THE CRUSADES

A Quest for the Holy Land

Crusades
A long series or Wars
between Christians
and Muslims
They fought over
control of Jerusalem
which was called the
Holy Land because it
was the region where
Jesus had lived,
preached and died
Causes of the Crusades
Muslim Turks
captured Jerusalem
from the Byzantine
Empire
Muslims stopped
Christians from
Visiting Holy Land
Christian pilgrims
were attacked
Byzantine Empire
feared attack on
Constantinople
The Call to Arms
Pope Urban II
called for the
defeat of the
Turks, returning
the Holy Land to
the Christians
Who Answered the Call?
Feudal Lords

Knights

Peasants
The First Crusade (1096-1099)
Peasant army
Untrained
Lacked military
equipment
Many killed by
Muslim Turks
Knights
Succeeded in
capturing Jerusalem
Second Crusade (1147-1149)
After victory many Christians went back
home.
The Turks eventually took back much of
the territory.
King of France and Emperor of Germany
sent troops to stop the Turks.
Second Crusade (1147-1149)
Saladin leads the
Muslim Turks to
victory, defeating
the Christians
* He was considered a very
wise ruler. He was known for
his sometimes kind treatment
of fallen enemies. Many
Christians saw him as a model
of knightly chivalry.
Third Crusade (1189-1192)
King Richard of
England convinces
the Turks to allow
Christians to visit
the Holy Land
Crusades Continue Through 1200s
Several more crusades attempted with no
victories for the Christians
Childrens crusade, - 30,000 soldiers -
many of them under 12 years old Never
made it to the Holy Land
Spanish Crusade- The Inquisition 1400
kick Muslims and non-Christians
out of Spain
Reconquista- Re conquering of Spain

Inquisition court used to suppress
heresy (anyone different from teachings
of Church)

Like a witch hunt against those not
Christians

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Why did the Crusades fail?
After the 1
st
attempt, each attempt was
weaker with less emphasis on winning

People soon cared more about making
money and getting goods

Stealing from Byzantine and Islamic people
Effects of Crusades
Showed power of Church
Increased trading between East and West
--> will lead to massive Cultural Diffusion
Lead to the Commercial Revolution
Muslim bitterness and hatred toward
Christians
Constantinople (Istanbul) eventually falls to
Turks
Effect of Crusades
Increased trading helped business flourish

Merchants increased
The growth of Trade:

As time passed trade began
to expand and business began
to grow! leading to the
Commercial Revolution
How will increased trading effect
society?

-More $$ available
-Merchants get increased power!
taxes increase to king! King no
longer need to give land for loyalty,
instead can give money

-Growth of cities
Move back to cities to trade
Results of Commercial Revolution
-Businesses grow
-End of Feudalism decline/ Serfdom ! kings gain power
-Trading increases ! Age of exploration??
-Banking
-Growth of merchants and middle class
So do we need feudalism to keep people
loyal?
Commercial revolution means end of
feudalism

People can live and survive without farming
Results of the Crusades
I.F. Turks Traveled they would Trade
I = Improvements Ships, Maps, Explorers
F = Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or
spend too much money on military.
T = Turks still rule the Holy Land
T = Travel Europeans want to travel more
T = Trade Europeans want product from the East
such as sugar, cotton, silk, spices, etc.
Assignment: Crusades Game or
Recruitment Poster
Use your notes, textbook and Internet to create a
recruitment poster by the Christians, or by the Muslims.
Your project should include:

A definition of the crusades.
A map of the crusades.
The causes that led to the crusades.
Symbols and slogans illustrating which side your poster is
recruiting.
Effects of the crusades.