
2
2
r r r r
r r r r
m
r h
m
r h
T
I
I
Flux
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+ +
=
2 2
2 2
1
2
192987232 . 0 192987232 . 0 068609115 . 0 2 068609115 . 0
068609115 . 0 068609115 . 0 068609115 . 0 2 068609115 . 0
Hz Hz
m r h
m r h
T
I
I
Flux

( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+ +
=
2 2 2
2 2
1
2
037244071 . 0 026481366 . 0 61 0047072106 . 0
61 0047072106 . 0 22 0094144213 . 0 61 0047072106 . 0
Hz Hz Hz
Hz Hz Hz
r
r
T
Flux
( )
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
1
2
068432647 . 0
018828842 . 0
Hz
Hz
r
r
T
Flux
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
275144142 . 0
068609115 . 0
192987232 . 0
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
T
Flux
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
275144142 . 0 812851208 . 2
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
T
Flux
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
773939532 . 0
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
T
Flux
( )
( )
( ) ess Dimensionl
Hz
Hz
Hz Hz
Hz Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
= = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
1 1
3
3
2
2
2
2
Then,
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
773939532 . 0
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
T
Flux
773939532 . 0 =
Flux
T
1
10 73939532 . 7

=
Flux
T
Or,
1
10 74 . 7

~
Flux
T
FLUX PROBABILITY PREDICTIONS
The Reflection (Deflector) and Transmission (Warp) Probabilities are:
205
% 23 22606045 . 0 ~ =
+B
Flux
R
[Fortuna]
This means that there is almost a 1 in 4 Chance that the Incident (Impulse) Wave, when it
collides into the top Shield might be Reflected (Deflected) off of it.
And,
% 77 773939532 . 0 ~ =
Flux
T
[Fortuna]
This means that there is almost a 3 in 4 Chance that the Incident (Impulse) Wave, when it
collides into the top Shield might be Transmitted (Warped) through it.
By the Conservation of Mechanical Energy / The Continuity of Energy the two Flux
probabilities MUST Summate to Unity (Equal One). Lets verify this now,
1 = Unity
Flux
B
Flux
T R Unity + =
+
773939532 . 0 22606045 . 0 + = Unity
1 999999982 . 0 ~ = Unity
[Satisfactionem]
This means that Energy IS Conserved in our Model!!!!!!!!!!!!! [OMEGA: Probabilitas]
[NOTE: That means that our invocation of the Correspondence Principle Holds as a Valid
Scientific Method!!!!!!!]
RETRO-ANALYSIS
Now that we know that the Incident (Impulse) Wave Transcend s the tops Shield Barrier lets
calculate its Momentum:
( ) s
s
m
s
kg
s v R s v R s v R
Cold
Descent
Outside
Mass Enter
Outside
Mass Flux
Warp
Mass
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = = 10292324 . 1 5 . 285 , 936 , 253
( ) s
s
m
s
kg
v R v R v R
Cold
Descent
Outside
Mass Enter
Outside
Mass Flux
Warp
Mass
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = = 8 . 230 , 072 , 280
2
8 . 230 , 072 , 280
s
kgms
v R v R v R
Cold
Descent
Outside
Mass Enter
Outside
Mass Flux
Warp
Mass
= = =
Ns v R v R v R
Cold
Descent
Outside
Mass Enter
Outside
Mass Flux
Warp
Mass
8 . 230 , 072 , 280 = = =
Sts v R v R v R
Cold
Descent
Outside
Mass Enter
Outside
Mass Flux
Warp
Mass
8 . 230 , 072 , 280 = = =
Sts v R v R v R
Cold
Descent
Outside
Mass Enter
Outside
Mass Flux
Warp
Mass
8
10 80072230 . 2 = = =
Or,
206
MSts v R v R v R
Cold
Descent
Outside
Mass Enter
Outside
Mass Flux
Warp
Mass
1 . 280 ~ = =
[NOTE: The Velocity is still determined by the Classical Model, we were just waiting for
Quantum Confirmation of Appreciable Transmission before we calculated the Quantum
Tunneled Particles Momentum, and since the Particle does transcend the Shield Barrier
and has some Momentum left over: i.e.: a Propagating Wave Function, we proclaim: THE
CAT IS ALIVE!!!!(Shes just having an Outer Body Experience.)]
THE CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY / THE CONTINUITY OF
ENERGY DATA INTERPRETATION
Now that we have analyzed the Inflow Dynamics of the Closed Circuit Loop of the storm,
what does our Data tells? Which Model should we endorse as being the Real World
Observance? The Classical Model tells us that a Stream or Wave of Measurably Discernable
Amplitude, Pressure and Kinetic Energy, somehow enters the Eye at its top Shield. The
Quantum Model tells us that a Particles Momentum (Matter) Wave, incident on a Shield
Barrier, Teleports itself through the obstacle three out of four times but reveals nothing about
the actual Transmission. Since both give vital Real Information about the System, we MUST
then use BOTH.
CLOSED CIRCUIT LOOP DYNAMICS
The Ratio of the Air Densities of the Cold and Outside Reservoirs are:
Cold
Outside
Density
R
=
[Proportio I]
3
3
5508 . 1
1644 . 1
m
kg
m
kg
R
Density
=
3
3
750838277 . 0
m
kg
m
kg
R
Density
=
ess Dimensionl
kgm
kgm
m
kg
m
kg
= = = 1
3
3
3
3
Then,
207
3
3
750838277 . 0
m
kg
m
kg
R
Density
=
750838277 . 0 =
Density
R
1
10 50838277 . 7

=
Density
R
Or,
1
10 51 . 7

~
Density
R
[NOTE: This is comparable to the Flux Probability of the Transmission (Warp) Stream.
Flux Density
T R ~
1 1
10 74 . 7 10 51 . 7

~
]
Reciprocally, the Mass Flow Rate of the Frozen Water Vapor to the Mass Flow Rate of the
exiting Eye air gives:
Cold
Mass
Water
Mass
Mass
R
R
R =
[Proportio II]
s
kg
s
kg
R
Mass
9 . 010 , 899 , 343
4 . 725 , 962 , 89
=
s
kg
s
kg
R
Mass
261596348 . 0 =
ess Dimensionl
kgs
kgs
s
kg
s
kg
= = = 1
Then,
208
s
kg
s
kg
R
Mass
261596348 . 0 =
261596348 . 0 =
Mass
R
1
10 61596348 . 2

=
Mass
R
Or,
1
10 62 . 2

~
Mass
R
[NOTE: This is comparable to the Flux Probability of the Reflection (Deflector) Stream.
B
Flux Mass
R R
+
~
1 1
10 26 . 2 10 62 . 2

~
]
In fact,
LEX XIX / CAVEAT 17: The Transmission Flux Probability is comparable to the Ration of
the cold and outside air densities:
Flux
Cold
Outside
Density
T R ~ =
[Proportio I]
And the Reflection Flux Probability is comparable to the Ration of the Frozen Water Vapor
Mass Flow Rate to the Exiting air Mass Flow Rate:
B
Flux
Cold
Mass
Water
Mass
Mass
R
R
R
R
+
~ =
[Proportio II]
We can therefore us these Ratios to unite both Models. In order to show how, we must
perform an Analogy:
ANALOGY: Lets say we had an Automated Tennis Ball Launching Machine in a Large
Room filled with an ocean of Red Balls on the Floor. The Machine is preloaded with Three
Green Balls (i.e.: the Green balls are of a fixed Quantity). Furthermore, some Mechanism
loads the Green Tennis Balls into the Launcher. Now the Launcher can ONLY fire when
Four Balls are loaded and we (for now) have only Three Green Balls. The Mechanism then
includes in every Firing, One Red Ball it picks up from the Floor. Once the Machine is fully
loaded it fires all Four Balls in rapid fire, at a Stone Wall. We observe the Four balls as they
fly toward their target, the Stone wall, and to our surprise the first three balls (the Green
Ones) pass right through the Stone Wall as if they were Ghosts, but the fourth ball (the Red
One) bounces off the palisade and lands back on the Floor among its kind. The Green Balls
that pass through the Stone Wall are collected in a Tank that stores them until the
209
Mechanism that loads the Machine is ready to retrieve them: i.e.: The Green Balls pass
through the Stone Wall without any change in their speed and land in the Collection Tank at
launch velocity. The Red Balls similarly bounce off the Stone Wall with velocity comparable
to their launch velocity.
Now, lets make this Tennis Ball System more Dynamic. Lets say there are a lot more Green
Balls but still an ocean of Red Balls that out number them. Also, the Tennis Ball Launcher
and its Mechanism works faster and can fire a Steady Steam of Three Green Balls, which it
retrieves from the Collection Tank via a slow moving Transport Chain, with One Red Ball
that it picks up from the Floor, throwing the Quartet at the Stone Wall. Let also say that the
Rate of Firing of the Ball Stream is such that whenever a Red Ball Bounces off the Stone
Wall it recoils back and hits the Green Ball behind it in Line. But the Green Balls are
Ghost Balls so they can pass right through the Red Balls that rebound into them but at the
cost of a reduction in the Green Balls speed: i.e.: it takes Energy for the Green Ghost Balls
to pass through other Balls but not through the Stone Wall. This reduction in the Green Balls
Speed slows down their Rate of Collection in the Tank behind the Stone Wall; nevertheless,
the system has enough Green Balls in the Tank to feed the rapid firing Tennis Ball Machine
without any delay in the rate of firing: i.e.: the Machine has reached Equilibrium and
continues to operate efficiently. This Cycle can run perpetually and constantly for all Time,
as long as Red Balls can be acquired.
INTERPRETATION:
The Automated Tennis Ball Launcher in our analogy is the Warm Reservoir of the storm. Its
regulation of the Rate of Firing of the Balls is the Warm Reservoirs Cork like mechanical
heavier that slows the Cold Reservoirs descending air:
and can no longer be viewed as a Fluid Element. [In reality we know that the cold
descending Eye air becomes the warm air due to Adiabatic Heating, but for the purposes of
calculating the exiting winds velocity, we shall at the moment treat the warm reservoir as a
Mechanical Apparatus similar to a Valve or Restrictor Plate that limits the flow of the Eye
air.]
The Mechanism is the Ratio of the cold and warm air densities that dictates how much
Ocean Water Vapor the exiting Eye air can Carry in order to preserve Continuity of Flow:
the cold and outside air densities and the Reflection Flux Probability is comparable to the
Ration of the Frozen Water Vapor Mass Flow Rate to the Exiting air Mass Flow Rate:
The Green Balls are air Molecules of the Closed Circuit Loop. When the Tennis Ball
Machine launches them it represents the Exiting air from the base of the Eye. When they pas
through the Stone Wall, this represents the Entering air at the top of the Eye:
210
leaves the other regions and therefore the volume moved at any given instance throughout
the different regions of the loop are equal and
Flux Cold Outside
V V V = =
The Red Balls are Frozen Water Vapor Crystals. The Mechanism picking them up is the
Low Pressure exerted by the Exiting Eye air on the Ocean surface causing Extreme
Evaporation (META-ANALYSIS I). This evaporation results in the occupation of the
Density discrepancy between the cold and outside air densities being filled by the water
vapor: The Bouncing of the Red Balls off the Stone Wall represents this Water Vapor
occupied Volume being Compressed Wave / Thrust Dehydrated out of the Exiting Eye air
stream at the top Shield:
DEFINITION: Compressive Wave / Thrust Dehydration is the use of Acoustic Shockwaves
to forcibly separate solid particles (The Ice Crystals of Frozen Water Vapor) from the Fluid
they are suspended in and is the Filtration Mechanism used by Hurricanes / Cyclones to
screen the Entering Flow of the Eye.
Rate of Firing is the Mass Flow Rate. The Closed Circuit Loop of the storms winds ONLY
Cycle through when the Mass Flow Rates for the exiting and entering Fluxes are Equal. This
means that is the Missing Element of the Fourth Green Ball expresses the Discrepancy
between their Flow Rates (a Factor determined by the Densities of the Cold and Outside
Reservoirs) dictates Flow. If this Discrepancy is not Rectified (The Allocation of the Red
Ball) the storms winds cease.
LEX XX / CAVEAT 18: The Closed Circuit Lop of ALL Hurricanes / Cyclones Shutdowns
whenever the Discrepancy between the exiting and entering Mass Flow Rates is not satisfied.
The Ration of the Outside Reservoir Density to the Cold Reservoir Density determines the
amount of Ocean Water Vapor that must be Picked-Up by the exiting Eye air to satisfy the
Continuity of the Closed Circuit Loop. This Quantity of Ocean Water Vapor is the Ratio of
the Frozen Water Vapor Mass Flow Rate to the exiting air Mass Flow Rate:

Continuity
Flux
B
Flux
Cold
Mass
Water
Mass
Mass
R R
R
R
R ~ =
+
[Proportio II]
The Stone Wall is our top Shield. The Bouncing of the Red Balls off the Stone Wall and
their subsequent collision with the Green Balls cause the Signal / Interference pattern that
creates the Characteristic Logarithmic Spiral of the Storms Exhaust Canopy is the result of
the Frozen Water Vapors Reaction to the Warm Reservoirs maintenance of the High
Pressure environment of the Eye we Mathematically Modeled as a Force Field:
pattern is the result of the Impulse and Deflection streams Interference pattern represented
in two dimensional spaces as a Surface Wave deforming the Troposphere / Tropopause
The Collection Tank and the slow moving Transportation Chain are the cold reservoir and
its slow Rate of Voidance. The Entering air that Transcends / Tunnels through the top Shield
211
is collected in the Cold Reservoir and via the rate of Voidance, slowly descends pass the
Thermal Threshold into the warm reservoir and back out at the base of the Eye:
The Rebounding nature of the Red Balls exhibits the Classical aspects of our Model because
the Red Balls behave as we would expect to observe them to, by Physically interacting with
the Stone Wall they are being thrown at.
The Ghost like nature of the Green Balls exhibits the aspects of our Quantum Model
because the Red Balls have the strange ability to pass through solid objects relatively
unaffected by them.
CRUX: The Unity of our Classical and Quantum Models is the fact that the two Balls
interact with each other independent of how they interact with their environment and that is
interaction is Physically Observable and therefore can be Mathematically Modeled. We shall
call this type of interaction The Phantom Interference Effect.
THE PHANTOM INTERFERENCE EFFECT
The Green Quantum Balls only interact with the Red Classical Balls, mimicking Interference,
and then must Quantum Tunnel through, not the Stone Wall, because the Stone Wall is
immaterial to them, but rather through the Red Balls, who signify the Existence of the Stone
Wall.
The Green Balls dont know the Stone Wall is there, but the Red balls do, so the Red Balls
act a Signifiers of the Stone Walls Existence to the Green Balls in much the same way as
the Frozen Water Vapor act as indicators of the High pressure region of the storms Eye: The
Stadium Effect is the Real World Observation of this Reaction. The Green Balls must
overcome the Interaction with the Red Balls via Quantum Tunneling, an effort that cost the
Green balls Kinetic Energy / Momentum. Because the Green Balls are not influenced by the
Stone Wall (top Shield / High Pressure of the Eye) but they are influenced by other Balls.
[NOTE: Both the Green and Red Balls represent Particles which can also be expressed as
Waves.]
This is the secret to our Model, the top Shield can only be Mathematically Modeled because
of the Phantom Effect it has on the Frozen Water Vapor (Deflector Stream) carried by the
Closed Circuit Loop of the storms winds: Its as if the Frozen Water Vapor is Afraid of
Something Invisible, turns and runs away from it, colliding with the Exiting air (Impulse
Stream) behind it, causing the Exiting to behave odd. It is this Odd Behavior that is the
Effect of Interference between the Impulse and Deflector Wave that we used to plot the
Logarithmic Spiral pattern of the storm AND it was this Effect of Interference that we used to
calculate the Flux Probabilities of the Transmission (Warp) Stream; The Classical and the
Quantum Models of our System.
212
THE PHANTOM INTERFERENCE EFFECT: The Interaction between two Entities
where one of the Entities perceives an Effect but the other Entity does not perceive the effect
but has Information about the Effect imparted to it by the other Entitys behavior (because
the two Entities CAN Affect each other), is the Phantom Interference Effect. This Interaction
between the two Entities can then be used to Mathematically Model the unperceived
Causality.
In the application of the Analogy, its Interpretation and the Codifying of the Phantom
Interference Effect we have not only united the Classical and Quantum Models for the storm
but also have fulfilled our promise of a Phenomenal Pay-off behind our Logic because
legislating this Classical / Quantum Unity describes the Conveyor-Belt mechanism of the
Closed Circuit Loop we stated for ALL Hurricanes / Cyclones:
And also allows us to Physically Prove the AXIOM we stated at the beginning of this paper:
AXIOM: The Volume of air inside the Eye of the Hurricane NEVER leaves the Eye Wall; The
outside warm moist air that exits the Eyes base wraps around the Eye of the storm and is
the Top.
[Objectivo Completo]
[NOTE: We have United into One Continuous Model the Internal and External Models of
the Closed Circuit Loop of the Previous Section of this paper.]
WAIT!!!! Were still not done! There is one more aspect of the storm that we have not
considered, the Warm Reservoir. Namely why were we able to so exactly Physically and
Mathematically Model the Storm without it? Lets find out.
THE WARM RESERVOIR
In our Model of Super / Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin we considered the low third of
the storms Eye as a Mechanical / Non-Fluid Element. How was that possible? How did we
calculate so much about the Storm while omitting a very important part of it? In fact all the
Calculations, all the Variables, all the Understanding that we have learned here we achieved
through the careful and precise Physical and Mathematical application of only Three
Explicitly Known Variable:
213
VARIBLE I: The Density of the cold air:
3
5508 . 1
m
kg
Cold
=
(at
C
55
or
K 15 . 218
or,
F
67
)
[13]
VARIABLE II: The Density of the outside air:
3
1644 . 1
m
kg
Outside
=
(
C
30 +
or
K 15 . 303

or,
F
86
)
[13]
VARIABLE III: The Radius of the Phailins Eye: 8 km or 8,000 m
[7]
And amazingly ALL our answers agree with the Observed Measurements of the storm but
now lets add to our knowledge of Phailin by calculating the Temperature / Density of the
Warm Reservoirs air.
HEAT EXCHANGE AND FLUX DYNAMICS
As stated earlier the Warm Reservoir is heated by the Adiabatic Cooling of Warm Ocean
Water Vapor that is lifted up into the cold regions of the Atmosphere by the upward jet of the
Eye Wall / exiting Eye air: i.e.: transcending the Thermal Threshold, and thus cooling. The
cooling exchanges the Total Thermal Energy of the Warm Ocean Vapor to its environment.
This heat radiated outward in all directions so only half of the Total Energy content of the
Water Vapor is absorbed by the lower third of the Eye, for the creation of the Warm
Reservoir. This Thermal Energy is absorbed by the air molecules and causes their Thermal
Expansion or Change in Density. This Change in Density is the Hydraulic / Hydrostatic
Equilibrium of the Constant-Volume Thermometer behavior that regulates the storms wind
speeds.
To calculate this Change in Density we must preserve CAVEAT III which states that the
Warm Reservoir in our Model CAN NOT be a FLUID, therefore we shall us a Relative
Density Model that preserves our aforementioned dictate.
RELATIVE DENSITY MODEL
The Warm Reservoir is the Heat of all Hurricanes / Cyclones, it is the Regulator of its
exiting and entering winds, yet we are the first to even mention it exists!!!!!!! Thats because
it is Invisible, having the Power to Effect objects separated from its locality. The Warm
Reservoir, to combine our Classical and Quantum Models in Metaphor, is the Cheshire Cat
^
that we have found alive inside Schrdingers Paradox Box: Not quit Real, not Quit
Imaginary but an Amalgamated Calico of both. To Mathematically Model Something that we
cant treat as a Physical Substance (Fluid) we must relegate ourselves to a Relative
^
The Cheshire Cat is a fictional cat popularized by Lewis Carroll, the Penname of Charles
Lutwidge Dodgson (1832 1898) the English Writer, Mathematician, Logician, Anglican
Deacon and Photographer. The Cheshire Cat In Carrolls Book Alice's Adventures in
Wonderland, known for its distinctive Mischievous Grin and Perplexing Riddles, has the
ability to appear and disappear quixotically, affording it the almost Ghost like quality. Indeed
the Cats Effects are seen but not the Cat itself.
[93][94]
214
understanding of its Nature. We shall therefore describe the Density fo the Warm Reservoir
as:
LEX XXI / CAVEAT 19: Since the Warm Reservoir MUST be Less Dense that the Outside
Reservoir (CAVEAT 6), and the Outside Reservoir has a Specific Ratio of Density to that of
the Cold Reservoir (CAVEAT 7), the Product of the ONE PERCENT MINUS of the Ratio
of the Outside / Cold Reservoir Density and the Density of the Cold Reservoir determines the
MAXIMUM Density of the Warm Reservoir: The Density Necessary to satisfy our Model.
( )
Cold
Cold
Outside
Warm

|
|
.
|
\
|
= 01 . 0
[Cattus Ex Machina]
The ONE PERCENT MINUS insures that the Warm Reservoirs Density is Less Than that
of the Outside / Cold Reservoir Density Ratio.
Where,
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
3
3
3
5508 . 1 01 . 0
5508 . 1
1644 . 1
m
kg
m
kg
m
kg
Warm
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
3
3
3
5508 . 1 01 . 0 750838277 . 0
m
kg
m
kg
m
kg
Warm
ess Dimensionl
kg m
kgm
m
kg
m
kg
= = =
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
1
3
3
3
3
Then,
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
3
3
3
5508 . 1 01 . 0 750838277 . 0
m
kg
m
kg
m
kg
Warm
( )
|
.
|
\
|
=
3
5508 . 1 01 . 0 750838277 . 0
m
kg
Warm
( )
|
.
|
\
|
=
3
5508 . 1 740838277 . 0
m
kg
Warm
215
3
148892 . 1
m
kg
Warm
=
Density
m
kg
=
3
Then,
3
148892 . 1
m
kg
Warm
=
Or,
3
1489 . 1
m
kg
Warm
~
[Densum Minimum][Quod Erat Faciendum]
1.1489 kilo-grams per cubic meter!!!!! This Density corresponds to a Temperature of about
C
32 +
or
K 52 . 305
or
F
27 . 90
!!!!!!!
[13]
Though this is the Minimum Density the Warm
Reservoir of Phailin can have and it is keeping with the United States National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administrations (NOAA) finding of the Ground Level Temperature inside the
Eye of a Hurricane (Hurricane Erin of the 2001 Atlantic Hurricane Season) being warmer
than the outside air around the storm!!!!!!
[13][95]
Now this is NOT the Actual Density of the Warm Reservoir, its just a Ball Park Figure
that agrees with the MINIMUM requirements of our Model and allows us to do something
truly amazing; Turn-Off the Storm.
SHUTDOWN MECHANISM
The Key to Shutting-Off a Hurricane / Cyclone is Temperature. If the Temperature of the
Warm Reservoir lowers (i.e.: Cools), it is due to either a Reduction in the Amount of Ocean
Water Vapor that the storm Picks-Up or the lowering in temperature is due to a Reduction
in the Ocean Water Vapors Temperature (i.e.: the storm passes over a Cooler Than Average
Region of the Ocean) The Warm Reservoirs Dynamics Shifts in a new way:
SHIFT: Landfall Weakening: This is a Phenomenon that happens when Hurricanes /
Cyclones beach the shores of Continent or Large islands. The Storms wind speed steadily
decrease the long it stays on land, separated from its fuel source of Warm ocean Waters.

The Mechanisms for this SHIFT is the Effects of Counterbalancing of Forces / Pressure
(Hydrostatic Equilibrium) between the Outside and Cold Reservoir that are Dictated by the
Thermodynamics of the Warm Reservoir (or Regulator of the Closed Circuit Loop). See, any
change in the Temperature / Density of the Warm Reservoir translates to a change in the
Gauge Pressure that it exerts on the Cold Reservoir (REMEMBER: The Warm Reservoir is
also Corked up into the Cold Reservoir by the Buoyancy Force exerted on it by the Outside
216
Reservoir.) Now, as long as the Temperature / Density of the Warm Reservoir remains ONE
PERCENT below the Ratio of the Densities of the Outside / Cold Reservoirs, the Closed
Circuit Loop of the storms winds remain animated (though tremendously weaker near this
Threshold). In fact,
LEX XXII / CAVEAT 20: The Counterbalancing of the Forces / Pressure (Hydrostatic
Equilibrium) is fully achieved whenever the Temperature / Density of the Warm Reservoir
EQUALS that of the Outside Reservoirs Temperature / Density then the Outside Reservoir
no longer merely Annexes the Warm Reservoir in opposition to the Cold Reservoirs
Gravitational Force but now Assimilates the Warm Reservoir, making it a Volumetric
Expansion of the Outside Reservoirs Total Volume and thus increases its Buoyancy Force
against the Cold Reservoir. The Shutdown Density can be determined using Outsides / Cold
Reservoir Density Ratio:
( )
Cold
Cold
Outside Shutdown
Warm

|
|
.
|
\
|
=
[Finem Tempestas Est]
Here,
( )
Cold
Cold
Outside Shutdown
Warm

|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
3
3
3
5508 . 1
5508 . 1
1644 . 1
m
kg
m
kg
m
kg
Shutdown
Warm
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
3
3
3
5508 . 1 750838277 . 0
m
kg
m
kg
m
kg
Shutdown
Warm
ess Dimensionl
kg m
kgm
m
kg
m
kg
= = =
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
1
3
3
3
3
Then,
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
3
3
3
5508 . 1 750838277 . 0
m
kg
m
kg
m
kg
Shutdown
Warm
217
( )
|
.
|
\
|
=
3
5508 . 1 750838277 . 0
m
kg
Shutdown
Warm
3
1644 . 1
m
kg
Shutdown
Warm
=
Density
m
kg
=
3
Then,
3
1644 . 1
m
kg
Shutdown
Warm
=
Or,
Outside
Shutdown
Warm
m
kg
= =
3
1644 . 1
[Est Finem][Quod Erat Faciendum]
Physically / Mathematically the Mechanism of this SHIFT works like this:
Cold
Gravity
Outside
Buoyancy
F F =
[Vis De Pondus Quod Contra Gravitas][quum XIII]
Cold
Gravity
F B =
( ) g V g V V
Cold Cold Warm Warm Outside Outside
= +
Where,
Outside

3
1644 . 1
m
kg
Outside
=
(
C
30 +
or
K 15 . 303
)
[13]
Outside
V
3
671,000 1,372,247, m V
Cold
=
Cold

3
5508 . 1
m
kg
Cold
=
(at
C
55
or
K 15 . 218
)
[13]
Cold
V
3
671,000 1,372,247, m V
Cold
=
Warm
is the Density of the Warm Reservoir which during Landfall Shutdown ultimately
increases (due to gradual Cooling) to a Density EQUAL to that of the Warm Reservoir:
3
1644 . 1
m
kg
Outside Warm
= =
(
C
30 +
or
K 15 . 303
)
[13]

g
2
81 . 9
s
m
g =
And,
Warm
V
is the Volume of the Warm Reservoir given as the Volume of a Cylinder;
218
h r V V
Warm Cylinder
2
t = =
Where;
r
is the Radius of the Eyes base, 8 km or 8,000 m
[7]
h
is the Height of the Warm Reservoir, 3.175 km or 3,175 m
Thus,
h r V V
Warm Cylinder
2
t = =
( ) ( ) m m h r V
Warm
175 , 3 000 , 8
2 2
t t = =
3
7,200 638,371,62 m V
Warm
=
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) Volume m m m m m m m m = = = = =
3 3 2 2 2
Then,
3
7,200 638,371,62 m V
Warm
=
3 11
10 200 6.38371627 m V
Warm
=
Or,
3
4 . 638 Gm V
Warm
=
638.4 Giga-Cubic Meters! Thats on the order of the volume of Lake Ladoga the Larges Lake
in Europe!!!!!!!
[96][97]

Setting our Equation of the Conditions of Landfall Shutdown we get:
Cold
Gravity
Outside
Buoyancy
F F =
[Vis De Pondus Quod Contra Gravitas][quum XIII]
Cold
Gravity
F B =
( ) g V g V V
Cold Cold Warm Warm Outside Outside
= +
( ) g V g V V
Cold Cold Warm Outside Outside Outside
= +
( ) g V g V V
Cold Cold Warm Outside Outside
= +
[Extrarium Est Victor]
Plugging in our Variables for the Left Side of the Equation determines:
( ) g V g V V
Cold Cold Warm Outside Outside
= +
[Extrarium Est Victor]
219
( ) g V
s
m
m m
m
kg
Cold Cold
= +
2
3 3
3
81 . 9 7,200 638,371,62 671,000 1,372,247, 1644 . 1
( ) g V
s
m
m
m
kg
Cold Cold
=
2
3
3
81 . 9 000 , 298 , 619 , 010 , 2 1644 . 1
( ) g V
s
m
m
m
kg
Cold Cold
=
2
3
3
000 , 740 , 829 , 966 , 22
( ) Newton
s
kgm
s
kgm
s
m kg
s
m
m
kgm
s
m m
m
kg
s
m
m
m
kg
= =
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2 2 2 2 3
3
2
3
3 2
3
3
1 1
Then,
( ) g V
s
m
m
m
kg
Cold Cold
=
2
3
3
000 , 740 , 829 , 966 , 22
g V
s
kgm
Cold Cold
=
2
000 , 740 , 829 , 966 , 22
g V N
Cold Cold
= 000 , 740 , 829 , 966 , 22
g V N
Cold Cold
=
13
10 296682974 . 2

Or
g V TN
Cold Cold
~ 97 . 22
22.97 Tera-Newton!!!!! Thats on the Order of 1,000,000 times the Thrust of Saturn V rocket
at Lift-Off!!!!!!!!!!!!
[24]
Now if this Buoyancy Force of the Assimilated Warm / Outside
Reservoir is of Equal Order of Magnitude to the Gravitational Fore of the Cold Reservoir it
would then have enough Energy to stop the Cold air inside the Eye from descending and thus
Turn-Off the Closed Circuit Loop of the storm. Lets calculate the Right Side of the
Equation:
g V N
Cold Cold
=
13
10 296682974 . 2
[Tempestas Finem]
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
3
3
13
81 . 9 671,000 1,372,247, 5508 . 1 10 296682974 . 2
s
m
m
m
kg
N
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
3
3
13
000 , 360 , 481 , 876 , 20 10 296682974 . 2
s
m
m
m
kg
N
( ) Newton
s
kgm
s
kgm
s
m kg
s
m
m
kgm
s
m m
m
kg
s
m
m
m
kg
= =
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2 2 2 2 3
3
2
3
3 2
3
3
1 1
220
Then,
( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
3
3
13
000 , 360 , 481 , 876 , 20 10 296682974 . 2
s
m
m
m
kg
N
2
13
000 , 360 , 481 , 876 , 20 10 296682974 . 2
s
kgm
N =
N N 000 , 360 , 481 , 876 , 20 10 296682974 . 2
13
=
N N
13 13
10 087648136 . 2 10 296682974 . 2 =
Or,
TN TN 88 . 20 97 . 22 ~
20.88 Tera-Newton!!!!!! Again thats on the Order of 1,000,000 times the Thrust of Saturn V
Rocket at Lift-Off!!!!!!!!!!!!
[24]
The Warm / Outside Reservoir actually has MORE THAN
ENOUGH Force to stop the cold air in the Cold Reservoir from descending thus Turning-
Off the storm!!!!!!!!!
GRATIAS IESUS CHRISTUS
CURRICULUM VIT
Perry Lee Gordon (1982-Present) the American Physicist,
Composer and Artist was born and raised in New Orleans,
Louisiana to a French Creole Catholic family of Collegiates
and Artisans. Gordon began drawing at age 4. At age ten
(1992) Gordon participated in the Xavier University
MathStar High School Scholar Program and the New
Orleans Center for Creative Arts (NOCCA). Ever the Honor
Student in Elementary, Middle and High School, Gordon
excelled in Science, Mathematics, Art, Etymology, Theology
and Music. Gordon graduated Valedictorian from Bishop
McManus Academy in 2002 and planned on becoming a
Monk of the Order of Saint Benedict but after the death of
his Grandfather, Hollis Hawk Gordon, Sr. (1919-1998)
he decided to embark on a College Education and enrolled in
the University of New Orleans Physics Program in 2003.
As an Undergraduate, Gordon studied Astrophysics, and become the UNO Physics
Department Astronomy Test Proctor and Tutor, joined the Society of Physics Students,
participated in the Louis Stokes Louisiana Alliance for Minority Participation (LS-LAMP) in
Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology (SMET) Program, UNO Honor Society
and Physics Club. After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Gordon evacuated and relocated to
Dallas, Texas and transferred to the University of Texas at Dallas, where he was awarded the
Texas Space Grant Consortiums Columbia Crew Memorial Undergraduate Scholarship
2006-2007, Volunteered as UTD Physics and Math Tutor, joined the UTD Math Club and
221
self-taught himself Acoustic Guitar. Gordon received his Bachelors Degree in Physics from
the UTD in 2009.
Since Graduation, Gordon has Independently Researched the Physics that govern the
Phenomenology of Catastrophes of Hurricane (Super Cyclonic Storm / Category 5 Hurricane
Phailin of 2013), Tornadoes (The F5 Moore, Oklahoma Tornado of 2013), Industrial
Accident / Explosions (The West Texas Fertilizer Plant Explosion of 2013 and The British
Petroleum Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill of 2010), etc. and Self-Published his findings in an
effort to not only share Physical Understanding of the Forces of Nature but also to prevent
and rectify the Aftermath of Natural / Man-Made Disasters.
Gordons Work titled The Storm done in 2006 is a portrait of Mother and Child in the
Surrealism style of French Masters and tells the story of Hurricane Katrina Evacuees
featured in a Times Picayune News photo. The 6x6 inch Pencil portrait fills the Central
Square of a Hurricane Flag and is encrypted with the artists own personal experience of
Katrina evacuation via Mystic Gothic Steganography.
In 2013 Gordon founded Pelego Records and composed his first song All Things
Remembered an Instrumental Guitar Album in honor of the family pet cat Sonya Jean
Gordon (1991-2011).
Gordon continues to learn and explore the universe through both Science and the Arts.
MISCELLANEOUS CALCULATIONS I: FLUX VOLUME
Calculation of CAVEAT 5s Flux Volume of the Closed Circuit Loop of Super / Very
Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin to show that it is a Constant of the Storm System:
LEX XXIII / CAVEAT 21: The Flux Volume through the top and bottom Shields is given
by the Ratio of their Mass Flow Rates to the Density of their Respective Reservoir:
Cold
Cold
Mass Bottom
Flux
R
V
=
[Proportio III]
And,
Outside
Outside
Mass Top
Flux
R
V
=
[Proportio IV]
Where for the bottom Shield,
Cold
Mass
R
is the Mass Flow Rate of the exiting Eye air:
s
kg
R R
Cold
Mass
pluse
Mass
9 . 010 , 899 , 343
Im
= =
222
And,
Cold

3
5508 . 1
m
kg
Cold
=
(at
C
55
or
K 15 . 218
)
[13]
Then,
Cold
Cold
Mass Bottom
Flux
R
V
=
3
5508 . 1
9 . 010 , 899 , 343
m
kg
s
kg
V
Bottom
Flux
=
3
875 , 755 , 221
m
kg
s
kg
V
Bottom
Flux
=
Second per Volume
s
m
skg
kgm
m
kg
s
kg
= = =
3 3
3
Then,
3
875 , 755 , 221
m
kg
s
kg
V
Bottom
Flux
=
s
m
V
Bottom
Flux
3
875 , 755 , 221 =
s
m
V
Bottom
Flux
3
8
10 21755875 . 2 =
Or,
s
m
M V
Bottom
Flux
3
18 . 22 ~
22.18 Mega-cubic meters per second!!!!!!! Thats the Volume of Lake of Gruyre in
Switzerland moved per second!!!!!!!
[98]
And for the top Shield:
223
Outside
Outside
Mass Top
Flux
R
V
=
Where,
Outside
Mass
R
is the Mass Flow Rate of the exiting Eye air:
s
kg
R R
Outside
Mass
Outside
Mass
5 . 285 , 936 , 253 = =
And,
Outside

3
1644 . 1
m
kg
Outside
=
(
C
30 +
or
K 15 . 303
)
[13]

Then,
Outside
Outside
Mass Top
Flux
R
V
=
3
1644 . 1
5 . 285 , 936 , 253
m
kg
s
kg
V
Top
Flux
=
3
1 . 378 , 083 , 218
m
kg
s
kg
V
Top
Flux
=
Second per Volume
s
m
skg
kgm
m
kg
s
kg
= = =
3 3
3
Then,
3
1 . 378 , 083 , 218
m
kg
s
kg
V
Top
Flux
=
s
m
V
Top
Flux
3
1 . 378 , 083 , 218 =
s
m
V
Top
Flux
3
8
10 180833781 . 2 =
224
Or,
s
m
M V
Top
Flux
3
81 . 21 ~
21.81 Mega-cubic meters per second!!!!!!!! Again, thats the Volume of Lake of Gruyre in
Switzerland moved per second!!!!!!!
[98]
DEGREE OF ACCURACY:
% 98 983439009 . 0
10 21755875 . 2
10 180833781 . 2
3
8
3
8
~ =
=
s
m
s
m
V
V
Bottom
Flux
Top
Flux
[Pro Conside]
98% accuracy between the top and bottom Shields Flux Volumes!! This proves that the Flux
Volumes are Equal and thus the Equation of Continuity is not only satisfied but in fact:
LEX XXIV / CAVEAT 22: The Flux Volumes through the top and bottom Shields of a
Hurricane / Cyclone are Equal: i.e.: the Closed Circuit Loop Flux Volume is Constant:
C V V
Bottom
Flux
Top
Flux
= =
MISCELLANEOUS CALCULATIONS II: NUMBER OF ATOMS IN THE COLD
RESERVOIR
Calculation using the Ideal Gas Law to find the Number of Particles (Gas Molecules) inside
the Cold Reservoir:
Cold Boltzmann Molecules Cold Cold
T k N V P =
[Frigidarium]
Where,
Cold
P
is the Absolute Pressure of the Cold Reservoir (Frigidarium):
( ) Pa P P
Cold
A
Cold
3
10 6622002 . 207 = =
Cold
V
3
671,000 1,372,247, m V
Cold
=
Cold
T
is the Temperature of the Cold Reservoir:
C
55
or
K 15 . 218 [13]
Boltzmann
k
is the Boltzmann
^
Constant:
K
J
k
Boltzmann
23
10 38 . 1

=
[12]
^
Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (1844 1906) the Austrian Physicist and Philosopher whose
225
And,
Molecules
N
is the Number of Molecules (a Dimensionless Quantity)
Solving for
Molecules
N
gives:
Cold Boltzmann Molecules Cold Cold
T k N V P =
Cold Boltzmann
Cold Cold
Molecules
T k
V P
N =
[Particuli Frigidarium]
Plugging in our Variables finds:
Cold Boltzmann
Cold Cold
Molecules
T k
V P
N =
( )( )
( ) K
K
J
m Pa
N
Molecules
15 . 218 10 38 . 1
671,000 1,372,247, 10 6622002 . 207
23
3 3
|
.
|
\
|

( )( )
( ) K
K
J
m Pa
N
Molecules
|
.
|
\
|
=
3
37

10 465763505 . 9
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
2 3

s kgm
s kgm
s kgm
s kgm
s
kgm
s
kgm
K s
K kgm
ms
kgm
K
s
K kgm
ms
kgm
K
K
s
kgm
m
ms
kg
K
K
J
m Pa
ess Dimensionl
s kgm
s kgm
= =1
2 2
2 2
Then,
greatest achievement was in the development of Statistical Mechanics, which explains and
predicts how the properties of Atoms (such as Mass, Charge, and Structure) determine the
Physical Properties of Matter (such as Viscosity, Thermal Conductivity, and Diffusion).
Boltzmann's most important scientific contributions were in Kinetic Theory, including the
MaxwellBoltzmann distribution for molecular speeds in a gas, that Boltzmann shares with
Scottish Mathematical Physicist James Clerk Maxwell (1831 1879). In fact, Boltzmanns
Kinetic Theory of Gases is the famous formula for entropy: S=klnW, where k is the
Boltzmann Constant name in after him.
[99][100]
226
( )( )
( ) K
K
J
m Pa
N
Molecules
|
.
|
\
|
=
3
37

10 465763505 . 9
37
10 465763505 . 9 =
Molecules
N
Or,
n Undecillio N
Molecules
36
10 7 . 94 ~
94.7 Undecillion (Short Scale Number System)!!!!!!!!!
[101]
Thats the Number of Molecules
inside the Cold Reservoir!!!!!!!!
MISCELLANEOUS CALCULATIONS III: NUMBER OF ATOMS IN THE OUTSIDE
RESERVOIR
Calculation using the Ideal Gas Law to find the Number of Particles (Gas Molecules) inside
the Outside Reservoir:
Outside Boltzmann Molecules Outside Outside
T k N V P =
[Extrarium]
Where,
Outside
P
is the Absolute Pressure of the Outside Reservoir:
( ) Pa P
Outside
A 3
10 9207286 . 155 =
Outside
V
3
671,000 1,372,247, m V
Cold
=
Outside
T
is the Temperature of the Outside Reservoir:
C
30 +
or
K 15 . 303 [13]
Boltzmann
k
is the Boltzmann Constant:
K
J
k
Boltzmann
23
10 38 . 1

=
[12]
And,
Molecules
N
is the Number of Molecules (a Dimensionless Quantity)
Solving for
Molecules
N
gives:
Outside Boltzmann Molecules Outside Outside
T k N V P =
Outside Boltzmann
Outside Outside
Molecules
T k
V P
N =
[Particuli Extrarium]
Plugging in our Variables finds:
Outside Boltzmann
Outside Outside
Molecules
T k
V P
N =
227
( )( )
( ) K
K
J
m Pa
N
Molecules
15 . 303 10 38 . 1
671,000 1,372,247, 10 9207286 . 155
23
3 3
|
.
|
\
|

( )( )
( ) K
K
J
m Pa
N
Molecules
|
.
|
\
|
=
3
37

10 11445897 . 5
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
2 3

s kgm
s kgm
s kgm
s kgm
s
kgm
s
kgm
K s
K kgm
ms
kgm
K
s
K kgm
ms
kgm
K
K
s
kgm
m
ms
kg
K
K
J
m Pa
ess Dimensionl
s kgm
s kgm
= =1
2 2
2 2
Then,
( )( )
( ) K
K
J
m Pa
N
Molecules
|
.
|
\
|
=
3
37

10 11445897 . 5
37
10 11445897 . 5 =
Molecules
N
Or,
n Undecillio N
Molecules
36
10 1 . 51 ~
51.1 Undecillion (Short Scale Number System)!!!!!!!
[101]
Thats the Number of Molecules
inside the Outside Reservoir!!!!!!!!!
BONUS I: INCIDENT (IMPULSE) WAVE ENERGY AND SPATIAL FREQUENCY
Calculation of the Matter Wave Energy of our Quantum Model Particle using the Relation
we proved with the Correspondence Principle:
2
2
h
E m
r i
Particle I
~ = I B
[Pater Parens]
228
2
2
h
E m
r
Particle I
~
Where,
I
m
is the Mass of the Incident (Impulse) Particle given by the Mass Flow Rate of the
bottom Shield:
kg R R
Cold
Mass
pluse
Mass
9 . 010 , 899 , 343
Im
= =
h
is The Plancks Constant:
Js h
-34
10 6(47) 1.05457172 =
[91]
And,
Particle
E
is the Kinetic Energy of the Particle given by the bottom Shield Equation:
( )
2
Im
2
1
Exit Flux Cold pulse
v V E =
[Nova quatione V]
Where,
2
Exit
v
s
m
v
Exit
59766167 . 66 =
Cold

3
5508 . 1
m
kg
Cold
=
at
C
55
or
K 15 . 218
)
[13]
And,
Flux
V
is
the bottom Shield Flux Volume:
3 8
10 21755875 . 2 m V
Bottom
Flux
=
Plugging in our Variables gives:
( )
2
Im
2
1
Exit Flux Cold pulse
v V E =
( )
2
3 8
3
Im
59766167 . 66 10 21755875 . 2 5508 . 1
2
1
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
m
kg
E
pulse
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
3 8
3
Im
24854 . 435 , 4 10 21755875 . 2 5508 . 1
2
1
s
m
m
m
kg
E
pulse
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
3
3
11
Im
10 626387931 . 7
s
m
m
m
kg
E
pulse
( ) Joules
s
kgm
s
kgm
s
m kg
s
m
m
kgm
s
m
m
m
kg
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
1
Then,
229
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
3
3
11
Im
10 626387931 . 7
s
m
m
m
kg
E
pulse
2
2
11
Im
10 626387931 . 7
s
kgm
E
pulse
=
J E
pulse
11
Im
10 626387931 . 7 =
Or,
GJ E
pulse
64 . 762
Im
~
762.64 Giga-Joules!!!!!!! Thats 10 times greater than the Total Energy released in the
Nuclear Fission of one gram of Uranium-235!!!!!!!!!!
[16]
Plugging these Variables into the Root Equation yields:
2
2
h
E m
r
Particle I
~
[Pater Parens]
( )( )
( )
2
34 -
11
10 6(47) 1.05457172
10 626387931 . 7 9 . 010 , 899 , 343 2
Js
J kg
r

~
( )( )
( )
2
34 -
20
10 6(47) 1.05457172
10 245414532 . 5
Js
J kg
r
~
( )( )
( )
2
68 -
20
10 5 1.11212152
10 245414532 . 5
Js
J kg
r
~
( )( )
( )
2
88
10 716583946 . 4
Js
J kg
r ~
( )( )
( )
2
44
10 171769773 . 2
Js
J kg
r ~
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = =
2
4
4 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2
s
s
m kg
s
m kg
s
s
kgm
s
kgm
kg
s J
kgJ
s J
kgJ
Js
J kg
230
= =
(
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
2 2 2 4 2
2 2 2
2
4 2
2
2 2
4
2 4 2
2
2 2
1 1
m m s m kg
s m kg
s
m kg
s
m kg
s
s m kg
s
m kg
Number Wave
m
=
1
Then,
( )( )
( )
2
44
10 171769773 . 2
Js
J kg
r ~
m
r
1
10 171769773 . 2
44
~
Or,
m
r
1
on Tredecilli 2 . 217 ~
217.2 Tredecillion Inverse-Meters (Short Scale Number System)!!!!!!!!

[101]
That
Transcends the Order of the Planck Frequency a Frequency Determined by the Planck Time,
the Time required for Light to travel, in a Vacuum, a distance of 1 Planck Length (
m
35
10 7) 1.616199(9

)!!!!!!
[102][103][104]
This means that the Spatial Frequency of the
Incident (Impulse) wave is so small that it is beyond the Resolution Power of Modern
Physics and thus we CAN NOT Directly measure any Change in the Waves Propagation
(i.e.: there is a Physical Uncertainty in the Particles Nature due to its Astronomical Energy
/ Frequency!!!!!!!!) The Planck Units come from a field of Mathematical Physics known as
Dimensional Analysis, which studies the Units of Measurement and Physical Constants that
define the Limits of our Universe: i.e.: our calculation of the Particles Spatial Frequency is
a Purely Mathematical Physics Endeavor.
[104]
BONUS II: REFLECTION (DEFLECTOR) WAVE ENERGY AND SPATIAL
FREQUENCY
2
2
h
E m
r i
Particle D
~ = I B
[Pater Parens]
2
2
h
E m
r
Particle D
~
231
Where,
D
m
is the Mass of the Reflection (Deflector) Particle given by the Mass Flow Rate of the
Frozen Water Vapor:
kg R
Water
Mass
4 . 725 , 962 , 89 =
h
Js h
-34
10 6(47) 1.05457172 =
[91]
And,
Particle
E
is the Kinetic Energy of the Particle given by the top Shield Equation:
( )
2 2
2
1
v v V E =
[Nova quatione I]
Where,
2
Exit
v
s
m
v
Exit
59766167 . 66 =
Cold

3
5508 . 1
m
kg
Cold
=
at
C
55
or
K 15 . 218
)
[13]
2
Descent
v
s
m
v
Cold
Descent
10292324 . 1 =
And,
Flux
V
is the bottom Shield Flux Volume:
3 8
10 21755875 . 2 m V
Bottom
Flux
=
( )
2 2
2
1
v v V E =
( )
(
(
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2 2
3 8
3
10292324 . 1 59766167 . 66 10 21755875 . 2 5508 . 1
2
1
s
m
s
m
m
m
kg
E
Siphon
( )
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
2
2
3 8
3
216439673 . 1 24854 . 435 , 4 10 21755875 . 2 5508 . 1
2
1
s
m
s
m
m
m
kg
E
Siphon
( )
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
3 8
3
0321 . 434 , 4 10 21755875 . 2 5508 . 1
2
1
s
m
m
m
kg
E
Siphon
( )
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
3
3
11
10 624296269 . 7
s
m
m
m
kg
E
Siphon
( ) ( ) =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3 2
2
3
3
1 s
kgm
s
m kg
s
m
m
kgm
s
m
m
m
kg
s
m
m
m
kg
232
Joules
s
kgm
=
2
2
Then,
( )
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
3
3
11
10 624296269 . 7
s
m
m
m
kg
E
Siphon
2
2
11
10 624296269 . 7
s
kgm
E
Siphon
=
J E
Siphon
11
10 624296269 . 7 =
Or,
GJ E
Siphon
43 . 762 ~
762.43 Giga-Joules!!!!!!! Thats 10 times greater than the Total Energy released in the
Nuclear Fission of one gram of Uranium-235!!!!!!!!!!
[16]
2
2
h
E m
r
Particle I
~
[Pater Parens]
( )( )
( )
2
34 -
11
10 6(47) 1.05457172
10 624296269 . 7 4 . 725 , 962 , 89 2
Js
J kg
r

~
( )( )
( )
2
34 -
20
10 6(47) 1.05457172
10 371804943 . 1
Js
J kg
r
~
( )( )
( )
2
68 -
20
10 5 1.11212152
10 245414532 . 5
Js
J kg
r
~
( )( )
( )
2
88
10 233502735 . 1
Js
J kg
r ~
( )( )
( )
2
44
10 110631683 . 1
Js
J kg
r ~
233
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = =
2
4
4 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2
s
s
m kg
s
m kg
s
s
kgm
s
kgm
kg
s J
kgJ
s J
kgJ
Js
J kg
= =
(
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
2 2 2 4 2
2 2 2
2
4 2
2
2 2
4
2 4 2
2
2 2
1 1
m m s m kg
s m kg
s
m kg
s
m kg
s
s m kg
s
m kg
Number Wave
m
=
1
Then,
( )( )
( )
2
44
10 110631683 . 1
Js
J kg
r ~
m
r
1
10 110631683 . 1
44
~
Or,
m
r
1

[101]
That
Transcends the Order of the Planck Frequency a Frequency Determined by the Planck Time,
the Time required for Light to travel, in a Vacuum, a distance of 1 Planck Length (
m
35
10 7) 1.616199(9

)!!!!!!
[102][103][104]
Reflection (Deflector) wave is so small that it is beyond the Resolution Power of Modern
Physics and thus we CAN NOT Directly measure any Change in the Waves Propagation
(i.e.: there is a Physical Uncertainty in the Particles Nature due to its Astronomical Energy
/ Frequency!!!!!!!!) The Planck Units come from a field of Mathematical Physics known as
define the Limits of our Universe: i.e.: our calculation of the Particles Spatial Frequency is
a Purely Mathematical Physics Endeavor.
[104]
BONUS III: TRANSMISSION (WARP) WAVE ENERGY AND SPATIAL
FREQUENCY
234
2
2
h
E m
r i
Particle W
~ = I B
[Pater Parens]
2
2
h
E m
r
Particle W
~
Where,
W
m
is the Mass of the Transmission (Warp) Particle given by the Mass Flow Rate of the
top Shield:
kg R R
Outside
Mass
Outside
Mass
5 . 285 , 936 , 253 = =
h
Js h
-34
10 6(47) 1.05457172 =
[91]
And,
Particle
E
is the Kinetic Energy of the Particle given by the top Shield Equation:
2
2
1
v V E =
[Nova quatione III]
Where,
Cold

3
5508 . 1
m
kg
Cold
=
at
C
55
or
K 15 . 218
)
[13]
2
Descent
v
s
m
v
Cold
Descent
10292324 . 1 =
And,
Flux
V
is the bottom Shield Flux Volume:
3 8
10 21755875 . 2 m V
Bottom
Flux
=
2
2
1
v V E =
( )
2
3 8
3
10292324 . 1 10 21755875 . 2 5508 . 1
2
1
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
m
m
m
kg
E
Warp
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
3 8
3
216439673 . 1 10 21755875 . 2 5508 . 1
2
1
s
m
m
m
kg
E
Warp
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
3
3
2 . 200 , 166 , 209
s
m
m
m
kg
E
Warp
( ) Joules
s
kgm
s
kgm
s
m kg
s
m
m
kgm
s
m
m
m
kg
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
1
235
Then,
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
3
3
2 . 200 , 166 , 209
s
m
m
m
kg
E
Warp
2
2
2 . 200 , 166 , 209
s
kgm
E
Warp
=
J E
Warp
2 . 200 , 166 , 209 =
J E
Warp
8
10 091662002 . 2 =
Or,
MJ E
Warp
2 . 209 ~
Negative 209.2 Mega-Joules!!!!!!! As stated earlier, Negative Energy / Pressure is a
necessary component of Vacuum Systems, described here as the Rate of Voidance of the
Cold Reservoir, and is reminiscent of the Exotic Matter theorized to inhabit the Event
Horizon of Black Holes forming Wormholes and the Virtual Particles of the Casimir Effect:
so make no mistake, we have Mathematically Constructed a Model of a Macroscopic Virtual
Particle that Wormholes / Quantum Tunnels itself through the Force Field / Shield Barrier at
the top of the Eye in order to enter the Cold Reservoir.
[78][81][82]

2
2
h
E m
r
Particle W
~
[Pater Parens]
( )( )
( )
2
34 -
8
10 6(47) 1.05457172
10 091662002 . 2 5 . 285 , 936 , 253 2
Js
J kg
r

~
( )( )
( )
2
34 -
20
10 6(47) 1.05457172
10 062297759 . 1
Js
J kg
r

~
( )( )
( )
2
68 -
20
10 5 1.11212152
10 062297759 . 1
Js
J kg
r

~
( )( )
( )
2
84
10 551993507 . 9
Js
J kg
r ~
( )( )
( )
2
84
10 551993507 . 9
Js
J kg
i r ~
( )( )
( )
2
42
10 090629953 . 3
Js
J kg
i r ~
236
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = =
2
4
4 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2
s
s
m kg
s
m kg
s
s
kgm
s
kgm
kg
s J
kgJ
s J
kgJ
Js
J kg
= =
(
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
2 2 2 4 2
2 2 2
2
4 2
2
2 2
4
2 4 2
2
2 2
1 1
m m s m kg
s m kg
s
m kg
s
m kg
s
s m kg
s
m kg
Number Wave
m
=
1
Then,
( )( )
( )
2
42
10 090629953 . 3
Js
J kg
i r ~
m
i r
1
10 090629953 . 3
42
~
Or,
m
i r
1
i
[101]
Thats Below the
Order of the Planck Frequency a Frequency Determined by the Planck Time, the Time
required for Light to travel, in a Vacuum, a distance of 1 Planck Length (
m
35
10 7) 1.616199(9

)!!!!!!
[102][103][104]
Incident (Impulse ) wave is NOT so small that it is beyond the Resolution Power of Modern
Physics and thus we CAN Directly measure Changes in the Waves Propagation (i.e.: there is
a Physical Determination in the Particles Nature despite its Astronomical Energy /
Frequency!!!!!!!!) The Planck Units come from a field of Mathematical Physics known as
define the Limits of our Universe, and even though our Final Numerical Value is within the
Physically Observable Cosmos it is Nevertheless an Imaginary Number i.e.: our calculation
of the Particles Spatial Frequency is also a Purely Mathematical Endeavor, unless we
recognize our earlier Elimination of the Imaginary Unit via the Reverse Fourier Transform of
Virtual Surface Mathematical Modeling (VSMM). Such a Mathematical maneuver converts
this Purely Mathematical Physics Endeavor into a True Quantum Physics Reality.
[104]
237
APPENDIX A: HURRICANE / CYCLONE AXIOM AND CAVEATS
AXIOM: The Volume of air inside the Eye of the Hurricane NEVER leaves the Eye Wall;
The outside warm moist air that exits the Eyes base wraps around the Eye of the storm and is
the Top.
and can no longer be viewed as a Fluid Element. [In reality we know that the cold descending
Eye air becomes the warm air due to Adiabatic Heating, but for the purposes of calculating
the exiting winds velocity, we shall at the moment treat the warm reservoir as a Mechanical
Apparatus similar to a Valve or Restrictor Plate that limits the flow of the Eye air.]
CAVEAT 2: Because we have agreed that the Warm Reservoir is no longer a Fluid element
in our model the Volume of the outside air, a volume that is determined via the Buoyancy
Force is equal ONLY to the Volume of the Cold, two-thirds, Reservoir of the Eye:
Cold Outside
V V =
CAVEAT 3: These two components of the Outside and Warm Reservoirs configure to apply
Super-Positioned Force in opposition to the Cold Reservoirs airs escape of the Eye at the
base.
leaves the other regions and therefore the volume moved at any given instance throughout the
different regions of the loop are equal and
Flux Cold Outside
V V V = =
CAVEAT 6: As long as the Winds of the storm are in Motion, the Density of the Warm
Reservoir MUST be Less Than that of the Outside Reservoir.
CAVEAT 7: Since the Volumes of the Outside and Cold Reservoirs are Equal (CAVEAT
II), the Mathematical Annexation of the Less Dense Warm Reservoirs Resistance
(CAVEAT III) by the Outside Reservoir to aid in Opposing the Cold Reservoirs Descent is
still no match for the Cold Reservoirs Gravitational Energy. This Insufficiency in the tandem
Outside and Warm Reservoirs Densities to NOT be able to provide sufficient Total Energy to
counteract the Total Energy of the Cold Reservoir is the ONLY reason the Closed Circuit
Looping Winds of the storm Animate: This Imbalance is the Hurry of the Hurricane and
the Cycle of the Cyclone.
238
CAVEAT 8: The Volume of Sea Water that is displaced by a Hurricane / Cyclone equals the
Volume of the Outside Reservoir;
Sea Cold Outside
V V V = =
CAVEAT 10: The Eye Breeze inside of Hurricanes / Cyclones are Pseudo-Winds resulting
from the lateral / forward motion of the overall storm system.
pattern is the result of the Impulse and Deflection streams Interference pattern represented in
two dimensional spaces as a Surface Wave deforming the Troposphere / Tropopause
CAVEAT 12: All Hurricane / Cyclones DO NOT rotate. Their apparent rotation is a Pseudo-
Effect cause by the outflows radial motion being constrained to flow inside the Boundaries
defined by the Spiral as it moves outward from the storms center.
CAVEAT 13: The Spiral pattern of ALL Hurricane / Cyclones defines the Streamlines of the
storms top Shield outflow. The streamlines are therefore the boundary between adjacent
Coils of the stream around the storm. This means that the Spiral pattern remains fixed in
orientation about the Eye of the Storm and this can be observed from Satellite Imaging. But
look very closely and carefully because the Image, despite being Extremely Hypnotic, is
also a Still Image (The Logarithmic Spiral) superimposed onto a Moving Background (The
Clouds).
CAVEAT 14: The Logarithmic Spiral pattern of ALL Hurricanes / Cyclones are Outflow
streams. This means that storms in the Northern Hemisphere are actually coiling Clockwise
and not Counterclockwise as the Frozen Water Vapor moves along the stream lines of the
spiral and similarly storms in the Southern Hemisphere are coiling Counterclockwise and not
Clockwise.
Northern Hemisphere its projected pattern is The Complex Solution to its Differential
Motion.
| | ) sin( ) cos( ) (
* *
t i t A e A t x
L
t i
L
Complex
Super
I + I = =
I
[Phantasma I]
| | ) sin( ) cos( ) (
* *
t i t A e A t x
L
t i
L
Conjugate
Super
I I = =
I
[Phantasma II]
239
Flux
Cold
Outside
Density
T R ~ =
[Proportio I]
B
Flux
Cold
Mass
Water
Mass
Mass
R
R
R
R
+
~ =
[Proportio II]

Continuity
Flux
B
Flux
Cold
Mass
Water
Mass
Mass
R R
R
R
R ~ =
+
[Proportio II]
( )
Cold
Cold
Outside
Warm

|
|
.
|
\
|
= 01 . 0
[Cattus Ex Machina]
240
( )
Cold
Cold
Outside Shutdown
Warm

|
|
.
|
\
|
=
Cold
Cold
Mass Bottom
Flux
R
V
=
[Proportio III]
And,
Outside
Outside
Mass Top
Flux
R
V
=
[Proportio IV]
C V V
Bottom
Flux
Top
Flux
= =
APPENDIX B: THE LAWS OF VIRTUAL SURACES / FORCE FIELDS
LEX I: Virtual Surfaces are the Mathematical representation of the transmitted Dynamics
(Forces, Pressures, Etc.) of Physical Effects (Phenomena) across the domain of the Physical
Effects that generate them and are used as a tool to Model the Real World interaction of
Phenomena immediate to and / or beyond the Phenomenas locality through the Virtual
Surface Properties of Fielding, Projectablity, Morphage and Warpage.
LEX II: No Energy is absorbed by the Virtual Surface of the Force Field. The Force Field
ONLY Siphons (as Deflection Shield) or Imparts (an Impulse Shield) Energy from the Matter
that passes through it; A Shield is a Force Field that is actively Engaged with Matter and
Energy.
LEX III: Force Fields DO NOT interact with Real World Objects but they DO interact with
the Energy Dynamics of their system (The domain of the Physical Effect that generates them)
and that interaction CAN noticeably influence the behavior of Real World Objects governed
by that system.
LEX IV: The Ration between Dynamic Pressure of the Impulse Shield and the Siphon
pressure of the Deflection Shield is called the Shield Ratio and defines the Conservation of
Energy for the System.
241
Dynamic
Siphon
Ratio
P
P
S =
[Hoc Modo]
LEX V: All Force Fields are at the Interface between the distinct regions of the domain in
which the Physical Effect that generates them has influence and function as Energy
Phantoms that connect to and engage environments on behave of their source, the Physical
Effect. (The Ghostly Gatekeepers are Physical Effects having Outer-body Experiences.)
LEX VI: Force Fields ALWAYS manifest in pairs. One is Impulsive, imparting energy to its
Flux and the other Deflective, siphoning that same amount of energy from its Flux. This
maintains that the Total Energy of the System be Conserved because Force Fields DO NOT
store, create OR possess any energy: (Think of them as Flux Capacitors that only have
energy if something is fluxing through them.
LEX VII: Force Fields manifest themselves across locality from their source at the Speed of
Communication of the medium they are Engaged in. (The Speed of Communication is the
maximum velocity the medium can transmit Energy / Information. For Fluids the Speed of
Communication is the Speed of Sound.)
LEX VIII: The Flux that transcends the threshold of the Force Field is called a Warp. The
Warp, Deflector and Impulse Fluxes are all measured in Stamen (St) or Imaginary Newton
and is the product of the Flux Mass Flow Rate and its velocity:
Stamen Newton
s
kgm
s
m
s
kg
v R
Flux
Warp
Mass
= = = |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
Stamen is the Latin word for Warp, the Stream of Destiny loomed by the Fates and the
etymological father of the word Stamina or Staying Power and anything that fluxes
through the Shield has more power (energy) than the Shield since it was not stopped by it.
[35]
LEX IX: Since Force Fields do not possess any energy one method of measuring their
simple Strength (in terms of Force) is via the Natural Log of the Ratio between the Impulse
Flux over the Warp Flux (Later we shall measure a Shields Strength in reference to more
Real World Physical Quantities to solidify its validity as a useful Mathematical tool for the
Physical Sciences). The Equation of Warp Factor:
|
.
|
\
|
=
W
I
W
Factor
ln
[Hoc Modo]
242
Here a Ratio of Unity (
1
1
) means the Impulse Flux equals the Warp Flux and corresponds to a
Shield of Zero Energy (Collapsed) and Ratio of Undefined (
0
1
) means that nothing
penetrates the Shield and that all incident Flux is Deflected off it (Holding).
LEX X: The Phase Shift between the Impulse and Deflection streams of a Shield define the
Shields Frequency and anything penetrating through it has the same angular frequency of the
shield (or some Multiple Wavelength, i.e.: Resonance.) (The Phase Shift defines the
Shibboleth that grants passage through the Shield.)
LEX XI: Though Force Fields DO NOT store any Energy they can be represented as objects
that possess Phantom Vibrational Energy that is expressed as the Shield Frequency (which
we should have expected since the Shield generate waves) This Phantom Vibrational
Energy can be used to qualify the Shields Energy in term of a Sinusoidal wave whos
amplitude is the Siphon pressure of the Shield, Force terms are the Summation of the Impulse
and Deflection streams forces and whos Angular Velocity is the Phase Shift between the
Impulse and Deflection streams formulates the Shield Equation;
( ) | + = ) ( sin
Im
Im
Deflect
Deflect
Mass pulse
pluse
Mass Siphon Shield
v R v R A U
( ) t v R v R A U
Phase Deflect
Deflect
Mass pulse
pluse
Mass Siphon Shield
e A + = ) ( sin
Im
Im
( ) t v R v R A U
Exit Vapor Deflect
Deflect
Mass pulse
pluse
Mass Siphon Shield
) ( ) ( sin
Im
Im
e e + =
( ) t F A U
) ( ) ( sin
,
e A E =
[Nova quatione III]
LEX XII: The Q-Factor of a simple Harmonic Oscillator is a Dimensionless Ratio between
the Energy stored in the Shield over the Energy Dissipated by the Shield and is used to gauge
of the quality of the oscillator to freely oscillate. Though Virtual Surfaces / Force Fields DO
NOT store any Energy in them this idea is still applicable if we use the Energy for the Exiting
Eye air as the Energy Stored term and the Siphon Energy of the Stream Deflected off the
Shield as the Energy Dissipated term.
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
" "
" "
2
Dissipated Energy
Stored Energy
Q
Factor
t
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
Siphon
Exit
Factor
E
E
Q t 2
[Hoc Modo]
( )
( )
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2 2
2
2
1
2
1
2
Exit Flux Cold
Factor
v v V
v V
Q
t
LEX XIII Thus the Phantom Energy of the Shield IS the Siphon Energy expressed by the
equation we stated earlier;
243
( )
2 2
2
1
v v V E =
[Nova quatione I]
To realize this we must make the analogy to the Quantum Phenomenon of the Tunneling
Particles Energy being conserved while only its Amplitude changes (The change in the
Amplitude is the Siphon Pressure of the Deflection Stream as we calculated earlier).
[58]

LEX XIV: The Real World Displacement Wave Function for the Phantom Energy (Signal
/ Interference) waves emanating from a Shield is the Cosine variant of the Shield Equation:
( ) | + = ) ( cos
Im
Im
Deflect
Deflect
Mass pulse
pluse
Mass Siphon Shield
v R v R A U
( ) t v R v R A U
Phase Deflect
Deflect
Mass pulse
pluse
Mass Siphon Shield
e A + = ) ( cos
Im
Im
( ) t v R v R A U
Exit Vapor Deflect
Deflect
Mass pulse
pluse
Mass Siphon Shield
) ( ) ( cos
Im
Im
e e + =
( ) t F A U
) ( ) ( cos
,
e A E =
[Nova quatione IV]
Northern Hemisphere its projected pattern is The Complex Solution to its Differential
Motion.
| | ) sin( ) cos( ) (
* *
t i t A e A t x
L
t i
L
Complex
Super
I + I = =
I
[Phantasma I]
| | ) sin( ) cos( ) (
* *
t i t A e A t x
L
t i
L
Conjugate
Super
I I = =
I
[Phantasma II]
LEX XVII: The Equalization of the External Dynamics of Energy and Pressure allow the
Deflection Stream to emanate from the top Shield. This process, as stated earlier in LEX IV,
removes energy from the Impulse Stream. This Siphoned Impulse stream then transcends the
shield and becomes the Warp Stream whos Energy / Pressure Dynamics now match the
Energy / Pressure Dynamics of the Eyes Interior. Thus the Energy / Pressure of the Warp
Stream is the Mathematical Difference between the Siphon Energy / Pressure of the Shield
and the Energy / Pressure of the Impulse Stream:
Deflect pulse Warp
E E E =
Im
[Qui Est Ultra]
Siphon pulse Warp
E E E =
Im
244
( )
2 2 2
2
1
2
1
Descent Exit Flux Cold Exit Flux Cold Warp
v v V v V E =
( ) | |
2 2 2
2
1
v v v V E =
By the Associative Property of Algebra:
[30]
( ) | |
2 2 2
2
1
v v v V E =
( ) | |
2 2 2
2
1
v v v V E =
( ) | |
2
0
2
1
v V E =
| |
2
2
1
v V E =
2
2
1
v V E =
[Nova quatione III]
[ALERT: Negative Energy / Pressure is a necessary component of Vacuum Systems,
described here as the Rate of Voidance of the Cold Reservoir, and is reminiscent of the
Exotic Matter theorized to inhabit the Event Horizon of Black Holes forming Wormholes and
the Virtual Particles of the Casimir Effect.
[81]
Therefore think of this Negative Warp
Energy as a Macroscopic version of Zero-Point Energy: As Zero-Point Energy is a
consequence of the wave-like nature of Quantum Systems so too is the Phantom Energy of
Virtual Surfaces / Force Fields a consequence of their Wave-Like nature.
[82]
]
Again by CAVEAT II and V we can divide both sides by
Flux
V
to find an expression of the
pressure;
2
2
1
v V E =
2
2
1
Descent Cold Warp
v P =
[Nova quatione IV]
LEX XVIII: The Momentum of the Incident (Impulse) and Reflection (Deflector) [and
Transmission (Warp)] Waves are then given by the Time Multiplication of their Stamen:
Stamen Newton
s
kgm
s
m
s
kg
v R
Flux
Warp
Mass
= = = |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
Multiply by Time (s) and,
245
Momentum Seconds Stamen Newton
s
kgm
s
kgms
s
s
m
s
kg
s v R
Flux
Warp
Mass
= = = = |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= /
2
Flux
Cold
Outside
Density
T R ~ =
[Proportio I]
B
Flux
Cold
Mass
Water
Mass
Mass
R
R
R
R
+
~ =
[Proportio II]

Continuity
Flux
B
Flux
Cold
Mass
Water
Mass
Mass
R R
R
R
R ~ =
+
[Proportio II]
( )
Cold
Cold
Outside
Warm

|
|
.
|
\
|
= 01 . 0
[Cattus Ex Machina]
246
( )
Cold
Cold
Outside Shutdown
Warm

|
|
.
|
\
|
=
Cold
Cold
Mass Bottom
Flux
R
V
=
[Proportio III]
And,
Outside
Outside
Mass Top
Flux
R
V
=
[Proportio IV]
C V V
Bottom
Flux
Top
Flux
= =
APPENDIX C: MATLAB CODES:
Here is the MATLAB Code for the Heartbeat of top Shields Signal / Interference Wave
Function of Phailin.
MATLAB CODE:
EDU>> t=[2.5:0.1:150]
EDU>> a=3439.0917
EDU>> b=22902869980
EDU>> c=4888475060
EDU>> d=0.283166444
EDU>> e=0.144829698
EDU>> f=d-e
EDU>> x=((2*a*cos((b-c)-0.5*f*t)).*cos((b+c)+0.5*f*t)).*cos(pi*t)
EDU>> plot(x)
Here is the MATLAB Code for the Real World Mathematical Model of top Shields Signal /
Interference Wave Function of Phailin. This transformation displays the Real World
Logarithmic Spiral pattern of Phailins Exhaust Canopy.
MATLAB CODE:
247
EDU>> t=[2.5:0.1:7.5]
EDU>> a=3439.0917
EDU>> b=22902869980
EDU>> c=4888475060
EDU>> d=0.283166444
EDU>> e=0.144829698
EDU>> f=d-e
EDU>> p=2*a*cos((b-c)-0.5*f*t)
EDU>> x=(p.*exp(sqrt(-1)*f*t)).*cos(pi*t)
EDU>> y=(p.*exp(sqrt(-1)*f*t)).*sin(pi*t)
EDU>> plot(x,y)
Here is the MATLAB Code for the Real World Mathematical Model of top Shields Signal /
Interference Conjugate Wave Function of Phailin. This transformation displays the Real
World Logarithmic Spiral pattern of Phailins Exhaust Canopy in the Southern Hemisphere.
MATLAB CODE:
EDU>> t=[2.5:0.1:7.5]
EDU>> a=3439.0917
EDU>> b=22902869980
EDU>> c=4888475060
EDU>> d=0.283166444
EDU>> e=0.144829698
EDU>> f=d-e
EDU>> p=2*a*cos((b-c)-0.5*f*t)
EDU>> x=p.*(1./(exp(sqrt(-1)*f*t))).*cos(pi*t)
EDU>> y=p.*(1./(exp(sqrt(-1)*f*t))).*-1.*sin(pi*t)
EDU>> plot(x,y)
APPENDIX D: TRANSLATIONS
English / Latin Translations assisted via Google Translate by Google, Inc.
[A]
Ab De Circulum : From the Circle.
Ab De Motus: From The Motion.
Ab De Unda: From The Wave.
qualis: Equal.
quatio Adjunctus: Substitute Equation.
quatio Motus: Equation of Motion.
quum: Availing.
Amplitudum: Width.
Aqua Murum: Water Wall.
[C]
Caldarium: Hot (Warm Room).
Cattus Ex Machina: Cat Out of the
Machine.
CURRICULUM VIT: The Course of
Life.
[D]
Definitio: Definition.
Densum Minimum: Minimum Density.
Duobus In Unum: Two In One.
Duum: Two.
[E]
Est Finem: The End.
248
Ex Cattus Vita: The Life of A Cat.
Ex Evanescentis Phantasma: The
Disappearance of a Phantom.
Ex Imaginatius Propellus Navis:
Propeller of an Imaginary Ship.
Ex Principia Physica: The Principles of
Physics.
Ex Regula Mathematica: The Rules of
Mathematics.
Ex Transulto: The Leap.
Ex Versa: On The Other Hand.
Externus Modelus: External Model.
Exeus: Exit.
Extrarium: Outsider (Outside Room).
Extrarium Est Victor: The Outside
Room Is the Winner.
[F]
Familia Cognos?: Know the Family?
Finem Tempestas Est: End of Storm.
Fortuna: Fortune (The Chances / The
Odds / Fate).
Frigidarium: Fridge (Cold Room).
[G]
Generalem Solutio: General Solution.
Generalis: General.
GRATIAS IESUS CHRISTUS: Thank
You Jesus Christ.
[H]
Hoc Modo: In This Method.
[I]
In Memoria De Phantasma: In Memory
of a Phantom.
Inde Ex Eo Tempore: From the Time
(Derivative).
Internus Modelus: Internal Model.
[L]
Lex: Law
[M]
Minutus: Minute (Small).
Momento Phantasma: A Moment of
Fantasy
Momentum: The Moment
(Instantaneous).
[N]
Negativus: Negative.
Nondum: Not Yet.
Non Equaum: Do Not Match (Not
Equal).
Nova quatione: New Equation.
Novis Concorporatio: New Unit.
Novis Rationi: New Idea.
[O]
Objectivo Completo: Objective
Complete.
[P]
Par: Match.
Particuli Extrarium]: Particle of the
Outsider (Outside Room).
Particuli Frigidarium: Particle of the
Fridge (Cold Room).
Pater Parens: Father and Mother.
Patrimonium: Patrimony (Heritage).
Phantasma: Phantom.
Positivus: Positive.
Privati-quatione: Private Equation.
Pro Conside: For Consideration.
Pro Posterius: For Later.
Probabilitas: Probability (Likelihood).
Probabilitas De Reflect Unda: The
Probability of the Reflected Wave.
Probabilitas De Vermis Cavus: The
Probability of the Wormhole.
Proportio: Proportion (Ratio).
Proxime: Approximately.
[Q]
Quadrus Completo: Completing The
Square.
Quadratum: Square.
Qui Est Ultra: What Is Beyond.
Quo Velox: The Quick.
Quod Erat Demonstrandum: Which
Was To Be Proved.
Quod Erat Faciendum: Which Was To
Be Done.
Quod Factum Est?: What Happened?
[S]
Satisfactionem: Satisfaction.
249
Simul Equal Unum: Together Equal One.
Stilo Novum Ex Priore: The New Style
of the Former.
Solution Generalem: General Solution.
Specialis: Special.
Spectrum Apperentia: A Ghost Appears.
Specialis Subvectio: Special
Transportation (Special Delivery).
Super-Deus!: Super-God!
Sursum Versus: The Upper.
Sustento Confidens: Maintain
Confidence (Stay Positive).
[T]
Talis Evolver: Roll The Dice.
Tempestas Finem: The Weather Is Fine
Tempore: (In) Time.
Translato: Translation.
[U]
Unum: One.
[V]
Vermis Cavus Faciendus: Make The
Wormhole.
Versus Minus: The Lower.
Vix Nihil: Almost Nothing.
Vis De Pondus Quod Contra Gravitas:
The Force of the Weight That Opposes
Gravity.
250
[1] ^ Why cyclone Phailin is named so. CNN / IBM Live: India. IBNLive.in.com. Oct 11,
2013. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/why-cyclone-phailin-is-named-so/427800-3.html
[2] ^ Indian cyclone wreaks havoc, 14 dead, 1 million evacuated. Moazzem Hossain. The
Financial Express. International Publications Limited 2013 ; http://www.thefinancialexpress-
bd.com/index.php?ref=MjBfMTBfMTRfMTNfMV8xN18xODY4ODc%3D
[3] ^ Cyclone Phailin. (2013, October 13). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
22:41, October 13, 2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyclone_Phailin&oldid=577049006
[4] ^ Tropical cyclone. (2013, December 5). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
22:09, December 5, 2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_cyclone&oldid=584729929
[5] ^ Phailin (Northern Indian Ocean) Deadly Cyclone Phailin Makes Landfall in Eastern
India, Rob Gutro NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA.gov October 18, 2013
http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/phailin-northern-indian-ocean/
[6] ^ Cyclone Phailin: Wave height to be 8.5m in Odisha, Ch Sushil Rao, The Times of India,
TNN Oct 12, 2013, 08.35PM IST
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-12/india/42967438_1_wave-conditions-
landfall-next-48-hrs
[7] ^ Cyclone Phailin makes landfall on India's east coast, Digital Writers, The Weather
Network, theweathernetwork.com, Saturday, October 12, 2013, 2:45 PM
http://www.theweathernetwork.com/news/articles/cyclone-phailin-begins-to-lash-indias-east-
coast/14359/
[8] ^ The Troposphere, Window to the Universe. Randy Russell. January 11, 2010
http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/troposphere.html
[10] ^ Stagnation pressure. (2014, January 22). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Retrieved 22:42, February 7, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stagnation_pressure&oldid=591838509
[11] ^ How Bad Will Cyclone Phailin Be for India? Douglas Main, LiveScience, a
TechMediaNetwork Company. October 11, 2013
http://news.yahoo.com/bad-cyclone-phailin-india-192256353.html
[12] ^ Waves-II, Appendix E, Mathematical Formulas, The Force law for Simple Harmonic
Motion (Linear Simple Harmonic Oscillator) Fundamentals of Physics, Sixth Edition, David
Halliday, Robert Resnick and Jearl Walker, John Wiley & Sins, Inc. 2003 ISBNL 0-471-
22862-1
[13] ^ Density of air. (2013, October 1). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
22:29, October 21, 2013, from
[14] ^ 1 E+12 m. (2013, May 17). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:21,
December 22, 2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_E%2B12_m%C2%B3&oldid=555491236
[15] ^ Aral Sea. (2014, February 6). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 00:28,
February 10, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aral_Sea&oldid=594179673
251
[16] ^ Orders of magnitude (energy). (2013, December 5). In Wikipedia, The Free
Encyclopedia. Retrieved 00:45, December 21, 2013, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(energy)&oldid=584619372
; "The Soviet Weapons Program The Tsar Bomba". The Nuclear Weapon Archive.
Retrieved 4 November 2011. ; Calculated: 50e6 tons TNT-equivalent * 4.2e9 J/ton TNT-
equivalent = 2.1e17 J : Energy From Uranium Fission". HyperPhysics. Retrieved 8
November 2011. : Conversion from eV to J". NIST. Retrieved 4 November 2011. ;
Conversion from eV to J". NIST. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
[17] ^ Benot Paul mile Clapeyron. (2014, April 19). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beno%C3%AEt_Paul_%C3%89mile_Clapeyron&
oldid=604944780
[18] ^ Nicolas Lonard Sadi Carnot. (2014, May 7). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot&oldid=60
7475835
[19] ^ Rudolf Clausius. (2014, May 4). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
21:20, May 13, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Clausius&oldid=606970264
[20] ^ Blaise Pascal. (2014, April 26). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
21:02, May 5, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blaise_Pascal&oldid=605954845
[21] ^ Orders of magnitude (area). (2013, November 24). In Wikipedia, The Free
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(area)&oldid=583120091 ;
"Appendix II Statistics". Taipei Yearbook 2010. Retrieved 28 October 2011. ; "Jurisdictions:
London". The International Finance Centre Portal. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
[22] ^ Archimedes. (2014, April 25). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20:46,
May 5, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archimedes&oldid=605766850
[23] ^ Votive crown. (2014, February 4). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
20:44, May 5, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Votive_crown&oldid=593903840
[24] ^ Orders of magnitude (force). (2013, October 2). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Retrieved 19:42, October 22, 2013, from
1.63 x 1014 x gravitational attraction between Earth and Sun, assuming total absorption of
sunlight Sunlight Exerts Pressure, NASA Glenn LTP Math & Science Resources ; "Space
Shuttle Main Engine". Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne. Retrieved 20 April 2013. "109% power
level at sea level: 418,000 lb" ; Wade, Mark. "SSME". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved
27 October 2011. "Launches normally used 104% ... as a maximum" ; Calculated: 418000 lbf
* 4.45 N/lbf * (104% launch power level / 109%) = 1.77e6 N.
[25] ^ Orders of magnitude (pressure). (2013, December 3). In Wikipedia, The Free
13 ;"Time For HVLP?". Sharpe Manufacturing Company. Retrieved 9 January 2012. "paint
exiting the gun at 10 PSI" ; "Appendix B8Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically". NIST
Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
; "Vapor Pressure of Water". Science Help Online for Chemistry. Fordham Preparatory
School. Retrieved 11 November 2011. "2.6 kPa" ; NAHF - Harry Armstrong ; Zipf, Jr, R.
252
Karl; Cashdollar, Kenneth. "Effects of blast pressure on structures and the human body".
Retrieved 3 January 2012. ; Typical force may total 150 to 500 pounds-force (670 to 2,220
N), applied to area of ~6 square inches (39 cm2). Actual impact pressure depends on strike to
bone, soft tissue, padded surface, or brick wall. Also depends upon deflection or resistance of
object struck. Heavyweight boxing champions have been shown to strike with over 1,000
pounds-force (4,400 N) of force, which would imply ~170 psi (> 1100 kPa) over same area. ;
"Which is the most intense tropical cyclone on record?". Hurricane Research Division
Frequently Asked Questions. NOAA. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
[26] Conservation of energy. (2014, May 10). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservation_of_energy&oldid=607859415
[27] ^ Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. (2014, May 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz&oldid=608095287
[28] ^ John Smeaton. (2014, April 19). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
20:00, May 14, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Smeaton&oldid=604821264
[29] ^ James Prescott Joule. (2014, May 13). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Prescott_Joule&oldid=608458327
[30] ^ Properties of Negation and Distribution, Algebraic Properties and Operations of
Fractions Rules of Signs, The Properties of Negation of Algebra; Algebraic Rules for Special
Products of Binomials, Precalculus Fifth Edition, Ron Larson, Robert P. Hostetler. Houghton
Mifflin Company, 2001
[31] ^ Orders of magnitude (speed). (2014, January 24). In Wikipedia, The Free
Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:20, February 11, 2014, from ;
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(speed)&oldid=592177335
[32] ^ Daniel Bernoulli. (2014, February 24). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Retrieved 22:15, April 24, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Bernoulli&oldid=596888597
[33] ^ Vapour pressure of water. (2014, March 1). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Retrieved 23:43, March 2, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vapour_pressure_of_water&oldid=597694256 ;
"Vapor Pressure of Water". Science Help Online for Chemistry. Fordham Preparatory
School. Retrieved 11 November 2011. "2.6 kPa"
[34] ^ Seawater. (2014, March 3). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:40,
March 3, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seawater&oldid=597997308
[35] ^ Orders of magnitude (length). (2014, January 31). In Wikipedia, The Free
Encyclopedia. Retrieved 00:11, March 4, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(length)&oldid=593213729
; "Animal Records". Smithsonian National Zoological Park. Retrieved 2007-05-29.
[36] ^ Cyclone Phailin makes landfall near Gopalpur in Odisha: latest developments, Edited
by Abhinav Bhatt, Story First Published: October 12, 2013 23:04 IST, Updated: October 13,
2013 00:43 IST, New Delhi Television Limited (NDTV), NDTV.com,
http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/cyclone-phailin-makes-landfall-near-gopalpur-in-
odisha-latest-developments-431536
[37] ^ Astronomical Tide Levels along the Coasts of the Indian Ocean, Yoshinobu TSUJI,
Yuichi NAMEGAYA, and Junichi ITO (Earthquake Research Institute, the University of
253
Tokyo), http://www.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/namegaya/sumatera/tide/index.htm ; http://www.eri.u-
tokyo.ac.jp/namegaya/sumatera/tide/india.htm
[38] ^ Orders of magnitude (mass). (2014, March 7). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Retrieved 23:32, March 11, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(mass)&oldid=598595299 ;
"Knock Nevis - The world's largest ship ever". Container-Transportation. Retrieved 19
October 2011. ; "Hamersley Freight Line - Railway Technology". Railway Technology.
Retrieved 2011-10-17.
[39] ^ Orders of magnitude (time). (2014, February 27). In Wikipedia, The Free
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(time)&oldid=597415239
[40] ^ Velocimetry. (2013, September 14). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
23:03, March 12, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Velocimetry&oldid=572838841
[41] ^ Lagrangian and Eulerian specification of the flow field. (2014, January 12). In
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:04, March 12, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lagrangian_and_Eulerian_specification_of_the_fl
ow_field&oldid=590341622
[42] ^ Inertial frame of reference. (2013, November 21). In Wikipedia, The Free
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inertial_frame_of_reference&oldid=582640521
[43] ^ Cyclone Phailin set to hit Odisha at a wind speed of 205 kmph tomorrow, Pradhan,
Ashok and Mohapatra, Debabrata, TNN ,The Times of India, TNN Oct 12, 2013, 08.35PM
IST. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Cyclone-Phailin-set-to-hit-Odisha-at-a-wind-
speed-of-205-kmph-tomorrow/articleshow/23964875.cms?referral=PM
[44] ^ CNN Transcrips, Weather Forecast, CNN.com. Cable News Network. Turner
Broadcasting System, Inc. 2013. http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1310/12/cnr.01.html
[45] ^ Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary new Edition Based on the Eleventh Edition.
Merriam-Webster Incorporated. 2004.
[46] ^ Tropical cyclone. (2014, June 16). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
23:13, June 30, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_cyclone&oldid=613161428
[47] ^ Logarithmic spiral. (2014, April 3). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
19:52, April 9, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Logarithmic_spiral&oldid=602571942
[48] ^ Jacob Bernoulli. (2014, April 18). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
22:08, April 24, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Bernoulli&oldid=604671695
[49] ^ Johann Bernoulli. (2014, May 26). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
19:43, June 26, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johann_Bernoulli&oldid=610154323
[50] ^ Old Style and New Style dates. (2014, April 24). In Wikipedia, The Free
Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:34, April 24, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates&oldid=6056434
27
[51] ^ Robert Hooke. (2014, April 24). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
21:34, May 5, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hooke&oldid=605592524
254
[52] ^ Isaac Newton. (2014, June 13). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:47,
June 26, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Newton&oldid=612807444
[53] ^ Orders of magnitude (angular velocity). (2014, April 2). In Wikipedia, The Free
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(angular_velocity)&oldid=6
02416643
[54] ^ Orders of magnitude (frequency). (2014, February 11). In Wikipedia, The Free
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(frequency)&oldid=594966
067
[55] ^ Radian per second. (2014, January 15). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radian_per_second&oldid=590872703
[56] ^ Amplitude modulation. (2014, April 30). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amplitude_modulation&oldid=606415258
[57] ^ Angular frequency. (2014, April 8). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
23:14, April 22, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angular_frequency&oldid=603292525
[58] ^ Appendix C, Appendix D, Oscillations, Classical Dynamics of particles and Systems,
Fifth Edition, Stephen T. Thornton, Jerry B. Marion, Brooks / Cole a division of Thompson
Learning Inc. 2004
[59] ^ Q factor. (2014, May 9). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20:48, June
1, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Q_factor&oldid=607725053
[60] ^ Electronics and Communications for Scientist and engineers, Martin Plonus, Harcourt
Academic Press, 2001.
[61] ^ Complex Numbers, Fourier Series and Transforms, Mathematical Methods in the
Physical Sciences, Third Edition, Boas, Mary L., John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2006.
[62] ^ Joseph Fourier. (2014, March 17). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
21:50, May 5, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Fourier&oldid=600027073
[63] ^ Euler's formula. (2014, April 10). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
23:27, April 15, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Euler%27s_formula&oldid=603638569
[64] ^ Leonhard Euler. (2014, May 2). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
22:04, May 5, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&oldid=606763153
[65] ^ Amplitude modulation. (2014, April 30). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amplitude_modulation&oldid=606415258
[66] ^ Vector-valued function. (2013, October 27). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Retrieved 21:54, May 13, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vector-
valued_function&oldid=579023781
[67] ^ Complex-valued function. (2013, December 31). In Wikipedia, The Free
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Complex-valued_function&oldid=588567941
255
[68] ^ Matrix (mathematics). (2014, May 6). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
20:33, May 14, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matrix_(mathematics)&oldid=607343851
[69] ^ Elementary Linear Algebra, Ninth Edition, Howard Anton, John Wiley & Sons, Inc /
Anton Textbooks, Inc. 2005.
[70] ^ Vorticity. (2014, April 22). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23:44,
May 2, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vorticity&oldid=605281675
[71] ^ Coriolis effect. (2014, May 1). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:47,
May 11, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coriolis_effect&oldid=606679202
[72] ^ Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis. (2014, January 27). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Retrieved 21:27, July 2, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaspard-
Gustave_Coriolis&oldid=592667386
[73] ^ Second Order Linear Equations, Force Vibrations, Elementary Differential Equations
and Boundary Value Problems, Eight Edition, William E. Boyce, Richard C. DiPrima, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005.
[74] ^ Characteristic equation (calculus). (2014, April 23). In Wikipedia, The Free
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Characteristic_equation_(calculus)&oldid=605430
256
[75] ^ Polynomial. (2014, May 5). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:35,
May 12, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polynomial&oldid=607223825
[76] ^ Completing the Square: Solving Quadratic Equations (page 1 of 2), Elizabeth Stapel,
PurpleMath, PurpleMath.com Copyright 2000-2014,
http://www.purplemath.com/modules/sqrquad.htm
[77] ^ Quadratic function. (2014, April 26). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
19:34, May 12, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quadratic_function&oldid=605841802
[78] ^ Bohrs Model of the Atom, Schrdinger s Theory of Quantum Mechanics, Solutions
of the Time-Independent Schrdinger Equations, Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules,
Solids, Nuclei and Particles, Second Edition, Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc. 1985
[79] ^ Phase plane. (2014, February 10). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
22:06, May 19, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phase_plane&oldid=594804786
[80] ^ Cyclone Yasi. (2014, May 6). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21:09,
May 14, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyclone_Yasi&oldid=607261147
[81] ^ Casimir effect. (2014, April 22). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
20:25, May 20, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Casimir_effect&oldid=605260926
[82] ^ Zero-point energy. (2014, May 13). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
20:32, May 20, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zero-
point_energy&oldid=608342199
[83] ^ Max Born. (2014, May 10). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20:50,
May 28, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Max_Born&oldid=607972340
256
[84] ^ Erwin Schrdinger. (2014, May 22). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
21:33, May 25, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&oldid=609608917
[85] ^ Schrdinger's cat. (2014, May 12). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
21:37, May 25, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat&oldid=608274335
[86] ^ Albert Einstein. (2014, June 25). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
19:53, June 26, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&oldid=614403915
[87] ^ Niels Bohr. (2014, May 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21:01,
May 28, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niels_Bohr&oldid=609402792
[88] ^ Richard Feynman. (2014, June 19). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
19:54, June 26, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Feynman&oldid=613571721
[89] ^ Spatial frequency. (2014, June 16). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
22:18, July 1, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spatial_frequency&oldid=613114843
[90] ^ Max Planck. (2014, May 22). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21:04,
May 29, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&oldid=609688469
[91] ^ Planck constant. (2014, May 26). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
21:07, May 29, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Planck_constant&oldid=610237768
[92] ^ Gene Roddenberry. (2014, May 24). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
21:21, May 29, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gene_Roddenberry&oldid=609895896
[93] ^ Cheshire Cat. (2014, June 8). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:07,
June 18, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cheshire_Cat&oldid=612139035
[94] ^ Lewis Carroll. (2014, June 5). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:07,
June 18, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lewis_Carroll&oldid=611695358
[95] ^ Taking the Temperature of a Hurricanes Eye, Fraser Cain, Universe Today,
Universetoday.com, May 1, 2002 : http://www.universetoday.com/8361/taking-the-
temperature-of-a-hurricanes-eye/
[96] ^ 1 E+11 m. (2013, March 12). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21:14,
June 20, 2014, from
[97] ^ Lake Ladoga. (2014, June 18). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21:15,
June 20, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake_Ladoga&oldid=613409864
[98] ^ 1 E+8 m. (2013, June 4). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20:21, June
24, 2014, from
[99] ^ Ludwig Boltzmann. (2014, April 27). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
22:26, June 11, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_Boltzmann&oldid=605997887
257
[100] ^ James Clerk Maxwell. (2014, June 19). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Retrieved 20:02, June 26, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Clerk_Maxwell&oldid=613518136
[101] ^ Names of large numbers. (2014, June 18). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Retrieved 01:43, June 26, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Names_of_large_numbers&oldid=613437239
[102] ^ Planck length. (2014, June 26). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
22:00, June 26, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Planck_length&oldid=614530938
[103] ^ Planck time. (2014, May 30). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21:57,
June 26, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Planck_time&oldid=610748450
[104] ^ Planck units. (2014, June 25). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:48,
June 26, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Planck_units&oldid=614385463
O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, behold, I will lay thy stones with
fair colours, and lay thy foundations with sapphires. Isaiah 54:11
The Holy Bible; King James Version
258

Scientiæ Baccalaureus: A Physics Research Text

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Scientiæ Baccalaureus: A Physics Research Text

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

SCIENTI BACCALAUREUS

A PHYSICS RESEARCH TEXT

Dividing this area by the Pit Track width gives:

And see, the pecan roll has a

so lets use the Wien Law to calculate how hot

is the density of the warm air

is the density of the cold air (

is the density of the cold air (

is the density of the cold air

are the densities of the cold air (

, Compressive Wave / Thrust Dehydration

, The Correspondence Principle, The Conservation of

, Heat Exchange and Flux

are used to Calculate the Internal Winds Speed,

Denotes a New Physical / Mathematical Concept / Technique that is demonstrated in this

is the Density of the cold air:

is the Density of the outside air:

is the Density of the outside air:

is the Density of the cold air:

is the Density of the cold air:

is the Density of the Sea Water:

is the density of the cold air:(

is the density of the outside air:

is the Density of the outside air:

is the Density of the cold air:

is the Density of the outside air:

is software used by Scientist, Engineers, and

Again, through Eulers Trigonometric Relation we get;

is the Density of the outside air:

is the Density of the cold air:

is the Density of the cold air:

is the Density of the outside air:

is the Density of the cold air:

217.2 Tredecillion Inverse-Meters (Short Scale Number System)!!!!!!!!

is the Density of the cold air:

111.1 Tredecillion Inverse-Meters (Short Scale Number System)!!!!!!!!

is the Density of the cold air:

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen