Bioethics Project: Cloning A Little About Cloning It is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals More technically known as somatic cell nuclear transfer Occurs in nature when organisms bacteria, insects, plants reproduce asexually, and in identical twins Cloning in biotechnology refers to the processes used for creating copies of DNA fragments, cells, or organisms Is similar to in vitro cells How Cloning Works To Clone you need to extract a DNA cell from the adult form of the organism (cows, dogs, maybe humans) and insert it into a egg cell from the same organism The nucleus is also taken out so it can duplicate the original DNA cell. This is then zapped by electricity and it rapidly multiplies This happens hundreds of times in order to make another living object The final substance then is an exact replica of the original organism Purpose of Cloning Scientists can extract DNA from a dinosaurs bone and recreate them through the process of cloning. This would be hard to accomplish because you would need a similar species for the egg donor. Also it can solve the problems of endangerment such as the bee and tiger population. Also to cure the emotional freedom for independence and maybe make someone just like you to have that type of relationship.
Problems it can solve It can solve organ problems, help cure untreatable disease, and make a giant leap in humans living forever Can help give people their desired traits. Help cure hunger because we can make lots of food. Importance to Science or Society Scientists can discover the proteins that are present Molecular cloning has led scientists to discover the entire genetic sequences of many species, inactive genes in humans and other organisms Creates transgenic organisms such as glow in the dark fish Causes many societies around the world to debate the ethics of cloning
Various Viewpoints of Cloning Scientific community believes cloning can lead to further discoveries Many people have ethical issues because of religion and moral status Embryos are breede just for destruction Genetic damage to the clone Low success rate Psychological harm Also will cause overpopulation but might be fine because of the resources that will also be created. People that dont like animal testing will not like this. Our Viewpoints We think cloning is a great scientific advancement. But should only be attempted with strict regulations. This should be tried on terminally ill people to try to cure them before going to retail. Maybe before the terminal ill it should be tried on monkeys because they have similar genes as us. This might eliminate some of the ethical problems that people may have with the artificial substance.
Examples in the Real World Naturally cloning happens all the time. Like in identical twins and bacteria. In bacteria they produce an exact offspring and through this process the new individual is created from the parent cell. Artificially scientists have successfully cloned cows, sheep, chickens, lamb, cats, deer, dogs, horses, mules, monkeys, ox, rabbits, and rats. This happens when a nucleus is extracted from one cell and placed into another nucleus free cell. Actual Artificial Clones Tetra the Rhesus Monkey was the first cloned monkey. And was cloned in the year 2000 and were meant to study diabetes. Snuppy the Dog was the first dog that was cloned in 2005. Meant to study human diseases. Risks to Cloning First off it is very inefficient and has a success rate of at best 3%. Also it enlarges vital organs to much creating Large Offspring Syndrome. Clones can have longer telomere strands, which allows them to live longer. Clones also have shorter telomere strands, which ages the animal faster. Scientists have to reprogram the nucleus to act like the original animal. What We Find Most Interesting We really liked the idea of the dinosaurs even though it is somewhat unrealistic. Also the amount of different animals that have been cloned interested us. The idea to help create unlimited food, which if cloning becomes a big thing for humans, we would need. The glowing fishes and dogs scientists created. That cloning has been around since 1952. A sheep was the first mammal created from a mature cell in 1996. Bibliography http://www.humancloning.org/essays/adam.htm http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/whyclone/ http://www.humancloning.org/allthe.php http://www.genome.gov/25020028 http://www.businesspundit.com/20-animals-that-have-been-cloned/ http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/cloningrisks/ http://www.omgfacts.com/lists/403/7-Creepy-but-Amazing-Facts-About- Cloning https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/top10facts/424095/Top-10-facts-about- clones