J-7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo

momzadebis departamenti

saqarTvelos daviT aRmaSeneblis saxelobis
Tavdacvis erovnuli akademia






7,62 mm-iani kalaSnikovis
modernizirebuli avtomatebisa
da 5,45 mm-iani kalaSnikovis
avtomatebis

(AKM, AKMC, AKM, -74, -74, -74
da -74)

saxelmZRvanelo









Tbilisi
2007
2
J-7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo
momzadebis departamenti

saqarTvelos daviT aRmaSeneblis saxelobis
Tavdacvis erovnuli akademia






7,62 mm-iani kalaSnikovis
modernizirebuli avtomatebisa da
5,45 mm-iani kalaSnikovis
avtomatebis

(AKM, AKMC, AKM, -74, -74, -74
da -74)

saxelmZRvanelo








Tbilisi
2007

3










nawili pirveli




avtomatebis mowyobiloba, maTi
gamoyeneba, movla da Senaxva













4
Tavi I

saerTo cnobebi

avtomatebis daniSnuleba da sabrZolo
Tvisebebi

1. 7,62 mm-iani kalaSnikovis modernizebuli avtomati (nax.1a)
da 5,45 mm-iani kalaSnikovis avtomati (nax.1b) individualuri
iaraRebia. isini gankuTvnilia mowinaaRmdegis cocxali Zalis
gasanadgureblad da sacecxle saSualebaTa dasazianeblad.
xelCarTul brZolaSi mowinaaRmdegis dasazianeblad avtomatebs
ukeTdeba xiSt-dana. RamiT, bunebrivi ganaTebis pirobebSi
srolisa da TvalTvalisaTvis M, -74, -74
avtomatebs ukeTdebaT RamiT srolis universaluri samizne
().


nax. 1 a. 7,62 mm-iani kalaSnikovis modernizebuli
avtomatis saerTo xedi
a. mudmivi kondaxiT (M); b. dasakeci kondaxiT (MC);
g. mudmivi kondaxiTa da Ramis samizniT (M).
5


nax. 1 b. 5,45 mm-iani kalaSnikovis avtomatis
saerTo xedi
a. mudmivi kondaxiT (-74); b. dasakeci kondaxiTa (-74C);
g. mudmivi kondaxiT da Ramis samizniT (-74); d. dasakeci
kondaxiTa da Ramis samizniT (-74).

2. 7,62 mm-iani avtomatiT srolisaTvis gamoiyeneba 1943 wlis
nimuSis vaznebi Cveulebrivi (foladis gulariani), mgezveli da
javaSangamtan-cecxlgamCeni tyviebiT, xolo 5,45 mm-iani
avtomatiT srolisaTvis _ Cveulebrivi (foladis gulariani)
da mgezveltyviebiani vaznebi.
avtomatebiT xorcieldeba avtomaturi an erTeuli cecxli.
avtomaturi cecxli srolis ZiriTadi saxeobaa. igi warmoebs
mokle (5 gasrolamde) da grZeli (10 gasrolamde) jerebiT da
uwyvetliv. srolisas vaznebis miwodeba xdeba 30 vaznis
tevadobis savazne kolofidan.
miwiszeda miznebSi, namdvili (efeqturi) cecxli M
avtomatidan xorcieldeba 400m-mde, xolo -74 avtomatidan
6
_ 500m-mde manZilebze. srolis samizne manZili (M, -74)
1000 m-ia. pirdapiri gasrolis manZili samkerde figurisaTvis
M-dan - 350 m-mdea, xolo -74-dan 440 m-mde. morbenal
figurisaTvis ki M-dan 525 m-mdea, xolo -74-dan 625 m-
mde. Tavmoyrili cecxli miwiszeda jgufur miznebSi
xorcieldeba M-dan 800 m-mde, xolo -74-dan 1000 m-mde
manZilze. TviTmfrinavebze, vertmfrenebsa da paraSutistebze ki
(M, -74) 500 m-mde. srolis tempia (M, -74) - 600
gasrolamde wuTSi.
avtomatebis sabrZolo swrafsrolaa: jerebiT srolisas 100
gasrolamde, erTeuli gasrolebiT srolisas 40 gasrolamde
wuTSi.
_ 7,62 mm-iani avtomatis wona xiSt-danis gareSe vaznebiT
aRWurvili msubuqSenadnobiani korpusis savazne kolofiT: M
- 3,6kg; MC -3,8kg, M-5,8 kg. xiSt-danis wona
qarqaSianad - 450gr.
_ 5,45 mm avtomatis wona xiSt-danis gareSe vaznebiT
aRWurvili plastmasis savazne kolofiT: -74 - 3,6kg; -
74 - 5,9kg; -74 - 3,5kg: -74 - 5,8kg. xiSt-danis
wona qarqaSianad - 490gr.
avtomatis Sesaxeb sxva monacemebi moyvanilia 1-7 danarTebSi.


avtomatis Semadgeneli nawilebi da meqanizmebi.
maTi muSaobis principi

3. avtomati (M, -74) Sedgeba Semdegi ZiriTadi
nawilebisa da meqanizmebisagan (nax. 2a,b):
- lulisagan lulis kolofiT, samizne mowyobilobiT,
kondaxiTa da pistoletis saxeluriT;
- lulis kolofis saxuraviT;
- saketis CarCosagan gazis dguSiT;
- saketisagan;
- damabrunebeli meqanizmisagan;
- gazis milakisgan lulis zesadebiT;
- damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmisagan;
- salulisagan;
- savazne kolofisagan. amis garda, avtomat M-s aqvs lulis
quro an kompensatori, xolo -74-s lulis
muxruWkompensatori.
avtomatebis kompleqtSi Sedis: sakuTno, qamari da CanTa
savazne kolofebisaTvis, xiSt-dana, dasakeckondaxiani
avtomatebis kompleqtSi, garda amisa, Sedis avtomatis SaliTa
jibiT savazne kolofisaTvis, xolo Ramis samizniani
avtomatebis kompleqtSi - RamiT srolis universaluri samizne
().
7


nax. 2. avtomatis ZiriTadi nawilebi,
meqanizmebi da maTi sakuTno
a. M, b. -74
1. lula lulis kolofiT, damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmiT, samizne
mowyobilobiT, kondaxiTa da pistoletis saxeluriT; 2. lulis
kolofis saxuravi; 3. xiSt-dana; 4. damabrunebeli meqanizmi; 5. saketis
CarCo gazis dguSiT; 6. gazis mili lulis zesadebiT; 7. saketi;
8. zumba; 9. salule; 10. savazne nolofi; 11. sakuTnos penali;
12. lulis muxruW-kompensatori( -74-ze):
8
4. avtomatis avtomatur moqmedebas safuZvlad udevs denTis
airis energiis gamoyeneba, romelic gaedineba lulis arxidan
gazis kameraSi.
gasrolisas, denTis airis nawili, romelic mihyveba tyvias,
gazis kameraSi miemarTeba lulis kedelSi arsebuli xvrelis
gavliT, awveba gazis dguSis wina kedels da ukuagdebs dguSsa
da saketis CarCos saketiT ukana mdgomareobaSi. saketis CarCos
ukan gadaadgilebisas ixsneba saketi, gamoaqvs savaznidan masra
da gareT agdebs mas, saketis CarCo kumSavs damabrunebel
zambaras da Seayenebs Caxmaxs TviTsasxletis fexze.
saketis CarCo damabrunebeli meqanizmis zemoqmedebiT, saketiT
brundeba wina mdgomareobaSi, amasTan, sakets gadaaqvs morigi
vazna savazne kolofidan savazneSi da ketavs lulis arxs,
xolo saketis CarCos TviTsasxletis Semkavebeli gamohyavs
Caxmaxis TviTsasxletis Sesayeneblidan. Caxmaxi dgeba sabrZolo
fexze. saketis Carazva (Caketva) xdeba misi sigrZivi RerZis
garSemo marjvniv mobrunebiT, ris Sedegadac saketis sabrZolo
Sverilebi gadadis lulis kolofis sabrZolo sabjenTa ukan.
Tu gadamyvani dayenebulia avtomatur cecxlze, maSin srola
gagrZeldeba manam, sanam daWerilia sasxleti kauWi da savazne
kolofSi aris vaznebi.
Tu gadamyvani dayenebulia erTeul cecxlze, maSin, sasxlet
kauWze daWerisas moxdeba mxolod erTi gasrola; Semdegi
gasrolisaTvis aucilebelia sasxleti kauWis gaSveba da masze
xelmeored daWera.










9
Tavi II

avtomatis daSla da awyoba

5. avtomatis daSla SeiZleba iyos sruli da arasruli:
sruli gawmendisaTvis avtomatis Zlieri gaWuWyianebisas,
misi wvimaSi an TovlSi moxvedrisas da SekeTebisas.
arasruli avtomatis gawmendis, SezeTvisa da
daTvalierebisaTvis.
avtomatis zedmetad xSiri daSla sazianoa, radgan aCqarebs
nawilebisa da meqanizmebis cveTas.
avtomatis daSla da awyoba unda moxdes magidaze an sufTa
safenze; nawilebi da meqanizmebi unda daiwyos daSlis
TanmimdevrobiT. aucilebelia maTTan frTxili mopyroba, ar
daiSveba maTi erTimeoreze dawyoba da zedmeti Zalisa da
mkveTri dartymis gamoyeneba. avtomatis awyobisas unda moxdes
misi nawilebis nomerTa Sedareba; yoveli avtomatis lulis
kolofis nomeri unda esadagebodes gazis milakis, saketis
CarCos, saketis, lulis kolofis saxuravisa da sxva nawilebis
nomrebs.
daSlisa da awyobis swavleba sabrZolo avtomatebze
dasaSvebia mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, nawilebTan da
meqanizmebTan mopyrobis gansakuTrebuli sifrTxilis dacviT.


6. avtomatis arasruli daSlis wesi


nax. 3. savazne kolofis moxsna
10
1) savazne kolofis moxsna. marcxena xeliT daviWiroT
avtomati kondaxis yeliT an saluliT, marjvena xeli
CavWidoT savazne kolofs (nax.3); ceris saketelaze daWeriT
gavwioT savazne kolofis qveda nawili win da movxsnaT igi.
amis Semdeg SevamowmoT, xom ar aris vazna savazneSi, risTvisac
davuSvaT gadamyvani dabla, davayenoT avtomatur `AB~ an
erTeul `~ MmdgomareobaSi.
gamovwioT saketis CarCos saxeluri ukan, SevamowmoT savazne,
gavuSvaT saketis CarCos saxeluri ukan, SevamowmoT savazne,
gavuSvaT saketis CarCos saxelurs xeli da davuSvaT Caxmaxi
sabrZolo fexidan.
Ramis samizniani avtomatis daSlisas, savazne kolofis moxnis
Semdeg, unda moixsnas Ramis samizne, risTvisac momWeri
mowyobilobis saxeluri gadaiweva marcxniv da ukan, samizne
avtomats exsneba ukan gadaweviT.
2) sakuTnos penalis gamoReba kondaxis budidan. marjvena
xelis TiTiT CavZiroT budis sarqveli ise, rom penali
zambaris moqmedebis Sedegad gamovides budidan; gavxsnaT penali
da amoviRoT iqidan sawmendela, jagrisi, saxraxnisi da
gamosagdebi, (garda amisa M-is penalSi aris sarWi).
dasakeckondaxiani avtomatis penali moTavsebulia savazne
kolofis CanTis jibeSi.
3) zumbis moxsna. gadavwioT zumbis bolo lulidan ise, rom
misi Tavi gamovides samiznis fuZeze arsebuli sayrdenis
qveSidan, (nax.4a,b) da gamoviRoT zumba. zumbis moxsnis
garTulebisas, dasaSvebia gamosagdebis gamoyeneba, romelic unda
Caidgas zumbis Tavis xvrelSi. zumbis bolo gadavwioT
lulidan da amoviRoT zumba.
4) avtomatze -74 lulis muxruW-kompensatoris moxsna.
gamomgdebiT CavZiroT lulis muxruW-kompensatoris fiqsatori
da saaTis isris sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT mobrunebiT
amovxraxnoT igi samiznis fuZis kuTxviliani Sverilidan
(lulidan). lulis muxruW-kompensatoris metismetad mWidrod
brunvisas dasaSvebia misi mobruneba gamosagdebis (zumbis)
meSveobiT, romelic idgmeba lulis muxruW-kompensatoris
sarkmelSi.
11
5) lulis kolofis saxuravis moxsna. marcxena xeli
CavWidoT kondaxis yels, amave xelis ceri davaWiroT
damabrunebeli meqanizmis mimmarTveli RerZis Sverils, marjvena
xeliT avwioT zeviT lulis kolofis saxuravis ukana nawili
da movxsnaT saxuravi (nax.5).
6) damabrunebeli meqanizmis moxsna. avtomati marcxena xeliT
kondaxis yeliT daviWiroT, damabrunebeli meqanizmis
mimmarTveli RerZi marjvena xeliT gavwioT win misi quslis
lulis kolofis sigrZivi kilodan gamosvlamde; avwioT
mimmarTveli RerZis ukana bolo (nax.6) da gamoviRoT
damabrunebeli meqanizmi saketis CarCos arxidan.


nax. 4. zumbis moxsna a. AKM, b. -74


nax. 5. lulis kolofis saxuravis moxsna
12

nax. 6. damabrunebeli meqanizmis moxsna

7) saketis CarCos saketianad moxsna. gviWiravs ra avtomati
marcxena xeliT, marjvenaTi gamovwioT saketis CarCo bolomde
ukan, amoviRoT igi saketTan erTad (nax.7) da movxsnaT lulis
kolofidan.
8) saketis moxsna saketis CarCodan. aviRoT saketis CarCo
marcxena xelSi saketiT zeviT (nax.8); marjvena xeliT
gadavwioT saketi ukan, movabrunoT ise, rom wamyvani Sverili
gamovides saketis CarCos figuruli Wrilidan da gavwioT
saketi win.

nax. 7. saketis CarCos moxsna saketTan erTad

nax. 8. saketis moxsna saketis CarCodan
13
9) gazis milakis moxsna lulis zesadebTan erTad. avtomati
davikavoT marcxena xeliT, sakuTnos penali marTkuTxedi
xvreliT marjvena xeliT CamovacvaT gazis milakis Camketis
Sverilze, movabrunoT Camketi Cvengan vertikalur
mdgomareobamde (nax.9) da movxsnaT gazis milaki gazis kameris
milyelidan.


nax. 9. gazis milakis mobruneba sakuTnos penalis meSveobiT


7. avtomatis awyobis wesi arasruli daSlis
Semdeg

1) lulis zesadebiani gazis milakis mierTeba. marcxena
xeliT daviWiroT avtomati, marjvenaTi gazis milaki wina
boloTi CamovacvaT gazis kameris milyelze da lulis
zesadebis ukana bolo mWidrod mivaWiroT lulaze; sakuTnos
penalis meSveobiT Camketi movabrunoT Cvenken misi fiqsatoris
samiznis kalapotis amonaWerSi Sesvlamde.
2) saketis mierTeba saketis CarCosTan. aviRoT saketis CarCo
marcxena xelSi, xolo saketi marjvenaSi da igi cilindruli
nawiliT CarCos arxSi CavsvaT; movabrunoT saketi ise, rom misi
14
wamyvani Sverili Sevides saketis CarCos figurul WrilSi da
gavwioT saketi win.
3) saketis CarCos saketianad mierTeba lulis kolofTan.
daviWiroT saketis CarCo marjvena xelSi ise, rom ceris
meSveobiT saketi wina mdgomareobaSi gavaCeroT. marcxena xeli
movWidoT kondaxis yels, marjvenaTi SeviyvanoT gazis dguSi
samiznis kalapotis RruSi da gavwioT saketis CarCo win
imdenad, rom lulis kolofis gadanakeci Sevides saketis
CarCos kiloSi, mcire ZaldatanebiT mivaWiroT igi lulis
kolofs da gavwioT win.
4) damabrunebeli meqanizmis mierTeba. marjvena xeliT
SeviyvanoT damabrunebeli meqanizmi saketis CarCos arxSi.
SevkumSoT damabrunebeli zambara, gavwioT mimmarTvelis RerZi
win da ramdenadme dabla daSvebiT, SeviyvanoT qusli lulis
kolofis sigrZiv kiloSi.
5) lulis kolofis saxuravis mierTeba. lulis kolofis
saxuravi wina boloTi CavsvaT samiznis kalapotze arsebul
naxevrad mrgval WrilSi; marjvena xelis gulariT davawveT
saxuravis ukana bolos win da qveviT ise, rom damabrunebeli
meqanizsmis mimmarTveli RerZis Sverili Sevides lulis
kolofis saxuravis xvrelSi.
6) Caxmaxis daSveba sabrZolo fexidan da mcvelze dayeneba.
davaWiroT sasxlet kauWs da avwioT gadamyvani bolomde zeviT.
7) avtomatze (-74) lulis muxruW-kompensatoris
mierTeba. bolomde davxraxnoT lulis muxruW-kompensatori
samiznis fuZis kuTxvilian Sverilze (lulaze). Tu lulis
muxruW-kompensatoris kilo ar daemTxva fiqsators,
aucilebelia lulis muxruW-kompensatoris mobruneba (ara
umetes erTi brunisa), sanam fiqsatori ar daemTxveva kilos.
8) zumbis mierTeba.
9) penalis Casma kondaxis budeSi. CavawyoT sawmendela,
jagrisi, saxraxnisi da gamosagdebi penalSi da davaxuroT
Tavsaxuri, CavsvaT penali fskeris kondaxis budeSi (nax.10) da
CavZiroT igi ise, rom bude daifaros TavsaxuriT.
dasakeckondaxiani avtomatis penali inaxeba savazne kolofis
CanTis jibeSi.
15

nax. 10. sakuTnos penalis Casma kondaxis budeSi

10) savazne kolofis mierTeba avtomatze. marcxena xeliT
daviWiroT avtomati kondaxis yeliT an saluliT, marjvenaTi
savazne kolofis CamWidi SeviyvanoT lulis kolofis sarkmelSi
(nax.11) da movabrunoT savazne kolofi Cvenken ise, rom
saketela Sevardes savazne kolofis sayrdeni Sverilis ukan.


nax. 11. savazne kolofis mierTeba
16
Ramis samizniani avtomatis awyobisas savazne kolofis
mierTebis Semdeg masze unda mivamagroT RamiT srolis
universaluri samizne () : aviRoT avtomati saluliT,
SevuTavsoT samiznis momWeri mowyobilobis kilo iaraRis
Tamasas. rodesac davrwmundebiT, rom momWeri mowyobilobis
saxeluri ukana mdgomareobaSia, gavwioT samizne bolomde win
da davamagroT igi saxeluris bolomde win mobrunebiT.


8. avtomatis sruli daSlis wesi:
1) movaxdinoT arasruli daSla, risTvisac vixelmZRvaneloT
me-6 muxliT.
2) davSaloT savazne kolofi. marcxena xeliT aviRoT savazne
kolofi saxuraviT zeviT (amozneqili nawiliT Cvengan);
marjvena xeliT, gamosagdebis meSveobiT, CavZiroT saCeri Tamasis
Sverili savazne kolofis Tavsaxuris xvrelSi, marcxena xelis
ceriT gadavwioT Tavsaxuri cotaTi win. (nax.12)

nax. 12. savazne kolofis Tavsaxuris moxsna

gviWiravs ra saCeri Tamasa marcxena xelis ceriT, marjvena
xeliT movxsnaT korpuss Tavsaxuri, TandaTan gavaTavisufloT
zambara da gamoviRoT igi savazne kolofis korpusidan saCer
TamasasTan da mimwodebelTan erTad; gamovacalkevoT
mimwodebeli zambarisagan.
17
3) damabrunebeli meqanizmis daSla. marcxena xeliT aviRoT
damabrunebeli meqanizmi, davdgaT mimmarTveli RerZi qusliT
vertikalurad qveviT magidaze an sayrdenze, SevkumSoT
damabrunebeli zambara qveviT, marjvena xeliT gavwioT moZravi
RerZis boloebi da movxsnaT quro (nax.13); movxsnaT zambara
mimmarTveli RerZidan; ganvacalkevoT moZravi RerZi mimmarTveli
RerZisagan.

nax. 13. damabrunebeli meqanizmis quros moxsna

4) saketis daSla. gamosagdebiT gamovagdoT sarWi, romelsac
damrtymeli da gamomgdebis RerZi uWiravs (nax.14) da gamoviRoT
damrtymeli saketis arxidan; gamosagdebiT gamovagdoT
gamomgdebis RerZi. marjvena xelis ceriT avWimoT gamomgdebis
CamWidi (saketis centridan), SevakaoT igi saCvenebeli TiTiT da
gamomgdebi zambarianad gamoviRoT saketis kilodan.


nax. 14. sarWis gamogdeba gamomgdebisa da damrtymelis
moxsnisas saketidan
18
5) damrtymel_sasxleti meqanizmis daSla: (daSla da awyoba
xorcieldeba oficris an instruqtoris xelmZRvanelobiT).
_ movxsnaT erTeuli cecxlis Semkavebeli, kavis Semnelebeli
da sasxleti kauWi. marcxena xeliT daviWiroT avtomati
lulis kolofiT, marjvenaTi gamosagdebis meSveobiT, davaWiroT
TviTsasxletis berkets da gavacalkeoT TviTsasxletis
Semkavebeli Caxmaxisagan; davuSvaT Caxmaxi sabrZolo fexidan;
gamosagdebis wvrili boloTi avwioT sabrZolo zambaris
marcxena bolo da TiTebiT gadaviyvanoT igi Caxmaxis sabrZolo
fexis ukan;
TandaTan amovaZroT gamosagdebi, marcxena xelis TiTebiT
amoviRoT erTeuli cecxlis Semkavebeli, misi zambara,
Semkaveblis zambara da Semkaveblis kavi; avwioT sabrZolo
zambaris marjvena bolo da TiTebiT gadaviyvanoT igi Caxmaxis
sabrZolo fexis ukan (nax. 15).


nax. 15. sabrZolo zambaris marjvena bolos gadayvana
Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexis ukan

marcxena xelis saCvenebeli TiTi mivaWiroT sasxlet kauWs
qvevidan, wamovwioT sasxleti kauWi zeviT da marjvena xeliT
amoviRoT igi lulis kolofidan (nax.16).
19

nax. 16. sasxleti kauWis amoReba lulis kolofidan

_ movxsnaT kavi: avtodamSvebis zambaris grZel bolos
davawveT saxraxnis iT da gamoviRoT igi rgoluri
gaCarxvidan.
_ movxsnaT Caxmaxi: TviTsasxleti zambaris grZel boloze
saxraxnisis daWeriT, gamoviyvanoT TviTsasxleti Caxmaxis
RerZis wriuli Raridan da gamosagdebiT gadavwioT Caxmaxis
RerZi marcxniv; gviWiravs ra Caxmaxi marjvena xeliT,
marcxenaTi gamoviRoT Caxmaxis RerZi, movabrunoT igi ise, rom
marcxena poWoWiki mimarTuli iyos savaznis mxares da
gamoviRoT Caxmaxi lulis kolofidan (nax.17); movxsnaT
Caxmaxidan sabrZolo zambara.

nax. 17. Caxmaxis amoReba savazne kolofidan
20
_ movxsnaT avtodamSvebi: gamosagdebiT marcxniv gavwioT
avtodamSvebis RerZi da gamoviRoT igi, amoviRoT avtodamSvebi
(nax. 18) mWidis sarkmlidan da gavacalkeoT isini.


nax. 18. avtodamSvebis zambarianad moxsna lulis kolofidan

_ movxsnaT gadamyvani: avwioT gadamyvani zeda vertikalur
mdgomareobamde, gavwioT marjvniv da movaciloT lulis
kolofs.
6) salulis moxsna (salule ixseneba iSviaT SemTxvevaSi:
sawyobis zeTis mocilebisas, avtomatis wyalSi moxvedris
Semdeg da sxv.). aviRoT avtomati marcxena xelSi saluliT,
marjvenaTi saxraxnisis an sakuTnos penalis meSveobiT
movabrunoT salulis Camketi naxevarbruniT win: orive xelis
ceriT (nax. 19) gadavwioT SemaerTebeli quro salulidan gazis
kameramde; gavwioT salule win da movxsnaT igi lulidan.


nax. 19. SemaerTebeli quros gadaweva
21
9. avtomatis awyobis wesi sruli daSlis
Semdeg
1) salulis mierTeba. avtomati marcxena xeliT daviWiroT
lulis kolofiT, marjvenaTi mivadoT salule lulas qvemodan
da mivwioT igi lulis kolofisaken ise, rom salulis Sverili
Sevides lulis kolofis budeSi; mivaWiroT salule lulis
kolofs, CamovwioT SemaerTebeli quro saluleze da
mivabrunoT Camketi naxevarbruniT ukan.
2) damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis awyoba. (damrtymel-
sasxleti meqanizmis awyobis win, sxva avtomatis nawilebTan
misi nawilebis arevis gamosaricxad, aucilebelia SevamowmoT
erTeuli cecxlis Semkaveblis, sasxletis kauWis, Semneleblis,
kavisa da TviTsasxletis nomrebi).
_ mivaerToT gadamyvani: gvikavia ra avtomati marcxena xeliT,
marjvenaTi gadamyvanis seqtori kaviT SevitanoT lulis
kolofSi ise, rom poWoWikebi Sevides lulis kolofis
kedlebis RarSi, davayenoT avtomati `~ mdgomareobaSi;
_ mivaerToT TviTsasxleti: CavsvaT zambaris mokle bolo
TviTsasxletis Sverilis xvrelSi da savazne kolofis
sarkmlis gavliT SeviyvanoT TviTsasxleti zambarasTan erTad
lulis kolofSi, davayenoT TviTsasxletis berketi Tavis
adgilze da SeviyvanoT gamosagdebi marjvnidan TviTsasxletis
RerZisa da zambarisaTvis arsebul xvrelSi; marjvena xeliT
daviWiroT TviTsasxleti zambarasTan erTad, marcxenaTi
CavsvaT RerZi (nax. 20).


nax. 20. TviTsasxletis RerZis Casma
22
_ mivaerToT Caxmaxi: CamovacvaT sabrZolo zambara Caxmaxis
poWoWokebze maryuJiT sabrZolo fexis mxridan (nax. 21) da
gadaviyvanoT misi boloebi Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexis ukan;
daviWiroT Caxmaxi da zambaris boloebi marjvena xelis
TiTebiT, CavsvaT Caxmaxis lulis kolofSi marcxena poWoWikiT
savaznis mxares da SevuTavsoT misi xvrelebi lulis kolofis
Sesabamis xvrelebs;


nax. 21. sabrZolo zambaris mdgomareoba Caxmaxze

gamosagdebi msxvili boloTi marjvnidan SeviyvanoT lulis
kolofisa da Caxmaxis xvrelebSi, saxraxnisiT mivaWiroT
TviTsasxletis zambaris grZeli bolo lulis kolofis
fskerze da gamosagdebi gavwioT win, lulis kolofis marcxena
xvrelSi gasvlamde; daviWiroT Caxmaxi marjvena xeliT,
marcxnidan CavsvaT Caxmaxis RerZi, gavwioT igi bolomde
marjvniv (unda gaismas tkacani); marjvena xelis TiTebiT
movxsnaT sabrZolo zambaris marjvena bolo Caxmaxis sabrZolo
fexidan da CavwioT igi lulis kolofis fskerze.
_ mivaerToT sasxlet kauWze erTeuli cecxlis Semkavebeli
da sasxleti kavis Semnelebeli: avawyoT sasxleti meqanizmis
kvanZi: marcxena xelSi aviRoT sasxleti kauWi, mivuerToT mas
Caxmaxis Semnelebeli da marjvena xeliT gavwioT milisebri
RerZi Semneleblisa da marjvena kedelSi arsebuli xvrelebis
gavliT. marcxena xelis TiTebiT daviWiroT milisebri RerZi da
ar davuSvaT misi marjvniv gadaxra, movaTavsoT Semneleblis
zambara sasxleti kauWis kedlebs Soris grZeli boloTi maRla
da win; SevuTavsoT zambaris xvreli sasxleti kauWis marjvena
kedelSi arsebul xvrels, gavwioT milisebri RerZi marcxniv;
23
CavsvaT zambara erTeuli cecxlis Semkaveblis xvrelSi;
Semkavebel zambarasTan erTad marjvena xeliT movaTavsoT
sasxleti kauWis marcxena kedelsa da Semneleblis zambaras
Soris ise, rom Semkaveblis zambaris qveda bolo Sevides
sasxleti kauWis RruSi; marcxena xelis ceriT mivaWiroT
Semkavebeli sasxleti kauWis Rrus fskerze, SevuTavsoT
erTmaneTs Semkavebeli da sasxleti kauWis marcxena kedelSi
arsebuli xvrelebi, gavwioT milisebri RerZi manam, sanam misi
Tavi ar miebjineba Semneleblis kedels; gamosagdebis meSveobiT
SeviyvanoT zambaris grZeli bolo Semneleblis saketelas
kiloSi;
_ mivaerToT sasxleti meqanizmis kvanZi: movaTavsoT sasxleti
meqanizmis kvanZi lulis kolofSi Tavis adgilze, gamosagdebiT
gavwioT sabrZolo zambaris marjvena bolo zeviT da davdoT
igi sasxleti kauWis marTkuTxa Sverilze; lulis kolofis
marcxena mxridan CavsvaT sasxleti kauWis RerZi, gavwioT igi
marjvniv lulis kolofis xvrelisa da milisebri RerZis
gavliT bolomde (amasTan, TviTsasxleti zambaris grZeli bolo
unda mdebareobdes RerZis zemoT); gamosagdebiT SeviyvanoT
TviTsasxletis zambaris grZeli bolo sasxleti kauWis RerZis
rgolisebr RarSi; marjvena xelis TiTebiT movxsnaT sabrZolo
zambaris bolo Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexidan da movaTavsoT igi
sasxleti kauWis marTkuTxa Sverilze; TviTsasxletis Caxmaxisa
da sasxleti kauWis RerZebis boloebze gamosagdebis daWeriT
SevamowmoT TviTsasxletis zambaris grZeli boloTi RerZebis
CaWedva.
3) saketis awyoba. zambariani gamomgdebi CavdgaT saketis
kiloSi da mivadoT gamomgdebis saTavo nawili raime sayrdens;
gamomgdebze daWeriT CavsvaT gamomgdebis RerZi saketis wamyvani
Sverilis qveS mdebare xvrelSi ise, rom RerZze arsebuli
amonaWeri mimarTul iyos saketis cilindruli nawilis mxares;
marcxena xeliT aviRoT saketi wamyvani SveriliT zeviT, xolo
cilindruli nawiliT Cvenken da SeviyvanoT damrtymelis
saketis arxSi didi amonaWeriT zeviT. wamyvanis Sverilis
mxridan saketis xvrelSi CavsvaT sarWi da bolomde gavwioT
igi.
24
4) damabrunebeli meqanizmebis awyoba: mivabjinoT mimmarTveli
RerZis qusli magidas (sayrdens); CamovacvaT zambara mimmarTvel
RerZze da SevkumSoT igi imdenad, rom mimmarTveli RerZis
bolo gamovides zambaridan; marcxena xeliT daviWiroT zambara,
marjvenaTi gavwioT moZravi RerZis boloebi, gavuyaroT erT-
erTi maTgani warmoqmnil maryuJSi da gavuSvaT zambara moZrav
RerZSi (nax. 22);


nax. 22. damabrunebeli meqanizmis awyoba
CavsvaT quro moZravi RerZis boloebs Soris, marcxena xeliT
SevkumSoT zambara, marjvenaTi gadaviyvanoT moZravi RerZi
vertikalur mdgomareobaSi, ris Semdegac nela gavuSvaT zambara
quroze mis mibjenamde.

5) savazne kolofis awyoba. mivaerToT mimwodebeli savazne
kolofis zambarasTan, zambaris Tavisufali bolos pirveli
xveulis mimwodeblis nakecis qveS SeyvaniT; CavsvaT savazne
kolofis korpusSi mimwodebel zambarasTan erTad; CavZiroT
saCeri Tamasa korpusSi da daviWerT ra mas aseT mdgomareobaSi,
CamovacvaT savazne kolofis sarqveli mis korpusze ise, rom
igi Tavisi satacebiT mimagrdes korpusis nakecebze, xolo
saCeri Tamasis Sverili Sevardes sarqvelis korpusSi (unda
gaismas tkacani).
6) Semdgomi awyobisas vixelmZRvaneloT me-7 muxliT.


25
10. xiSt-danis mierTeba da moxsna

1) xiSt-danis mierTeba. amoviRoT xiSt-dana qarqaSidan.
marcxena xeliT avtomati daviWiroT lulis zesadebiT da
saluliT, samizniT marcxniv. marjvena xeliT xiSt-dana
daviWiroT saxeluriT, CamovacvaT igi samiznis fuZis sayrdenze
kiloebiT (nax. 23 a. M, b. -74), xolo -74-ze rgoliT
muxruW-kompensatoris salule gvirgvinze saketelas mTlianad
daxurvamde.
2) xiSt-danis moxsna. marcxena xeliT aviRoT avtomati,
gadaviyvanoT igi vertikalur mdgomareobaSi; daviWiroT xiSt-
danis saxeluri marjvena xelis saCvenebeli da Sua TiTebiT,
amave xelis ceriT davaWiroT saketelas (nax. 24 a. M, b. -
74) da movxsnaT avtomats xiSt-dana da CavdoT xiSt-dana
qarqaSSi.


nax. 23. xiSt-danis mierTeba nax. 24. xiSt-danis moxsna
a. M; b. -74; a. M; b. -74;


26
Tavi III

avtomatis nawilebisa da meqanizmebis,
sakuTnosa da vaznebis daniSnuleba,
mowyobiloba

avtomatis nawilebisa da meqanizmebis
daniSnuleba da mowyobiloba

11. lulis (nax. 25) daniSnulebaa tyviisaTvis frenis
mimarTulebis micema. lulas SigniT gaaCnia arxi oTxi naWdeviT,
romlebic exveva marcxnidan zemoT da marjvniv. naWdevebs Soris
Sualedebs mindvrebi ewodeba. or mopirdapire mindors Soris
manZils (diametriT) ewodeba lulis arxis kalibri; M
avtomatSi igi udris 7,62 mm xolo -74-Si 5,45 mm. bolo
nawilSi arxi gluvia da aqvs masris forma; arxis am nawilSi
Tavsdeba vazna da amitom mas savazne ewodeba.
savaznidan lulis arxis naWdevian nawilSi gadasasvlels
ewodeba tyviis Sesasvleli.
garedan M avtomatis lulas aqvs kuTxviliani samiznis
fuZe kompensatoris (-74-s lulis muxruW-kompensatoris)
daxraxnisaTvis da milisebi, fuWi vaznebiT srolisaTvis;
gazgamyvani xvreli, gazis kamera, SemaerTebeli quro, koris
kalapoti da amonaWeri ukana QWrilze gamomgdebis CasaWidad.
samiznis fuZe, gazis kamera da koris kalapoti lulaze
wkirebis meSveobiT aris damagrebuli.

nax. 25. lula (orive iaraRisaTvis)
a. avtomatis lulis gare xedi; b. saxazino nawili WrilSi;
g. lulis kveTi;
1. kuTxviliani nawili; 2. tyviis Sesasvleli; 3. savazne; 4. xraxni;
5. samiznis fuZe; 6. gazis kamera; 7. SemaerTebeli quro; 8. koris
kalapoti; 9. amonaWeri lulis wkirisaTvis.
27
avtomatis (M) lulis kompensatoris (nax. 26)
daniSnulebaa tyviis moxvedris SequCebulobis gazrda aramyari
poziciebidan (moZraobaSi, adgilidan, dgomela da Coqela
mdgomareobebidan) avtomaturi jerebiT srolisas. mas aqvs
cilindruli nawili kompensatoris lulaze Casaxraxnad da
wamonazardi ganivi WriliT. cilindrul nawilze ukan aqvs
amonaWeri, romelSic Sedis fiqsatori, romelic aCerebs
kompensators lulaze ukana mdgomareobaSi.
Sverilis SigniT gakeTebulia gaCarxva. lulis arxidan tyviis
gamovardnis Semdeg, denTis airebi, romlebic xvdeba
kompensaciis kameraSi, warmoqmnis maRal wnevas, rac avtomatis
lulis tuCs, gasrolis mimarTulebiT (marcxniv_dabla)
gadaxris. garedan Sverils aqvs T-sebri Wrili, lulis
wmendisas sakuTnos penalis Sesakaveblad.
avtomatis (-74) lulis muxruW-kompensatoris (nax .27)
daniSnulebaa tyviis moxvedris SequCebulobis gazrda da
ukucemis energiis Semcireba. mas aqvs ori saTavsi _ wina da
ukana (maTSi mrgvali xvreliT tyviis gamosafrenad). wina
saTavss aqvs gvirgvini, romelzec ecmeva xiSt-danis rgoli misi
avtomatTan mierTebisas, marTkuTxa kilo, romelSic Sedis
xiSt-danis Sverili da ori sarkmeli denTis airis
gamosasvlelad. ukana saTavss win aqvs ori naprali, xolo Sua
nawilSi sami sakompensacio xvreli denTis airis
gamosasvlelad. ukan lulis muxruW-kompensators aqvs SigniTa
kuTxvili samiznis fuZeze dasaxraxnad, amonaWeri, romelSic
Sedis fiqsatori da wriuli cerobi, zumbis Cadgmisa da
amoRebis gasaioleblad.

nax. 26. samiznis fuZe
a,b. M; g. -74;
1. sabjeni zumbisa da xiSt-danisaTvis; 2. cocia niSniT; 3. niSnis
mcveli; 4. fiqsatori; 5. lulis quro. nax. a. (kuTxvili lulis
muxruW-kompensatoris dasaxraxnad nax. g); 6. kompensatori.
28


nax. 27. lulis muxruW-kompensatori
1. gvirgvini; 2. sarkmlebi; 3. naprali; 4. sakompensacio xvrelebi;
5. amonaWeri fiqsatorisaTvis; 6. cerobi; 7. SigniTa kuTxvili.

samiznis fuZes (nax. 26) aqvs sayrdeni zumbisaTvis da xiSt-
danis saxelurisaTvis, xvreli samiznis TavkavisaTvis, samiznis
mcveli da zambariani fiqsatori.
fiqsatori akavebs kompensators (muxruW-kompensators),
qurosa da miliss (fuWi vaznebiT) srolisas TviTneburi
amoxraxnisagan.
gazis kameris daniSnulebaa denTis gazis mimarTva lulidan
saketis CarCos gazis dguSze. mas aqvs gazgamyvani xvreli,
milyeli arxiT gazis dguSisaTvis da denTis gazis
gamosasvleli xvreliT.
SemaerTebeli quros daniSnulebaa avtomatTan salulis
mierTeba. mas gaaCnia salulis Camketi, qamris rgolaki da
xvreli zumbisaTvis.
lula wkiris meSveobiT SeerTebulia lulis kolofTan da
ar exsneba mas.
12. lulis kolofi (nax. 28) aris avtomatis nawilebisa da
meqanizmebis SemaerTebeli nawili, misi daniSnulebaa saketiT
lulis arxis daxurvisa da saketis Carazvis uzrunvelyofa.
lulis kolofSi Tavsdeba damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmi.
zemodan kolofs exureba saxuravi.

29

nax. 28. lulis kolofi
1. amonaWeri; 2. amrekli Sverili; 3. gadanakecebi; 4. mimmarTveli
Sverili; 5. zRudari; 6. sigrZivi kilo; 7. ganivi kilo; 8. savazne
kolofis saketela; 9. sasxleti kavi; 10. pistoletis saxeluri;
11. kondaxi;

lulis kolofs gaaCnia:
- SigniT - amonaWrebi saketis Casarazad, romelTa ukana
kedlebic warmoadgendnen sabrZolo sabjenebs; gadanakecebi da
mimmarTveli Sverilebi - saketebis CarCosa da saketis
moZraobis mimarTvisaTvis; amreklavi Sverili - masrebis
areklisaTvis; zRudari - gverdiTi kedlebis gasamagreblad;
Sverili - savazne kolofis Sesakaveblad da TiTo ovaluri
Sverili - gverdiT kedlebze savazne kolofis mimarTvisaTvis.
- ukan zemodan - kiloebi; sagrZivi - damabrunebeli meqanizmis
mimmarTveli RerZis quslisaTvis da ganivi savazne kolofis
sarqvelisaTvis; kudi xvreliT - lulis kolofTan kondaxis
misamagreblad.
- gverdiT kedlebSi oTx-oTxi xvreli;
maTgan sami damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmisaTvis, xolo
meoTxe gadamyvanis poWoWikebisaTvis; marjvena kedelze - ori
mafiqsirebeli amonaWeri - gadamyvanis dasayeneblad avtomatur
(AB) da erTeul (O) cecxlze.
- qvemoT - sarkmeli savazne kolofisaTvis da sarkmeli
sasxleti kauWisaTvis.
- garda amisa, dasakeckondaxian avtomats gaaCnia xvrelebi
fiqsatorisa da kondaxis saketelasaTvis.
lulis kolofze mimagrebulia: kondaxi rgolkaviT,
pistoletis saxeluri da sasxleti kavi savazne kolofis
30
saketelaTi. Ramis samiznian avtomatebs marcxena gverdiT
kedelze mimagrebuli aqvT Ramis samiznis misaerTebeli Tamasa.
13. samizne mowyobilobis daniSnulebaa avtomatis damizneba
sxvadasxva manZilze myof miznebSi. igi Sedgeba korisa da
samiznisagan.
kora (nax.29) Sedgeba koris kalapotisagan, firfitisebri
zambarisagan, samizne Tamasisa da CarCikisagan.

nax. 29. kora
1. koris kalapoti; 2. seqtori; 3. samiznis Tamasa; 4. CarCiki
(caluRi); 5. samiznis Tamasis fafari; 6. CarCikis (caluRis) saketela.

samiznis kalapots aqvs: ori seqtori _ samizne TamasisaTvis
garkveuli simaRlis misacemad, yunwebi _ samizne Tamasis
dasamagreblad, xvrelebi _ wkirisa da gazis milakis
CamketisaTvis;
SigniT bude _ firfitisebri zambarisaTvis da foso _
saketis CarCosaTvis; ukana kedelze naxevradmrgvali
amonaWeri, lulis kolofis sarqvelisaTvis. samiznis kalapoti
Camocmulia lulaze da damagrebelia wkiriT.
firfitisebri zambara moTavsebulia samiznis kalapotis
budeSi da iWers samizne Tamasas micemul mdgomareobaSi.
samizne Tamasas gaaCnia fafari WriliT damiznebisaTvis da
amonaWrebi zambariani saketelas meSveobiT dayenebul
mdgomareobaSi CarCikis Sesakaveblad, samizne Tamasaze avtomats
zemodan aqvs skala danayofebiT Idan 10mde; skalis cifrebi
aRniSnaven srolis siSores aseul metrebSi. avtomats, garda
amisa, samizne Tamasaze aqvs niSani `II~ _ koris mudmivi dayeneba,
rac daaxloebiT M avtomatze Seesabameba kora 3-s, xolo
-74-ze kora 4-s.
31
CarCiki Camocmulia samizne Tamasaze da micemul
mdgomareobaSi saketelas meSveobiT Cerdeba. saketelas gaaCnia
kbili, romelic zambaris zemoqmedebiT Sevardeba samizne Tamasis
amonaWerSi.
samizne Caxraxnilia TavkavSi, romelic damagrebulia samiznis
fuZeze. Tavkavsa da samiznis fuZeze aRniSnulia samiznis
mdgomareobis ganmsazRvreli niSnebi.
avtomats ukeTdeba RamiT da SezRuduli xedvis pirobebSi
srolis mowyobiloba (TviTmnaTi sacmebi). igi Sedgeba: farTo
ganaWeriani dasakeci samarjvisagan, romelic yendeba samizne
Tamasis SemzRudvelze; da farTo samiznisagan, romelic zemodan
ecmeva iaraRis samiznes. mowyobilobis samarjvsa da samizne
aRniSnulia TviTmnaTi wertilebi.
axali nimuSis mowyobilobaze aRniSnulia TviTmnaTi zolebi:
ori forizontalurad ganlagebuli samarjvze da erTi
vertikalurad ganlagebuli _ samizneze.
mowyobiloba RamiT srolisaTvis ukeTdeba avtomats da
mowmdeba misi miRebisas jarebSi.
dRisiT srolisas mowyobilobis samarjvi da samizne ikeceba
qveviT. am mdgomareobaSi isini ar uSlis xels avtomatis
samizne mowyobilobis gamoyenebas. RamiT da SezRuduli
xilvadobis pirobebSi srolisas, mowyobilobis samarjvi
brundeba maRla samizne Tamasis SemzRudvelTan Sexebamde, xolo
mowyobilobis samizne zambariT gadaiweva maRla da ecmeva
samiznes.
14. lulis kolofis saxuravi (nax.30) daWuWyianebisagan icavs
lulis kolofSi moTavsebul nawilebsa da meqanizmebs. marjvena
mxridan mas aqvs safexurebrivi amonakveTi masrebis gareT
gamosavardnad da saketis CarCos saxeluris samoZraveblad. ukan
_ Riobi meqanizmis mimmarTveli RerZis SverilisaTvis.


nax. 30. lulis kolofis saxuravi
1. safexurebrivi amonakveTi; 2. naxvreti; 3. simagris wiboebi.

lulis kolofze saxuravi magrdeba samiznis kalapotze
arsebuli naxevrad mrgvali amonaWeris, lulis kolofis
32
sigrZivi kilosa da damabrunebeli meqanizmis mimmarTveli
RerZis Sverilis meSveobiT.
15. kondaxi da pistoletis saxeluri saWiroa srolisas
avtomatis moxerxebuli gamoyenebisaTvis.
AKM da -74 avtomatebis (nax. 31.(1) da 31.(2)) mudmiv
kondaxs gaaCnia rgolkavi qamrisaTvis, bude _ sakuTnos
penalisaTvis da firfita budis saxuraviT. kondaxis budeSi
damagrebulia zambara penalis gamosagdebad.

nax. 31 (1). AKM-is kondaxi da pistoletis saxeluri
a. mudmivi xis kondaxi (WrilSi); b. dasakeci kondaxi gadaxsnil
mdgomareobaSi; g. dasakeci kondaxi daSlil mdgomareobaSi; 1. qamris
rgolkavi; 2. bude sakuTnos penalisaTvis; 3. kondaxis firfita;
4. sarqveli; 5. sakuTnos penalis gamomgdebi zambara; 6. sawevrebi;
7. mxris sabjeni; 8. SemaerTebeli milisi; 9. WanWiki; 10. kondaxis
fiqsatori; 11. SemaerTebeli RerZi; 12. sayeluri qamris rgolkaviT;
13. CaCi; 14. zambara; 15. sarWebi; 16. pistoletis saxeluri.
33

nax. 31 (2). -74-is kondaxi da pistoletis saxeluri
a. mudmivi xis kondaxi (WrilSi); b. dasakeci kondaxi gadaxsnil
mdgomareobaSi; g. dasakeci kondaxi dakecil mdgomareobaSi; 1. qamris
rgolkavi; 2. bude sakuTnos penalisaTvis; 3. kondaxis firfita;
4. sarqveli; 5. sakuTnos penalis gamomgdebi zambara; 6. kondaxis
fiqsatori; 7. kondaxis saketela; 8. zeda sawevi; 9. qveda sawevi;
10. mWidi; 11. buniki; 12. RerZi; 13. pistoletis saxeluri; 14. CarCos
samiznis misaerTebeli Tamasa.
34
AKMC avtomatis dasakeci kondaxi (nax.31a) Sedgeba ori
sawevrisagan, mxris sabjenisagan, SemaerTebeli milisasagan
WanWikiT, kondaxis ori fiqsatorisagan_SemaerTebeli RerZiT,
sayelurisagan _ qamris rgolkaviT, CaCisagan, zambarebisa da
sami sarWisagan. sawevrebi _ Tavisi yurebiT da sayeluri
Camocmulia kondaxis SemaerTebel milisaze da damagrebulia
WanWikiT. sawevris yurebs aqvT or-ori Rari kondaxis
fiqsatoris SverilebisaTvis, romlebic aCerebs kondaxs
gaxsnil an dakecil mdgomareobaSi. kondaxis fiqsatorebi
erTmaneTTan SeerTebulia SemaerTebeli Reros saSualebiT da
CaCze daWerisas gadaadgildeba marjvniv, xolo zambarebis
zemoqmedebiT marcxniv.
avtomat -74-is dasakeci kondaxi (nax.31b) Sedgeba zeda
da qveda sawevrebisagan, firfitisagan, mWidisa da bunikisagan,
romlebic SeerTebulia erTmaneTTan SeduRebis meSveobiT.
kondaxis marjvena mxares, mWidze, moTavsebulia qamris
rgolkavi. gadaxsnil mdgomareobaSi kondaxs ikavebs fiqsatori,
xolo dakecil mdgomareobaSi sakecela.
kondaxis dasakecad fiqsatori unda CavZiroT (amasTan,
fiqsatori gamova kondaxis bunikTan CaWidvis mdgomarebidan) da
movabrunoT kondaxi marcxniv RerZis garSemo, kondaxis
damagrebamde saketelaTi, romelic moTavsebulia lulis
kolofis marcxena kedelze.
kondaxis gadasaxsnelad unda gadavwioT saketela ukan da
movabrunoT kondaxi marjvniv, fiqsatoriT mis damagrebamde.


16. saketis CarCos gazis dguSi (nax.32) gadascems
moZraobas sakets da damrtymel-sasxlet meqanizms.


nax. 32 saketis CarCo gazis dguSiT
1. arxi saketisaTvis; 2. damcavi Sverili; 3. Sverili TviTsasxletis
berketis daSvebisaTvis; 4. lulis kolofis gadanakecis Rari (kilo);
5. saxeluri; 6. figuruli Wrili; 7. amrekli Sverilis Rari (kilo);
8. gazis dguSi.
35
saketis CarCos gaaCnia: SigniT arxi damabrunebeli
meqanizmisaTvis da arxi saketisaTvis. ukan _ mcveli Sverili.
gverdebSi kiloebi saketis CarCos moZraobisaTvis lulis
kolofis gadanakecebze; marjvena mxridan - Sverili
TviTsasxletis berketis dasaSvebad (mosabruneblad) da
saxeluri avtomatis gadasatenad; qvemodan figuruli Wrili
masSi saketis wamyvani Sverilis mosaTavseblad da kilo lulis
kolofis amrekli Sverilis gasasvlelad. saketis CarCos wina
nawilSi damagrebulia gazis dguSi.
17. saketis (nax.33) daniSnulebaa vaznis miwodeba savazneSi,
lulis arxis Caketva, kafsulis gatexa da savaznidan masris
(vaznis) gamogdeba. igi Sedgeba ConCxisagan, damrtymelisagan,
gamomgdebisagan zambariTa da RerZiT da sarWisagan.


nax. 33. saketi
a. saketis ConCxi; b. damrtymeli; g. gamomgdebi;
1. Wrili masrisaTvis; 2. Wrili gamomgdebisaTvis; 3. wamyvani
Sverili; 4. xvreli gamomgdebis RerZisaTvis; 5. sabrZolo Sverili;
6. ganivi kilo amrekli SverilisaTvis; 7. gamomgdebis zambara;
8. gamomgdebis RerZi; 9. sarWi.

saketis ConCxs gaaCnia: wina Wrilze cilinduli amonaWeri
masris fskerisaTvis da kilo gamomgdebisaTvis; gverdebSi ori
sabrZolo Sverili, romlebic saketis Carazvisas Sedis lulis
kolofis amonaWrebSi. zemodan wamyvani Sverili saketis
mosabruneblad Caketvisa da gaxsnisas; marcxena mxares
sigrZivi kilo lulis kolofis amrekli Sverilis gasasvlelad
36
(Caketvisas saketis mobrunebis uzrunvelsayofad boloSi kilo
gafarToebulia,); saketis CarCos gafarToebul nawilSi
xvrelebis RerZisa da sarWisaTvis. SigniT saketis ConCxs
gaaCnia arxi, damrtymelis mosaTavsebladdamrtymels aqvs
sacemeli da safexuri sarWisaTvis.
zambariani gamomgdebis daniSnulebaa masris gamoReba
savaznidan da misi Sekaveba lulis kolofis amrekl SverilTan
Sexvedramde. gamomgdebs CamWidi masris Casatacad gaaCnia bude
zambarisaTvis da amonaWeri RerZisaTvis.
sarWis daniSnulebaa damrtymelisa da gamomgdebis RerZis
damagreba.
18. damabrunebeli meqanizmis (nax.34) daniSnulebaa saketis
CarCos saketianad dabruneba wina mdgomareobaSi. igi Sedgeba
dasabrunebeli zambarisagan, mimmarTveli RerZisagan, moZravi
RerZisa da qurosagan.
mimmarTvel RerZs ukana boloze gaaCnia sayrdeni
zambarisaTvis, Sverilebiani qusli lulis kolofTan
SesaerTeblad da Sverili, lulis kolofis sarqvelis
Sesakaveblad.
moZrav RerZs wina boloze gaaCnia nakecebi quros
Camosacmelad.


nax. 34. damabrunebeli meqanizmi
1. damabrunebeli zabmara; 2. mimmarTveli RerZi; 3. moZravi RerZi;
4. quro.

19. gazis milaki lulis zesadebiT (nax.35) Sedgeba gazis
milakisagan, wina da ukana SemaerTebeli qurosagan, lulis
zesadebisagan, liTonis naxevarrgolisa da firfitisebri
zambarisagan.
gazis milakis daniSnulebaa gazis dguSis moZraobis
mimarTva. mas gaaCnia mimmarTveli wiboebi. wina boloTi gazis
milaki ecmeva gazis kameris milyelze.

37

nax. 35. gazis milaki lulis zesadebiT
1. gazis milaki; 2. mimmarTveli wiboebi gazis dguSisaTvis; 3. wina
SemaerTebeli quro; 4. lulis zesadebi; 5. ukana SemaerTebeli quro;
6. Sverili; 7. firfitisebri zambara (AKM s ar aqvs)

lulis zesadebis daniSnulebaa srolis dros meavtomatis
xelebis dacva damwvrobisagan. avtomats igi SeiZleba hqondes
xis an plastmasis.
lulis zesadebi damagrebulia gazis milakze wina da ukana
SemaerTebeli quroebis meSveobiT. ukana SemaerTebel quros
gaaCnia Sverili, romelsac eyrdnoba gazis milakis bolo;
firfitisebri zambara gamoricxavs milakis ganiv ryevas.
20. damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis (nax.36) daniSnulebaa
Caxmaxis daSveba sabrZolo an TviTsasxletis fexidan,
damrtymelze dartyma, avtomaturi an erTeuli cecxlis
uzrunvelyofa, srolis Sewyveta, gasrolis Tavidan acileba
gaxsnili saketisas da avtomatis mcvelze dayeneba.
damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmi Tavsdeba lulis kolofSi, sadac
magrdeba sami urTierTSemcvleli RerZiT da Sedgeba sabrZolo
zambariani Caxmaxisagan, zambariani Caxmaxis Semneleblisagan,
sasxleti kauWisagan, zambariani TviTsasxletisagan, gadamyvanisa
da milisebri RerZisagan.
sabrZolo zambariani Caxmaxis daniSnulebaa damrtymelze
dartyma. Caxmaxze moTavsebulia sabrZolo fexi, poWoWikebi da
xvreli RerZisaTvis. sabrZolo zambara ecmeva Caxmaxis
poWoWikebs da Tavisi maryuJiT axdens zemoqmedebas Caxmaxze,
xolo boloebiT sasxleti kauWis marTkuTxa Sverilebze.
Caxmaxis Semneleblis daniSnulebaa Caxmaxis win moZraobis
Seneleba moxvedrebis gaumjobesebis mizniT, myari
mdgomareobidan avtomaturi srolisas gaxsnisas. mas gaaCnia
wina da ukana Sverilebi, xvreli RerZisaTvis, zambara da
saketela.
38

nax. 36. damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis nawilebi
a. Caxmaxi, b. sabrZolo zambara; g. sasxleti kauWi; d. erTeuli
cecxlis Semkavebeli; e. TviTsasxleti. v. TviTsasxletis zambara;
z. gadamyvani; T. RerZebi; i. erTeuli cecxlis Semkaveblis zambara;
k. Caxmaxis Semnelebeli; l. Caxmaxis Semneleblis zambara; m. milisebri
RerZi (AK-74-ze); 1. sabrZolo fexi. 2. TviTsasxletis fexi.
3. gadakecili boloebi; 4. maryuJi. 5. figuruli Wrili; 6. marTkuTxa
Sverilebi; 7. bolo; 8. amonaWeri; 9. Semkavebeli; 10. berketi;
11. saketela; 12. wina Sverili; 13. seqtori; 14. poWoWiki.

sasxleti kauWis daniSnulebaa Caxmaxis Sekaveba
sabrZolo fexze da Caxmaxis daSveba. mas gaaCnia figuruli
Sverili, xvreli RerZisaTvis, marTkuTxa Sverilebi da kudi
Tavisi figuruli SveriliT, romelic akavebs Caxmaxs sabrZolo
fexze.
erTeuli cecxlis Semkaveblis daniSnulebaa gasrolis Semdeg
Caxmaxis Sekaveba ukidures ukana mdgomareobaSi im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu erTeuli cecxliT srolisas sasxleti ar iqna gaSvebuli.
igi ganTavsebulia erT RerZze sasxlet kauWTan. erTeulis
cecxlis Semkavebels gaaCnia zambara, xvreli RerZisaTvis da
amonaWeri, romelSic Sedis gadamyvanis seqtori avtomaturi
cecxliT srolisas da Wedavs Semkavebels. amas garda, amonaWeri
zRudavs seqtoris win mobrunebas gadamyvanis mcvelze
dayenebisas.
39
TviTsasxletis daniSnulebaa jeriT srolisas Caxmaxis
gaTavisufleba TviTsasxletis fexidan, agreTve daSvebis Tavidan
acileba lulis arxisa da saketis gaxsnil mdgomareobaSi
yofnisas. mas gaaCnia Semkavebeli _ Caxmaxis TviTsasxletis
fexze Sesakaveblad, berketi _ saketis CarCos SveriliT,
TviTsasxletis mosabruneblad misi wina mdgomareobamde
misvlisas da zambara.
TviTsasxletTan erT RerZze mdebareobs misi zambara. mokle
boloTi igi SeerTebulia TviTsasxletTan, xolo misi grZeli
bolo gadis lulis kolofis marcxena kedlis gaswvriv da
Sedis TviTsasxletis, Caxmaxisa da sasxleti kauWis RerZebze
ganlagebul rgolisebr RarebSi da akavebs RerZebs
gamovardnisagan.
gadamyvanis daniSnulebaa - avtomatis dayeneba avtomatur an
erTeul cecxlsa da, agreTve, mcvelebze. mas gaaCnia seqtori
poWoWikebiT, romlebic Tavsdeba lulis kolofis kedlis
xvrelebSi. gadamyvanis qveda mdgomareoba aRniSnavs mis
dayenebas erTeul cecxlze (), Sua - avtomatur cecxlze
(AB) da zeda - mcvelze.
21. salulis (nax.37. a-AKM, b--74) daniSnulebaa
moqmedebis moxerxebulobis uzrunvelyofa da meavtomatis
xelebis dacva damwvrobisagan. avtomats igi SeiZleba hqondes
xis an plastmasis. lulaze salule magrdeba qvemodan,
SemaerTebeli quros meSveobiT da lulis kolofze Sverilis
meSveobiT, romelic Sedis lulis kolofis budeSi. salulis
tanSi moTavsebulia gamWoli xvreli zumbisaTvis. salulis
ukana nawilSi aris amonaWrebi da Rru, romelSic Tavsdeba
zambara. zambara icavs salules sigrZivi ryevisagan. amonaWrebi
salulesa da lulis kolofze srolisas qmnian sarkmlebs,
lulis da gazis milakis gagrilebisaTvis. plastmasis salules
aqvs liTonis ekrani, romlis daniSnulebaa srolisas salulis
gaxurebis Semcireba.

40

nax. 37. salule
a. AKM; b. -74;
1. TiTebis sabjeni; 2. Sverili; 3. AKMze foladis Suasadebi,
-74-ze firfitisebri zambara; 4. AKMze Wrilebi, -74-ze
xvreli zumbisaTvis.

22. savazne kolofSi (nax.38) Tavsdeba vaznebi da iqidan
xdeba maTi miwodeba lulis kolofSi. savazne kolofi Sedgeba
plastmasis (liTonis) korpusisagan, saxuravisagan, saCeri
Tamasisagan, zambarisa da mimwodeblisagan.
savazne kolofis korpusi aerTebs mis yvela nawils; savazne
kolofis gverdiT kedlebs zemodan (yelze) aqvT nakecebi _
vaznebis gadmovardnis Tavidan asacileblad da Sverilebi,
romlebic zRudaven mimwodeblis awevas, wina kedelze mas
gaaCnia CamWidi, xolo ukana kedelze sayrdeni Sverili,
romelTa meSveobiTac savazne kolofi magrdeba lulis
kolofze. korpusis ukana kedelze, qvemoT, moTavsebulia
sakontrolo xvreli, savazne kolofis vaznebiT aRWurvis
sisrulis gansazRvrisaTvis.
qvevidan korpusi ixureba saxuraviT, romelSic moTavsebulia
xvreli, saCeri Tamasis amosaSverad.

nax. 38. savazne kolofi
1. korpusi; 2. saxuravi; 3. saCeri Tamasa; 4. zambara; 5. mimwodebeli;
6. sayrdeni Sverili; 7. CamWidi.
41
korpusis SigniT moTavsebulia mimwodebeli da zambara saCeri
TamasiT. mimwodebeli damagrebulia zambaris zeda boloze
mimwodeblis marjvena kedelze arsebuli SigniTa nakecis
meSveobiT.
mimwodebels gaaCnia Sverili, romelic uzrunvelyofs savazne
kolofSi vaznebis Wadrakisebur ganlagebas. saCeri Tamasa ar
exsneba zambaris qveda bolos da Tavisi SveriliT ar aZlevs
savazne kolofs gadaadgilebis saSualebas.
23. xiSt-dana (nax.39) uerTdeba avtomats brZolaSi
mowinaaRmdegis dasazianeblad. amas garda, igi gamoiyeneba,
rogorc dana, xerxi (liTonis gasaxerxad) da makrateli
(mavTulis saWrelad). eleqtrodenebi gamtarebi unda gaiWras
saTiTaod, risTvisac xiSt-danas winaswar unda movxsnaT qamari,
xolo qarqaSs_sakidari. gamtaris gaWrisas Tvalyuri unda
vadevnoT imas, rom xeli ar Seexos xiSt-danisa da qarqaSis
liTonis zedapirs. daeleqtroebuli mavTulis gadaRobvebSi
gasasvlelebis gakeTeba xiSt-danis meSveobiT ar daiSveba.


nax. 39. xiSt-dana
a. piri; b. tari;
1. mWreli kide; 2. xerxi; 3. alesili nawiburi (piri); 4. naxvreti;
5. qamari; 6. rgoli; 7. CamWidi qamrisaTvis; 8. liTonis buniki;
9. maerTebeli xraxni; 10. sigrZivi kiloebi; 11. saketela.

xiSt-dana Sedgeba pirisa da tarisagan. pirze ganlagebulia
mWreli kide, xerxi, alesili nawiburi, romelic qarqaSTan
erTad gamoiyeneba makratlis saxiT, naxvreti, romelSic idgmeba
qarqaSis Sveril-RerZi.
taris daniSnulebaa moqmedebis moxerxebulobis
uzrunvelyofa. misi meSveobiT xiSt-dana magrdeba avtomatze.
42
tarze ganlagebulia: qamari, xiSt-danis moxerxebuli
xmarebisaTvis; winidan rgoli da Sverili lulis
kompensatorTan (muxruW-kompensatorTan) misaerTeblad da
CamWidi qamrisaTvis; ukan _ liTonis buniki, maerTebeli
xraxniT. bunikze aris sagrZivi kiloebi, romlebiTac xiSt-dana
ecmeva samiznis fuZis sayrdenis Sesabamis Sverilebs, saketela,
mcveli, Sverili da xvreli qamrisaTvis.


nax. 40. qarqaSi
1. sakidi Sesakvreli yulfiT da sakidi karabiniT; 2. plastmasis
korpusi; 3. Sveril-RerZi; 4. sayrdeni; 5. firfitisebri zambaris
fiqsatori.

qarqaSs (nax.40) xmaroben xiSt-danis welis qamarze
satareblad. amas garda, igi gamoiyeneba xiSt-danasTan erTad
mavTulis saWrelad. qarqaSs gaaCnia yulfiani sakidi, Sveril-
RerZi, sayrdeni, xiSt-danis mobrunebis SesazRudad misi
makratlis saxiT gamoyenebisas; SigniT qarqaSs gaaCnia
firfitisebri zambara da xiSt-danis gamovardnisagan Semkavebeli
fiqsatoriT.


avtomatis sakuTno

24. sakuTno (nax. 41a,b) gamoiyeneba avtomatis daSlis,
awyobis, wmendisa da SezeTvisaTvis, agreTve savazne kolofis
vaznebiT daCqarebuli aRWurvis. sakuTnos kompleqtSi Sedis
zumba, sawmendela, jagrisi, saxraxnisi, gamosagdebi, sarWi
AKM-ze, penali, sazeTuri, mWidebi da gadamyvani -74-ze.
zumba gamoiyeneba lulis arxis, agreTve avtomatis nawilebis
arxebisa da Rruebis wmendisa da SezeTvisaTvis. mas gaaCnia Tavi
xvreliT magdebelasaTvis, kuTxvili sawmendelas an jagrisis
daxraxnisaTvis.
43
sawmendela gamoiyeneba lulis arxis, avtomatis sxva
nawilebis wmendisa da SezeTvisaTvis. mas gaaCnia Tavi xvreliT
magdebelasaTvis, kuTxvili sawmendelas an jagrisis
daxraxnisaTvis.
jagrisi gamoiyeneba lulis arxis lulis gasawmendi xsnariT
(lgx) gawmendisaTvis.


nax. 41. sakuTno
a. AKM; b. -74;
1. zumba; 2. sawmendela; 3. jagrisi; 4. saxraxnisi; 5. magdebela;
6. penali; 7. saxuravi; 8. sazeTuri; 9. sarWi AKM-Tvis, mWidi -74-
Tvis; 10. gadamyvani.
saxraxnisi da magdebela gamoiyeneba avtomatis daSlisa da
awyobisas. amonaWeri saxraxnisis bolos gankuTvnilia samiznis
daxraxnisa da amoxraxnisaTvis, xolo gverdiTi Wrili
zumbaze sawmendelas mimagrebisaTvis. saxraxnisis moxerxebuli
gamoyenebisaTvis igi idgmeba penalis gverdiT xvrelebSi. lulis
arxis wmendisas saxraxnisi ideba penalSi, zumbis Tavis zemoT.
penali gamoiyeneba sawmendelas, jagrisis, saxraxnisis,
magdebelasa da sarWis Sesanaxad. igi ixureba TavsaxuriT.
44
penali gamoiyeneba saxraxnisis saxeluris saxiT, samiznis
daxraxnisa da amoxraxnisas da gazis milakis Camketis
mosabruneblad, agreTve rogorc saxeluri zumbisaTvis.
penals gaaCnia gamWoli xvrelebi, romlebSic idgmeba zumba
avtomatis wmendisas, ovaluri xvrelebi _ saxraxnisisaTvis,
marTkuTxa xvreli _ gazis milakis Camketis mosabruneblad
avtomatis daSlisa da awyobisas.
sazeTuri gamoiyeneba zeTis Sesanaxad. igi gadaitaneba savazne
kolofis CanTis jibiT.
mWidi (-74-Tvis) gamoiyeneba vaznebis gadasatanad da
savazne kolofis vaznebiT daCqarebuli aRWurvisaTvis. mWidSi
Tavsdeba 15 vazna. mas gaaCnia ori sigrZivi kilo da
firfitisebri zambara, romlebic akavebs vaznebs gamovardnisagan.
amas garda, firfitisebri zambara uzrunvelyofs mWidis myar
mierTebas gadamsvlelTan.
gadamyvanis daniSnulebaa mWidis mierTeba savazne kolofTan,
misi vaznebiT aRWurvisas. mas gaaCnia: qvemodan (gafarToebuli
nawili) _ ori nakeci, romlebic Sedis savazne kolofis yelis
Sesabamis kiloebSi, zemodan ori sigrZivi kilo mWidisaTvis,
xvreli mWidi zambarisaTvis da sayrdeni, romelic zRudavs
mWidis win gawevas gadamsvlelSi misi Cadgmisas.


7,62 mm-iani da 5,45 mm-iani sabrZolo vaznebi

25. sabrZolo vazna (nax.42a,b) Sedgeba tyviis masris, denTis
muxtisa da kafsulisagan.
26. 7,62 mm vaznebs uSveben Cveulebrivi foladisgulariani
da specialuri daniSnulebis tyviebiT: mgezveli da
javSangamtan- cecxlgamCeni tyviis Tavebs aqvT ganmasxvavebeli
Seferiloba, xolo 5,45 mm-ian vaznebs uSveben Cveulebrivi
foladisgulariani da mgezveli tyviebiT. srolis
imitaciisaTvis gamoiyeneba fuWi vaznebi, romlebiTac isvrian
specialuri milisis gamoyenebiT.
Cveulebrivi tyviebi (nax.43a,d) gankuTvnilia mowinaaRmdegis
im cocxali Zalis dasazianeblad, romelic ganlagebulia Ria
adgilebSi an tyviagamtari zRudeebis ukan.
Cveulebrivi tyvia Sedgeba tompakiT dafaruli foladis
garsisa da foladis gularisagan. garssa da guls Soris
moTavsebulia tyviis perangi.
45

nax. 42. sabrZolo vazna
a . 7,62 mm; b. 5,45 mm;
1. tyvia; 2. masra; 3. denTis muxti; 4. kafsuli; 5. lulaki; 6. Rari;
7. grdemli; 8. SemRwevi nasvreti; 9. damrtymeli Semadgenloba.

mgezveli tyvia (nax.43b,e) agreTve gankuTvnilia
mowinaaRmdegis cocxali Zalis dasazianeblad. amas garda,
tyviis haerSi frenisas misi mnaTi mgezveli Semadgenloba
srolis 800m-mde siSoreze tovebs mnaT kvals, rac iZleva
cecxlis koreqtirebisa da mizanCvenebis saSualebas.


nax. 43. tyviebi
a. Cveulebrivi foladgulariani 7,62 mm-iani tyvia; b. mgezveli 7,62 mm-iani
tyvia; g. javSangamtan-cecxlgamCeni 7,62 mm-iani tyvia; d. Cveulebrivi
foladgulariani 5,45 mm-iani tyvia; e. mgezveli 5,45 mm-iani tyvia;
1. garsi; 2. foladis gulari; 3. tyviis perangi; 4. gulari (tyviis);
5. mgezveli Semadgenloba; 6. Wiqa; 7. fskeri (tyviis); 8. cecxlgamCeni
Semadgenloba; 9. daboloeba.
46
mgezveli tyviis garsSi, saTavo nawilSi moTavsebulia
gulari, xolo fskerze dapresili mgezvelis Semadgenlobis
koWi. gasrolis dros, denTis muxtis ali anaTebs mgezvel
Semadgenlobas, romelic tyviis frenisas tovebs mnaT kvals,
romelic kargad Cans dRisiT da RamiT. tyviis saTave nawili
SeRebilia mwvaned.
javSangamtan-cecxlgamCeni tyvia (nax.43g) gankuTvnilia wvadi
siTxeebis asaaleblad da cocxali Zali gasanadgureblad,
romlebic ganlagebulia msubuqi javSnis ukan 300 metramde
manZilze.
javSangamtan-cecxlgamCeni tyvia Sedgeba garsisagan _
tompakis daboloebiT, foladis gularisagan _ tyviis perangiT,
tyviis fskerisagan da cecxlgamCeni nivTierebisagan. tyviis
javSanze moxvedrisas cecxlgamCeni nivTiereba aaldeba, rac
SemdgomSi iwvevs sawvavis aalebas. tyviis saTave nawili
SeRebilia Savad wiTeli sartyliT.
masra aerTebs vaznis yvela nawils. misi daniSnulebaa denTis
muxtis dacva gare zemoqmedebisagan da denTis airis saketis
mxares gaWris davidan acileba. mas gaaCnia korpusi, denTis
muxtis mosacileblad, lula ki tyviis Sesamagreblad da
fskeri. garedan masris gamomgdebis fskers aqvs rgolisebri
Rari, gamomgdebis CasaWidad. masris fskerze moTavsebuli bude
kafsulisaTvis, grdemli da ori SemRwevi nasvreti.
27. denTis muxtis daniSnulebaa tyviisaTvis winsvliTi
moZraobis micema. igi Sedgeba sferulad damarcvluli
denTisagan.
28. kafsulis daniSnulebaa denTis muxtis anTeba. igi Sedgeba
TiTberis xufisagan, masSi Sepresili damrtymeli
Semadgenlobisa da folgis rgolisagan, romlebic faravs
damrtymel Semadgenlobas.
29. 7,62 mm-iani da 5.45 mm vaznebs fuTaven xis yuTebSi.
yuTSi iwyoba ori hermetulad daxuruli liTonis kolofi _
TiToSi 7,62 mm-iani 660 cali da 5,45mm-iani 1080 cali vazniT.
kolofebSi vaznebi Cawyobilia muyaos SekvrebSi, 30-30 cali.
sul yuTSi eteva 7,62mm-iani 1320, xolo 5,45mm-iani 2160 cali
vazna. im yuTebis gverdiT kedlebze, romlebSic SefuTulia
mgezveltyviebiani (javSangamtan-cecxlgamCeni) vaznebi,
gavlebulia mwvane (Savi-wiTeli) zoli, yovel yuTSi devs dana
kolofis gasaxsnelad.

47
Tavi IV

avtomatis nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis mdgomareoba
datenamde

30. saketis CarCo gazis dguSiTa da saketiT, damabrunebeli
meqanizmis zemoqmedebiT aris ukidures wina mdgomareobaSi,
xolo gazis dguSi gazis kameris milyelSi; lulis arxi
Caketilia saketiT. saketi mobrunebulia sigrZivi RerZis
garSemo marjvniv, misi sabrZolo Sverilebi moTavsebulia
lulis kolofis amonaWrebSi saketi Carazulia. damabrunebel
zambaras gaaCnia umciresi kumSvadoba.
TviT sasxletis berketi, saketis CarCos Sverilis
zemoqmedebiT, mobrunebulia win da qvemoT (nax.44).


nax. 44. damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis nawilebis mdgomareoba
datenamde gaxsnili mcveliTa da daSvebuli CaxmaxiT
1. sasxleti kauWi; 2. gadamyvani seqtori; 3. erTeuli cecxlis
Semkavebeli; 4. Caxmaxis Semnelebeli. 5. sasxleti kauWis figuruli
Sverili; 6. sabrZolo zambara; 7. Caxmaxi; 8. TviTsasxletis berketi;
9. saketis CarCo; 10. TviTsasxletis Semkavebeli.

Caxmaxi daSvebulia da ebjineba sakets. damrtymeli, Caxmaxis
zemoqmedebiT, gaweulia win. sabrZolo zambara umciresad
SekumSulia; Tavisi yulfiT igi aWers Caxmaxs saketze, xolo
gadakecili boloebiT sasxleti kauWis marTkuTxa Sverilebs _
48
lulis kolofis fskers, amasTan sasxleti kauWis bolo
moTavsebulia wina mdgomarebaSi.
Caxmaxis Semnelebeli, Tavisi zambaris zemoqmedebiT, wina
SveriliT mitmasnilia kolofis fskerze.
gadamyvani miTavsebulia ukidures zeda mdgomareobaSi da
faravs lulis kolofis sarqvelSi arsebul safexureobriv
Wrils (gadamyvani dayenebulia mcvelze). gadamyvani seqtori
Sesulia erTeuli cecxlis Semkaveblis WrilSi da
moTavsebulia sasxleti kauWis marjvena marTkuTxa Sverilis
Tavze (ketavs sasxlet kauWs).


nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba datenisas

31. avtomatis dasatenad masze unda mivamagroT aRWurvili
savazne kolofi, davayenoT gadamyvani avtomatur `AB~ an
erTeul `~ cecxlze. gadavwioT saketis CarCo bolomde ukan
da gavuSvaT xeli _ avtomati datenilia. Tu cecxli
dauyovnebliv ar unda gaixsnas, aucilebelia gadamyvanis
mcvelze dayeneba.
savazne kolofis mierTebisas misi CamWidi Sedis lulis
kolofis Sverilis ukan, xolo sayrdeni Sverili Sevardeba
saketelas ukan da savazne kolofi Cerdeba lulis kolofis
sarkmelSi. zeda vazna ebjineba ra qvemodan saketis CarCos,
odnav dabla daswevs vaznebs savazne kolofSi Tan kumSavs mis
zambaras.
avtomatur cecxlze gadamyvanis dayenebisas, lulis kolofis
saxuravSi, saketis CarCos saxelurisaTvis arsebuli
safexurebrivi amonaWeri, Tavisufldeba. gadamyvani seqtori
rCeba erTeuli cecxlis amonaWerSi, magram ar uSlis xels
sasxleti kauWis mobrunebas. saketis CarCos ukan gadawevisas
(Tavisufali svlis sigrZeze) igi axdens ra zemoqmedebas
figuruli Wrilis wina cerobiT saketis wamyvan Sverilze,
abrunebs sakets marcxniv, saketis sabrZolo Sverilebi gamodis
lulis kolofis Wrilebidan saketi ixsneba; saketis CarCos
Sverili aTavisuflebs TviTsasxletis berkets, xolo
TviTsasxletis berketi zambaris zemoqmedebiT eWireba Caxmaxis
wina sibrtyes.
saketis CarCos Semdgomi gadawevisas, masTan erTad gadadis
saketi da xsnis lulis arxs; damabrunebeli zambara ikumSeba;
49
saketis CarCos zemoqmedebiT Caxmaxi brundeba RerZze da exveva
sabrZolo zambara; Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexi TanamimdevrobiT
vardeba sasxleti kauWis figuruli Wrilis ukan da Caxmaxis
Semneleblis saketelas qveS. Caxmaxi dgeba TviTsasxletis
Semkaveblis qveda Sverilze; TviTsasxletis berketi amasTan
iweva zeviT da dgeba saketis CarCos Sverilis moZraobis gzaze.
rogorc ki saketis CarCos qveda sabrtye gaivlis savazne
kolofis sarkmels, vaznebi, savazne kolofis zambaris
zemoqmedebiT, aiweva zeviT zeda vaznis savazne kolofis kedlis
nakecze mibjenamde.
saketis CarCos gaSvebisas, igi saketTan erTad, damabrunebeli
meqanizmis zemoqmedebiT, iweva win. saketi gamoagdebs savazne
kolofidan zeda vaznas, gadaitans savazneSi da xuravs milis
arxs. saketis miaxloebisas lulis ukana WrilTan gamomgdebis
CamWidi Sexteba masris rgolisebr RarSi. saketi, lulis
kolofis marcxena Wrilis cerobis saketis marcxena sabrZolo
Sverilis cerobze zemoqmedebiT, xolo Semdeg saketis CarCos
figuruli Wrilis saketis wamyvan Sverilze zemoqmedebiT,
brundeba marjvniv sigrZivi RerZis garSemo; saketis sabrZolo
Sverilebi Sedis lulis kolofis sabrZolo sabjenebs ukan
saketi irazeba. saketis CarCo, ganagrZobs ra wina moZraobas
Tavisi SveriliT, abrunebs TviTsasxletis berkets win da
qvemoT, riTac TviTsasxletis Semkavebeli Caxmaxis
TviTsasxletis fexidan gamohyavs; Caxmaxi, sabrZolo zambaris
zemoqmedebiT, brundeba, gadis Semneleblis saketeladan da
dgeba sabrZolo fexze (nax.45).
vaznebi savazne kolofSi zambaris zemoqmedebiT iweva zemoT,
zeda vaznis saketis CarCosTan mibjenamde.


nax. 45. damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis nawilebis
mdgomareoba gasrolis win
1. sasxleti kauWi; 2. gadamyvani seqtori; 3. Caxmaxis Semnelebeli;
4. Caxmaxi; 5. TviTsasxletis berketi; 6. saketis CarCo.
50
gadamyvanis mcvelze dayenebisas, gadamyvani xuravs lulis
kolofis sarqvelis safexurebriv amonaWers da dgeba saketis
CarCos saxeluris ukan moZraobis gzaze; gadamyvanis seqtori
brundeba win da dgeba sasxleti kauWis marjvena marTkuTxa
Sverilis Tavze (ketavs sasxlet kauWs).


nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba srolisas
nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba avtomaturi
srolisas

32. avtomaturi srolisaTvis gadamyvani unda davayenoT
avtomatur cecxlze (B) (Tu igi ar iqneba dayenebuli
datenisas), da davaWiroT sasxlet kauWs.
gadamyvanis avtomatur cecxlze dayenebisas, gadamyvanis
seqtori aTavisuflebs sasxleti kauWis marTkuTxa Sverils
(xsnis sasxlet kauWs) da rCeba erTeuli cecxlis Semkaveblis
amonaWerSi. sasxlet kauWs eZleva Tavisi RerZis garSemo
mobrunebis saSualeba; erTeuli cecxlis Semkavebels, sasxlet
kauWTan erTad, mobrunebisagan icavs gadamyvani seqtori.
sasxleti kauWis boloze daWerisas misi figuruli Sverili
Tavisufldeba Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexTan CaWidvisagan. Caxmaxi
sabrZolo zambaris zemoqmedebiT brundeba Tavis RerZze da
energiulad artyams damrtmels. damrtymeli sacemeliT
amsxvrevs vaznis kafsuls. vaznis kafsulis damrtymeli narevi
aldeba, ali masris fskerze arsebuli SemRwevi nasvretis
gavliT aRwevs denTis muxtamde da anTebs mas. xdeba gasrola.
tyvia, denTis airebis zemoqmedebiT, moZraobs lulis arxSi;
rogorc ki igi gaivlis gazgamyvan xvrels, airis nawili am
xvrelis gavliT miemarTeba gazis kameraSi, awveba gazis dguSs
da ukan agdebs saketis CarCos. ukan daxevisas saketis CarCo
(iseve, rogorc misi saxeluriT ukan gawevisas), figuruli
Wrilis wina cerobiT abrunebs sakets sigrZivi RerZis garSemo
da gahyavs misi sabrZolo Sverilebi lulis kolofis
sabrZolo sabjenebidan ixsneba saketi da lulis arxi,
saketis CarCos Sverili aTavisuflebs TviTsasxletis berkets.
igi zambaris zemoqmedebiT iweva zemoT, xolo TviTsasxletis
51
Semkavebeli ekvris Caxmaxis wina sibrtyes, am droisaTvis tyvia
gavardeba lulis arxidan. avtomatis lulis arxidan tyviis
gamofrenis Semdeg denTis airis xvdeba lulis kompensatorSi
(muxruW-kompensatoris ukana saTavsSi farTovdeba da
sakompensacio xvrelis gavliT qmnis reaqtiul Zalas lulis
nawils xvrelebis ganlagebis sapirispirod) da avtomats
gadaxris marcxniv da dabla (denTis airis nawili exleba ra
muxruW-kompensatoris wina da ukana saTavsebis wina kedlebs
amcirebs ukucemas. ukana saTavsis naprlebidan gamosuli airis
Sexvedra winasaTavsis wina kedlidan areklil airTan, amcirebs
gasrolis xmas).
saketis CarCo saketiT inerciiT ganagrZobs ukan moZraobas;
gamomgdebis CamWidiT adgilze Semagrebuli masra ejaxeba
lulis kolofis amrekl Sverils da vardeba gareT.
Semdgom, nawilebi da meqanizmebi Caxmaxisa da Semneleblis
garda, muSaoben iseve, rogorc datenisas. Caxmaxi dgeba
TviTsasxletis Semkaveblis zeda Sverilze da Cerdeba masze
saketis CarCos saketTan erTad wina mdgomareobaSi
dabrunebisas. mas Semdeg, rac saketi gadagzavnis zeda vaznas
savazne kolofidan savazneSi, daixureba lulis arxi da
Cairazeba saketi, saketis CarCos, ganagrZobs ra win moZraobas,
gahyavs TviTsasxletis Semkavebeli Caxmaxis TviTsasxletis
fexis qveSidan. Caxmaxi sabrZolo zambaris zemoqmedebiT,
brundeba da artyams Caxmaxis Semneleblis saketelaze;
Semnelebeli brundeba ukan, riTac Caxmaxis dartymis qveS
ayenebs wina Sverils, Semnelebelze am dartymis Sedegad
Caxmaxis win moZraoba cotaTi Senelebulia, rac saSualebas
aZlevs lulas, masze saketis CarCos saketTan erTad dartymis
Semdeg, miiRos pirvandelTan miaxloebuli mdgomareoba da amiT
gaaumjobesos moxvedrebis SequCebuloba. Semneleblis wina
Sverilze dartmisas, Caxmaxi artyams damrtymelze. xdeba
gasrola. avtomatis nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba
meordeba. avtomaturi srola gagrZeldeba manam, sanam vaWerT
sasxlet kauWs da savazne kolofSi aris vaznebi. srolis
Sesawyvetad unda gavuSvaT sasxlet kauWs. amasTan sasxleti
kauWi, sabrZolo zambaris zemoqmedebiT, mobrundeba da misi
52
figuruli Sverili dadgeba Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexis moZraobis
gzaze. Caxmaxi Cerdeba sabrZolo fexze, srola wydeba, magram
avtomati rCeba datenili, gamzadebuli Semdegomi srolisaTvis.


nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba erTeuli
gasroliT srolisas

33. erTeuli gasrolisaTvis aucilebelia gadamyvani davayenoT
erTeul cecxlze `~ da davaWiroT sasxlet kauWs.
gadamyvanis dayenebisas mcvelidan erTeuli cecxlis `~
mdgomareobaSi, gadamyvani seqtori aTavisuflebs sasxleti
kauWis marTkuTxa Sverils (xsnis sasxlet kauWs), mTlianad
gadis erTeuli cecxlis Semkaveblis amonaWers da srolisas
damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis muSaobaSi monawileobas ar
iRebs.
sasxleti kauWis boloze daWerisas misi figuruli Sverili
Tavisufldeba Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexTan CaWidvisagan. Caxmaxi
sabrZolo zambaris zemoqmedebiT brundeba Tavis RerZze da
energiulad artyams damrtymelze _ xdeba gasrola. pirveli
gasrolis Semdeg nawilebi da meqanizmebi axdenen imave
moqmedebas, rasac avtomaturi srolisas, magram Semdegi
gasrola ar moxdeba, radgan sasxlet kauWTan erTad win
mobrunda erTeuli cecxlis Semkavebeli da misi CamWidi
dadgeba Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexis moZraobis gzaze. Caxmaxis
sabrZolo fexi Sevardeba erTeuli cecxlis Semkaveblis ukan,
xolo Caxmaxi dgeba ukana mdgomareobaSi (nax.46).


nax. 46. damrtmel-sasxleti meqanizmis nawilebis mdgomareoba
gadamyvanis erTeul cecxlze dayenebisas gasrolis Semdeg
1. sasxleti kauWi; 2. Caxmaxis Semnelebeli; 3. erTeuli cecxlis
Semkavebeli; 4. Caxmaxi; 5. TviTsasxleti Semkavebeli; 6. saketis CarCo.
53
emdegi gasrolisaTvis aucilebelia, sasxleti kauWis gaSveba
da masze xelmeored daWera. rodesac gavuSvebT sasxlet kauWs,
igi, sabrZolo zambaris boloebis zemoqmedebiT, mobrundeba
erTeuli cecxlis SemkavebelTan erTad. erTeuli cecxlis
Semkavebeli gaTavisufldeba Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexTan
CaWidvisagan da gaaTavisuflebs Caxmaxs. Caxmaxi sabrZolo
zambaris zemoqmedebiT, brundeba, artyams jer Semneleblis
saketelaze, Semdeg mis wina Sverilze da dgeba sabrZolo
fexze. sasxlet kauWze daWerisas misi figuruli Sverili
Tavisufldeba Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexTan CaWidvisagan da
nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba meordeba _ xdeba Semdegi
gasrola.


Seferxebebi avtomatiT srolisas da maTi
aRmofxvris xerxebi

34. avtomatis nawilebi da meqanizmebi, swori gamoyenebisa da
saTanado movlisas, xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi muSaoben
saimedod da Seuferxeblad. magram, meqanizmebis daWuWyianebis,
nawilebis gacveTisa da avtomatis gaufrTxilebeli gamoyenebis
Sedegad, agreTve vaznebis gaumarTaobis SemTxvevaSi, srolisas
SeiZleba warmoiSvas Seferxebebi.
35. srolisas warmoqmnili Seferxebis aRmofxvra unda
vcadoT gadateniT, risTvisac swrafad unda gadavwioT saketis
CarCo bolomde ukan, gavuSvaT mas xeli da ganvagrZoT srola.
Tu Seferxeba ar aRmoifxvreba, maSin, aucilebelia, misi
gamomwvevi mizezis povna da Seferxebis aRmofxvra ise, rogorc
qvemoT aris aRwerili.




54
Seferxebebi da maTi
daxasiaTeba
Seferxebebis
mizezebi
aRmofxvris
xerxebi
ar moxda vaznebis
miwodeba. saketi
wina mdgomareobaSia,
magram ar moxda
gasrola _ savazneSi
ar aris vazna





1.savazne kolofis
daWuWyianeba an
gaumarTaoba.

2. savazne kolofis
saketelas
gaumarTaoba
gadavtenoT
avtomati da
gavagrZeloT srola.
ganmeorebiTi
Seferxebisas
gamovcvaloT savazne
kolofi.
savazne kolofis
saketelas
gaumarTaobis
SemTxvevaSi
gadavagzavnoT
avtomati saremonto
saxelosnoSi.
vaznis CaWedva. vazna
tyviiT CaiWeda
lulis ukana
WrilSi, moZravi
nawilebis gaCerda
Sua mdgomareobaSi.
savazne kolofis
gaumarTaoba.




gadavwioT saketis
CarCos saxeluri
ukan, SevakaoT igi
ukana mdgomareobaSi,
gamovagdoT
gaWedili vazna da
ganvagrZoT srola.
Seferxebis
gameorebisas
gamovcvaloT savazne
kolofi.
ar gamovarda masra.
masra savazneSia,
morigi vazna
ebjineba mas tyviiT,
moZravi nawilebi
gaCerebulia Sua
mdgomareobaSi.

1. WuWyiania vazna an
daWuWyianebulia
savazne.






2. gamomgdebis an misi
zambaris daWuWyianeba
an gaumarTaoba.
gadavwioT saketis
CarCos saxeluri
ukan, SevakaoT igi
ukana mdgomareobaSi,
movxsnaT savazne
kolofi da
gamoviRoT CaWedili
vazna.
saketiT an zumbiT
gamoviRoT masra
savaznidan.
gavagrZeloT srola.
ganmeorebiTi
Seferxebisas
55
gavwmindoT savazne
da vaznebi.
davaTvalieroT da
WuWyisagan
gavwmindoT
gamomgdebi da
gavagrZeloT srola.
gamomgdebis
gaumarTaobisas
avtomati
gadavagzavnoT
saremonto
saxelosnoSi.
moxda masris
TanwamoReba an ar
moxda misi arekvla.
masra ar gamovarda
lulis kolofidan,
igi darCa masSi
saketis win an
gadaigzavna saketiT
ukan savazneSi.



1. moxaxune nawilebis,
airebis dinebis
gzebisa da savaznis
daWuWyianeba.

2. gamomgdebis
daWuWyianeba an
gaumarTaoba.

gadavwioT saketis
CarCos saxeluri
ukan, gamovagdoT
masra da
gavagrZeloT srola.



ganmeorebiTi
Seferxebisas
gavwmindoT airebis
dinebis gzebi,
moxaxune nawilebi
da savazne; moxaxune
nawilebi SevzeToT.
gamomgdebis
gaumarTaobisas
avtomati
gadavagzavnoT
saremonto
saxelosnoSi.
ar moxda saketis
CarCos wina
mdgomareobamde
misvla.
Ddamabrunebeli
zambaris gatexa.
gamovcvaloT
zambara (sabrZolo
viTarebaSi zambaris
wina nawili
movabrunoT
Casworebuli
boloTi ukan da
ganvagrZoT srola).
56
mtyuneba. saketi
wina mdgomareobaSia,
vazna savazneSia,
Caxmaxi daSvebulia
gasrola ar
moxda.
1. vaznis gaumarTaoba.


2. sacemelis an
damrtymel-sasxleti
meqanizmis
gaumarTaoba; sapoxis
daWuWyianeba ang
gamagreba
( patara SenaWyleti
kafsuls ar aqvs)
gadavtenoT
avtomati da
gavagrZeloT srola.

ganmeorebiTi
Seferxebisas
davaTvalieroT da
gavwmindoT sacemeli
da damrtymel-
sasxleti meqanizmi.
damrtymel-sasxleti
meqanizmis gatexis
an gacveTis
SemTxvevaSi
avtomati
gadavagzavnoT
saremonto
saxelosnoSi.


















57
Tavi V
avtomatis movla da Senaxva

saerTo debuleba

36. avtomati unda iyos srulad gamarTul mdgomareobSi da
moqmedebisaTvis mzadyofnaSi. es miiRweva drouli da swori
wmendiT, SezeTviTa da avtomatis swori SenaxviT.
37. qvedanayofSi arsebuli avtomatis wmenda xdeba:
- srolisaTvis mzadebisas;
- sabrZolo da fuWi vaznebiT srolis Semdeg dauyovnebliv
sasroleTze (velze) srolis damTavrebis Semdeg; amasTan,
iwmindeba da izeTeba lulis kolofi, lulis arxi, gazis
kamera, gazis dguSi, saketis CarCo da saketi; avtomatis
saboloo wmenda mimdinareobs srolidan dabrunebis Semdeg da
yoveldRiurad Semdgomi sami_oTxi dRis ganmavlobaSi.
- ganawesisa da srolis gareSe velze mecadineobis Semdeg,
ganwesidan an mecadineobidan dabrunebis Semdeg.
- sabrZolo viTarebaSi da xangrZlivi wvrTnisas
yoveldRiurad, brZolis miwynarebis periodebSi da swavlebis
dros Sesvenebisas.
- Tu avtomati ar gamoiyeneboda kviraSi erTxel mainc.
38. gawmendis Semdeg avtomati unda SeizeTos. SeizeTos
mxolod kargad gawmendil da mSral liTonis zedapiri
dauyovnebliv gawmendis Semdeg, raTa ar moxdes liTonze tenis
zemoqmedeba.
39. avtomatis wmenda da SezeTva xdeba aTeulis meTauris
uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT. aTeulis meTauri valdebulia
gansazRvros aucilebeli daSlis, wmendisa da SezeTvis xarisxi,
Seamowmos sakuTnos gamarTuloba gawmendisaTvis saWiro
masalis xarisxianoba; Seamowmos gawmendis xarisxi da gasces
SezeTvisa da awyobis nebarTva; Seamowmos avtomatis SezeTvisa
da awyobis siswore.
oficrebi valdebulni arian periodulad daeswron avtomatis
wmendasa da Seamowmos misi mimdinareobis siswore.
58
40. yazarmaSi an banakSi ganlagebisas avtomats wmenden
specialurad gamoyofil adgilebSi, am miznisaTvis mowyobil
adgilebSi xolo sabrZolo viTarebaSi da wvrTnisas sufTa
safenebze, ficrebze, fanerze da a.S.
41. sasroleTze avtomati srolis Semdeg unda gaiwmindos
amisaTvis gamoyofil adgilebSi lulis gasawmeni xsnariT (lgx)
an iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT. avtomats lgx-Ti wmenden mxolod
oficrebis an qvedanayofis serJantis xelmZRvanelobiT.
sasroleTze, iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT gawmendili avtomati
yazarmaSi dabrunebis Semdeg aucileblad unda gaiwmindos lgx-
iT. savele pirobebSi avtomats wmenden da zeTaven iaraRis
Txevadi zeTiT.
42. avtomatis gasawmendad gamoiyeneba:
- iaraRis Txevadi zeTi _ avtomatis gasawmendad da misi
nawilebisa da meqanizmebis SesazeTad, +5
0
-dan -50
0
-mde haeris
temperaturisas.
- iaraRis zeTi _ lulis arxis, avtomatis nawilebisa da
meqanizmebis SesazeTad. maTi gawmendis Semdeg es zeTi
gamoiyeneba maSin, roca haeris temperatura ar aRemateba +5
0

c.
- lgx-iT (lulis gasawmedi xsnari) - lulis arxisa da
avtomatis im nawilebis gasawmendad, romlebic moxvdnen denTis
airebis zemoqmedebis qveS.
SeniSvna: lgx mzaddeba qvedanayofebSi, erTi dRe-Ramis
ganmavlobaSi iaraRis gawmendisaTvis saWiro raodenobiT.
xsnaris Semadgenloba:
- sasmelad vargisi wyali erTi litri.
- amoniumis naxSirmJava 200 gr.
- kaliumis biqromJava (qrompiki) 3-5gr.
lgx-is mcire raodenobiT Senaxva dasaSvebia ara umetes
7 dRe Ramis ganmavlobaSi, dacobil SuSis WurWelSi, bnel
adgilas, gasaTbobi xelsawyoebisagan moSorebiT. lgx-is Casxma
liTonis sazeTurebSi akrZalulia. ZonZi an 22 qaRaldi --
avtomatis gawmendisa da SezeTvisaTvis, CenCosagan gawmendili
Cla (mokle selis boWko) - mxolod lulis arxis gasawmendad.
59
kiloebis amonaWrebisa da xvrelebis moxerxebuli
gawmendisaTvis SeiZleba xis joxebis gamoyeneba.
kategoriulad akrZalulia avtomatis gasawmendad abraziuli
masalis (qviSis), zumfaris qaRaldisa da a.S. gamoyeneba.


mimdinare momsaxureba

43. avtomati unda gavwmindoT Semdegi TanamimdevrobiT:
1) movamzadoT gasawmendi da SesazeTi masala;
2) davSaloT avtomati;
3) davaTvalieroT sakuTno ise, rogorc naCvenebia 66-e muxlSi
da movamzadoT igi wmendisaTvis gamosayeneblad (nax.47);
4) gavwmindoT lulis arxi.
CavdoT avtomati magidis iaraRis sawmend WrilSi an davdoT
Cveulebriv magidaze, xolo Tu magida ar gvaqvs, mivabjinoT igi
kondaxiT miwaze an iatakze. iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT lulis
arxis gasawmendad sawmendelas gavuyaroT Cla an ZonZi, amasTan,
Clis boloebi unda iyos sawmendelas RerZze mokle, xolo
fenis sisqe unda iyos iseTi, rom ZenZgayrili sawmendela
Sediodes lulis arxSi xelis mcire ZaldatanebiT; davasxaT
Claze cotaodeni iaraRis Txevadi zeTi da TiTebiT odnav
movWmuWnoT. SeviyvanoT zumba sawmendelaTi da CliT lulis
arxSi. erTi xeliT daviWiroT avtomatis lulis nawili, xolo
meoreTi daviWiroT penali frTxilad, zumbis gauRunavad,
ramdenjerme gavwioT win da ukan lulis arxis mTel sigrZeze.
amoviRoT zumba, gamovcvaloT Cla, gavJRinToT iaraRis Txevadi
zeTiT da imave TanmimdevrobiT ramdenjerme gavwmindoT lulis
arxi. amis Semdeg saguldagulod gavamSraloT zumba da lulis
arxi sufTa, mSrali CliT, xolo Semdeg ZonZiT.
davaTvalieroT ZonZi, Tu masze daemCna namwvis kvali (siSave)
Jangi an WuWyi, ganvagrZoT lulis arxis wmenda, Semdeg isev
gavamSraloT mSrali CliTa da ZonZiT. Tu lulis arxidan
gamoRebis Semdeg ZonZi sufTa aRmoCnda, e.i. ar daemCna denTis
namwvis Savi an Jangis yviTeli kvali, saguldagulod
davaTvalieroT Suqze lulis arxi salule nawilisa da
60
savaznis mxridan, xelSi lulis nela mobrunebiT; amasTan,
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mivaqcioT naWdevebis kuTxeebs da
SevamowmoT, xom ar darCa maTSi namwvi.
lgx-iT lulis arxi gavwmindoT xsnarSi dasvelebuli
jagrisiT, Semdeg lulis arxi gavamSraloT CliT. lgx-iT
wmenda ganvagrZoT namwvis srul mocilebamde, sanam xsnarSi
dasvelebuli jagrisi an Cla ar gamova lulis arxidan namwvis
an simwvanis gareSe. amis Semdeg gavamSraloT lulis arxi
mSrali CliT, xolo Semdeg sufTa ZonZiT. meore dRes
SevamowmoT gawmendis xarisxi; Tu lulis arxis sufTa ZonZiT
gawmednisas masze aRmoCndeba namwvi, gavwmindoT xelmeored,
imave TanmimdevrobiT.
lulis arxis naWdevebiani wmendis damTavrebis Semdeg imave
TanmimdevrobiT gavwmindoT savazne lulis kolofis mxridan.

nax. 47. avtomatis wmendisaTvis momzadebuli sakuTno
1. zumba; 2. sawmendela; 3. penali; 4. saxraxnisi; 5. zumbis Tavi.

SeniSvna: Tu wmendisas sawmendela zumbiT gaiWedeba lulis
arxSi, arxSi unda CavasxaT cotaodeni gamTbari iaraRis zeTi
da ramdenime wuTis Semdeg vcadoT zumbis gamoReba. Tu zumbas
ver gamoviRebT, avtomati unda gadaigzavnos saremonto
saxelosnoSi.
61
5) gazis kamera, gazis milaki da lulis muxruW-
kompensatori (kompensatori) gavwmindoT iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT
an lxg-iT da gavamSraloT CliT (ZonZiT) zumbis an xis joxis
daxmarebiT. gazis kamera, lgx-iT gawmendis Semdeg, kargad unda
gavamSraloT ZonZiT, davaTvalieroT lulis arxi, rom masSi ar
darCes ucxo sagnebi da gavwmindoT lula garedan, lulis
milaki da lulis muxruW-kompensatori (kompensatori)
gawmendis Semdeg kargad gavamSraloT.
6) lulis kolofi, saketis CarCo, saketi da gazis dguSi
gavwmindoT iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT an lxg-iT gaJRenTili
ZonZiT, ris Semdegac kargad gavamSraloT. Txevadi zeTiT
davfaroT gazis dguSi, aseve zeTiT davfaroT saketis
cilindruli Wrili an sami_xuTi wuTiT SevaxvioT zeTiT
gaJRenTil ZonZSi. amis Semdeg, patara Cxiris meSveobiT
movaSoroT gamagrebuli denTis namwvi da kargad gavamSraloT.
imave xerxiT gavwmindoT lulis muxruW-kompensatoris Sida
zedapiric.
7) liTonis danarCeni nawilebi kargad unda gavamSraloT
ZonZiT, nawilebis Zlieri daWuWyianebisas gavwmindoT isini
iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT, xolo Semdeg kargad gavamSraloT.
8) xis nawilebi gavwmindoT mSrali ZonZiT.
9) TviTmnaTi bunikebi gavwmindoT wyalSi an navTSi
dasvelebuli ZonZiT. WuWyis moSorebis Semdeg samarjvi da
samizne gavamSraloT sufTa mSrali ZonZiT.
44. avtomatis wmendis damTavrebis Sesaxeb jariskaci
moaxsenebs aTeulis meTaurs, Semdeg, aTeulis meTauris
nebarTviT, xdeba avtomatis SezeTva da awyoba.
45. avtomati unda avawyoT Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT:
1) SevzeToT lulis arxi. davaxraxnoT zumbaze sawmendela
da sawmendelas ganaWerSi gavuyaroT zeTiT gaJRenTili ZonZi,
SeviyvanoT sawmendela lulis arxSi lulis wina mxridan da
or-samjer nela gavwioT win da ukan, lulis mTel sigrZeze,
raTa lulis arxi Tanabrad daifaros zeTis Txeli feniT.
SevzeToT savazne da lulis muxruW-kompensatori.
2) avtomatis yvela danarCeni liTonis nawili da meqanizmi
gaJRenTili Cvris meSveobiT davfaroT zeTis feniT. magram unda
62
gvaxsovdes, rom zedmeti SezeTva xels uwyobs nawilebis
daWuWyianebas da SeiZleba gamoiwvios srolis Seferxeba.
xis nawilebi da TviTmnaTi wertilebi (zolebi) samiznesa da
samarjvze ar unda SevzeToT.
3) SezeTvis damTavrebis Semdeg avawyoT avtomati,
SevamowmoT misi nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba, gavwmindoT
da SevzeToT savazne kolofebi da sakuTno, xolo Semdeg
avtomati vaCvenoT aTeulis meTaurs.
46. weliwadis civ dros, +5
0
da ufro dabali
temperaturisas avtomati SevzeToT mxolod iaraRis Txevadi
zeTiT erTi saxis zeTidan meore saxis zeTis xmarebaze
gadasvlisas, avtomatis yvela nawils saguldagulod unda
movaSoroT Zveli zeTi.
zeTis mosaSoreblad aucilebelia avtomatis mTlianad
daSla, liTonis yvela nawilis iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT gawmenda
da maTi sufTa ZonZiT gamSraleba.
SeniSvna: haeris +5
0
dabali temperaturisas iaraRis zeTis
gamoyeneba iaraRis Txevadi zeTis magivrad akrZalulia.
dasaSvebia iaraRis Txevadi zeTis gamoyeneba mTeli wlis
ganmavlobaSi iseT raionebSi, sadac zafxulis periodSi ar
aris maRali temperatura.
47. yinvidan Tbil oTaxSi Setanis Semdeg avtomati unda
gaiwmindos 10-20 wuTis Semdeg (mas Semdeg, rac igi
daiorTqleba). rekomendebulia Tbil SenobaSi Sesvlis win
avtomatis gare zedapiris gawmenda iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT
gaJRenTili ZonZiT.
48. avtomati, romelic unda CavabaroT sawyobSi xangrZlivi
droiT Sesanaxad, SevzeToT iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT, SevaxvioT
erT fena ingibitirebul, xolo Semdeg erT fena parafinirebul
qaRaldSi.
49. avtomatis degazacia, dezaqtivacia da dezinfeqcia
sruldeba
qvedanayofis meTauris miTiTebiT.



63
avtomatis vaznebis Senaxva da dacva

50. qvedanayofebSi avtomatis vaznebis Senaxvaze pasuxs agebs
qvedanayofis meTauri, avtomati inaxeba yovelTvis daclili,
amasTan savaze kolofi da xiSt-dana moxsnilia, Caxmaxi
daSvebulia, gadamyvani mcvelzea, samiznis CarCiki dayenebulia
avtomatze `II~ danayofze, avtomati ixsneba mcvelidan mxolod
datenisa da srolis win.
meavtomate valdebulia yovelTvis iqonios avtomati sufTa
da gamarTul mdgomareobaSi, faqizad moepyros mas da Seamowmos
61-e muxlSi aRweril SemTxvevaSi.
damrtmel-sasxleti meqanizmis muSaobis Semowmebisas ar
SeiZleba Caxmaxis zedmetad daSveba.
51. yazarmaSi an banakSi ganlagebisas avtomati inaxeba
piramidaSi; imave piramidis gansakuTrebul ganyofilebaSi inaxeba
savazne kolofebi, CanTebi savazne kolofebisaTvis, xiSt-dana
qarqaSSi, sazeTuri da dasakeckondaxiani avtomatis SaliTa,
agreTve dasakeckondaxiani avtomatis penali, savazne kolofis
CanTa, qamari da SaliTa unda inaxebodes sufTa da mSral
mdgomareobaSi.
52. romelime SenobaSi droebiTi ganlagebisas, avtomati unda
SevinaxoT mSral adgilas, karebidan, Rumelebidan da gasaTbobi
xelsawyoebidan moSorebiT. sabrZolo viTarebaSi avtomati Tan
unda viqonioT (xelSi).
53. mecadineobebze msvlelobisas an laSqrobisas avtomati
gadaitaneba qamriT, mdgomareobaSi `qamarze~ an `zurgze~, an
mdgomareobaSi avtomati `mkerdze~. qamari unda movargoT ise,
rom avtomati ar ertymeodes aRWurvilobis magar sagnebs.
avtomati gadaitaneba mierTebuli savazne kolofiT. danarCeni
savazne kolofebi gadagvaqvs CanTiT. rogorc wesi,
dasakeckondaxiani avtomati gadaitaneba dakecili kondaxiT.
mecadineobisa da laSqrobis dros Sesvenebisas, avtomati
meavtomates uWiravs xelSi an qamriT mxarze aqvs gadakidebuli.
54. avtomobilebiT an javSantransportiorebiT
gadaadgilebisas avtomati unda daviWiroT muxlebs Soris
vertikalur mdgomareobaSi, xolo qveiTi jaris sabrZolo
64
manqanebze, amas garda, avtomati SeiZleba Cadebuli iyos
skivrSi. tankebze gadaadgilebisas avtomati unda daviWiroT
xelSi da davicvaT igi javSanze mijaxebisagan.
55. rkinigziT an sazRvao da samdinaro gzebiT gadayvanisas
avtomatebi unda Caiwyos specialur piramidaSi. Tu vagoni an
gemi ar aris mowyobili piramidebiT, avtomati SeiZleba
daviWiroT xelSi an davdoT Taroze ise, rom gamoiricxos misi
gadmovardnis an dazianebis SesaZlebloba.
56. lulis gabervis an gaskdomis Tavidan asacileblad
akrZalulia lulis arxis raimeTi dacoba. avtomati unda
davicvaT raTa, lulis arxSi wyali ar moxvdes. lulis arxSi
wylis moxvedris SemTxvevaSi srolis dawyebamde daviWiroT
avtomati lulis salule nawiliT dabla, gadavwioT moZravi
nawilebi ukan da ramdenjerme davferTxoT avtomati; amasTan
wyali gamoedineba lulis arxidan.
57. vaznebi unda SevinaxoT mSral da SeZlebisdagvarad mzis
sxivebisagan dafarul adgilze.
vaznebs unda movepyraT frTxilad, davicvaT dazianebisagan,
tenisa da WuWyisagan. vaznebis SezeTva akrZalulia, aseve
dauSvebelia vaznebis dakargva.















65
Tavi VI

avtomatis sakontrolo
daTvaliereba da misi momzadeba srolisaTvis

saerTo debuleba

58. avtomatis gamarTulobis, sisufTavis, SezeTvis
Semowmebisa da misi srolisaTvis mosamzadeblad xdeba
avtomatis sakuTnosa da savazne kolofebis sakontrolo
daTvaliereba.
59. jariskacebi da serJantebi aTvaliereben avtomatebs :
- yovedRiurad;
- ganwesSi gasvlis win;
- mecadineobaze gasvlis win, sabrZolo viTarebaSi,
periodulad drois ganmavlobaSi da sabrZolo
amocanebis Sesrulebis win;
- wmendis dros.
60. oficrebi aTvaliereben avtomatebs periodulad, Sinagani
wesdebiT dadgenil vadebSi, agreTve srolis win, ganwesSi
gasvlisa da sabrZolo amocanis Sesrulebis win.
61. avtomatis savazne kolofebisa da sakuTnos yovelgvari
gamarTuloba dauyovnebliv unda aRmoifxvras. Tu gaumarTaobis
aRmofxvrva qvedanayofSi ar SeiZleba, avtomatis savazne
kolofebi da sakuTno unda gadaigzavnos saremonto
saxelosnoSi.
62. avtomatis normaluri moxvedrebis damrRvevi
damaxasiaTebeli gaumarTaoba SeiZleba iyos Semdegi:
- samizne motexili an moRunulia, gadaxrilia gverdze, zeviT
an qveviT, tyvia frenisas gadaiweva samiznis wveris
gadadgilebis sapirispiro mxares.
- samizne Tamasa gaRunuli an gadaxrilia, tyvia frenisas
gadaixreba samizne Tamasis fafris ganaWeris gadaadgilebis
mimarTulebiT.
- moRunulia lula, tyvia frenisas gadaixreba lulis
nawilis gaRunvis mxares, amonatexebi lulis salule Wrilze,
66
lulis arxis gaxexva (gansakuTrebiT salule nawilSi),
naWdevis ferdebis, niJaris gaceTva da kuTxeTa momrgvaleba,
samizne Tamasis, samiznis, kondaxis ryeva yovelive es xels
uwyobs tyviebis gafantvas.


jariskacebisa da serJantebis mier avtomatis
sakontrolo daTvalierebis wesebi

63. yoveldRiuri daTvalierebisas davrwmundeT adgilzea Tu
ara avtomatis yvela nawili da SevamowmoT: xom ar aris gare
nawilebze Jangi, WuWyi, agreTve naWyleti, nakawri, amonatexi da
sxva dazianeba, romelsac SeuZlia gamoiwvios meqanizmebis
normaluri muSaobis darRveva; xom ar aris xis, plastmasis
nawilebze naxeTqebi, amonaxleCebi da naWyletebi, saimedod aris
Tu ara damagrebuli zumba, amas garda, daSlis gareSe
SevamowmoT avtomatis xilvadi nawilebis SezeTuloba, qamris
arseboba, xolo dasakeckondaxian avtomatze avtomatis SaliTis
arseboba.
64. ganwessa da mecadineobaze gasvlis win da sabrZolo
viTarebaSi avtomatis daTvalierebisas Semowmeba unda
CavataroT yoveldRiuri daTvalierebisas. amas garda,
SevamowmoT korisa da samiznis gamarTuloba, davrwmundeT, rom
lulis arxi Tavisufalia ucxo sagnebisagan. SevamowmoT
nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaobis siswore. korisa da
samiznis gamarTulobis Semowmebisas davrwmundeT, rom koris
Tamasis fafris amonaWerze ar aris amonatexebi, CarCiki nela
gadaadgildeba samizne Tamasaze da saimedod magrdeba dayenebul
mdgomareobaSi saketelaTi. zambara amagrebs koris Tamasas,
samizne ar aris gaRunuli da mtkiced aris damagrebuli
Tavkavze, niSani Tavkavze emTxveva samiznis fuZeze arsebul
niSans, Tavkavi mtkiced aris damagrebuli samiznis fuZeze,
tviamfrqvevis samarjvi Tavisuflad gadaadgildeba qnevaras
brunvisas da saimedod fiqsirdeba. mowmdeba samarjvsa da
samizneze mnaTi naerTis arseboba da RamiT srolis
mowyobilobis fiqsirebis simtkice mocemul mdgomareobaSi.
67
Ramis samiznian avtomatebze, garda amisa, mowmdeba
universaluri RamiT srolis samiznis (uRss) damagrebis
simtkice da misi muSaobis unarianoba.
nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaobis sisworis Sesamowmeblad
saWiroa:
_ davayenoT gadamyvani avtomatur cecxlze (AB). gadavwioT
saketis CarCo saxeluriT bolomde ukan, davaWiroT sasxlet
kauWs da daviWerT ra saketis CarCos saxeluriT, nela
gavuSvaT igi; saketis CarCos misvlisas ukidures wina
mdgomareobaSi unda gaismas tkacani-Caxmaxis dartyma
damrtymelze;
_ davayenoT gadamyvani erTeul () cecxlze, davayenoT
sasxlet kauWze, gadavWimoT saketis CarCo saxeluriT bolomde
ukan da sasxleti kauWis gauSveblad, gavuSvaT saketis CarCo;
gavuSvaT sasxleti kauWi, amasTan unda gaismas tkacani.
erTeuli cecxlis SemkavebelTan CaWidvisagan gaTavisuflebuli
Caxmaxi dgeba sabrZolo fexze; amis Semdeg davayenoT avtomati
mcvelze da davaWiroT sasxlet kauWze; sasxleti kauWis bolo
ar unda gadadiodes ukan, xolo Caxmaxi unda darCes sabrZolo
fexze; movxsnaT avtomati mcvelidan da davaWiroT sasxleti
kauWze, amasTan unda gaismas damrtymelze Caxmaxis dartymis xma.
gadamyvanis gadawevisas SevamowmoT, saimedod magrdeba Tu ara
igi dayenebul mdgomareobaSi.
dasakeckondaxian avtomatze SevamowmoT fiqsatorisa da
kondaxis saketelebis moqmedebis energiuloba, gadaxsnil da
dakecil mdgomareobaSi kondaxis fiqsirebis simtkice, agreTve
SevamowmoT misi uryeoba.
65. wmendis dros avtomatis daTvalierebisas calke
SevamowmoT yoveli nawili da meqanizmi da davrwmundeT, rom
liTonis nawilebi ar aris aqerclili, CaJeJili, daJanguli da
gaWuWyianebuli, xolo xis (plastmasis) nawilebi _ daxeTqili
da Camtvreuli, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mivaqcioT lulis
arxis, gazis kameris, gazis milakisa da gazis dguSis
mdgomareobas.
66. sakuTnos daTvalierebisas SevamowmoT sakuTnos yvela
sagnis arseboba da gamarTuloba.
68
sawmendelasa da jagrisis Sesamowmeblad rigrigobiT
davxraxnoT isini zumbaze da TvaliT SevamowmoT, xom ar
gaiRuna isini; sawmendela da jagrisi mtkiced unda damagrdes
zumbaze, xolo sawmendelas zeda nawili Tavisuflad brunavdes;
jagrisi unda iyos sufTa, misi jagari ar unda cviodes.
penali ar unda iyos damskdari, daJeJili da gaRunuli.
penalis mcire gverdiT xvrelSi ar unda eteodes zumbis Tavi,
sazeTuri ar unda iyos damskdari da gatexili. sazeTuris
Tavsaxurs unda hqondes Sua sadebi da mWidrod unda
exraxnebodes sazeTuris yels. sazeTuridan ar unda Jonavdes
zeTi.
saxraxnisis piri da misi amonaWrebis gverdebi ar unda iyos
gadaRunuli da gacveTili. magdebela ar unda iyos gaRunuli,
mWidi da gadamyvani ar unda iyos damskdari, CaWyletili da
daJeJili. vaznebs unda hqondeT mWidis kiloebSi Tavisuflad
gadaadgilebis saSualeba da maT gamovardnisagan unda ikavebdes
firfitisebri zambaris gadanakecebi. mWidi nebismieri boloTi
Tavisuflad unda Sediodes gadamsvlelSi da magrdebodes masSi
firfitisebri zambariT.
gadamyvani Tavisuflad unda ecemodes savazne kolofis zeda
nawils, amasTan gadamyvanis gadanakecebi unda Sediodnen savazne
kolofis saTanado kiloebSi.
avtomatis daTvalierebisas gamovlenili yvela gaumarTaobis
Sesaxeb jariskacebma da serJantebma dauyovnebliv unda
moaxsenon Tavis meTaurs.


oficrebis mier avtomatis sakontrolo
daTvalierebis wesi

67. oficrebi aTvaliereben avtomatebs awyobil da daSlil
mdgomareobaSi.
68. awyobili avtomati unda davaTvalieroT 64-e da 65-e
muxlebis Sesabamisad. amas garda, unda SevamowmoT:
1) savazneSi vaznebis miwodeba, masrebis amoReba da arekvla:
aRvWurvoT savazne kolofi saswavlo vaznebiT, mivaerToT igi
avtomatze da savazne kolofis saketelaze xelis daWeris
69
gareSe, xelis moZraobiT vcadoT savazne kolofis moxsna
savazne kolofi Tavisuflad unda Sediodes lulis kolofis
sarkmelSi da saimedod magrdebodes savazne kolofis
saketelaTi. ramdenimejer gadavtenoT avtomati, amasTan
saswavlo vaznebi Seuferxeblad unda gadadiodes savazne
kolofidan savazneSi da energiulad vardebodes lulis
kolofidan gareT.
2) kondaxis gamarTuloba. kondaxis firfitis xraxnebi
bolomde unda iyos daxraxnili, xraxnebis Tavis Wrili
gawmendili. firfitis sarqvelze TiTis daWerisas penali mZime
zambaris zemoqmedebiT unda gamoiwios kondaxis budidan
imdenad, rom SesaZlebeli iyos misi xeliT gamoReba, dasakeci
kondaxi unda SevamowmoT ise, rogorc naCvenebia 66-e muxlSi.
amas garda, SevamowmoT xom ar aris gatexili avtomatis
kondaxi.
3) savazne kolofebis gamarTuloba: savazne kolofi ar unda
iyos damskdari, amotexili da aqerclili korpussa da
gadanakecebSi, ramac SeiZleba Seaferxos vaznebis miwodeba.
saCeri Tamasis Sverili saimedod unda iWerdes savazne
kolofis sarqvels. mimwodebeli zambaris zemoqmedebiT
energiulad unda brundebodes zeda mdgomareobaSi.
4) avtomatis xiSt-danis gamarTuloba. xiSt-dana kargad unda
magrdebodes avtomatze, Tavisuflad exsnebodes mas da kargad
jdebodes qarqaSSi. pirze ar unda hqondes amonatexebi, xolo
qarqaSsa da saxelurze amonatexebi da bzarebi.
69. daSlil mdgomareobaSi avtomatis daTvalierebisaTvis
unda davSaloT arasrulad an srulad da kargad gavamSraloT
nawilebi.
daSlil mdgomareobaSi avtomatis daTvalierebisas SevadaroT
mis nawilebze arsebuli nomrebi (mux.5) da saguldagulod
davaTvalieroT yoveli nawili da meqanizmi, raTa davrwmundeT,
rom liTonis nawilebi ar aris gacveTili, CaRunuli,
CaWyletili, daJanguli, daWuWyianebuli, ar aris moglejili
kuTxvili, xis nawilebze SevamowmoT naxeTqebisa da
danartyamebis, xolo plastmasis nawilebze _ naxeTqebisa da
ganatexebis ararseboba.
70
1) lulis daTvalierebisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda
mivaqcioT lulis arxis mdgomareobas. lulis arxi unda
davaTvalieroT salule nawilis mxridan. amisaTvis lulis
kolofSi movaTavsoT TeTri qaRaldi, lula daviWiroT iseT
mdgomareobaSi, rom Suqi ireklebodes qaRaldidan da anaTebdes
lulis arxs. savazne unda davaTvalieroT bolo nawilis
mxridan.
lulis arxSi SeiZleba SevamCnioT Semdegi nakli:
- gaxurebis bade, urTierTgadamkveTi wvrili zolebis saxiT,
rogorc wesi, mdebareobs bolo nawilSi, Semdgom, srolisas,
gaxurebis badis adgilebSi warmoiSoba naxeTqebi da iwyeba
qromis danamceceba calkeuli wertilebis saxiT, Semdeg
danamceceba Zlierdeba da gadadis qromis amotexaSi, qromis
amotexis adgilebis arasakmarisad kargad gawmendam SeiZleba
gamoiwvios Jangis warmoSoba.
niJarebi _ mniSvnelovani CaRrmavebebi liTonSi, warmoiSoba
lulidan xangrZlivi srolis (lulis gaxurebis) an qromis
amotexis adgilebSi Jangis xangrZlivi zemoqmedebis Sedegad;
lula, romelSic warmoiSoba qromis amonatexi an niJarebi
srolis Semdeg unda gaiwmindos gansakuTrebiT saguldagulod.
SeiaraRebuli TvaliT SesamCnevi naWdevis gaxexva an naWdevis
ferdebis kuTxeebis damrgvaleba (gansakuTrebiT, marcxena
wiboze).
lulis gaberva romelic SeimCneva lulis arxSi ganivi
muqi (Crdilovani) mWidro rkalis (naxevarkalis) saxiT an
lulis gare zedapirze liTonis amozneqiT.
gaberili lulidan srolis SesaZleblobas gansazRvravs
oficeri. avtomati, romlis lulac rkaliseburad odnav aris
gaberili lulis gare zedapirze liTonis amozneqis gareSe,
Semdgomi srolisaTvis gamosadegia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi
pasuxobs normaluri moxvedrebis moTxovnebs. lulis arxis
gamovlenili naklovanebebi unda SevitanoT avtomatis
Tvisebrivi mdgomarebis baraTSi, formulaSi.
lulis garedan daTvalierebisas SevamowmoT xom ar aris
gazis kameris milyelis Wrilze amonatexebi da SevamowmoT
fiqsatoris moqmedeba. TiTis daWeriT fiqsatori iolad unda
71
iZirebodes, xolo ganTavisuflebis Semdeg gadiodes Tavisi
budidan da iRebdes pirvandel mdgomareobas, Sediodes lulis
muxruW-kompensatoris (kompensatoris) RarSi, CaZiruli
fiqsatorisas lulis muxruW-kompensatori (kompensatoris)
Zaldautaneblad unda amoixraxnebodes lulidan.
2) lulis kolofis daTvalierebisas SevamowmoT: xom ar
aris gatexili lulis kolofis amreklavi Sverili, xom ar
aris gaRunuli an amotexili gadanakecebi, xom ar iryeva
kondaxi da pistoletis saxeluri, muSaobs Tu ara savazne
kolofis saketela zambara.
3) saketis CarCos daTvalierebisas yuradReba mivaqcioT
gazis dguSis damagrebas, romelsac unda hqondes umniSvnelod
ryevis saSualeba.
4) saketis daTvalierebisas mivaqcioT yuradReba
damrtymelisa da gamommgdebis gamarTulobas.
damrtymelis gamarTulobis Sesamowmeblad saketi movaqcioT
vertikalur mdgomareobaSi, amis Semdeg movabrunoT 180
gradusiT, damrtymeli unda gadaadgildes saketSi sakuTari
wonis zemoqmedebiT. gavwioT damrtymeli bolomde win,
sacemeli unda gamodiodes saketis Wrilis fskeris xvrelidan,
sacemeli ar unda iyos aqerclili an Zalian gaxurebuli.
gamommgdebis gamarTulobis Sesamowmeblad TiTiT gadavwioT
igi gverdze da gavuSvaT gamommgdebi, igi zambaris zemoqmedebiT,
energiulad unda dabrundes pirvandel mdgomareobaSi, CavdoT
saswavlo vazna gamommgdebis CamWidis qveS da vcadoT misi win
gamoReba vaznas mtkiced unda ikavebdes gamommgdebis CamWidi.
igi ar unda iyos aqerclili.
5) damabrunebeli da damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmebis
nawilebis daTvalierebisas SevamowmoT: xom ar aris gatexili
an gaRunuli zambarebi, daxeTqili da gatexili nawilebi.


sabrZolo vaznebis daTvaliereba

70. vaznebis daTvaliereba xdeba srolisa da ganwesSi
gasvlis win, meTauris gankargularebiT.
72
vaznebis daTvalierebisas SevamowmoT:
- xom ar aris gaWyletili da daJanguli masrebi, xom ar
iryeva tyvia masris lulaSi;
- xom ar aris kafsuli mwvaned Seferili da xom ar iCreba
kafsuli masris fskeris zedapirze maRla.
- xom ar aris sabrZolo vaznebs Soris saswavlo vaznebi.
yvela gaumarTavi vazna unda CavyaroT sawyobSi. Tu vaznebi
daimtvra, daWuWyianda, daifara cotaodeni nafifqiT an JangiT,
aucilebelia maTi mSrali, sufTa ZonZiT gawmenda. akrZalulia
vaznebis gawmenda zeTiT gaJRenTili ZonZiT da maTi Cawyoba
Signidan Zalian SezeTil savazne kolofebSi.


avtomatis momzadeba srolisaTvis

71. avtomatis momzadeba srolisaTvis xdeba srolis dros
misi Seuferxebeli muSaobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.
avtomatis srolisaTvis momzadeba xdeba aTeulis meTauris
xelmZRvanelobiT.
72. srolisaTvis avtomatis mosamzadeblad aucilebelia:
- gavwmindoT daSlil mdgomareobaSi, davaTvalieroT da
SevzeToT avtomati;
- davaTvalieroT awyobili avtomati;
- davaTvalieroT savazne kolofebi.
uSualod srolis win kargad gavamSraloT lulis arxi
(kuTxviliani nawili da savazne). davaTvalieroT vaznebi da
aRvWurvoT savazne kolofebi.
Tu avtomati xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi iyo yinvaSi,
maSin mis datenamde xeliT ramdenimejer energiulad gadavwioT
ukan da gavwioT win saketis CarCo.






73
Tavi VII

avtomatis moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da
misi miyvana normalur moxvedrebamde

saerTo debulebani

73. qvedanayofSi arsebuli avtomati yovelTvis miyvanili
unda iyos normalur moxvedrebamde.
avtomatis moxvedrebis sizuste mowmdeba;
- qvedanayofSi misi miRebisas;
- im nawilebis garemontebis an gamocvlis Semdeg, romelTac
SeeZloT misi moxvedrebis sizustis Secvla;
- srolis dros tyviebis normaze metad gadaxris aRmoCenisas;
- sabrZolo viTarebaSi avtomatis moxvedrebis sizustis
periodulad Semowmebisa da misi normalur moxvedrebamde
miyvanisaTvis gamoyenebuli unda iqnas yovelgvari SesaZlebloba.
74. moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmebamde avtomati
saguldagulod unda davaTvalieroT da aRmovfxvraT
gamovlenili gaumarTaobani.
75. avtomatis moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da misi miyvana
normalur moxvedrebamde sruldeba aseulis (batareis,
oceulis, instruqtoris) meTauris xelmZRvanelobiT,
sasroleTze wynar amindSi daxurul tirSi an sasroleTis
qarisagan dacul ubanze, normaluri ganaTebisas.
pirdapiri ufrosebi (nawilis meTauris CaTvliT) movaleni
arian Tvalyuri adevnon avtomatis moxvedrebis sizustis
Semowmebisa da misi normalur moxvedrebamde miyvanis wesebis
zust dacvas.
76. srola avtomatis moxvedrebis sizustis Sesamowmeblad da
misi normalur moxvedrebamde miyvanisas sruldeba jariskacebis
(msrolelebis) mier individualurad.
77. avtomatis moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da misi
normalur moxvedrebamde miyvana xdeba Cveulebrivi
foladisgulariani vaznebis sroliT. srolis siSore 100 m,
kora_3, mdgomareoba srolisaTvis: avtomatiT wolela,
74
sayrdeniT. avtomati xiSt-danis gareSe. avtomatis normalur
moxvedrebamde miyvana xdeba lulis muxruW-kompensatorianad
(kompensatorianad), romlebic maT Semdgom srolisas ar
exsnebaT.
78. isvrian Sesamowmebel niSanSi an 35 sm-is simaRlisa da 25
sm-is siganis Sav marTkuTxedSi, igi magrdeba 1 m-is simaRlisa
da 0,5 m-is siganis farze, romelic idgmeba miwis zedapiris
doneze (sxivi ar unda gadiodes). Sesamowmebel niSanSi #1
srolisas (nax.48) damiznebis wertilad miRebulia niSnis qveda
kidis Suawertili, AKM avtomatiT srolisas pirvel, xolo
-74 gadaWril mexuTe horizontalur xazze; sakontrolo
wertilad miRebulia wreebis centri, Sav marTkuTxedSi
srolisas damiznebis wertilad miRebulia marTkuTxedis kidis
Sua wertili; sakontrolo wertilis mdebareoba aRiniSneba
vertikalur zolze damiznebis wertilis zemoT, AKM
avtomatiT srolisas 25sm, xolo -74iT srolisas 13 sm-is
manZilze, damiznebis wertili unda imyofebodes daaxloebiT
msrolelis Tvalis doneze.


moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da normalur
moxvedrebamde miyvana

79. moxvedrebis sizustis Sesamowmeblad msroleli asrulebs
3 erTeul gasrolas (avtomatis normalur moxvedrebamde
miyvanisaTvis gankuTvnilia 18 vazna). Sesamowmebeli niSnis (Savi
marTkuTxedis) qveda Sua wertilis qveS erTgvari da
gulmodgine damiznebiT (dro srolisaTvis ganusazRvrelia).
srolis damTavrebisas, meTauri (instruqtori), romelic
xelmZRvanelobs moxverebis sizustis Semowmebas msrolelebTan
erTad, aTvalierebs natyviarebis gafantvis gabarits, misi
diametri ar unda aRematebodes 15 sm-s. Tu gafantvis gabariti
damakmayofilebelia, natyviarebisagan Seadgens samkuTxeds da
centrs (moxvedrebis saSualo wertils) aRniSnavs cifriT `1~,
ris Semdegac msroleli brundeba sacecxle poziciaze (xazze)
da isvris momdevno 3 gasrolian jgufs. Semdeg isev srolis
xelmZRvanelTan (instruqtorTan) amowmebs natyviarebis
gabarits, da Tu gafantvis gabariti damakmayofilebelia,
natyviarebisagan Seadgens samkuTxeds da centrs aRniSnavs
75
cifriT `2~. Semdeg moniSnavs orive jgufis centrs (moxvedris
saSualo wertils) - `X~.
Tu orive jgufis natyviari Tavsdeba 16 sm-iani diametris
wreSi, msroleli arkvevs, Tu saiT da ra sididiT unda
gadaadgildes moxvedris saSualo wertili imisaTvis, rom
avtomati mivides normalur moxvedrebamde (ganisazRvreba
moxvedris saSualo wertilis daSoreba sakontrolo
wertilidan vertikalur da horizontalur sibrtyeSi).
Tu moxvedris saSualo wertili imyofeba sakontrolo
wertilis qveviT, samizne unda CavxraxnoT, Tu zeviT
amovxraxnoT.
Tu moxvedris saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertilis
marcxnivaa - samizne mowyobilobis niSani gavwioT marcxniv, Tu
marjvnivaa marjvniv.
samizne mowyobilobis niSnis 1 mm-iT gverdze (marjvniv-
marcxniv) gadawevisas moxvedris saSualo wertili avtomatiT
100 m-ze srolisas gadaiweva 26 sm-iT, xolo niSnis erTi
sruli bruniT (360
0
) mobruneba gadaadgilebs moxvedris
saSualo wertils 20 sm-ze.
samizne mowyobilobis regulirebis Semdeg msroleli
ganagrZobs srolas avtomati normalur moxvedrebamde
misayvanad.


nax. 48. Sesamowmebeli niSani #1
76

82. sami natyviaris moxvedris Sua wertilis
gansazRvrisaTvis saWiroa:
- natyviarebi SevaerToT swori xazebiT, maTi Suaguli iqneba
moxverebis saSualo wertili. (nax.49).


nax. 49. moxvedris Sua wertilis gansazRvra


RamiT srolis samizne universaluri (),
moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da normalur
moxvedrebamde miyvana

83. (AKM da -74) avtomatebis Ria samizniT moxvedrebis
sizustis Semowmebisa da normalur moxvedrebamde miyvanis
damTavrebis Semdeg warmoebs RamiT srolis samizne
universaluris (), normalur moxvedrebamde miyvanisaTvis
dRis an bindbundis pirobebSi saWiroa:
- SevamowmoT, Seesabameba Tu ara Ramis samizneze dayenebuli
damiznebis kuTxeebis skalis niSandeba konkretuli iaraRis
tips: avtomatze AKM-1 (AKM-1) unda iyos niSandeba
AKM, avtomatze -74 (-74) - -74;
- davamagroT Ramis samizne avtomatze;
- davamagroT avtomati samizne dazgaze;
- davayenoT avtomatis samizne Tamasaze danayofi 3
avtomatisaTvis AKMH-1 (AKMCH-1) da danayofi 4
avtomatisaTvis AK74H (AKC74H);
77
- Ria amosamizniT davumiznoT iaraRi 100 metriT
dacilebul damiznebis wertilSi (Sesamowmebeli niSani #1)
iseve, rogorc Ria samizne mowyobilobiT normalur
moxvedrebamde miyvanisas;
- xelsawyoze damiznebis kuTxeebis skala davayenoT danayofze
3 avtomatisaTvis AKMH-1(AKMCH-1), da danayofze 4
avtomatisaTvis AK74H (AKC74H).
- davrwmundeT, rom samiznis diafragma daxurulia;
- CavrToT samizne da misi marTvis saSualebebiT mivaRwioT
badis naTebisa da amosamiznis gamosaxulebis optimalur
sidideebs;
- SevamowmoT emTxveva Tu ara badis samizne kuTxvilis
kenwero imave damiznebis wertils, romelzec mimarTulia Ria
samiznis niSani;
- Tu damiznebis wertilebi ar emTxveva, badis samizne
kuTxvilis kenwero unda gadavaadgiloT samizneze meqanikuri
moqmedebebiT ise, rom daemTxves im damiznebis wertils
romelSic mimarTulia Ria samiznis niSani;
- movxsnaT Ramis samiznesTan erTad avtomati samizne
dazgidan;
- sabrZolo vaznebiT sroliT #1 Sesamowmebel niSanSi unda
ganisazRvros srolis SequCuloba da moxvedris saSualo
wertilis mdebareoba, amisaTvis isvrian erTeuli gasrolebiT.
damiznebis wertilia Savi marTkuTxedis qveda kidis Sua
wertili, sakontrolo wertilis mdebareoba aRiniSneba
vertikalur xazze damiznebis wertilis zemoT:
- kalaSnikovis avtomatisaTvis AKMH-1(AKMCH-1) 21 sm;
- kalaSnikovis avtomatisaTvis AK74H (AKC74H) 20 sm;
yoveli gasrola xorcieldeba erTsa da imave damiznebis
wertilSi;
- jariskaci asrulebs 3 erTeul gasrolas da
instruqtorTan erTad amowmebs natyviarebis gafantvis
gabarits, misi diametri ar unda aRematebodes 15 sm-s. Tu
gafantvis gabariti damakmayofilebelia, natyviarebisagan
Seadgens samkuTxeds da centrs (moxvedris saSualo wertils)
aRniSnavs cifriT 1;
- jariskaci brundeba cecxlis xazze da da isvris momdevno
3 vaznian jgufs. Semdeg isev instruqtorTan erTad amowmebs
natyviarebis gafantvis gabarits, da Tu gafantvis gabariti
78
damakmayofilebelia, natyviarebisagan Seadgens samkuTxeds da
centrs aRniSnavs cifriT 2. Semdeg moniSnavs orive jgufis
centrs (moxvedris saSualo wertils) X;
- Tu orive jgufis natyviarebi Tavsdeba 16 sm-iani diametris
wreSi, jariskaci arkvevs, Tu saiT da ra sididiT unda
gadaadgildes moxvedris saSualo wertili imisaTvis, rom
avtomati mivides normalur moxvedramde (ganisazRvreba
moxvedris saSualo wertilis daSoreba sakontrolo
wertilidan vertikalur da horizontalur sibrtyeebSi). Tu
moxvedris saSualo wertili imyofeba sakontrolo wertilis
qveviT, samiznes dolura unda davatrialoT im mxares, saiTac
isari miuTiTebs BBEPX CT, Tu zeviT BH CT; doluras
erTi danayofiT motrialeba 100 metrSi srolisas,
gadaaadgilebs moxvedris saSualo wertils 5 sm-iT.
Tu moxvedris saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertilis
marcxnivaa samiznes mimmarTveli mivatrialoT mimarTulebiT
B CT, xolo Tu marjvnivaa mimarTulebiT B
CT. mimmarTvelis erTi danayofiT motrialeba 100 metrSi
srolisas, gadaaadgilebs moxvedris saSualo wertils 5 sm-iT.
samizne mowyobilobis regulirebis Semdeg jariskaci
agrZelebs srolas avtomatis normalur moxvedrebamde
misayvanad.














79









nawili II


avtomatiT srolis ileTebi
da wesebi

















80
Tavi VIII

avtomatiT srolis ileTebi

saerTo debulebani

84. sabrZolo pirobebSi avtomati gadaitaneba masTan
mierTebuli aRWurvili savazne kolofiT.
85. avtomatiT srola SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvari
mdgomareobidan da nebismieri adgilidan, saidanac Cans mizani an
im adgilmdebareobis ubani, romelzedac mosalodnelia
mowinaaRmdegis gamoCena.
adgilidan qveiT wyobaSi cecxlis gaxsnisTvis msroleli
srolisaTvis iRebs mdgomela, Coqela da wolela mdgomareobas
(adgilmdebareobis pirobebidan da mowinaaRmdegis cecxlidan
gamomdinare).
moZraobaSi cecxlis gaxsna SeiZleba svlisas an xanmokle
SeCerebisas.
javSantransportiorze, qveiTi jaris sabrZolo manqanaze,
avtomobilze, tanksa da sadesanto gadasayvan saSualebebze
gadaadgilebisas meavtomate cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis iRebs misTvis
moxerxebul mdgomareobas, usafrTxoebis zomebis dacviT.
86. sabrZolo pirobebSi msroleli srolisaTvis adgils
ikavebs da moawyobs aTeulis meTauris komandebiT an
damoukideblad, srolisaTvis adgilis dasakaveblad gacemul
komandaSi meTaurma SeiZleba agreTve gansazRvros mowyobisaTvis
saWiro dro, srolisaTvis mdgomareoba, dacxrilvis seqtori an
srolis mimarTuleba.
avtomatidan srolisaTvis aucilebelia iseTi adgilis
SerCeva, romelic uzrunvelyofs saukeTeso TvalTvalsa da
cecxlis daSenas, ifaravs meavtomates mowinaaRmdegis
meTvalyureobisa da cecxlisagan da aZlevs mas srolis
ileTebis moxerxebulad Sesrulebis saSualebas.
viTarebidan gamomdinare, srolisTvis adgili airCeva
tranSeaSi, sangarSi, Wurvisagan warmoqmnil ZabrSi, TxrilSi,
qvis an kunZis ukan da aS.
81
dasaxlebul punqtSi srolisaTvis adgili SeiZleba airCes
Senobis fanjaraSi, sxvenze, nagebobebis saZirkvelSi da aS.
ar aris mizanSewonili srolisaTvis adgilis SerCeva
calkeul gamorCeul adgilobriv sagnebTan axlos, agreTve
maRlobebis Txemebze.
87. srolisaTvis adgilis winaswari momzadebisas
aucilebelia SevamowmoT mocemul seqtorSi an mimarTulebaze
cecxlis warmoebis SesaZlebloba, risTvisac avtomati
Tanamimdevrulad unda davumiznoT sxvadasxva adgilobriv
sagnebs.
moxerxebulobisa da avtomatiT srolis efeqturobis
amaRlebisaTvis, aucilebelia salulisaTvis sayrdenis momzadeba.
88. srolisaTvis adgilis dasakaveblad gaicema komanda,
magaliTad: `esa da es meavtomate, srolis ama da am adgilze
brZolisaTvis.~ am komandiT meavtomate, adgilmdebareobasTan
SewyobiT, swrafad ikavebs srolisaTvis adgils da emzadeba
srolisaTvis.
89. srolisaTvis adgilis Sesacvlelad gaicema komanda,
magaliTad: `aman da am meavtomatem gadairbinos aqa da aq - win.~
am komandiT meavtomate isaxavs axal adgilze win wawevis gzas,
farul adgilebs SeCerebisaTvis da gadaadgilebis xerxs, Tu
igi ar iqna komandiT miTiTebuli.
viTarebidan da adgilmdebareobis xasiaTidan gamomdinare
meavtomate brZolisas gadaadgildeba sirbiliT, aCqarebuli
nabijiT, gadarbeniT an gadaxoxviT. gadaadgilebis dawyebamde
avtomati dgeba mcvelze.
sirbiliT, aCqarebuli nabijiT da gadarbeniT moZraobisas
avtomati unda davikavoT erTi an orive xeliT, rogorc ufro
moxerxebulia.
gadaxoxvisas avtomati unda daviWiroT marjvena xeliT
qamriT zeda rgol rkalTan an saluliT (nax.50).
90. sacecxle amocanebis warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis
meavtomate srulyofilad unda flobdes avtomatiT srolis
ileTebs.
82

nax. 50. avtomatis dakaveba plastunuri xoxvis dros

yovelma meavtomatem unda ixelmZRvanelos srolis ileTebis
Sesrulebis saerTo wesebiT da iTvaliswinebs ra Tavis
individulaur Taviseburebebs unda gamoimuSaos da gamoiyenos
yvelaze ufro xelsayreli da mdgradi mdgomareoba
srolisaTvis, miaRwios Tavis korpusis xelebisa da fexebis
erTgar mdgomareobaSi dayenebas. meavtomatis fizikuri
Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, nebadarTulia srolis warmoeba
marcxena mxridan, damizneba orive gaxelili TvaliT da a.S.
91. avtomatiT srola Sedgeba srolisaTvis gamzadebisagan,
srolis (gasrolis) warmoebisa da srolis Sewyvetisagan.


srolisaTvis momzadeba

92. meavtomate srolisaTvis emzadeba komandiT an
damoukideblad. saswavlo mecadineobaze srolisaTvis gamzadebis
komanda SeiZleba gaices gancalkevebulad, mag. `cecxlis gaxsnis
zRudeze, nabijiT-iar~ da Semdeg `datene~.
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi `datene~ komandis win mieTiTeba
mdgomareoba srolisaTvis.
93. srolisaTvis gamzadeba Seicavs srolisaTvis mdgomarebis
miRebasa da avtomatis datenas.
94. srolisaTvis wolela mdgomareobis misaRebad saWiroa:
1) Tu avtomati moTavsebulia mdgomareobaSi `qamarze~,
avwioT marjvena xeli qamriT cota zemoT da avtomatis mxridan
moxsnisas daviWiroT igi marcxena xelSi sasxleti kaviTa da
lulis kolofiT, Semdeg aviRoT avtomati marjvena xelSi
lulis zesadebiTa da saluliT, salule nawiliT win. amasTan,
erTdroulad marjvena fexiT gadavdgaT sruli nabiji win da
odnav marjvniv. davixaroT win, daveSvaT marcxena muxlze da
83
davdoT marcxena xeli miwaze sxeulis win, TiTebiT marjvniv
(nax.51a) Semdeg marcxena fexis barZaysa da marcxena xelis
winamxarze Tanmimdevrulad dayrdnobiT, davwveT marcxena
mxareze da swrafad gadmovbrundeT mucelze, fexebi gavSaloT
odnav ganze, wverebiT SigniT; avtomati saluliT davdoT
marcxena xelisgulze (nax.51b).


nax. 51. avtomatiT srolisaTvis wolela
mdgomareobis miRebis wesi
a. meavtomate eyrdnoba marcxena muxlsa da marcxena xels;
b. avtomati daWerilia saluliT marcxena xelSi.

2) avtomati `mkerdze~ mdgomareobaSia, marcxena xeliT
aviRoT avtomati saluliTa da lulis zesadebiT, avwioT igi
odnav zemoT da win, gamoviRoT marjvena xeli qamris qveSidan,
Semdeg gadavigdoT qamari Tavs ukan da aviRoT avtomati
marjvena xelSi lulis zesadebiTa da saluliT, salule
nawiliT win. Semdgom srolisaTvis wolela mdgomareoba miiReba
iseve, rogorc miiReba avtomatis `qamarze~ mdgomareobidan.
95. srolisaTvis Coqela mdgomareobis misRebad saWiroa:
aviRoT avtomati marjvena xelSi (102-e muxli) lulis
zesadebiTa da saluliT, salule nawiliT win da amasTan
erTdroulad, gadavdgamT ra marjvena fexs, daveSvaT marjvena
muxlze da CavjdeT quslze; marcxena fexis wvivi unda darCes
vertikalur mdgomareobaSi, xolo barZayebma unda Seadginon
84
maTTan miaxloebuli kuTxe; gadavitanoT avtomati saluliT
marcxena xelSi, mivmarToT igi miznis mxares (nax.52)

nax. 52. srolisaTvis Coqela mdgomareoba

96. srolisaTvis mdgomela mdgomareobis misaRebad saWiroa:
1) Tu avtomati aris mdgomareobaSi `qamarze~, naxevarbruniT
movabrunoT marjvniv miznis mimarTulebis mimarT da marcxena
fexis miudgomlad, gadavdgaT igi marcxniv daaxloebiT mxrebis
siganeze, rogorc ufro xelsayrelia meavtomatisaTvis, amasTan,
sxeulis simZime Tanabrad unda gavanawiloT orive fexze.
erTdroulad avwioT marjvena xeli qamriT odnav zemoT,
movixsnaT avtomati mxridan, qvemoT daviWiroT igi marcxena
xelSi saluliTa da lulis zesadebiT da energiulad gavwioT
igi saluliT win, miznis mimarTulebiT (nax.53).
2) Tu avtomati `mkerdze~ mdgomareobaSia, qvemodan aviRoT
marcxena xelSi saluliTa da lulis zesadebiT da, avwevT ra
mas ramdenadme zeviT da win, gamoviRoT marjvena xeli qamris
qveSidan, xolo Semdeg gadavigdoT qamari Tavs zemoT.
erTdroulad movbrundeT naxevarbruniT marjvniv da marcxena
fexis miudgomlad, gadavdgaT igi marcxniv daaxloebiT mxrebis
siganeze, rogorc ufro xelsayrelia meavtomatisaTvis da
energiulad gavwioT avtomati salule nawiliT win, miznis
mimarTulebiT (nax.53).
85

nax. 53. srolisaTvis mdgomela mdgomareoba

97. srolisaTvis mdgomareobis miRebisas, roca avtomati
`mkerdze~ mdgomareobaSia, SeiZleba qamari kisridan ki ar
movixsnaT, aramed gamoviyenoT igi srolisas avtomatis ufro
myarad daWerisaTvis (nax.54a,b).


nax. 54. mdgomareoba avtomatiT srolisaTvis qamris gamoyenebiT
a. Coqela; b. mdgomela;

98. avtomatis dasatenad saWiroa:
- aRWurvili savazne kolofi mivaerToT avtomatTan (mux.7.
p.10), Tu igi ar iyo mierTebuli;
86
- movxsnaT avtomati mcvelidan;
- energiulad gavwioT saketis CarCo bolomde ukan da
gavuSvaT igi;
- davayenoT avtomati mcvelze (nax.55), Tu cecxli
dauyovnebliv ar unda gaixsnas da ar gaica komanda `cecxli~
da gadavitanoT marjvena xeli pistoletis saxelurze.


nax. 55. avtomati dayenebulia mcvelze

99. Tu avtomatis datenis win savazne kolofi ar iqna
vaznebiT aRWurvili an vaznebi daixarja srolisaTvis, maSin
aucilebelia savazne kolofis aRWurva.
savazne kolofis vaznebiT aRWurvisaTvis unda aviRoT igi
marcxena xelSi sayeluriT zeviT da amozneqili mxriT
marcxniv, xolo marjvena xelSi vaznebi, tyviebiT nekisaken
ise, rom masris fskeri cer da saCvenebel TiTebze odnav zemoT
iyos. daviWiroT savazne kolofi marcxniv mcire gadaxriT,
ceris daWeriT (nax.56) vaznebi TiTo-TiTod CavdoT gverdiTi
kedlebis gadanakecebis qveS, masris fskeriT savazne kolofis
ukana kedlisaken.

nax. 56. savazne kolofis vaznebiT aRWurva
87
savazne kolofis mWidis vaznebiT (-74) aRWurvisaTvis
saWiroa: marcxena xeliT aviRoT savazne kolofi, marjvenaTi
mivuerToT mas gadamyvani ise, rom misi gadanakecebi Sevides
savazne kolofis sayelurze arsebul Sesabamis kiloebSi
(nax.57); daviWiroT savazne kolofi marcxena xelSi, marjvena
xeliT CavsvaT vaznebiani mWidi gadamsvlelSi, amasTan, vaznebi
tyviebiT zemoT unda iyos mimarTuli; marjvena xelis
saCvenebeli TiTis daWeriT zeda vaznis masris korpusze
(fskerTan) da mWidis gatarebiT Sua da saCvenebel TiTebs
Soris, CavZiroT vaznebi savazne kolofSi.
gamoviRoT gadamyvanidan carieli mWidi, CavsvaT mWidi
axali vaznebiT da bolomde davtenoT savazne kolofi; movxsnaT
savazne kolofidan gadamyvani. mWidis gamoyeneba aCqarebs savazne
kolofis vaznebiT aRWurvas.


nax. 57. -74-is savazne kolofis aRWurva mWidis vaznebiT
1. savazne kolofi; 2. gadamyvani; 3. mWidi; 4. vaznebi.

mWidis vaznebiT aRWurvisaTvis CavsvaT igi gadamsvlelSi ise,
rom igi Sevides gadamyvanis kiloebSi da miebjinos mis
sayrdens. davikavoT gadamyvaniani mWidi marcxena xelSi, marjvena
xeliT daviWerT ra vaznas tyviiT da masris zeda nawils sami
TiTiT (ceri, saCvenebeli da SuaTiTi), CavsvaT igi mWidis
kiloebSi (nax.58a)
mWidis vaznebiT aRWurva SeiZleba gadamyvanis gareSec;
amisaTvis daviWiroT mWidi marcxena xelSi, xolo marjvenaSi
vazna; davaWiroT zambaris CamWids da CavsvaT tyvia mWidsa da
zambaras Soris (CavZiroT CamWidi); CavsvaT vaznebi mWidis
kiloebSi (nax.58b) gamoviRoT vaznis tyvia mWidis zambaris
qveSidan.
88

nax. 58. mWidis aRWurva vaznebiT (-74)
a. gadamsvleliT; b. gadamyvanis gareSe;

100. dasakeckondaxiani avtomatiT srolisaTvis gamzadebisas
avtomatis datenis win unda gadavxsnaT kondaxi (mux.15).
kondaxis gadaxsnisaTvis drois uqonlobisas (mowinaaRmdegis
uecari Tavdasxmisas) meavtomate emzadeba dakecilkondaxiani
avtoamatiT srolisaTvis da isvris, risTvisac avtomats lulis
kolofis ukana nawiliTa da pistoletis saxeluriT miibjens
sxeulze (nax.59).



nax. 59. srolisaTvis mdgomareoba dakecili kondaxiT

89
srola

101. avtomatiT cecxli ixsneba komandebiT an damoukideblad,
dasmuli amocanebidan da viTarebidan gamomdinare.
cecxlis gaxsnis komandaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos vin
isrolos, mizani, kora da damiznebis wertili. magaliTad: `aman
da aman (ama da am meavtomatem), meTvalyureze, oTxi, miznis qveS
- cecxli~, `aTeulo, kolonaze, xuTi, qamarSi cecxli~.
AKM-dan 300m-mde, -74-dan 400 metramde manZilze myof
miznebSi srolisas kora da damiznebis wertili SeiZleba ar
iyos miTiTebuli. mag: meavtomatem, moieriSe qveiTebze _
cecxli. am komandiT meavtomate xsnis cecxls koriT 3, 4 an
`II~, xolo damiznebis wertils irCevs damoukideblad.
102. srola (gasrolis) Seicavs koris, agreTve cecxlis
saWiro saxeobaze gadamyvanis dayenebas. kondaxis mxareze
mibjenas, dazianebas, Caxmaxis daSvebasa da srolisas avtomatis
daWeras.
103. koris dasayeneblad saWiroa mivizidoT avtomati Cvensken.
marjvena xelis ceri da saCvenebeli TiTebiT SevkumSoT CarCikis
saketela (nax.60) da gadavwioT CarCiki misi wina Wrilis
SeTavsebamde samizne Tamsaze arsebuli cifris niSanTan
(danayofTan).


nax. 60. koris dayeneba
90

104. gadamyvanis dasayeneblad cecxlis saWiro saxeobaze
(nax.61a,b) marjvena xelis ceris gadamyvanis Sverilze daWeriT,
unda movabrunoT gadamyvani dabla: pirvel tkacanamde
avtomati cecxlis gaxsnisTvis (AB), meore tkacanamde
erTeuli cecxlis srolisTvis ().


nax. 61. gadamyvanis dayeneba cecxlis saWiro saxeobaze
a. avtomaturi cecxlis gaxsnisTvis; b. erTeuli cecxliT
srolisTvis;

105. avtomatis kondaxis mxarze misabjenad saWiroa:
mxvedvelobidan miznis daukargavad, mivibjinoT kondaxi mxarze
ise, rom vigrZnoT mTeli sakisuris mWidro mibjena mxarTan;
marjvena xelis saCvenebeli TiTi (pirveli saxsriT) davdoT
sasxlet kauWze; davxaroT Tavi odnav win da, kisris
dauZabavad, marjvena loya mivadoT kondaxs.
avtomati marjvena xeliT unda daviWiroT saluliT an
savazne kolofiT, xolo marjvena xeliT pistoletis
saxeluriT (nax.62a,b).

91

nax. 62. avtomatis daWera wolela srolisas
a. marcxena xeliT saluliT; b. marcxena xeliT savazne kolofiT.

avtomatis mxarze mibjenisas idayvebi unda gvqondes:
- dabjenili miwaze yvelaze ufro moxerxebul mdgomareobaSi
(daaxloebiT mxrebis siganeze wolela da sangrebSi mdgomela an
Coqela mdgomareobidan);
- marcxena xelis idayvi, dadebuli marcxena fexis rbilobze,
muxlTan an misgan odnav daSvebuli, xolo marjvena xelis
idayvi aweuli daaxloebiT mxris simaRleze (nax.63a).
sangars gareT Coqela mdgomareobaSi srolisas:
- marcxena xelis idayvi miWerilia gverdTan yumbarebis
CanTis axlos, Tu avtomati gviWiravs savazne kolofiT, xolo
marjvena xelis idayvi aweulia daaxloebiT mxaris simaRleze
(nax.63b) sangars gareT mdgomela mdgomereobidan srolisas.

nax. 63. avtomatis daWera srolisas mdgomareobidan
a. Coqela; b. mdgomela.
92
Tu avtomatis mxarze mibjenisas gamoiyeneba qamari, srolisas
avtomatis ufro myari dakavebisaTvis, maSin saWiroa qamari
movaTavsoT marcxena xelis mtevnis qveS ise, rom man miaWiros
igi salules (nax.64a,b).


nax. 64. srolisas avtomatis daWera qamris
gamoyenebiT mdgomareobidan
a. Coqela; b. mdgomela.

106. dasamizneblad unda movWutoT marcxena Tvali, xolo
marjvenaTi vicqiroT samiznis koris WrilSi ise, rom samizne
moeqces Wrilis SuaSi, xolo misi wveri iyos samizne Tamasis
fafris zeda kideebis doneze, e.i. aviRoT swori samizne (nax.65)
SevikaoT sunTqva amosunTqvis dros. idayvebis gadaadgilebiT,
xolo Tu saWiroa, korpusisa da fexebis gadaadgilebiTac,
miviyvanoT swori samizne damiznebis wertilTan, amasTan
erTdroulad davaWiroT sasxlet kauWs, marjvena xelis
saCvenebeli TiTis pirveli saxsriT damiznebisas Tvalyuri unda
vadevnoT imas, rom samizne Tamasis fafari iyos horizontalur
mdgomareobaSi.

nax. 65. swori samizne
93
107. Caxmaxis dasaSvebad saWiroa myarad daviWiroT avtomati
da sunTqvis SekavebiT, ganvagrZoT sasxlet kauWze nela daWera
manam, sanam Caxmaxi meavtomatis SeumCnevlad ar daeSveba
sabrZolo fexidan, e.i. sanam ar moxdeba gasrola.
Tu damiznebisas swori samizne mniSvnelovnad gadaixreba
damiznebis wertilidan, sasxlet kauWze dawolis Seumcireblad
da gauzrdelad, unda davazustoT damizneba da kvlav
gavaZlieroT sasxlet kauWze daWera.
Caxmaxis daSvebisas ar unda mivaqcioT yuradReba damiznebis
wertilTan swori samiznis msubuq rxevas. damiznebis
wertilTan swori samiznis saukeTeso SeTavsebis momentSi
sasxlet kauWze bolomde daWeris miswrafebas, rogorc wesi,
mivyavarT sasxleti kauWis moqaCvisa da arazusti gasrolisaken.
Tu sasxlet kauWze daWerisas meavtomate igrZnobs, rom aRar
SeuZlia sunTqvis Sekaveba, sasxlet kauWze dawolis
Seumcireblad da gauzrdelad unda ganaaxlos sunTqva da kvlav
Seikavebs ra mas amosunTqvis dros, daazustos damizneba da
ganagrZos sasxlet kauWze daWera.
108. cecxlis gaxsnisas, gansakuTrebiT jerebiT, kondaxi
magrad unda daviWiroT mxarSi, ar SevcvaloT idayvebis
mdgomareoba da SevinarCunoT swori damizneba dazianebis
wertilis qveS. yoveli jeris (gasrolis) Semdeg swrafad unda
aRvadginoT damiznebis siswore. wolela mdgomarebidan
srolisas nebadarTulia savazne kolofiT avtomatis gruntze
mibjena (nax.66).
uwyveti cecxliT srolisas farTo mizanSi nela
gadavaadgiloT swori samizne miznis erTi falangidan meoremde.


nax. 66. avtomatis mdgomareoba srolisas savazne
kolofis gruntze mibjeniT

94
srolis Sewyveta

109. srolis Sewyveta SeiZleba iyos droebiTi da sruli.
110. srolis droebiTi da sruli SewyvetisaTvis, agreTve
moZraobisas srolis dros gaicema komanda - `Sewyvite cecxli~.
am komandebiT meavtomate wyvets sasxlet kauWze daWeras,
ayenebs avtomats mcvelze da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, cvlis
savazne kolofs.
111. savazne kolofis Sesacvlelad saWiroa:
- movxsnaT savazne kolofi avtomatidan.
- mivaerToT aRWurvili savazne kolofi.
Tu savazne kolofidan yvela vazna daixarja, maSin avtomati
unda movxsnaT mcvelidan, gadavwioT saketis CarCo saxeluriT
bolomde ukan, gavuSvaT igi da kvlav davayenoT avtomati
mcvelze.


nax. 67. avtomatis mdgomareoba cecxlis Sewyvetis Semdeg

112. srolis sruli SewyvetisaTvis `sdeq~ an `Sewyvite~
cecxli komandis Semdeg gaicema komanda `dacale~. am komandiT
meavtomate ayenebs avtomats mcvelze, ukan gadaWimavs CarCiks,
ayenebs avtomatis koras `II~-ze, clis avtomats
dasakeckondaxian avtomatze, amis garda, kecavs kondaxs (muxli
15) wolela mdgomareobidan srolisas dauSvebs kondaxs
(lulis kolofis ukana nawils) miwaze, xolo avtomatis
salule nawils idebs marcxena xelis winamxarze (nax.67) da
Semdgom moqmedebs viTarebidan gamomdinare.
sangridan srolisas avtomati daclis Semdeg SeiZleba
davdoT sangris brustverze, saketis CarCos saxeluriT qvemoT.
113. avtomatis dasaclelad saWiroa:
95
- movxsnaT savazne kolofi;
- movxsnaT avtomati mcvelidan.
- nela gadavwioT saketis CarCo saxeluriT ukan, gamoviRoT
vazna savaznidan da gavuSvaT saketis CarCo;
- davaWiroT sasxlet kauWs (davuSvaT Caxmaxi sabrZolo
fexidan);
- davayenoT avtomati mcvelze, aviRoT igi `qamarze~, Tu
isvroden mdgomela mdgomareobidan, an davdoT miwaze, Tu
isvroden wolela mdgomareobidan;
- gamoviRoT vaznebi savazne kolofidan da mivuerToT igi
avtomats:
- aviRoT miwidan savaznidan gamogdebuli vazna.


nax. 68. savazne kolofidan vaznebis gamoReba

savazne kolofidan vaznebis gamosaRebad marcxena xelSi unda
aviRoT savazne kolofi sayeluriT zemoT, sayrdeni SveriliT
Cvensken, marjvena xeliT vaznis meSveobiT, gadavwevT ra vaznebs
TiTo-TiTod Cvengan, gamoviRoT isini savazne kolofidan
(nax.68)
114. asadgomad - orive xeli unda mivWimoT sxeulidan
mkerdis doneze, avtomati unda gveWiros marjvena xelSi
saluliTa da lulis zesadebiT, amasTan erTdroulad mivwioT
orive fexi erTmaneTTan (nax.69a), xelebis mkveTri gasworebiT,
avwioT mkerdi miwidan da gavitanoT marjvena (marcxena) fexi
win (nax.69b), swrafad avdgeT da, Tu saWiroa, daviwyoT
moZraoba.
115. daclis Semdeg, Tu saWiroa, meTauri gascems komandas,
`iaraRi-dasaTvaliereblad~. am komandiT:
96
- wolela mdgomareobaSi: unda movxsnaT savazne kolofi da
davdoT igi avtomatis gverdze sayeluriT Cvenken, movxsnaT
avtomati mcvelidan, saxeluriT ukan gadavwioT saketis CarCo
da movabrunoT avtomati ramdenadme marcxniv; meTuris mier
savaznisa da savazne kolofis daTvalierebis Semdeg gavwioT
saketis CarCo win, davuSvaT Caxmaxi sabrZolo fexidan
(davaWiroT sasxlet kauWs), davayenoT avtomati mcvelze da
mivuerToT avtomats savazne kolofi.


nax. 69. `adeq~ -komandis Sesruleba
a. meavtomatis mdgomareoba adgomis win; b. marjvena (marcxena) fexis
win gadatana mdgomela mdgomareobaSi.


nax. 70. avtomati momzadebulia mdgomela
mdgomareobaSi dasaTvaliereblad
97
marcxena xelSi daviWiroT avtomati saluliT, marjvenaTi
movxsnaT savazne kolofi da gadavdoT igi marcxena xelSi
mimwodebliT zemoT (amozneqili nawiliT Cvengan), marcxena
xelis TiTebiT mivaWiroT savazne kolofi avtomatis salules;
movxsnaT avtomati mcvelidan, gadavwioT saketis CarCo ukan da
movabrunoT avtomati ramdenadme marcxniv (nax. 70).
meTauris mier savaznisa da savazne kolofis daTvalierebis
Semdeg gavuSvaT saketis CarCo win, davuSvaT sabrZolo fexidan
(davaWiroT sasxlet kauWs), davayenoT avtomati mcvelze,
mivaerToT savazne kolofi da aviRoT avtomati mdgomareobaSi
`qamarze~ an mivitanoT fexTan.


sayrdenidan da safridan srolis ileTebi

116. sayrdenis an safris simaRlidan gamomdinare, meavtomate
iRebs srolisaTvis mdgomareobas: wolela, Coqela an mdgomela.


nax. 71. mdgomareoba sayrdeniani srolisas
a. avtomatis daWera savazne kolofiT; b. avtomatis daWera
saluliT.

117. sayrdeniani srlisaTvis avtomati davdoT sayrdenze
saluliT, marcxena xeliT daviWiroT igi savazne kolofiT an
saluliT, xolo marjvenaTi pistoletis saxeluriT
(nax.71a,b).
magari sayrdeni dasarbileblad unda gadavfaroT busnoTi,
daxveuli labada-karviT, daxveuli mazariT da a.S. xis, Senobis
kuTxis uknidan an sxva safridan srolisaTvis, miviRoT
98
mdgomareoba srolisaTvis, miveyrdnoT safars ise, rom igi
gvicavdes mowinaaRmdegis cecxlisagan; avtomati unda
daviWiroT iseve, rogorc safris gareSe srolisas (nax.72)
mcire safridan (sangari wolela srolisaTvis, borcvi,
burcobi) srolisas unda ganvlagdeT safris ukan.

nax. 72. mdgomareoba safridan srolisas
a. mdgomela mdgomareobidan; b. wolela mdgomareobidan.

nax. 73. mdgomareoba sangridan srolisas

118. sangridan an tranSeidan srolisaTvis korpusiT
miveyrdnoT sangris kedels, orive xelis idayviT daveyrdnoT
miwaze, xolo kondaxi mWidrod miviWiroT mxarze; amasTan,
srola SeiZleba rogorc sayrdeniT, ise xelidan an savazne
kolofis gruntze dayrdnobiT (nax.73).
99
svlisas srolis ileTebi

119. svlisas isvrian swrafad momarjvebuli avtomatiT an
kondaxiT gverdze mibjenili avtomatiT.
120. swrafad momarjvebuli srola (nax.74). SeiZleba
SevasruloT xanmokle SeCerebis dros an svlisas
(SeuCerebliv).


nax. 74. mdgomareoba svlisas swrafi momarjvebiT srolisas

xanmokle SeCerebiT swrafad momarjvebiT srolisaTvis unda
SevCerdeT da marcxena fexis miwaze dadgmis momentSi
erTdroulad mivibjinoT kondaxi mxarze, movimarjvoT
avtomati; marjvena fexis miudgomlad davumiznoT, gavisroloT
erTi-ori jeri (gasrola), davuSvaT avtomati da ganvagrZoT
moZraoba.
svlisas swrafi momarjvebiT srolisaTvis (SeuCerebliv)
movimarjvoT avtomati mxarze, davumiznoT mizanSi da,
ganvagrZobT ra moZraobas, gavxsnaT cecxli.
121. srola gverdze mibjenili kondaxiT sruldeba SeCerebis
gareSe. amisaTvis, marjvena xeliT mivibjinoT kondaxi marjvena
gverdze samxre nawilSi, marjvena xelis idayvis saxsarTan
sakiduris mibjeniT an mibjenis gareSe (nax.75). Tu kondaxi
dakecilia avtomati marjvena xeliT mivibjinoT gverdze lulis
kolofiT da pistoletis saxeluriT (nax.58); marcxena xelSi
100
avtomati daviWiroT saluliT. mivmarToT avtomati mizanSi da,
moZraobis Seuwyvetilad, gavxsnaT cecxli.
122. svlis dros srolisas avtomatis gadatena unda
movaxdinoT moZraobis SeuCerebliv.



nax. 75. mdgomareoba svlisas srolis dros
a. gverdze mibjenili kondaxiT; b. kondaxis mibjeniT xelis samxre
nawilze.


srolis ileTebi Txilamurebze dgomisas

123. Txilamurebze dgomisas avtomatiT SeiZleba gavisroloT
adgilidan (wolela, Coqela, mdgomela) da moZraobisas.
124. Txilamurebidan wolela srolisaTvis aviRoT avtomati
marjvena xelSi, joxebi marcxenaSi. davtovebT ra
Txilamurebis quslebs adgilze, maTi wverebi gavSaloT ganze,
davdoT avtomati Cven marjvniv (Tu Tovli Rrma da fxvieria,
kondaxiT TovlSi). SevaerToT joxebi, risTvisac erTis bolo
CavsvaT meoris rgolSi ; davdoT isini Cven win da davwioT ise,
rom idayvebi miebjinos joxebze, aviRoT avtomati da srolisas
miviRoT iseTive mdgomareoba, rogorc Txilamurebis gareSe
wolela srolisas (nax.76)
101


nax. 76. mdgomareoba Txilamurebidan wolela srolisas

125. Txilamurebze dgomisas Coqela srolisaTvis davayenoT
joxebi marcxena mxridan, movabrunoT marjvena Txilamuri
wveriT marjvniv, daveSvaT marjvena muxliT marjvena
Txilamurze (nax.77) da miviRoT iseTi mdgomareoba, rogorc
Txilamurebis gareSe Coqela srolisas.
126. Txilamurebze dgomiT srolisaTvis davayenoT joxebi
marcxena mxridan, marjvena Txilamuri ramdenadme movabrunoT
wveriT marjvniv (nax.78) da miviRoT iseTive mdgomareoba,
rogorc Txilamurebis gareSe mdgomela srolisas.



nax. 77. mdgomareoba Txilamurebze dgomisas
Coqela srolis dros
102

nax. 78. mdgomareoba Txilamurebze dgomisas srolis dros

Txilamurebze dgomisas srolis dros simyarisaTvis SeiZleba
sayrdenis saxiT joxebis gamoyeneba, risTvisac joxebi unda
SevaerToT maryuJebiT da avtomati saluliT davdoT maryuJze.
127. Txilamurebze moZraobisas srolisaTvis joxebis
maryuJebi ecmeva orive an erTi xelis mtevanze; gasrola
avtomatiT sruldeba ise, rogorc uTxilamurod svlisas.

srolis ileTebi gadaadgilebisas

128. javSantransportioridan, avtomobilidan da sadesanto
gadasayvani saSualebebidan srolisaTvis gamoiyeneba nebismieri
moxerxebuli mdgomareoba, romelic uzrunvelyofs avtomatis
mdgradobasa da mezoblebis usafrTxoebas. javSantran-
sportioridan da avtomobilidan srolisaTvis adgilidan,
xanmokle SeCerebiT an svlisas SeiZleba gamoviyenoT 79-e da
80-e nax-ze naCvenebi ileTebi. amasTan, dasajdomebis sazurgeebi
da sxva nagebobebi javSantransportioris Zaras SigniT
gamoiyeneba xelebis, winamxris, gverdisa da fexebis sayrdenis
saxiT. salules qveS unda davudoT avtomatis qamari.
javSantransportioris saTofuridan srolisas avtomatis
lula win unda gavwioT ise, rom koris Wrili mdebareobdes
bortidan daaxloebiT 5-7 sm-ze, xolo nagebobebi xels ar
uSlidnen saketis CarCos saxeluris moZraobas.

103

nax. 79. mdgomareoba srolisas
a. javSantransportioris saTofuridan; b. avtomobilis zeda kidis
zemodan.


nax. 80. avtomatis Cayeneba saTofurSi
a. saketis moxsna saTofuridan; b. saketis mierTeba avtomatTan;
1. saTofuri; 2. saketi; 3. Tamasa.

104
bortis zemoT srolisaTvis mdgomareobis misaRebad
aucilebelia orive, muxlebSi odnav moxrili fexiT davdgeT
javSantrasportioris fskerze an marcxena muxliT daveyrdnoT
dasajdomze da gadavitanoT avtomatis salule nawili borts
iqiT.
avtomatiT srolisaTvis qveiTi jaris sabrZolo manqanis
saTofuridan aucilebelia gavxsnaT saTofuris sarqveli,
CavayenoT avtomati saTofurSi da mivuerToT mas
masraTSemkrebi.
saTofurSi avtomatis Casayeneblad unda SevaerToT saketis
Tamasebi da gamoviRoT saketi saTofuridan (nax.89). gavxsnaT
saketi, CavsvaT masSi avtomatis salule nawili ise, rom saketi
ganlagdes gazis kameris ukan (nax.80) da davxuroT saketi;
SevaerToT saketis Tamasebi da saketi avtomatianad CavsvaT
saTofurSi, amasTan, avtomati movabrunoT samizniT marjvniv da
marcxniv. masraTamrekli uerTdeba avtomats samiznis kalapotis
ukana mxridan (nax.81)



nax. 81. avtomatTan masraTamreklis mierTeba
1. masraTamrekli.

cecxlis gaxsnisas avtomati unda daviWiroT marcxena xelSi
saluliT (savazne kolofiT), xolo marjvenaSi pistoletis
saxeluriT, marjvena loya midebulia kondaxze, idayvebi odnav
daSvebulia (nax.82).

105

nax. 82. mdgomareoba qveiTTa sabZolo manqanis saTofuridan
avtomatiT srolisas

qveiTTa sabrZolo manqanis sadesanto ganyofilebis Ria
liukebidan avtomatiT cecxlis gaxsnisas, SeiZleba nebismieri
moxerxebuli mdgomareobis miReba, romelic uzrunvelyofs
avtomatis myar mdgomareobas da mezoblebis usafrTxoebas.

sahaero miznebSi srolis ileTebi

129. Ria adgilmdebareobaze sahaero miznebSi avtomatiT
srola xdeba wolela, Coqela da mdgomela mdgomareobebidan
(nax.83).
adgilobriv sagnebs ukan mofarebul mdgomareobaSi
srolisaTvis adgilobrivi sagani sayrdenis saxiT
SeZlebisdagvarad unda gamoviyenoT da miviRoT yvelaze ufro
xelsayreli mdgomareoba srolisaTvis (mdgomela,
naxevradmoxrili, Coqela).
srola javSantransportioridan (qveiTTa sabrZolo
manqanidan) sahaero miznebSi xdeba bortis zemodan an sadesanto
ganyofilebis Ria liukebidan. meavtomate iRebs yvelaze ufro
moxerxebul mdgomareobas (mdgomela, naxevradmoxrili, manqanis
dasajdomze Coqela), winamxriTa da sxeuliT eyrdnoba manqanis
Sida nagebobebs.
tranSeidan (sangarsavalidan) sahaero miznebSi srola unda
SevasruloT:
- marcxena xelis winamxrisa da avtomatis savazne kolofis
mibjeniT sangarsavalis wina cicabo kedelze; Tu amaRlebis
kuTxe arasakmarisi aRmoCndeba, maSin unda CavjdeT (nax.84. a,b)
106

nax. 83. mdgomareba sahaero miznebSi srolisas.
a. wolela; b. Coqela; g. mdgomela.


nax.84. mdgomareoba sahaero mizanSi tranSeidan srolisas
a. avtomatis savazne kolofis mibjeniT wina cicabo kedelze;
b. xelSi daWerili avtomatiT.

- zurgisa da marcxena fexis mibjeniT tranSeis cicabo
kedelze. avwioT marcxena fexi rac SeiZleba maRla da terfiT
107
mivabjinoT igi tranSeis cicabo kedels, xolo zurgiT
miveyrdnoT tranSeis mopirdapire cicabo kedels da odnav
CavjdeT. avtomati unda daviWiroT iseve, rogorc mdgomela
srolisas, magram marcxena xelis idayvi unda mivabjinoT
marcxena fexis barZays an ramdenadme gavwioT win muxlis iqiT.


vertmfrenidan srolis ileTebi

130. vertmfrenSi Casxdomis win iniSnebian msrolelebi da
maT mieTiTebaT tabikuri danadgari srolisaTvis (danarTi 8),
piradi Semadgenlobis ganlagebisa da frenisas adgilebis
Secvlis wesi, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi vertmfrenSi
Casxdomis xerxic.
vertmfrenSi pirvelad msrolelebi ganlagdebian
dasajdomebze maTTvis miTiTebuli tabikuri danadgarebis
gverdiT, xolo morigi msrolelebi adgilebze, sadac
uzrunvelyofilia adgilis swrafi da moxerxebuli Secvla.
131. vertmfrenidan cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis aucilebelia
tabikuri danadgarebis gadayvana salaSqrodan sabrZolo
mdgomareobaSi da maTTan iaraRis mierTeba. danadgarebTan
iaraRis mierTeba xdeba komandiT, magaliTad: `iaraRi
danadgarebTan - miaerTe~. am komandiT avtomatis sacqer
sarkmelTan ganlagebul danadgarTan mierTebisas, aucilebelia:
- gavaRoT sacqeri sarkmeli da davafiqsiroT igi zeda
mdgomareobaSi; Tu dgari vertikalur mdgomareobaSia, maSin jer
unda gamoviRoT dgaris Wilibi da davuSvaT (gadavxsnaT) dgari
dasajdomze, xolo Semdeg gavaRoT sacqeri sarkmeli.
- gadaviyvanoT dgari sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi, risTvisac
avwioT igi da WilibiT davafiqsiroT vertikalur
mdgomareobaSi;
- avwioT saxeluri zeviT (Tu igi qveda mdgomareobaSia),
avtomati davdoT saluliT gadasaxsnel Tamasaze, xolo Semdeg
saluliT CavdoT RarSi; movabrunoT saxeluri qveviT, amasTan,
ar unda movaxdinoT zedmeti Zaldataneba da Tvalyuri
108
vadevnoT, rom avtomatis qamari ar eWirebodes loyebiT
salulesTan erTad.
- mivaerToT masraTSemkrebi, risTvisac misi buniki
movaTavsoT Tavze arsebuli korZis xvrelSi da SevamowmoT, xom
ar uSlis xels saketis CarCos moZraobas; aucileblobis
SemTxvevaSi, zeviT avwioT tabikuri Tavis saxeluri, ramdenadme
gavwioT win an ukan avtomati da davuSvaT saxeluri dabla.
Sesasvlel karTan avtomatis danadgarze mierTebisas,
aucilebelia: gamovcvaloT tabikuri Tavi (Tu dayenebuli iyo
Tavi kalaSnikovis tyviamfrqvevisaTvis). msrolelma gaikeTos
dasazRvevi qamari da miamagros igi satvirTos kabinis WerSi
arsebul trosze; movabrunoT ferma daaxloebiT 90-120-iT;
mivaerToT avtomati danadgarze iseve, rogorc sacqer
sarkmelTan, mivaerToT masraTSemkrebi, gavaRoT (gadavwioT)
kari; gadaviyvanoT ferma mierTebuli avtomatianad sabrZolo
mdgomareobaSi, risTvisac movabrunoT igi saxeluris Sverilis
Sesvlamde karis fiqsirebul budeSi; davayenoT SemoRobva,
risTvisac movaTavsoT milis bunikebi Sesasvleli karis sios
kantze arsebul kavebSi da kauWebiT mivamagroT igi iatakze.
132. vertmfrenidan cecxli, rogorc wesi, ixsneba meTauris
komandiT (signaliT). cecxlis gaxsnis win gadaicema winaswari
komanda (signali) `moemzadeT srolisaTvis~, romliTac
msrolelebi iReben mdgomareobas srolisaTvis da iaraRs
uerTeben savazne kolofs, ayenebdnen koras mudmiv an miTiTebul
danayofze da awarmoeben meTvalyureobas uweven brZolis vels.
vertmfrenidan cecxlis gaxsna yvelaze ufro xelsayrelia
mdgomela mdgomareobidan; SeiZleba cecxlis warmoeba Coqela
mdgomareobidan, dasajdomze dayrdnobiT an srolis
moxerxebulobisaTvis dasajdomis gadaxsniT (daSvebiT). yovelma
meavtomatem unda gamoimuSaos da gamoiyenos vertmfrenidan
srolisaTvis yvelaze ufro xelsayreli da myari mdgomareoba,
romelic uzrunvelyofs xalxis usafrTxoebas da cecxlis
gaxsnas dacxrilvis SesaZlebel seqtorSi.
komandiT (signali) `cecxli~ aucilebelia movxsnaT avtomati
mcvelidan, gadavWimoT saketis CarCo ukan da gavuSvaT igi.
aRmovaCenT ra mizans, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi davayenoT
109
dazustebuli kora, davumiznoT da gavxsnaT cecxli. yoveli
jeris Semdeg swrafad unda aRvadginoT damiznebis siswore.
vertmfrenidan srolis damTavrebisas komandiT (signaliT),
magaliTad: `iaraRi danadgarebidan - moxseni~ aucilebelia
avwioT tabikis Tavis saxluri zeviT da movxsnaT avtomati.
133. Tu vertmfrenidan ar unda visroloT, tabikuri
danadgarebi, maTgan iaraRis moxsnis Semdeg, sabrZolo
mdgomareobidan unda gadaviyvanoT salaSqro mdgomareobaSi
komandiT: magaliTad: `danadgarebi salaSqro mdgomareobaSi -
gadaiyvane~.
sacqer sarkmelTan arsebuli danadgaris gadasayvanad
sabrZolo mdgomareobidan salaSqroSi aucilebelia: amoviRoT
Wilibi, gadavxsnaT dgari da ganvalagoT igi dasajdomze
bortis gaswvriv; davxuroT sacqeri sarkmeli; avwioT dgari da
Wilibi davafiqsiroT vertikalur mdgomareobaSi.
Sesasvlel karTan arsebuli danadgaris gadasayvanad
sabrZolodan salaSqro mdgomareobaSi aucilebelia: movxsnaT
SemoRobva; movabrunoT satvirTo kabinis SigniT, raTa igi
ganlagdes bortis gaswvriv; davxuroT satvirTo kabinis kari.
















110
Tavi IX

avtomatiT srolis wesebi

saerTo debulebani

134. brZolaSi amocanebis warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis
aucilebelia:
- brZolis velze ganuwyvetliv meTvalyureoba;
- srolisaTvis monacemebis swrafad da sworad momzadeba;
- sabrZolo viTarebis sxvadasxvagvar pirobebSi, yovelgvar
miznebSi cecxlis unarianad gaxsna rogorc dRisiT, ise
RamiTac;
jgufuri da gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani erTeuli miznebis
dasazianeblad saWiroa Tavmoyrili cecxlis gamoyeneba.
- cecxlis Sedegebze Tvalyuris devneba da misi
moxerxebulad koreqtireba.
- brZolaSi vaznebis xarjze Tvalyuris devneba da zomebis
miReba maTi maragis droulad Sesavsebad.

brZolis velze meTvalyureoba da miznis
Cveneba

135. meTvalyureoba xdeba mowinaaRmdegis ganlagebisa da
moqmedebebis droulad aRmoCenis mizniT. amas garda, brZolaSi
aucilebelia Tvalyuri vadevnoT meTauris signalebsa da
niSnebs da sakuTari cecxlis Sedegebs.
136. meTvalyureoba warmoebs SeiaraRebuli TvaliT.
meTvalyureobisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mivaqcioT
farul misadgomebs. adgilmdebareoba unda davaTvalieroT
marjvnidan marcxniv, axlomdebare sagnebidan moSorebuli
sagnebisaken. daTvaliereba unda SevasruloT saguldagulod,
radgan mowinaaRmdegis aRmoCenas xels uwyobs umniSvnelo
ganmniRbavi niSnebi; aseTi niSnebi SeiZleba iyos: priali, xmauri,
xeebisa da buCqebis totebis rxeva, axali adgilobrivi sagnebis
gamoCena, adgilobrivi sagnebis mdgomareobisa da formis Secvla
da a.S.
111
binoklis arsebobisas gamoviyenoT igi mxolod calkeuli
sagnebis an adgilmdebareobis ubnebis saguldagulod
SeswavlisaTvis, amasTan, unda miviRoT zomebi imisaTvis, rom
binoklis SuSebis prialiT ar gamovavlinoT Cveni ganlagebis
adgili;
RamiT, mowinaaRmdegis ganlagebisa da misi moqmedebebis
adgilebi, SeiZleba davadginoT bgerebisa da sinaTlis wyaroebis
mixedviT. Tu saWiroa mimarTulebis adgilmdebareoba gavanaToT
gamnaTebeli vazniT an sinaTlis sxva wyaros meSveobiT, swrafad
unda davaTvalieroT ganaTebuli ubani.
137. brZolis velze SeniSnuli miznebis Sesaxeb aucilebelia
dauyovnebliv movaxsenoT meTaurs da sworad mivuTiToT maTi
ganlagebis adgili. mizani unda mivuTiToT zepiri moxsenebiT an
mgezveli tyviebiT.
moxseneba unda iyos mokle, gasagebi da zusti, magaliTad:
`pirdapir farTo buCqi, marcxniv - tyviamfrqvevi~;
orientiri meore, marjvniv ori TiTi, buCqis qveS
meTvalyure~.
mgezveli tyviebis meSveobiT miznis Cvenebisas gavisroloT
miznis mimarTulebiT erTi-ori mokle jeri.


miznis SerCeva

138. avtomatebisaTvis yvelaze ufro damaxasiaTebelia
cocxali miznebi tyviamfrqvevebisa da qvemexebis gaTvlebi,
msrolelTa jgufebi an calkeuli figurebi, romlebic cecxls
sxvadasxva mdgomareobidan xsnian, agreTve cocxali Zala
avtomobilebze, motocikletebze da a.S. amas garda, avtomatebiT
cecxli ixsneba sahaero miznebSic. miznebi brZolis velze
SeiZleba iyos uZravi, xanmkle droiT gamoCenadi da moZravi.
139. meavtomate brZolaSi cecxls xsnis, rogorc wesi,
aTeulis an oceulis SemadgenlobaSi, anadgurebs ra meTauris
mier miTiTebul miznebs. amitom man yuradRebiT unda mousminos
meTaurs da zustad Seasrulos misi yvela komanda.
140. Tu meavtomates brZolaSi ar aqvs miTiTebuli mizani,
igi Tavad irCevs mas. pirvel rigSi, unda daziandes
gansakuTrebiT saSiSi da mniSvnelovani miznebi, magaliTad,
tyviamfrqvevebisa da qvemexebis gaTvlebi, mowinaaRmdegis
112
meTaurebi da meTvalyureebi. ori Tanabrad mniSvnelovani
miznidan cecxlis dasaSenad airCeva uaxloesi da ufro metad
dasazianebeli. srolis dros axali, ufro mniSvnelovani miznis
gamoCenisas, cecxli dauyovnebliv masze unda gadavitanoT.


korisa da damiznebis wertilis SerCeva

141. koris da damiznebis wertilis SerCevisaTvis
aucilebelia ganvsazRvroT miznamde manZili da gaviTvaliswinoT
garemo pirobebi, romelTac SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinon tyviis
frenis siSoresa da mimarTulebaze. kora da damiznebis
wertili unda avirCioT im gaangariSebiT, rom srolisas Sua
traeqtoria gadiodes miznis SuagulSi.
(AKM-dan 300 m-ze da -74-dan 400 m-mde manZilze.
srolisas cecxli unda gavxsnaT, rogorc wesi, kora 3, 4-iT an
`II~-iT, unda davumiznoT miznis qveda kides an Suaguls, Tu
mizani maRalia morbenali figurebi da a.S.).
300, 400 m-ze met manZilze srolisas kora yendeba miznamde
mTel aseul metrebamde damrgvalebuli manZilis Sesabamisad.
damiznebis wertilad, rogorc wesi, miiReba miznis Suaguli. Tu
mdgomareobis pirobebi ar iZleva koris Secvlis SesaZleblobas
miznamde manZilis Sesabamisad, maSin pirdapiri gasrolis
siSoris farglebSi cecxli unda gavxsnaT koriT, romelic
Seesabameba pirdapiri gasrolis siSores, unda davumiznoT
miznis qveda kides.
142. miznamde manZili ganisazRvreba TvalzomiT. amasTan,
miznamde da adgilobriv sagnebamde manZili ganisazRvreba
mxedvelobiT mexsierebaSi kargad aRbeWdili adgilmdebareobis
ubnebis, xilvadobis xarisxisa da miznebis (sagnebis) moCvenebiTi
sididis mixedviT, agreTve orive xerxis SeTavsebis gziTac.
manZilis gansazRvrisas adgilmdebareobis monakveTebis
mixedviT aucilebelia romelime SeCveuli siSore, romelic
kargad aRibeWda mxedvelobiT mexsierebaSi (mag. 100, 200 an
300m. monakveTi), gonebaSi gadavzomoT Cvengan sagnamde
(miznamde).
113
xilvadobis xarisxisa da sagnebis (miznis) moCvenebiTi
sididis mixedviT manZilis gansazRvrisas, aucilebelia, miznis
xilvadi sidide SevadaroT gansazRvrul manZilze mocemul
miznis mexsierebaSi aRbeWdil xilvad zomebs.
TuU mizani SemCneulia im orientiris an adgilobrivi sagnis
axlos, romlamde manZilic cnobilia, maSin miznamde manZilis
gansazRvrisas aucilebelia TvalzomiT gaviTvaliswinoT misi
daSoreba orientiridan.
RamiT, manZili ganaTebul miznebamde ganisazRvreba iseve,
rogorc dRisiT.
143. manZilis TvalzomiT gansazRvrisas aucilebelia
gaviTvaliswinoT Semdegi:
- adgilmdebareobis erTi da imave monakveTis moCvenebiTi
sidide meavtomatidan daSorebasTan erTad (perspeqtivaSi)
TandaTan mcirdeba.
- adgilobrivi sagnebis an miznisaken mimarTulebis gadamkveTi
xramebi, Rartafebi da mdinareebi amcireben manZils.
- mcire sagnebi (buCqebi, qvebi, calkeuli figurebi) gveCveneba
ufro Sors, vidre imave manZilze myofi didi zomis sagnebi
(tye, mTa, jaris kolona);
- adgilmdebareobis erTferovani, sada foni (mdelo, Tovli,
xnuli) gamoyofs da TiTqos aaxlovebs masze mdebare sagnebs,
Tu isini sxvadasxvagvarad arian SeRebili, xolo
adgilmdebareobis aWrelebuli, mravalferovani foni, piriqiT,
niRbavs da TiTqos aSorebs masze myof sagnebs.
- moRrublul amindSi, wvimaSi, Sebindebisas, nislSi manZili
gveCveneba gazrdili, xolo naTel, mzian amindSi, piriqiT,
Semcirebuli.
- mTagorian adgilmdebareobaze xilvadi sagnebi TiTqos
axlovdeba.
144. gareSe pirobebis mniSvnelovnad gadaxra cxrilis
(normaluri) pirobebidan cvlis tyviis frenis siSores an
gadaxris mas gverdze srolis mimarTulebidan (sibrtyidan).
114
srolis cxrilis pirobebad miRebulia: haeris temperatura
+15c, uqaroba, adgilmdebareobis amaRleba zRvis doneze
maRla, miznis adgilis ara umetes 15.
145. haeris temperaturis gadaxra cxrilis normidan (+15
0
)
iwvevs tyviis frenis siSoris cvlilebas, zrdis mas zafxulis
pirobebSi srolisas da amcirebs zamTarSi. zafxulis pirobebSi
srolisas tyviis frenis siSore izrdeba umniSvnelod, amitom
koraSi an damiznebis wertilSi cvlilebebis Setana ar aris
marTebuli. zamTarSi (dabali temperaturis pirobebSi)
srolisas AKM-dan 300, -74-dan 400 m-ze met manZilze
mcirdeba mniSvnelovani sididiT (50-100m), amitom -25
0
ze
maRali haeris temperaturisas damiznebis wertili unda
avirCioT miznis zeda kideSi, xolo -25
0
-ze dabali haeris
temperaturisas unda gavzardoT kora erTi danayofiT.
146. adgilmdebareobis zRvis doneze amaRlebaze da miznis
adgilis kuTxeze koris dayenebaSi Sesworebebi unda
gaviTvaliswinoT mxolod mTaSi srolisas, Tu miznamde manZili
aRemateba (AKM-dan 300, -74-dan 400 metrs.
147. gverdiTi qari mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens tyviis
frenaze da gadaxris mas gverdze. tyviis gadaxris sidide
damokidebulia gverdiTi qaris siCqaresa da mimarTulebaze da
miznamde manZilze. rac ufro Zlieria gverdiTi qari, rac ufro
axloa kuTxe, romeliTac igi uberavs 90-Tan da rac ufro
Sors aris mizani, miT ufro meti sididiT gadaixreba tyvia
srolis mimarTulebidan gverdze. amasTan dakavSirebiT
aucilebelia gverdiT qarze Sesworebis Setana. avtomatiT
srolisas, igi gaiTvaliswineba damiznebis wertilis gataniT
miznis figurebSi an metrebSi. gverdiT qarze Sesworeba unda
aviRoT im mxares, saiTac uberavs qari: ase magaliTad, Tu qari
marcxnidan uberavs, damiznebis wertili gadaitaneba marcxniv,
Tu qari marjvnidan uberavs marjvniv.
148. Sesworebis sidide gverdiT zomier qarze (siCqare 4m/wm)
metrebSi da adamianis figurebSi moyvanilia Semdeg cxrilSi.
115
Sesworebebi gverdiT zomier qarze (4m/wm) srolis
mimarTulebasTan 90-iani kuTxiT (damrgvalebuli)
metrebSi
adamianis
figurebSi

srolis
manZili
(m)
AKM -74 AKM -74
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
_
0,2
0,4
0,8
0,87
1,4
2,0
_
_
_
0,03
0,11
0,23
0,52
0,87
1,34
2,03
2,86
3,77
4,92
_
0,5
1
1,5
3
4
_
_
_
_
--
--
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,5
4
5,5
7,5
10.0

Zlieri qarisas (8 m/wm) siCqaris cxrilSi moyvanili
Sesworebebi aucilebelia gavzardoT orjer, xolo susti
qarisas (siCqare 2m/wm) -SevamciroT 2-jer, srolis sibrtyesTan
maxvili kuTxiT mqroli qarisas Sesworeba unda aviRoT 2-jer
naklebi, vidre 90-iani kuTxiT mqroli qarisas.


cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis momentis SerCeva

149. momenti cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis ganisazRvreba meTauris
komandiT `cecxli~, xolo cecxlis damoukideblad gaxsnisas
viTarebidan da miznis mdebareobidan gamomdinare.
cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis gansakuTrebiT xelsayreli momentia _
roca miznis dazianeba SeiZleba moulodnelad, axlo
manZilidan; roca mizani kargad xilvadia; moZraobs flangurad
an aRimarTeba mTeli simaRliT; roca mizani uaxlovdeba
adgilobriv sagans (orientirs), romliTac koris dayeneba
dazustebulia sroliT; moZraobisas, roca manqanas aqvs
umciresi ryeva.
mowinaaRmdegeze uecari sacecxle Tavdasxma (gansakuTrebiT
flangidan) Seacbunebs mas da miayenebs udides zians.
116
cecxlis gaxsna, mis Sedegebze Tvalyuris
devneba da koreqtireba

150. cecxlis gaxsnisas meavtomatem yuradRebiT unda adevnos
Tvalyuri sakuTari cecxlis Sedegebs da koreqtireba unda
gaukeTos mas.
sakuTari cecxlis Sedegebze Tvalyuris devneba xdeba
rikoSetebis, tyviebis, tranSeebisa da mowinaaRmdegis qcevis
mixedviT.
cecxlis koreqtireba xdeba damiznebis wertilis mdebareobis
simaRliTa da gverdiTi mimarTulebisa da koris dayenebis
SecvliT.
damiznebis wertili gaitaneba rikoSetebis an trasebis
gadaxris sididiT, miznidan maTi gadaxris mopirdapire mxares
(nax.85).

nax. 85. cecxlis koreqtirebis damiznebis wertilis gatana

Tu miznidan tyviebis gadaxra manZiliT aRemateba 100 m. maSin
aucilebelia koris dayenebis Secvla erTi danayofiT. trasebis
mixedviT cecxlis koreqtirebisaTvis aucilebelia, rom srola
sruldebodes Cveulebrivi da mgezveltyviiani vazniT, pirveli
unda iyos mgezveltyviiani vazna. ar aris rekomendebuli
mgezveltyviebiani vaznebis gamoyeneba dawmendil, wynar amindSi.
(sustad emCneva tyviebis trasebi) mxolod mgezveltyviebiani
damiznebis wertilis gadatana
rikoSetis Semdeg
rikoSeti
damiznebi
117
vaznebiT srolas mivyavarT lulis arxis gaZlierebul
gacveTamde.s
151. sakuTari cecxlis sinamdvilis maCveneblad SeiZleba
miviRoT Semdegi niSnebi: mowinaaRmdegis danakargi,
mowinaaRmdegis gadasvla gadarbenidan gadaxoxvaze, kolonaTa
danawevreba da gaSla, mowinaaRmdegis cecxlis Sesusteba an
Sewyveta, misi ukan daxeva an safarSi Sesvla.


srola uZrav da gamoCenad miznebSi

152. erTeuli, kargad xilvadi mizani unda daicxrilos
mokle an grZeli jerebiT, miznis mniSvnelobidan, misi
zomebidan da daSorebidan gamomdinare. rac ufro saSiSia an
rac ufro Sorsaa mizani, miT ufro grZeli unda iyos jeri.
cecxli unda iyos manam, sanam mizani ar ganadgurdeba an sanam
Tvals ar miefareba.
153. gamoCenadi miznis dasazianeblad aucilebelia, SevamCnevT
ra misi gamoCenis adgils, swrafad gavemzadoT srolisaTvis da
gavxsnaT cecxli. cecxlis gaxsnis siswrafes aqvs gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba miznis dazianebisaTvis. Tu srolisaTvis gamzadebis
drois ganmavlobaSi mizani Tvals miefara, misi xelmeored
gamoCenisas davazustoT damizneba da gavxsnaT cecxli.
mravalgzis gamoCenad mizanSi srolisas unda
gaviTvaliswinoT, rom igi SeiZleba gamoCndes axal adgilzec,
amitom, misi dazianeba damokidebuli iqneba yuradRebian
meTvalyureobaze, srolisaTvis gamzadebasa da cecxlis gaxsnis
siswrafeze.
gamoCenadi mizani unda davazianoT erTimeoris Semdeg swrafi
jerebiT.
154. jgufuri mizani, romelic Sedgeba calkeuli, mkafiod
xilvadi figurebisagan, unda davazianoT jerebiT, cecxlis
Tanmimdevruli gadataniT erTi figuridan meoreze.
155. farTo mizani, romelic Sedgeba bundovnad xilvadi
figurebisagan an SeniRbulia, da erTeuli SeniRbuli mizani
unda davcxriloT tyviebis gafantviT miznis (niRbis)
118
frontiT an damiznebis wertilis Tanmimdevruli gadataniT
miznis (niRbis) erTi flangidan meoreze.
156. srola mowinaaRmdegis moieriSe cocxal Zalaze 200 m-is
manZilze da ufro axlos unda SevasruloT grZeli jerebiT,
tyviebis gafantviT miznis frontiT.
srolisas frontiT tyviebis gafantva miiRweva
horizontaluri xazis gaswvriv avtomatis kuTxuri
gadaadgilebiT. avtomatis kuTxuri gadaadgilebis siswrafe
frontiT tyviebis gafantviT srolisas damokidebulia srolis
sisworesa da cecxlis saWiro simWidroveze. amasTan, cecxlis
simWidrove miznis frontis yovel metrze unda iyos aranakleb
ori tyviisa.


srola moZrav miznebSi

157. miznis moZraobisas msrolelisaken an misgan siSoreze,
romelic ar aRemateba pirdapiri gasrolis siSores, cecxli
unda gavxsnaT pirdapiri gasrolis siSoris Sesabamisi koris
dayenebiT. siSoreze, romelic aRemateba pirdapiri gasrolis
siSores, cecxli unda gavxsnaT koris dayenebiT im siSoris
Sesabamis danayofze, romelzedac mizani SeiZleba aRmoCndes
cecxlis gaxsnis momentSi.
158. srolis mimarTulebis mimarT kuTxiT moZrav mizanSi
srolisas, damiznebis wertili unda avirCioT miznis win da
misgan iseTi daSorebiT, rom tyviis frenis drois ganmavlobaSi
mizani win waiwios am manZiliT. manZils, romelzedac
gadaadgildeba mizani am miznamde tyviis frenis drois
ganmavlobaSi, daswreba ewodeba. daswreba miznis moZraobamde
unda aviRoT miznis figurebSi an metrebSi.
159. srolis mimarTulebis mimarT 90-iani kuTxiT moZrav
mizanSi avtomatiT srolisas daswrebis gansazRvrisaTvis
vixelmZRvaneloT Semdegi cxriliT.



119
morbenali mizani
3 m/wm siCqariT
daaxloebiT
10 km/sT
motocikleti, moZravi
6 m/wm siCqariT
daaxloebiT 20 km/sT
Ddaswreba (damrgvalebulad)
adamianis
figurebSi
metrebSi
s
r
o
l
i
s

m
a
n
Z
i
l
i

(
m
)

AKM -74 AKM -74
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1
2
3
4
6
8
_
_
_
_
0,5
1,5
2,5
3,5
4,5
6,0
7,5
9,5
11,5
13,5
1
2
3
4
6
8
_
_
_
_
0,63
1,34
2,14
3,06
4,15
5,39
6,85
8,56
10,40
12,48

srolis mimarTulebis mimarT maxvili kuTxiT miznis
moZraobisas daswreba unda aviRoT orjer naklebi, vidre
cxrilSia naCvenebi.
miznis moZraobisas cxrilSi naCvenebze meti (naklebi)
siCqariT, daswreba izrdeba (mcirdeba) miznis moZraobis
siCqaris cvlilebis proporciulad.
160. srolis mimarTulebis mimarT kuTxiT moZrav mizanSi
isvrian miznis Tanxlebis an miznis lodinis (sacecxle
Tavdasxmis) xerxiT.
miznis Tanmxlebis xerxiT cecxlis gaxsnisas meavtomate
iRebs saWiro daswrebas da, gadaaadgilebs ra avtomats miznis
moZraobis mimarTulebiT, yvelaze ufro swori damiznebis
momentSi xsnis cecxls mokle an grZeli jerebiT, srolis
siSoris, miznis moZraobis siSorisa da miznis moZraobis
siCqaridan gamomdinare.
miznis lodinis (sacecxle Tavdasxmis) xerxiT cecxlis
gaxsnisas meavtomate umiznebs miznis win arCeul wertils da
cxrilSi moyvanili daswrebis erTnaxevari-ori sididiT am
wertilTan miznis miaxloebisTanave, avtomatis myarad daWeriT
120
isvris grZel jers; Semdeg, Tu mizani ar dazianda, irCevs mis
win damiznebis axal wertils, umiznebs da saWiro daswrebis
sididiT, am wertilTan miznis misvlisas kvlav gaisvris grZel
jers da a.S.
161. moZrav miznebSi srolisas mgezveli tyviebis gamoyeneba
uzrunvelyofs saukeTeso meTvalyureobas srolis Sedegebze da
daswrebis dazustebis SesaZleblobas.


srola sahaero miznebze

162. TviTmfrinavebze, vertmfrenebsa da paraSutistebze
avtomatebiT cecxli ixsneba aTeulis an oceulis
SemadgenlobiT, 500 m-mde manZilze koris dayenebiT (AKM-ze
3, -74-ze 4) an `II~ -ze.
vertmfrenebsa da TviTmfrinavebze cecxli unda gaixsnas
mxolod meTauris komandiT, xolo paraSutistebze komandiT
an damoukideblad.
163. msrolelis mxares mopikire TviTmfrinavebze isvrian
uwyveti cecxliT koris dayenebiT AKM-ze 3, -74-ze 4 an
`II~-Ti, miznis saTavo nawilSi damiznebiT, cecxli ixsneba 700-
900 m-is manZilidan.
164. ganze an meavtomatis Tavze mfren TviTmfrinavze cecxli
ixsneba gadamRobi an Tanmxlebi xerxiT.
gadamRobi xerxiT cecxlis gaxsnisas, aTeulis an oceulis
cecxli meTauris komandiT Tavmoiyreba moaxloebadi
TviTmfrinavis moZraobis mimarTulebaze (nax.86). komandaSi
miTiTebuli mimarTulebiT meavtomate aiRebs avtomats, miscems
daaxloebiT 45-iani amaRlebis kuTxes da xsnis cecxls,
uWiravs ra avtomati micemuli mimarTulebiT. isvrian uwyveti
cecxliT, TviTmfrinavis gasvlamde cecxlis zonidan.
Tu meavtomate miznis axlos naTlad xedavs Tavisi avtomatis
trasebis mimarTulebas, maSin mas SeuZlia, cecxlis
Seuwyvetlad, ramdenadme gadaaadgilos avtomati miznis mxares
da miaRwios trasebis SeTavazebas mizanTan.
121
trasebis mixedviT cecxlis koreqtirebisas mxedvelobaSi
unda viqonioT is, rom TviTmfrinavisaken mimarTuli trasebi
msrolels eCveneba TviTmfrinavis zeviT da odnav mis win.
nela mfren sahaero samiznebze _ vertmfrenebze,
satransporto TviTmfrinvebze cecxli ixsneba Tanmxlebi
xerxiT. daswreba ganisazRvreba da gadaiTvleba miznis xilul
zomebSi (figurebSi).
Tanmxlebi xerxiT cecxlis gaxsnisas meavtomate inarCunebs
damiznebis xazs TviTmfrinavis (vertmfrenis) win saWiro
daswrebis sididiT da gaisvris grZel jers.



nax. 86. TviTmfrinavze cecxlis gaxsna gadamRobi xerxiT
a. oceulis poziciis frontis gaswvriv mfrenze; b. oceulis
poziciis frontis xazis mimarT kuTxiT mfrenze.

165. sahaero miznebSi srolisas daswrebis gansazRvrisaTvis
vixelmZRvaneloT Semdegi cxriliT.
daswreba
daswreba
srolis
manZili
srolis
manZili
oceulis pozicia
oceulis pozicia
122

srolis manZili (m)
100 300 500
metrebSi
miznis
korpusebSi
metrebSi
miznis
korpusebSi
metrebSi
miznis
korpusebSi
mizani
da misi
siCqare
AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74
vertmf
reni
50 m/wm
satran
sporto
TviTmf
ri
navi
100 m/wm
8


15

6


13
1


1

1


1
25


50
21


43
3


3

3


3
50


100

39


79
6


5

5
SeniSvna : TviTmfrinavis korpusis sigrZed miRebulia 15 m,
vertmfrenisa 8 m.

nax. 87. damiznebis wertilis gatana paraSutistze srolisas
damiznebis wertilis
2 figuriT
gadatanisas
123
166. paraSutistebze cecxli ixsneba grZeli jerebiT.
damiznebis wertili gadaitaneba paraSutistis daSvebis
mimarTulebiT, cxrilSi miTiTebuli sididiT. daswreba
gadaiTvleba paraSutistis figuris Suagulidan (nax.87).


srola mTaSi

167. mTaSi 400 m-ze met manZilze srolisas, Tu
adgilmdebareobis simaRle zRvis donidan ar aRemateba 2000 m,
miznamde manZilis Sesabamisi kora, haeris Semcirebul
simWidrovesTan dakavSirebiT, unda SevamciroT 1 danayofiT; Tu
adgilmdebareobis simaRle zRvis donidan 2000 m-ze naklebia,
maSin kora ki ar unda SevamciroT, aramed damiznebis wertili
avirCioT miznis qveda kideze.
mTaSi qvemodan zemoT an zemodan qvemoT srolisas 400 m-ze
met manZilze da 30-ze nakleb miznis adgilis kuTxeebze,
damiznebis wertili unda avirCioT miznis qveda kideze, xolo
30-ze metis SemTxvevaSi miznis adgilis kuTxeebisas miznamde
manZilis Sesabamisi kora SevamciroT erTi danayofiT.


srola SezRuduli xilvadobis pirobebSi

168. gaisvrian RamiT ganaTebul miznebSi iseve, rogorc
dRisiT, adgilmdebareobis ganaTebisas meavtomate aRmoaCens ra
mizans, swrafad ayenebs koras, umiznebs da isvris jers.
miznis xanmokle ganaTebisas (magaliTad, adgilmdebareoba
ganaTebulia gamnaTebeli vaznebiT) cecxli unda gavxsnaT
100 200 300 400 500
srolis
manZili (m)
AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74
damiznebis
wertilis
gatana
paraSutis-
tis
figurebSi

fexis
qveS
fexis
qveS
1 1 2 2

3

2

4

3
124
AKM-dan kora 30-iT, -74-dan kora 4-iT an `II~-Ti, miznis
qveS damiznebiT, Tu miznamde manZili ar aRemateba 300, 400
metrs, da miznis zeda nawilSi damiznebiT, Tu mizani imyofeba
300, 400 m-ze met manZilze.
droebiTi dabrmavebis Tavidan asacileblad ar unda vuyuroT
ganaTebis wyaros.
169. RamiT srola mizanSi, romelic Tavs gamoavlens
gasrolaTa anTebiT, sruldeba koris dayenebiT 3-ze, 4-ze an
`II~ -ze, grZeli jerebiT.



nax. 88. damiznebaze mizanSi srolisas, romelic Tavs gamoaCens
gasrolaTa anTebiT, samiznis mcvelisa da samizne
Tamasis meSveobiT


cecxli gaixsneba im momentSi, roca gasrolebis anTeba
moCans samiznis mcvelis centrsa da samizne Tamasis fafarze
(nax.88).
im SemTxvevaSi, roca ar moCans samiznis mcveli da samizne
Tamasis fafari, avtomati miznisken unda mivmarToT lulis
mixedviT.
125
Tu gamoiyeneba mowyobiloba RamiT srolisaTvis mnaTi
wertilebiT, maSin damizneba gasrolaTa anTebis mixedviT unda
SevasruloT ise, rogorc naCvenebia 89a nax-ze. Tu gamoiyeneba
mowyobiloba RamiT srolisaTvis mnaTi zolebiT, damiznebisas
aiReba swori samizne, romelic uTavsdeba gasrolaTa anTebas
(nax.89b).


nax. 89. damizneba RamiT srolisas TviTmnaTi
sacemebis meSveobiT
a. mnaTi wertilebiT; b. mnaTi zolebiT;
1. samarjvi; 2. samizne; 3. mnaTi wertilebi; 4. mnaTi zolebi;
5. gasrolaTa anTeba.

170. im mizanSi srolisaTvis, romlis silueti moCans cis,
xanZris anareklsa da Tovlis fonze, avtomati unda mivmarToT
miznis gverdiT Ria fonze da aviRoT swori samizne (nax. 90).


nax. 90. siluetSi damiznebis xerxi
126
Semdeg, avtomatis gadaadgilebiT, miviyvanoT damiznebis
wertili siluetis Suagulamde da gavxsnaT cecxli, isvrian
grZeli jerebiT. muq fonze (tye, buCqnari) xilvad miznebSi
srolisas avtomatis damizneba xdeba lulis mixedviT.
171. RamiT avtomatiT srolisaTvis winaswar momzadebisas
brustverSi iWreba Rari im gaangariSebiT, rom masSi Cadebuli
avtomati mimarTuli iyos mowinaaRmdegis SesaZlebeli gamoCenis
miznisaken; avtomatis gadaadgileba gverdiTi mimarTulebiT
mocemul seqtorSi izRudeba paloebiT; avtomatis mdgomareoba
simaRliT fiqsirdeba pistoletis saxeluris qveS amodebuli
busnos (mWidro Tovlis, amonaWrebiani ficris da a.S.) feniT.
172. RamiT srolisas cecxlis ukeT koreqtirebisaTvis
mizanSewonilia mgezveltyviebiani vaznebis gamoyeneba.
173. meavtomatesTan uSualo siaxloveSi myof miznebsa da im
miznebSi srola, romelTac Tavi bgerebiT gamoavlines, xdeba
grZeli jerebiT, avtomatis lulis mimarTviT bgeris mxares.
174. kvamlis safaris an niRabis ukan myof miznebSi isvrian
grZeli jerebiT, tyviebis frontiT gafantviT.

srola radioaqtiuri, qimiuri da biologiuri
dasnebovnebis pirobebSi

175. radioaqtiuri, qimiuri da biologiuri dasnebovnebis
pirobebSi isvrian dacvis individualur saSualebebSi.
airwinaRiT isvrian grZeli jerebiT. Tu srolis dros ar Cans
samizne Tamasis Wrili da samizne, avtomatis damizneba xdeba
lulis mixedviT.
radioaqtiuri, momwamlavi da biologiuri saSualebebiT
dasnebovnebul adgilmdebareobaze srolisas, maTgan pirvel
rigSi unda davicvaT avtomatis is nawilebi, romlebTanac
gviwevs Sexeba srolis dros.
srolis wesebi igivea, rac Cveulebriv pirobebSi srolisas.
adgilmdebareobis dasnebovnebuli ubnidan gasvlis Semdeg,
pirvelive SesaZleblobisas, aucilebelia avtomatis
dezaqtivaciis (degazaciis an dezinfeqciis) Catareba.

127
srola moZraobisas

176. qveiT wyobaSi, javSantransportiorze, qveiTTa sabrZolo
manqanasa da sxva saSualebebze meavtomatis moZraobisas srola
SeiZleba xanmokle SeCerebiT an svlisas (svlidan).
damiznebiTi srola xanmokle SeCerebiT sruldeba imave
wesebiT, rac adgilidan srolisas. srolisaTvis mzadeba, koris
dayeneba da damizneba unda moxdes moZraobisa da manqanis
damuxruWebis dros. gaCerebis momentSi davazustoT damiznebis
siswore da gavxsnaT cecxli.
qveiT wyobaSi moqmedebisas (svlisas manqanebze moqmedebisas)
srola, avtomatis gamudmebuli da mniSvnelovani rxevis gamo
sruldeba, rogorc wesi, pirapiri gasrolis siSoris
farglebSi mokle jerebiT. kora yendeba siSoris Sesabamisad da
srolis ganmavlobaSi ar icvleba.
damiznebis wertili simaRliT airCeva miznis qveda kidis
doneze, xolo gverdiTi mimarTulebiT manqanis moZraobis
siCqarisa da mimarTulebidan da miznis xasiaTidan gamomdinare.
wina (ukana) bortis zemoT an avtomobilis moZraobis
mimarTulebasTan ara umetes 30-iani kuTxiT cecxlis
gaxsnisas, damiznebis wertili gamoCenad miznebze uqaro amindSi,
rogorc wesi, miznis farglebs gareT ar unda gavitanoT.
Tu cecxli ixsneba marjvena (marcxena) bortis mxares
manqanis moZraobisas 10 km/sT siCqariT, damiznebis wertili 4
meaTasediT (damrgvalebulad) unda gavitanoT manqanis moZraobis
sapirispiro mxares. cocxal Zalaze srolisas SeiZleba
davimaxsovroT Semdegi wesi: damiznebis wertili gavitanoT
marjvniv (marcxniv) cecxlis warmoebisas marjvena (marcxena)
bortidan figuraTa im ricxviT, romelic tolia miznamde
aseuli metrebis ricxvisa. manqanis iribi moZraobisas
Sesworebebi orjer unda SevamciroT.
damiznebis wertilis gatana gverdiT qarsa da miznis
moZraobis daswrebaze unda gaviTvaliswinoT iseve, rogorc
adgilidan srolisas.
128
manqanis moZraobisas uswormasworo adgilmdebareobaze an
didi talRebis arsebobisas isvrian grZeli jerebiT, avtomatis
damiznebiT lulis mixedviT, koris gamoyenebis gareSe.
cecxlis ufro kargi koreqtirebisaTvis unda gamoviyenoT
mgezveltyviebiani vaznebi.


srola vertmfrenebidan

177. vertmfrenebidan cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis aucilebelia
vertmfrenis mimarTulebis, siCqaris, simaRlis, qaris siCqarisa
da miznis moZraobis gaTvaliswineba.
178. miwiszeda miznebSi 50-70 m-mde simaRleze mfreni
vertmfrenidan srolisas, roca miznis adgilis kuTxe ar
aRemateba 30-s, kora airCeva miznamde daxrili siSoris
Sesabamisad. ufro didi simaRlidan srolisas koris dayeneba
unda SevamciroT (SevitanoT Sesworeba miznis adgilis
kuTxeze);
- 200 m-mde frenis simaRlisas da 300 m-mde daxrili
siSorisas naxevari danayofiT;
- 200 m-mde frenis simaRlisas da 300 m-ze meti daxrili
siSorisas erTi danayofiT; damiznebis wertili simaRliT,
Cveulebriv airCeva miznis qveda kideze.
cecxldaSenis SesaZlebel seqtorebSi vertmfrenebidan
srolisaTvis arsebuli SezRuduli drois gaTvaliswinebiT
cecxli SeiZleba gavxsnaT 500 m-mde siSoreze da 200 m-mde
simaRleze koris `mudmivze~ dayenebiT.
179. gverdiTi mimarTulebiT damiznebis wertili airCeva
vertmfrenebis frenis siCqaris gavleniT tyviis gatanisa da
gverdiTi (vertmfrenis frenis mimarTulebis mimarT Semxvedri
Tu zurgis) qaris zemoqmedebiT tyviis gadaxris, agreTve miznis
moZraobis mimarTulebisa da siCqaris gaTvaliswinebiT.
vertmfrenis siCqaris gavleniT tyviis gatanis saxazo sidide
metrebSi tolia vertmfrenis siCqarisa m/wm-Si da tyviis
frenis drois wamebSi namravlisa. vertmfrenidan srolisas
gverdiTi qaris zemoqmedebiT tyviis gadaxris saxazo sidide da
129
moZraobaze daswrebis sidide ganisazRvreba imave wesebiT, rac
qveiT wyobaSi srolisas. gverdiT qarze Sesworeba unda
gaviTvaliswinoT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu qaris siCqare 5 m/wm-ze
metia, xolo daswreba _ Tu miznis siCqare 10 km/sT-ze metia.
vertmfrenidan srolisas yvelaze ufro efeqturi srolis
siSoreebze (200-400 m) damiznebis wertili gverdiTi
mimarTulebiT damrgvalebulad unda gavitanoT miznis
Suagulidan vertmfrenis frenis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT
(marcxena bortidan srolisas_marcxniv, xolo marjvena
bortidan srolisas marjvniv), metrebSi gazomili sididiT:
a) uZrav (gamoCenad) mizanSi srolisas:
- uqaro amindSi vertmfrenis kreiseruli siCqaris erT
meaTedamde; mag. vertmfrenis 200 km/sT-Si kreiseruli
siCqarisas damiznebis wertili unda gavitanoT 20 m-ze
(200:10);
- Semxvedri (zurgis) qarisas sagzao siCqaris erT
meaTedze: mag. vertmfrenis 200 km/sT kreiseruli siCqarisas da
30 km/sT siCqaris Semxvedri qarisas damiznebis wertili unda
gavitanoT 17 m-iT (200-30):10; qaris mimarTuleba da siCqare
ganisazRvreba adgilobrivi sagnebis mixedviT (kvamlis, mtvris
gadaadgilebis, xeebis daxris da a.S. mixedviT):
b) moZrav sagnebSi srolisas:
- uZrav mizanSi srolisaTvis damiznebis gansazRvruli
wertilis gatanis sidides emateba daswreba miznis Semxvedri
moZraobisa da akldeba miznis Tanamgzavruli moZraobisas; mag.
200 km/sT siCqariT mfreni vertmfrenidan srolisaTvis
avtomobilze ganlagebul qveiT jarze, Tu avtomobili moZraobs
vertmfrenis frenis Semxvedri mimarTulebiT, 300 m-is siSoreze
50 km/sT siCqariT, 30 km/sT siCqaris qarisas, damiznebis
wertili unda gavitanoT 28m-iT (200+30):10+5m, sadac 5 metri
aris daswreba miznis moZraobaze, romelic aRebulia daswrebaTa
cxrilidan.
180. vertmfrenidan cecxli, rogorc wesi, ixsneba grZeli
jerebiTa (10-15 gasrola) da maRali tempiT. srolisa da
cecxlis koreqtirebis Sedegebze dakvirvebisaTvis saWiroa
mgezveltyviebiani vaznebis ufro xSiri gamoyeneba. srola
130
SeiZleba miznis Tanxlebis an sacecxle Tavdasxmis (miznis
lodinis) xerxiT.
cecxlis gaxsnisas im xerxiT, romelic hgavs miznis
Tanxlebas, aucilebelia, gadavaadgiloT iaraRi vertmfrenis
frenis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT (ukan) gverdiTi Sesworebis
sididiT, xolo yvelaze ufro swori damiznebis momentSi
vawarmooT grZeli jeri; davazustoT damiznebis wertilis
gatanis sidide da vawarmooT Semdgomi jeri srolis procesSi
(aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi miviyvanoT jeris trasebi mizanTan).
cecxlis gaxsnisas im xerxiT, romelic hgavs sacecxle
Tavdaxmas, aucilebelia avirCioT wertili miznis Suagulidan
erTnaxevari_ori gverdiTi Sesworebis sididis daSorebaze da
am wertilTan damiznebis wertilis SeTavsebisas, iaraRis myarad
daWeriT, vawarmooT grZeli jeri srolis procesSi
(aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi miviyvanoT trasebi mizanTan).


vaznebiT momarageba da maTi xarji brZolaSi

181. vaznebis marags meavtomateebi atareben CanTebSi Cawyobil
savazne kolofebsa da mWidebSi.
brZolaSi meavtomateebis vaznebiT uzrunvelyofen vaznebis
mimtanebi, romelTac gamoyofs qvedanayofis meTauri.
satarebeli maragis naxevris daxarjvis Semdeg meavtomate
amis Sesaxeb moaxsenebs aTeulis meTaurs.
avtomatisaTvis vaznebiT aRWurvili erTi savazne kolofi
yovelTvis unda hqondes meavtomates, rogorc xelSeuxebeli
maragi, romelic ixarjeba mxolod meTauris nebarTviT.








131
d a n a r T e b i
danarTi 1
me-2 muxlisaTvis

7,62mm-iani kalaSnikovis modernizirebuli avtomatis da
5,45mm-iani kalaSnikovis avtomatis balistikuri da
konstruqciuli monacemebi
rigiTi
#
monacemebis dasaxeleba AKM -74
1. samizne manZili (m) 1000 1000
2. pirdapiri gasrolis siSore:
samkerde figuraSi (m) 350 440
morbenal figuraSi (m) 525 625
3. srolis, gasrolaTa tempi wuTSi 600 600
4. sabrZolo srolis, gasrolaTa siswrafe:
erTeuli gasrolebiT srolisas 40 40
jeriT srolisas 100 100
5. tyviis sawyisi siCqare (m; wm) 715 900
6.
siSore, sadamdec SenarCunebulia tyviis sasikvdilo
moqmedeba (m)
1500 1350
7. tyviis frenis zRvruli siSore (m) 3000 3150
8. avtomatis wona (kg)
aRuWurveli plastmasis savazne kolofiT 3,1/3,3 3,3/3,2
aRWurvili plastmasis savazne kolofiT 3,6/3,8 3,6/3,5
9. savazne kolofis tevadoba, vazna.... 30 30
10. plastmasis savazne kolofis wona (kg) ...................... 0,17 0,23
11. xiSt-danis wona (kg)
qarqaSiT ............... 0,45 0,49
uqarqaSod.............. 0,26 0,32
12. kalibri (mm) ......... 7,62 5,45
13. avtomatis sigrZe (mm)

avtomatisa, mierTebuli xiSt-daniTa da gadaxsnili
kondaxiT
1020 1089

avtomatisa, mierTebuli xiSt-danis gareSe,
gadaxsnili kondaxiT
880 940
dakecili kandaxiT............... 640 700
14. lulis sigrZe (mm) 415 415
15. lulis kuTxviliani nawilis sigrZe (mm) 369 372
16. naWdevebis raodenoba (cal) 4 4
17. naWdevebis svlis sigrZe (mm) 240 200
18. dasamiznebeli xazis sigrZe (mm) 378 379
19. samiznis sisqe (mm) 2 2
20. vaznis wona (gr) ...... 16,2 10,2
21. foladisguliani tyviis wona (gr) ..... 7,9 3,4
22. denTis muxtis wona (gr) ..... 1,6 1,45
23.
RamiT srolis samizne universaluris () wona
sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi (kg) .....................
2,2 2,2
avtomatis wona miTiTebulia xiSt-danis gareSe; mricxvelSi aRniSnulia
mudmivkondaxiani avtomatis wona, xolo mniSvnelSi dasakeckondaxianisa.
132
danarTi 2
me-2 muxlisaTvis

a) 7,62mm-iani vaznebis tyviis gamxvreti moqmedeba kalaSnikovis
modernizebuli avtomatiT (AKM) srolisas
rigiTi
#
dabrkolebis
(damcavi
saSualebis)
dasaxeleba
tyviis tipi
gamWoli
natyviarebis
procenti an
tyviis SeRwevis
siRrme
1 foladis
furclebi (90
o
-
iani Sexvedris
kuTxisas) 7 mm-
is sisqis:
javSangamtan-
cecxlgamCeni
tyvia

300

200
50%
90%
2 foladis
muzaradi
(CaCqani)
foladis
gulariani
tyvia
900 80-90%
3 javSanJileti foladis gu-
lariani tyvia
javSangamtan-
cecxlgamCeni
tyvia
1100
600
80-90%
80-90%
4. brustveri mWid-
rod datkepnili
Tovlisagan
yvela tipis
tyviebi
500 70-80 sm
5. miwis dabrko-
leba datkepnili
Tixnari
gruntisagan
yvela tipis
tyviebi
500 25-30 sm
6. kedeli 20X20sm
sisqis xmeli
fiWvis
Zelebisagan
foladis
gulariani
tyvia javSan-
gamtan-cecxl-
gamCeni tyvia
500
150
25 sm
30-40 sm
7.
aguris wyoba
foladis
gulariani
tyvia javSan-
gamtan-cecxl-
gamCeni tyvia
100 12-15 sm
133

b) 5,45mm-iani vaznis foladguliani tyviis gamxvreti
moqmedeba kalaSnikovis avtomatiT (-74) srolisas

rigiTi
#
dabrkolebis (damcavi saSualebis)
dasaxeleba
srolis
siSore (m)
gamWoli
natyviarebis
procenti an
tyviis
SeRwevis si-
Rrme
foladis furclebi (90
o
-iani
Sexvedris kuTxisas) sisqiT:

2 mm -----------------------
----------------------------------------------
950 50%
3 mm-------------------------
----------------------------------------------
670 50%
1.
5 mm-------------------------
----------------------------------------------
250 50%
2.
foladis muzaradi (CaCqani) 800 80-90%
3.
javSanJileti 350 75-100%
4.
brustveri mWidrod datkepnili
Tovlisagan
400 30-60%
5.
miwis dabrkoleba datkepnili
Tixnari gruntisagan
400 20-25%
6.
kedeli 20sm sisqis xmeli WiWvis
Zelebisagan
650 50%
7.
aguris wyoba 100 10-12 sm
134
danarTi 3
me-2 muxlisaTvis
ZiriTadi cxrili
kalaSnikovis avtomatebisaTvis (AKM da -74)


foladis guliani tyvia tyviis sawyisi siCqare AKM 715 m/wm da -74 AKM 900m/wm
tyviis wona 7,6gr gamofrenis kuTxe AKM minus 2wT da -74 minus 4wT
-74 tyviis wona3,4gr
tyviis salule energia AKM 207kgxm -74 140kgxm

siSore damiznebis kuTxe dacemis kuTxe
traeqtoriis
simaRle
horizontal
uri siSore
traeqtoriis
mwvervalamde
tyviis frenis
sruli dro
tyviis
saboloo
siCqare
tyviis
energia
dacemis
wertilidan
grad.wT. meaTased. grad.wT. meaTased. metri metri wami m/wm kgxm
metri
AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74
100 0 07 0 08 1,9 2,2 0 04 0 02 1,1 0,6 0,03 0,02 51 51 0,15 0,12 623 801 157 111
200 0 11 0 10 3,1 2,8 0 09 0 06 2,5 1,7 0,13 0,08 105 104 0,32 0,25 537 709 117 87
300 0 16 0 13 4,4 3,6 0 18 0 10 5,0 2,8 0,34 0,20 162 159 0,52 0,39 459 623 86 67
400 0 22 0 16 6,1 4,4 0 31 0 16 8,6 4,4 0,71 0,40 221 217 0,76 0,57 391 543 63 51
500 0 31 0 20 8,6 5,5 0 48 0 25 13 6,9 1,3 0,74 282 277 1,04 0,77 334 467 47 38
600 0 42 0 26 12 7,2 1 09 0 38 19 11 2,3 1,3 344 341 1,35 1,01 304 397 37 26
700 0 54 0 34 15 9,4 1 35 0 57 26 16 3,7 2,1 406 407 1,69 1,29 284 340 32 20
800 1 08 0 43 19 12 2 06 1 21 35 23 5,5 3,3 468 476 2,05 1,60 266 306 29 16
900 _ 0 54 _ 15 _ 1 49 _ 30 _ 4,9 _ 543 _ 1,94 _ 285 _ 14
1000 _ 1 07 _ 19 _ 2 20 _ 39 _ 7,1 _ 608 _ 2,34 _ 267 _ 12

135
danarTi 4
me-2 muxlisaTvis
damiznebis xazze traeqtoriis gadacileba
kalaSnikovis avtomatebisaTvis (AKM da -74)

foladisguliani tyvia
AKM tyviis wona 7,6gr tyviis sawyisi siCqare AKM 715 m/wm da -74 900 m/wm
-74 tyviis wona 3,4gr
s
i
S
o
r
e

m

k
o
r
a

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
s a n t i m e t r e b i

AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74
1 0 0 0 0 _7 _3 _20 _10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2 5 3 10 5 9 5 0 0 _17 _10 _45 _25 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3 13 6 25 13 31 17 30 16 20 11 0 0 _31 _17 _77 _43 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4 22 11 44 24 60 33 69 38 68 37 57 22 35 20 0 0 _52 _27 _123 _65 _ _ _ _
5 34 18 68 37 96 52 116 64 127 70 129 71 119 65 95 52 55 31 0 0 _83 _42 _187 _98
s
i
S
o
r
e

m

k
o
r
a

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

800

900 1000 1100 1200
m e t r e b i
AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74 AKM -74
6 0,98 0,54 1,8 0,97 2,2 1,2 2,1 1,2 1,4 0,82 0 0 _2,7 _1,5 _6,4 _3,7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7 1,3 0,75 2,5 1,4 3,3 1,8 3,6 2,0 3,3 1,9 2,1 1,3 0 0 _3,5 _2,1 _8,4 _5,2 _ _ _ _ _ _
8 1,8 1,0 3,4 1,9 4,6 2,7 5,4 3,1 5,5 3,2 4,7 2,9 3,0 1,9 0 0 _4,5 _2,9 10,5 _7,0 _ _ _ _
9 _ 1,4 _ 2,2 _ 3,6 _ 4,4 _ 4,8 _ 4,8 _ 4,1 _ 2,6 _ 0 _ _3,8 _ _8,9 _ _
10 _ 1,7 _ 3,3 _ 4,8 _ 5,9 _ 6,7 _ 7,1 _ 6,8 _ 5,6 _ 3,4 _ 0 _ _4,8 _ _11,1
136
danarTi 5
me-2 muxlisaTvis
gafantvis daxasiaTeba
(AKM avtomatisaTvis )

foladisguliani tyvia
mokle jerebiT srolisas avtomatiT wolela sayrdenidan an mdgomela sangridan

gafantvis saSualo gadaxrebi gadaxris sibrtyis gulidan (centridan)
jerebis Semdgomi tyviebis
jerebis pirveli
tyviebis tyviebis
moxvedris
Suawertilebis
Sejamebeli
simaRleSi
B
B 1

gverdiT
B
1

simaRleSi
B
B

gverdiT
B

simaRleSi
B
B
m.S.w
gverdiT
B

m.S.w
simaRleSi
B
B
Semaj
gverdiT
B

Semaj
simaRleSi

B

gverdiT

siSore
(m)
metri
100 0,04 0,03 0,06 0,09 0,05 0,07 0,08 0,11 0,24 0,34
200 0,08 0,07 0,11 0,18 0,10 0,13 0,15 0,22 0,46 0,68
300 0,02 0,11 0,17 0,27 0,15 0,20 0,23 0,33 0,70 1,01
400 0,17 0,15 0,23 0,36 0,20 0,27 0,31 0,44 0,95 1,35
500 0,21 0,18 0,29 0,45 0,26 0,33 0,39 0,56 1,19 1,71
600 0,26 0,22 0,35 0,54 0,31 0,40 0,47 0,67 1,44 2,05
700 0,32 0,26 0,42 0,63 0,36 0,46 0,55 0,78 1,69 2,39
800 0,38 0,31 0,49 0,72 0,41 0,53 0,64 0,90 1,96 2,75
SeniSvna: erTeuli gasrolebiT srolisas gafantvis maxasiaTeblebi Seesabameba jerebis pirveli
gasrolebis gafantvis maxasiaTeblebs (B
B1
da B
1
).
137
gafantvis daxasiaTeba
(-74 avtomatisaTvis)

a) mokle jerebiT srolisas (3 gasrola) avtomatiT wolela sayrdenidan

foladisguliani tyvia
mokle jerebiT srolisas avtomatiT wolela sayrdenidan an sangridan

gafantvis saSualo gadaxrebi (sm)
jerebis Semdgomi tyviebis
jerebis pirveli
tyviebis tyviebis moxvedris Suawertilebis Sejamebeli
simaRleSi gverdiT simaRleSi gverdiT simaRleSi gverdiT simaRleSi gverdiT
siSore
(m)
B
B1
B
1
B
B
B

B
B
mSw B

mSw B
B
Semaj B

Semaj
100 4 2 3 4 5 7 6 8
200 8 4 6 8 10 14 12 16
300 12 6 9 12 15 21 18 24
400 16 8 12 16 20 28 24 32
500 20 10 15 20 25 35 30 40
600 24 12 18 24 30 42 36 48
700 29 14 22 28 35 49 42 56
800 34 17 26 32 40 56 48 64
900 39 20 31 37 45 63 65 73
1000 46 23 37 42 50 70 62 82
SeniSvna: 1. cxrilSi naCvenebia saukeTeso meavtomateebis gafantvis maxasiaTeblebi.
2. mocemuli cxrili gamosadegia Ramissamizniani avtomatiT srolisaTvis.
3. erTeuli gasrolebiT srolisas gafantvis maxasiaTeblebi Seesabameba jerebis pirveli
gasrolebis gafantvis maxasiaTeblebs (B
B1
da B
1
).
138
b) gafantvis maxasiaTeblebis Secvlis gardamavali koeficientebi
srolisaTvis mdgomareobis Secvlisas

gardamavali koeficientebi wolela sayrdeniT mdgomareobidan srolasTan SedarebiT
jerebis Semdgomi tyviebis
jerebis pirveli
tyviebis tyviebis
moxvedris
Suawertilebis
Sejamebeli
simaRleSi gverdiT simaRleSi gverdiT simaRleSi gverdiT simaRleSi gverdiT
mdgomareoba
srolisaTvis
B
B1
B
1
B
B
B

B
B
m.S.w B

m.S.w B
B
Semaj
B

Semaj
mdgomela
sangridan
sayrdeniT
1,2 2,0 2,0 1,7 1,0 1,1 1,3 1,4
wolela
xelidan
1,2 2,5 8,3 3,5 1,4 1,6 4,3 2,1
Coqela 1,7 4,5 8,0 7,2 5,2 2,0 5,8 4,0
mdgomela
xelidan
2,5 3,7 11,3 10,5 3,0 3,0 6,2 5,9
svlidan
xanmokle
SeCerebiT
3,7 7,0 12,3 11,2 5,6 4,4 7,7 6,8
qsm-dan
adgilidan
1,3 2,0 3,0 3,2 1,0 1,6 1,8 2,1
SeniSvna: gafantvis maxasiaTeblebis gansazRvrisaTvis srolisaTvis mocemuli mdgomareobidan,
aucilebelia cxrilSi wolela sayrdeniani mdgomareobisaTvis miTiTebuli sidideebi gavamravloT
srolisaTvis mdgomareobis Sesabamis gardamaval koeficientze.

139
danarTi 6
me-2 muxlisaTvis

vaznebis raodenoba, romelic aucilebelia erTeuli miznis dasazianeblad
kalaSnikovis () avtomatidan srolisas
mokle jerebiT srolisas avtomatiT wolela sayrdenidan an sangridan srolisas


srolis
manZili (m)

Tavis
figura
samkerde
figura
welis
figura
morbenali
figura
morbenali figura
(iribad)
profilSi
tyviamfrqvevi
reaqtiuli
tanksawinaaRmdego Tofi
tanksawinaaRmdego
yumbarsatyorc

100
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3


200
2
4
1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3
1
3

1
3


300
3
6
2
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
2
4
1
3
1
3

400
4
9
3
6
2
4

2
4
2
5
2
5

1
3
1
3


500
6
13
4
9
2
5

2
5
2
6
3
6
2
4
1
3


600 -
5
12
3
6
2
6

3
7
4
8
2
5
2
4

700 -
7
16
4
8
3
7
4
9
5
11
2
6
2
4

800 - -
5
11

4
9

5
11

7
15
3
7

2
5

mricxvelSi _ mokle jerebiT srolisas, mniSvnelSi _ erTeuli cecxliT srolisas.
SeniSvna: 1. moZrav (flangurad an kuTxiT) mizanSi srolisas vaznebis raodenoba izrdeba 1,3-jer.
2. Ramis samizniani avtomatiT srolisas wolela mdgomareobidan sayrdeniT an mdgomela sangridan vaznebis
raodenoba miiReba iseTive, rogorc am mdgomareobidan dRisiT srolisas.
3. sadesanto gadamyvani saSualebebidan srolisas vaznebis raodenoba izrdeba 2-jer.
4. wolela mdgomareobidan xelidan, Coqela mdgomareobidan da moZraobaSi mokle SeCerebebiT an mdgomela
mdgomareobidan srolisas vaznebis raodenoba Sesabamisad izrdeba: 100 m manZilze 1,3 da 1,8 jer, 200m
manZilze 1,6 da 2,3 jer, did manZilze 2 jer.
140
vaznebis raodenoba, romelic aucilebelia erTeuli miznis dasazianeblad kalaSnikovis (-74)
avtomatidan samgasroliani jerebiT srolisas (mniSvnelSi avtomatiT srolisas erTeuli
gasrolebiT saukeTeso meavtomateebis

miznis dasxeleba da nomeri mdgomare
oba
srolisa
Tvis
srolis
manZili
(m)
Tavis
figura
samkerde
figura
welis
figura
morbenali
figura
reaqtiuli
tanksawinaaRm
dego Tofi
tanksawinaaRm-
dego
yumbarsatyorcni
tyviamfrqvevi vertfreni
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
100
1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

200
1
4

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

300
2
5

1
4

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

400
3
7

2
4

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
4

1
3

1
3

500
4
10

2
6

1
4

1
3

1
3

2
5

1
4

1
3

600
6
14

3
8

2
4

1
4

1
4

2
5

2
5

1
3

700
8
19

4
10

2
5

2
5

2
4

3
6

2
5

1
3

w
o
l
e
l
a

s
a
y
r
d
e
n
i
T


800
11
26

6
14

3
7

2
6

2
5

3
8

3
7
1
3


141
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
100
1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

200
2
4

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

300
3
7

2
4

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

400
5
11

3
6

2
4

2
4

1
3

2
4

1
4

1
3

500
7
16

4
9

2
5

2
5

2
4

2
5

2
5

1
3

600
11
22

5
12

3
6

2
6

2
5

3
7

2
6

1
3

700
15
31

8
16

4
8

3
7

3
6

4
9

3
7

1
3

m
d
g
o
m
e
l
a

s
a
n
g
r
i
d
a
n

s
a
y
r
d
e
n
i
T




800
20
41

10
21

5
10

4
8

3
7

5
11

4
9

1
3






142
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
100
1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

200
2
5

1
4

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

300
4
9

2
5

1
4

1
4

1
3

1
4

1
3

1
3

400
7
14

3
8

2
5

2
6

1
4

2
5

1
4

1
3

500
10
21

5
12

2
7

2
7

2
5

2
6

2
5

1
3

600
15
25

7
14

3
8

3
9

2
5

3
7

3
6

1
3

700
20
44

10
23

5
12

4
12

3
7

4
11

4
9

1
3

o
l
e
l
a

x
e
l
i
d
a
n


800
26

13
30

7
15

5
15

4
9

6
15

5
12

1
3







143
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
100
1
4

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

200
4
11

2
7

2
5

2
5

1
3

1
4

1
4

1
3

300
8
22

4
12

3
7

2
7

2
5

2
7

2
6

1
3

400
14
32

8
20

4
11

3
10

3
7

4
11

3
9

1
3

500
22

11
29

6
16

5
13

4
10

5
15

4
12

1
3

600
32

17
39

8
21

6
17

5
14

8
21

6
17

1
4

700
45

23
50

11
27

8
22

7
18

11
27

9
23

1
4

C
o
q
e
l
a


800

=
30

14
34

11
27

9
24

14
35

11
29

2
5







144
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
100
2
5

1
4

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

200
5
15

3
8

2
5

2
5

1
4

2
5

2
4

1
3

300
12
30

6
16

3
9

3
7

2
6

3
9

3
7

1
3

400
20
47

10
26

5
14

4
11

3
9

5
14

4
11

1
3

500
32

16
37

8
20

6
15

5
13

8
20

6
16

1
3

600
46

23
49

11
27

8
21

7
18

11
27

9
23

1
4

700 =
32

15
34

11
27

9
24

15
35

12
30

2
5

m
d
g
o
m
e
l
a

x
e
l
i
d
a
n


800

=
46

19
42

14
33

12
30

19
43

16
37

2
5








145
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
100
3
10

2
6

1
4

1
4

1
3

1
4

1
4

1
3

200
12
35

6
18

3
9

3
8

2
6

3
9

3
8

1
3

300
27

4
38

7
19

5
14

4
12

7
19

5
15

1
3

400
48

24

11
31

8
23

7
20

11
32

9
25

1
4

500 - -
17
48

12
35

11
31

17
48

14
38

2
5

600 - -
24

17
48

15
43

24

19

2
7

700 - -
32

24

21

33

26

3
8

s
v
l
i
s
a
s

x
a
n
m
o
k
l
e

S
e
C
e
r
e
b
i
T

800 - -
42

30

27

43

34

4
10






146
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
100
1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

200
2
5

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

300
3
8

2
3

1
4

1
3

1
3

1
4

1
3

1
3

400
5
13

3
7

2
4

2
4

1
3

2
5

2
4

1
3

500
8
20

4
11

2
6

2
5

2
4

2
6

2
5

1
3

600
11
27

6
15

3
8

2
6

2
5

3
8

2
7

1
3

700
16
37

8
20

4
10

3
8

3
7

4
11

3
9

1
3

q
v
e
i
i
T
T
a

s
a
b
r
Z
o
l
o

m
a
n
q
a
n
i
d
a
n
,

a
d
g
i
l
i
d
a
n

800
22
48

11
27

5
14

4
11

3
9

6
14

4
11

1
3

SeniSvna: 1. moZrav (flangurad an kuTxiT) mizanSi srolisas vaznebis raodenoba izrdeba 1,3-jer.
2. Ramis samizniani avtomatiT srolisas wolela mdgomareobidan sayrdeniT an mdgomela
sadgaridan vaznebis raodenoba miiReba iseTive, rogorc am mdgomareobidan dRisiT
srolisas.
147
danarTi 7

damiznebis wertilis miznidan gverdiT gatana qaris siCqarisa da miznis flanguri
moZraobis gaTvaliswinebiT (AKM) avtomatidan srolisas

SeniSvna: 1. cxrilis monacemebi Zlieri gverdiTi qarisas aucilebelia gavzardoT 2-jer, xolo
susti qarisas _ SevamciroT 2-jer. rodesac srolis sibrtyisadmi uberavs iribi qari
cxrilis monacemebi aucilebelia SevamciroT 2-jer.
2. iribad moZravi miznis cxriluri monacemebi aucilebelia Semcirdes 2-jer.
gverdiTi
qari,
siCqariT
morbenali
figura,
siCqariT
avtomobili (motocikli),
siCqariT
4 m/wm 1,5 m/wm 3 m/wm 10 km/sT 20 km/sT 40 km/sT 60 km/sT
m
a
n
Z
i
l
i

(
m
)

m
e
t
r
e
b
S
i

m
e
a
T
a
s
e
d
e
b
S
i

a
d
a
m
i
n
i
s

f
i
g
u
r
e
b
S
i

m
e
t
r
e
b
S
i

a
d
a
m
i
n
i
s

f
i
g
u
r
e
b
S
i

m
e
t
r
e
b
S
i

a
d
a
m
i
n
i
s

f
i
g
u
r
e
b
S
i

m
e
t
r
e
b
S
i

m
e
a
T
a
s
e
d
e
b
S
i

m
e
t
r
e
b
S
i

m
e
a
T
a
s
e
d
e
b
S
i

m
e
t
r
e
b
S
i

m
e
a
T
a
s
e
d
e
b
S
i

m
e
t
r
e
b
S
i

m
e
a
T
a
s
e
d
e
b
S
i

100 _ _ _ 0,2 0,5 0,5 1 0,4 4 0,8 8 1,7 17 2,5 25
200 0,2 1 0,5 0,5 1 1,0 2 0,9 4,5 1,8 9 3,6 18 5,3 27
300 0,4 1 1 0,8 1,5 1,6 3 1,4 4,5 2,9 10 5,8 19 8,7 29
400 0,8 2 1,5 1,1 2 2,2 4 2,1 5 4,2 10 8,4 21 12,6 31
500 1,4 3 3 1,6 3 3,1 6 2,9 6 5,8 11 11,6 23 17 34
600 2,0 3,5 4 2,0 4 4,0 8 3,8 6 7,5 12 15,0 25 22 37
700 2,8 4 5,5 2,5 5 5,1 10 4,7 6,5 9,4 13 18,8 27 28 40
800 3,7 4,5 7 3,1 6 6,2 12 5,7 7 11 14 22,8 29 34 43
148
danarTi 8
130-e muxlisaTvis

vertmfrenebis mowyoba sasroli iaraRiT srolisaTvis

1. sasroli iaraRiT usafrTxoebisa da moxerxebulobis
uzrunvelsayofad -8 da zogierTi sxva vertmfrenebi
mowyobilia specialuri tabikuri danadgarebiT
(kronSteinebiT).
-8 vertmfrenze tabikuri danadgarebi ganlagebulia:
_ Sesasvlel karTan kalaSnikovis avtomatiT srolisaTvis;
meore da mexuTe sacqer sarkmlebTan (blisterTan) marcxena
bortze da pirvel, meore da mexuTe sacqer sarkmlebTan
marjvena bortze;
2. -8 vertmfrenis sasroli iaraRiT srolisaTvis
mowyobilobis kompleqtSi Sedis:
_ erTi ferma da SemoRobva Sesasvleli karidan srolis
uzrunvelsayofad;
_ xuTi tabikuri Tavi avtomatisaTvis;
_ xuTi dgari, sacqer sarkmlebTan ganlagebuli danadgarebis
tabikuri TavebisaTvis;
_ eqvsi urTierTSemcvleli masraTSemkrebi avtomatisaTvis;
3. tabikuri danadgari Sesasvleli karidan srolisaTvis
(nax.91 a,b) Sedgeba: fermisagan, fermis saxsriani sakidaris
kvanZebisagan, tabikuri Tavisagan, avtomatis dasamagreblad,
SemoRobvisagan, (Storisagan), masraTSemkrebisagan da damzRvevi
qamrisagan.
fermaze moTavsebulia Wiqa tabikuri Tavis dasamagreblad da
sayrdenebi, horizontalur sibrtyeSi Tavis mobrunebis
SesazRudad; saxeluri zambariTa da SveriliT danadgaris
gadasayvanad salaSqro mdgomareobidan sabrZoloSi,
sabrZolodan salaSqroSi da mis dasafiqsireblad sabrZolo
mdgomareobaSi.




149

nax. 91. tabikuri danadgari Sesasvleli karidan srolisaTvis
a. saerTo xedi; b. tabikuri Tavi kalaSnikovis tyviamfrqvevis
dasamagreblad.
1. ferma; 2. fermis Sarniruli danadgarebis kvanZebi; 3. SemoRobva;
4. Wiqa; 5. saxeluri; 6. tabiki; 7. sayrdeni; 8. poWoWikis bude;
9. momWeri; 10. RerZi; 11. buniki; 12. kauWi; 13. Sesasvleli karis sio.

SemoRobvis daniSnulebaa srolis dros Sesasvleli karis
wina nawilSi arsebuli RreCos daxurva da lentis gareT
gamovardnis Tavidan acileba. mas gaaCnia mili bunikebiT
zemodan da kavebi karis sioSi dasamagreblad.
4. tabikuri danadgari sacqeri sarkmlidan srolisaTvis
(nax.92 a,b) Sedgeba dgarisagan _ horizontalur sibrtyeSi
tabikis Tavis mobrunebis SemzRudveli sabjenebiT, dgaris
saxsruli damagrebis kvanZis, tabikuri Tavisagan, avtomatis
masraTSemkrebis dasamagreblad. tabikur Tavs avtomatis
dasamagreblad gaaCnia: tabiki, vertikalur sibrtyeSi Tavis
mobrunebis SemzRudveli sabjenebi, kalapoti, gadasaxsneli
Tamasa; ori loya zambarebiT, momWeri mowyobiloba saxeluriTa
da muStiT; marjvena loyaze korZi xvreliT masraTSemkrebis
dasamagreblad misi bunikis meSveobiT.
loyebi zambaris zemoqmedebiT, roca saxeluri aweulia zeviT,
gaxsnilia da gvaZleven gadasaxsnel Tamasaze (kalapotze)
avtomatis salulis dadebis saSualebas, saxeluris
mobrunebisas zemodan bolomde qvemoT muSti afarToebs loyebis
qveda nawilebs da isini, brundebian ra RerZze, etmasnebian
iaraRis salules.
150
5. tabikuri danadgarebi gvaZleven sasroli iaraRiT cecxlis
Semdeg seqtorebSi cecxlis warmoebis saSualebas (ix. cxrili);
dacxrilvis seqtorebi
vertikalur
sibrtyeSi
gr.wT. r
i
g
i
T
i

#

tabikuri danadgarebi
horizontal
ur
sibrtyeSi
zemoT qvemoT
1 marcxena wina (Sesasvlel karTan aRniSnulia
warweriT `~)
81
0
+4
0
30

-55
0
00

2 marcxena Sua (meore blisterTan `2~) 20
0
+3
0
00

-36
0
10

3 marcxena ukana (mexuTe blisterTan `3 ~) 63
0
+4
0
10

-29
0
30

4
marjvena wina (pirvel blisterTan `1
~);
66
0
+2
0
00

-35
0
10

5 marjvena Sua (meore blisterTan `2 ~) 31
0
+2
0
00

-30
0
30

6
marjvena ukana (mexuTe blisterTan `3
~)
68
0
+3
0
40

-31
0
00




nax. 92. tabikuri danadgari sacqeri sarkmlidan srolisaTvis
a. saerTo xedi; b. tabikuri Tavi avtomatis dasamagreblad.
1. dgari; 2. dgaris Sarniruli damagrebis kvanZi; 3. korZi
masraTSemkrebis dasamagreblad; 4. tabiki; 5. kalapoti; 6. saxeluri;
7. loya; 8. Wilibi; 9. sacqeri sarkmeli; 10. muStisa da saxeluris
RerZi; 11. loyis RerZi; 12. loyebis zambara; 13. gadasaxsneli Tamasa;
14. masraTSemkrebi.
151
iaraRis mobrunebis SezRudva horizontalur da vertikalur
sibrtyeebSi yovel danadgarze miiRweva specialuri
saregulirebeli sayrdenebis meSveobiT. yoveli danadgari
gankuTvnilia cecxlis warmoebisaTvis gansazRvruli sacqeri
sarkmlidan da tabikur Tavsa da dgarze gaaCnia saTanado
warwera. vertmfrenis konstruqciis tyviiT gaxvretis Tavidan
acilebis mizniT, dauSvebelia tabikuri danadgarebis
(gansakuTrebiT Tavebis) gadadgma Sesasvlel karTan da pirvel
marjvena blisterTan (kalaSnikovis tyviamfrqveviT srolisaTvis
arsebuli Tavebis Secvla TaviT avtomatiT, xelis
tyviamfrqveviT srolisaTvis da piriqiT, warmoebs
bortteqnikosis mier).
6. sacqeri sarkmlebi, romlebTanac ganlagebulia tabikuri
danadgarebi, iReba SigniT da fiqsirdeba zeda mdgomareobaSi.
7. tabikuri danadgarebi, Cveulebriv, arian salaSqro
mdgomareobaSi. maTi moxsna SeiZleba vertmfrenidan da inaxeba
specialur CemodanSi.
8. vertmfrenis satvirTo kabinaSi dayenebulia sayviri
bgeriTi signalebis gadasacemad desantisaTvis. iqve
ganlagebulia salaparako mowyobilobis CasarTveli damatebiTi
wertili, vertmfrenis Sida salaparako mowyobilobasTan
specialuri CarTvisaTvis vertmfrenis ekipaJis desantis
meTaurTan dasakavSireblad.












152
sarCevi

nawili pirveli
avtomatebis mowyobiloba, maTi gamoyeneba, movla da
Senaxva ............................................................................................................................ 3
Tavi I.
saerTo cnobebi. avtomatis daniSnuleba da sabrZolo
Tvisebebi ....................................................................................................................... 4
avtomatis Semadgeneli nawilebi da meqanizmebi.
maTi muSaobis principi ....................................................................................... 6
Tavi II.
avtomatis daSla da awyoba ............................................................................ 9
Tavi III.
avtomatis nawilebisa da meqanizmebis, sakuTnosa da
vaznebis daniSnuleba, mowyobiloba. avtomatis
nawilebisa da meqanizmebis daniSnuleba da mowyobiloba .......... 26
avtomatis sakuTno .............................................................................................. 43
7,62mm-iani da 5,45mm-iani sabrZolo vaznebi ...................................... 44
Tavi IV.
avtomatis nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba.
nawilebisa da meqanizmebis mdgomareoba datenamde ........................ 47
nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba datenisas .................................. 48
nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba srolisas. nawilebisa
da meqanizmebis muSaoba avtomaturi srolisas ................................ 50
nawilebis da meqanizmebis erTeuli gasroliT srilisas .......... 52
Seferxebebi avtomatiT srolisas da maTi
aRmofxvris xerxebi ............................................................................................ 53
Tavi V.
avtomatis movla da Senaxva. saerTo debuleba ................................ 57
mimdinare momsaxureba ....................................................................................... 59
avtomatis vaznebis Senaxva da dacva .................................................... 63
Tavi VI.
avtomatis sakontrolo daTvaliereba da misi
momzadeba srolisaTvis. saerTo debulebani ...................................... 65
jariskacebisa da serJantebis mier avtomatis
sakontrolo daTvalierebis wesebi ......................................................... 66

153
oficrebis mier avtomatis sakontrolo
daTvalierebis wesi ........................................................................................... 68
sabrZolo vaznebis daTvaliereba .............................................................. 71
avtomatis momzadeba srolisaTvis ........................................................... 72
Tavi VII.
avtomatis moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da
misi miyvana normalur moxvedramde. saerTo debulebani ........... 73
moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da normalur
moxvedrebamde miyvana ......................................................................................... 74
RamiT srolis samizne universaluri (),
moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da normalur
moxvedrebamde miyvana ......................................................................................... 76
nawili meore
avtomatis srolis ileTebi da wesebi .................................................. 79
Tavi VIII.
avtomatiT srolis ileTebi. saerTo debulebani ........................... 80
srolisaTvis momzadeba .................................................................................... 82
srola ......................................................................................................................... 89
srolis Sewyveta ................................................................................................. 94
sayrdenidan da safaridan srolis ileTebi ....................................... 97
svlisas srolis ileTebi .............................................................................. 99
srolis ileTebi Txilamurebze dgomisas .......................................... 100
srolis ileTebi gadaadgilebisas ........................................................... 102
sahaero miznebSi srolis ileTebi ......................................................... 105
vertmfrenidan srolis ileTebi .............................................................. 107
Tavi IX.
avtomatiT srolis wesebi. saerTo debulebani .............................. 110
brZolis velze meTvalyureoba da miznis Cveneba ......................... 110
miznis SerCeva ....................................................................................................... 111
korisa da damiznebis wertilis SerCeva ............................................. 112
cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis momentis SerCeva .............................................. 115
cecxlis gaxsna, mis Sedegebze Tvalyuris devneba
da koreqtireba .................................................................................................. 116
srola uZrav da gamoCenad miznebSi .................................................... 117
srola moZrav miznebSi ................................................................................... 118
srola sahaero miznebze ................................................................................ 120
154
srola mTaSi ......................................................................................................... 123
srola SezRuduli xilvadobis pirobebSi ....................................... 123
srola radioaqtiuri, qimiuri da biologiuri
dasnebovnebis pirobebSi ................................................................................. 126
srola moZraobisas ........................................................................................... 127
srola vertmfrenidan ..................................................................................... 128
vaznebiT momarageba da maTi xarji brZolaSi ................................. 130
danarTebi
danarTi 1.
7,62mm-iani kalaSnikovis modernizirebuli
avtomatis da 5,45mm-iani kalaSnikovis avtomatis
balistikuri da konstruqciuli monacemebi .................................... 131
danarTi 2.
a) 7,62mm-iani vaznebis tyviis gamxvreti moqmedeba
kalaSnikovis modernizebuli avtomatiT
(AKM) srolisas ............................................................................................... 132
b) 5,45mm-iani vaznis foladguliani tyviis gamxvreti
moqmedeba kalaSnikovis avtomatiT (AK74) srolisas ................. 133
danarTi 3.
ZiriTadi cxrili ............................................................................................... 134
danarTi 4.
damiznebis xazze traeqtoriis gadacileba. kalaSnikovis
avtomatebisaTvis (AKM da AK74) ............................................................ 135
danarTi 5.
gafantvis daxasiaTeba (AKM) avtomatisaTvis ............................. 136
danarTi 6.
vaznebis raodenoba, romelic aucilebelia
erTeuli miznis dasazianeblad ................................................................. 139
danarTi 7.
damiznebis wertilis miznidan gverdiT gatana qaris
siCqarisa da miznis flanguri moZraobis
gaTvaliswinebiT (AKM) avtomatidan srolisas .......................... 147
danarTi 8.
vertmfrenebis mowyoba sasroli iaraRiT
srolisaTvis ......................................................................................................... 148
sarCevi ............................................................................................................ 152