Cell Comparison

Judah Higgins | Ms. JJ | Kearny SCT

Plasma Membrane
Structure and Function
A cell membranes function is to
protect the interior of the cell by
allowing certain substances into the
cell, while keeping other substance
out. It also helps to form and maintain
the shape of the cell. Its the control of
traffic.
Real World Example
A real world example of a plasma membrane is
the TSA. In the same way the plasma
membrane only let certain things through, the
TSA in the same way only let certain people
through, onto an airplane.
Nucleus
Structure and Function
Is the control center of the cell.
Contains all the cell's genetic
information, DNA, RNA, and
chromosomes.
Sends instructions to make
proteins/enzymes.

Real World Example

The White House, like the nucleus,
sends out orders and contains a lot of
information
Ribosomes
Structure and Function
RNA that is made inn a ribonucleous
protein.
Links amino acids together to form
proteins.
Proteins are a necessity for life.

Real World Example
FOOD! Food like ribosomes help support
our functions the same way a ribosome
helps support the functions of a cell
Cytoplasm
Structure and Function
The cytoplasms function is to help
maintain the cells shape and give it
support. It also helps to move things
around in the cell and dissolve cellular
waste.
Real World Example
City roads are a great real world example of
the cytoplasm. City roads help keep the
shape of the city, and help people more
around and get places
Mitochondria
Structure and Function
Produce ATP, the cell's source of
chemical energy.
Membrane bound organelles.
Conduct cellular respiration
Storage of energy

Real World Example
A Gatorade bottle is an example of the
Mitochondria. It stores up liquid that
ultimately will give you energy.
Chloroplasts
Structure and Function
The chloroplasts function is to absorb
light for photosynthesis. They are
responsible for energy production,
and reproduce independently from the
rest of the cell through a division
process similar to bacterial binary
fission. They are also responsible for
producing amino acids and lipid
components

Real World Example
A solar panel, like the chloroplast,
absorbs sunlight!
Cell Wall
Structure and Function
Keeps the cell's shape and prevents it
from over expanding when water
enters the cell, allowing turgor.
Is a rigid layer of polysaccharides.
Only found in plant cells, and a form
of it is present in prokaryotes.

Real World Example
A Dam controls the flow of water in
the same way a Cell Wall does.
Rough ER
Structure and Function
The rough ERs function is to package
and manufacture membranes and
secretory proteins. In certain white
blood cells, it also makes antibodies.
In pancreatic cells, it makes insulin!
Real World Example
A UPS packer/shipper does kind of
the same thing as rough ER. It packs
up goods and transports them where
they need to go.
Smooth ER
Structure and Function
The smooth ERs function is to serve
as a transitional area for vesicles that
transport ER to different destinations.
It may also produce enzymes that
help to detoxify certain compounds.

Real World Example
Like Smooth ER, the website
Amazon.com acts like a middle man
between start and finish and helps get
goods where they need to go
Golgi
Structure and Function
The Golgi's function is for
warehousing, manufacturing, and
shipping certain cellular products,
particularly those from the ER
Real World Example
The US Postal Service works like the
Golgi in the sense it takes goods,
stores it and then ships it!
Vacuoles/Vesicles
Structure and Function
A vesicles function is to transport
materials from one place to another.
Vacuoles are able to regulate the
water level and pressure of the cell to
control the conditions of the internal
environment.

Real World Example
A soccer mom transports her kids to
games and practices. In that sense
its alike to Vacuoles/Vesicles
Large Central Vacuole
Structure and Function
The large central vacuole is a watery
substance in plant cells and stores
food and waste.
Real World Example
A toilet shares a lot of the same
features as the Central Vacuole. It is
contains watery substance, waste, and
what once was food
Lysosomes
Structure and Function
A lysosomes function is to have
digestive enzymes break down the
molecule. After the molecule has
been completely broken down, a
lysosome opens to release the
remains back into the cell in the form
of a vesicle that the cell can expel
through its membrane

Real World Example
A trash compactor doesnt necessarily
digest food, but it does take the food
and break it down in the same way
lysosomes do.
Centrioles
Structure and Function
The centrioles function is helping to
organize the assembly of
microtubules in the process of cell
division
Real World Example
A Planner Book helps keep us
organized so that we can be
productive in our day the same way
centrioles do.
Microtubules
Structure and Function
They form the spindle fibers that
manipulate and separate
chromosomes during mitosis The
microtubules function is to help
support and shape the cell. They also
functions as routes.

Real World Example
Glue helps support anything from
macaroni art to model ships. They
help things hold shape so that they
can be used effectively.
References
All information contained in this
PowerPoint came out of the notes taken
in Mrs. JJs 2
nd
period, Advanced Biology