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• Course Learning Objective: Describe the,
basic requirement and design features of
marine engine piping system
TEMPERATURE
CYLINDER CONTROL VALVE
LUB RICATION
BOXES
SEA WATER OUTLET
Jacket Water Cooler The hot water leaving the engine passes to
a temperature control valve were a portion is diverted to a cooler.
Temperature is controlled using both a feedback signal
(temperature measured after the cooler) and a feed forward signal
(temperature measured at outlet from the engine). In this way the
system reacts more quickly to engine load variations.
Evaporator Increases plant efficiency by utilizing heat in jacket
water to produce fresh water.
TO & F ROM
DIESEL GENERA TOR
J ACKET
WATER
COOLER
P ISTONS
MAIN DISTRIBUTION M ANIFOLD P ITON
DIESEL WA TER
ENGINE P ISTON WATER COOLING P /P S COOLER
P ISTON DRA IN TA NK
Piston Cooling Water
System
The piston crown is subjected to intense heat from
the combustion of fuel oil. Because the piston
moves up and down in a reciprocating manner,
some means of supplying the water to the internal
compartments of the piston must be available.
Some engines use telescopic and stand pipe
arrangements to supply water for cooling the piston
crowns. Others may use the lubrication oil as a
coolant although the cooling effect is not as good.
The water, after passing through the piston
compartments is allowed to flow out to a collection
tank outside the engine.
If the engine uses oil for cooling, then the latter is
allowed to drop into the engine oil sump tank.
Lubrication Oil Cooling
System
The lubrication oil, after lubricating the moving parts of the
bearings will finally drop down to the sump tank of the engine.
From the sump tank, the oil is pumped to the oil cooler for
cooling. The controller will ensure that the oil becomes cooled to
the required temperatures.
J A CKET
FRESH
WATER
COOLER
CHA RGE
AIR C OOLER
SEA WATER
COOLING
P UM P S
FILTER FILTER SEA C HEST
SEA CHEST
Scale and deposit
formation
In areas of deposit formation, dissolved solids,
specifically Calcium and magnesium hardness
constituents can precipitate from cooling water as
the temperature increases.
Deposits accumulate on the heat transfer surfaces
as sulphates and carbonates, the magnitude of
which is dependent on the water hardness, the
dissolved solid content, local temperatures and
local flow characteristics. Temperature solubility
curves for CaSO4
Scale and deposit
formation
cales can reduce heat transfer rates and lead to loss of mechanical strength of
omponent parts, this can be exacerbated by the presence of oils and metal oxid
Scale and Deposit
Formation
Calcium Carbonate - Appears as a pale cream, yellow deposit formed
by the thermal decomposition of calcium bi-carbonate
Ca(HCO3)2 + Heat becomes CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
Magnesium Silicate - A rough textured off white deposit found where
sufficient amounts of Magnesium are present in conjunction with
adequate amounts of silicate ions with a deficiency of OH alkalinity
Mg2+ + OH- becomes MgOH+
H2SiO3 becomes H+ + HSiO3-
MgOH+ + HSiO3- becomes MgSiO3 + H2SO4
P ILOT
VA LVE
A IR B OTTLE
No 1 OR No 2
RESERVOIR
MAIN
DIESEL A IR DISTR IB UTOR
ENGINE
M A IN A IR No 1 No 2
COM P R ESSORS
Fittings
In order to reduce effect of explosion the
following are fitted to the air starting system:
-Flame traps
-Relief valve
-Non return automatic valves
High temperature alarm against loss of
cooling water in air compressor
Maintenance and draining of pipeline again
LO leakage
Control and safety devices
Governor
Cylinder relieve valve- operate at excess of 10 to 20 %
Crankcase oil mist detector – Photocell detector
Explosion relieve valve
Alarm and automatic shut down -> usually for low lub. Oil
pressure, high jacket water temperature, high rpm (excess
of 115 for ABS)
Coupling , clutches and gearbox
Crank case explosion - Build strong crank case or load the
cover with spring that permit excess air out of the crankcase
Other systems:
Waste heat utilization system
Intake and exhaust gas system
Installation items
Instruments
1. Pressure gages: 2. Thermometers:
Freshwater pump dischage Lubricating oil from engine
Seawater pump discharge Fresh water from engne
Lubricating oil pump discharge Fuel temperature to the engine
Lubricating oil pressure at wen heated heavy fuel oil are
engine inlet used
Piston cooling oil pump
discharge(if used) 3. Tachometer
Fuel oil pump discharge
Fuel oil pressure at injection
pump inlet 4. Exhaust gas pyrometer
indicator
Scavenging or supercharging
pressure
Starting pressure at engine
lubricating oil at turbocharger
or blower
Crankcase pressure or vacuum
Other systems
Summary
Diesel
engine systems and other
system i.e fuel Valve cooling,
Cylinder LO etc.,
QUESTIONS