EXPERIMENT # 1:

TO STUDY THE OPERATION OF A SOLENOID AS AN ELECTROMAGNET

APPARATUS:
DC source, solenoid and steel pins.
PROCEDURE:
Solenoid is just a cylindrical coil of wire acting as a magnet when carrying electrical current.
Connect a DC source across the two terminals of solenoid. Now bring the iron core of
solenoid near the steel pins. If the steel pins are attracted towards the iron core, it means that
solenoid is energized i.e. it is behaving like a magnet (electromagnet), as shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1: A solenoid acting as an electromagnet when energized with DC

The solenoid energized with a DC source is a temporary magnet. It retains its magnetism as
long as the current is flowing through the circuit. If the current flowing through the solenoid
is reversed by simply reversing the supply terminals of the DC source, the N and S poles of
the solenoid are also interchanged.
The direction of magnetic field within the solenoid can be found by applying either the wood
screw rule, or the right hand grip rule, as shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2: Right Hand Grip Rule for finding the direction of magnetic field of soenoid

EXPERIMENT # 2:
TO STUDY AND DEMONSTRATE THE FARADAYS LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION (AND THE LENZ LAW)
APPARATUS:
A permanent magnet, a coil (or solenoid) and a galvanometer.
PROCEDURE:
Connect the two terminals of the coil across the terminals of a galvanometer. Now bring the
permanent magnet near the stationary coil. The galvanometer will be deflected in a certain
direction. Now move the permanent magnet away from the stationary coil. The galvanometer
will be deflected in the other/reverse direction.
In the first case, bringing the permanent magnet near the coil induces and emf and hence a
current in the stationary coil. The direction of flow of current is clockwise when viewed from
left. And applying Right Hand Grip Rule, we find that the coil produces a S-pole in front of
the incoming S-pole of the bar magnet and tries to repel it (tries to stop its motion) according
to Lenzs Law.
In the second case, withdrawing the permanent magnet away from the stationary coil, induces
and emf and hence a current in the stationary coil. The direction of flow of current is counterclockwise when viewed from left. And applying Right Hand Grip Rule, we find that the coil
produces a N-pole in front of the withdrawn S-pole of the bar magnet and tries to attract it
(tries to stop its motion) according to Lenzs Law.

Fig. 3: Demonstration of Faradays Law of Electromagnetic Induction and the Lenz Law