Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Title
Authors
Publisher
Year
ISBN
Main Textbook
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics
Mechanics, 5th Edition
Reference Book
A Brief Introduction to Fluid
Mechanics, 4th Edition
Therefore, engineering analytic principles and skills from these two Chapters are NOT analyzed for the eventual inclusion into
a potentially viable K-12 engineering curriculum. However, some generic knowledge content covered in these two Chapters could still
be lightly explored by 9th or above Grade students; thus, their relative importance could still be rated at generic knowledge level. In
addition, some appropriate skills in 7.1 (Dimensional Analysis) could be considered for high schools.
Original Research Data
Table 2 (Fluid Mechanics Topic List) constitute the original research data; the way data is recorded and analyzed is shown in
Figure 1. The leftmost column in the Table 1 (Fluid Mechanics Topic List - Engineering Topics Mathematics and Science Prerequisite Completion Chart for the Subject of Fluid Mechanics) contains
1. The titles of each section under a particular chapter in the selected textbook, which in general represent particular sets of fluid
mechanics related engineering analytic and predictive principles, in a qualitative and explanatory way;
2. Computational formulas, which symbolically represent the above engineering analytic and predictive principles, in a quantitative
and mathematical way.
The middle column (divided into two sub-columns, i.e., Math, and Physics/Chemistry, is reserved for recording mathematics and
science (physics and chemistry) pre-requisites for understanding the knowledge content and using the formulas contained in the
particular chapters or sections, as well as the grade levels these pre-requisites are expected to be fulfilled according to Georgia
Performance Standards.
The right column records the prediction on the possible grade a particular chapter or section could be taught to K12 students.
Findings from the Research Project
Table 3A (Pre-Calculus Based Fluid Mechanics Topics That Possibly Could Be Taught at 9th Grade), Table 3B (Pre-Requisite
Mathematics and Science Topics to Be Reviewed Before Teaching the Pre-Calculus Portion of Fluid Mechanics Topics to 9th Grade
Students), Table 4A (Calculus Based Fluid Mechanics Topics for Post-Secondary Engineering Education), and Table 4B (PreRequisite Math and Science Topics to Be Reviewed Before Teaching the Calculus Portion of Fluid Mechanics Topics) constitute the
outcomes of the research, which is presented here to the public as public domain knowledge, to be used as sources of reference by
K12 engineering and technology education practitioners and curriculum developers, nationally and internationally, including myself,
of course!
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
N/A
9th
9th
9th
9th
9th
Chapter 1 - Introduction
1.1 Some Characteristics of Fluid
Fn
p
As
P
F n pAs
As
m
V
V 1
W mg
g
V
V
SG
9th
9th
9th
H O @ 4 C
2
p RT
9th
+
PS
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
N/A
[four operations] (M1N3) 1st (2A)
[derivative] 12th (To be taught as a special skill)
N/A
[pressure] (SC5) 9th (4B) To be taught
[density] (S6E5) 6th (4A)
9th
9th
9th
9th
Uy
u
b
tan
b
Ut
a Ut
lim
0
b
t
du
du
dy
dy
CT 3 / 2
T S
De B / T
U du
b dy
Ev
dp
d
Ev
dp
d
Constant
Constant E v p E v kp
E v d d
Ev
dp
E v dp
c kRT
p RT
kp
9th
+
PS
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
N/A
9th
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
9th
9th
PS
2R pR 2
2
R
2 cos
h
R
p pi p e
R 2 h 2R cos
9th
+
PS
9th
F ma
xyz
ay
2
xyz
xyz
Fz pzxy psxs cos 2 2 a z
xyz
V m V Fz ma z
2
y
PS
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
PS
F ma
xyz
ay
2
xyz
xyz
Fz pzxy psxs cos 2 2 az
xyz
V m V Fz ma z
2
y
p y
p y
xz p
xz
Fy p
y
2
y 2
p
xyz
x
Fy xyz yxz V
y
p
Fz xyz
z
Fx
PS
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
PS
p
p p
Fs Fx i Fy j Fz k i
j
k xyz
x
y
z
i j k
p p p
i
j
k p
x
y
z
x
y
z
F ma
Fs
p Wk xyzk
z
xyz
m pxy
F F Wk ma
p k a
a 0 p k 0
p
p
p
0
0
x
y
z
dp
dz
PS
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
9th
p2 p1 z2 z1
p1 dp z1 dz p1 p2 z2 z1
p1 h p2
p1 p2 h
p1 p2
h
p h p0 gh p0
p2
z2
p
gp
dp
RT
dz
RT
dp
g
dz
dp
gp
dz
dz dp g dz
dz p
RT p
p
RT
p 2 dp
z2
g
g z 2 dz
p1 p z1 RT dz R z1 T
p 2 dp
p2
g z 2 dz
p1 p ln p1 R z1 T
p RT
g z2 z1
p2 p1 exp
RT0
p h p0 gh p0
does not need calculus.
[four operations] (M1N3) 1st (2A)
[exponent] (M6A3) 6th (2A)
[integration] 12th (To be taught as a special
skill)
[derivative] 12th (To be taught)
Note: The main formula
g z2 z1
p2 p1 exp
RT0
9th
10
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
9th
9th
9th
9th
9th
N/A
N/A
z
p p a 1
Ta
T Ta z
g R
patm h pvapor
2.6 Monometry
2.6.1 Piezometer Tube
p h p0
p A 1h1
p h p0
p A 1h1 2 h2 0
p A 2 h2 1h1
p A 2 h2
p A 1h1 2 h2 3 h3 p B
p A p B 2 h2 3 h3 1h1
2.6.3 Inclined-Tube Manometer
p A 1h1 2 2 sin 3 h3 p B
p A p B 2 2 sin 3 h3 1h1
p A p B 2 2 sin
p A pB
2 sin
9th
+
PS
11
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
9th
9th
y dA y c A FR Ay c sin
FR hc A FR y R y dF sin y 2 dA
A
yR
yR
y 2 dA
yc A
Ix
I Ay
xc
yc A
yc A
I xc
Ay 2
I
c xc y c
yc A yc A yc A
FR x R sin xy dA x R
A
xR
I xyc
yc A
xc
2
c
I x I xc Ay c2
xy dA
yc A
I xy
yc A
I xy I xyc Ax c y c
Fv F1 W
FH 2 Fv 2
9th
+
PS
12
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
PS
PS
FB F2 F1 W F2 F1 h2 h1 A
FB h2 h1 A h2 h1 A V
FB V FB yc F2 y1 F1 y1 Wy2
Vyc VT y1 VT V y2
2.11.2 Stability
N/A
2.12 Pressure Variation in a Fluid Mechanics with RigidBody Motion
p
x a x
p
p k a
a y
y
p
a z
z
2.12.1 Linear Motion
p
p
p
p
a y
g a z dp
dy dz
y
z
y
z
dp a y dy g a z dz
ay
dz
dy
g az
dp
g a z
dz
9th
+
PS
13
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
N/A
N/A
9th
9th
p
1 p
p
p
e r
e
e z a r r 2 e r
r
r
z
p
p
p
r 2
0
r
z
p
p
dp
dr
dz dp r 2 dr dz
r
z
dp 0 0 r 2 dr dz
a 0 a z 0
9th
+
PS
0 r 2 dr g dz 0 r 2 dr g dz
dz r 2
dr
g
g dz r 2 dr
dr
r
g
dz
r 2
r2 2
dr z
g
2 g
dz
z
p
2r2
2g
dr dr
dz
constant
2 r 2
2
r 2
dr
g
dp r dr dz
2
z constant
F ma
as V
V
s
Fg ma
an V
V2
V V
9th
+
PS
14
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
V
V
Fs mas mV s VV s
W V
Ws W sin XV sin
g
p s
ps
s 2
Fps p ps ny p ps ny 2psny
p
p
sny V
s
s
Fs Ws Fps sin s V
p
V
sin
V
a s
s
s
dz dp 1 d V 2
1
dp d V 2 dz 0
ds ds 2
ds
2
dp 1 2
2 V gz C (along a streamline)
1
p V 2 z constant along a streamline
2
(Bernoulli Equation)
F ma
and
1
p V 2 z constant along a streamline
2
(Bernoulli Equation)
do not need calculus
9th
9th
+
PS
15
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
2
1
1 v 2 1 m v 2 2 m v KE (Kinetic energy per unit volume)
2
2
V
V
V
m
m g z PE
g z g z
V
V
V
PS
9th
+
PS
16
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Wn W cos V cos
F pn p p n sy p p n sy 2 p n sy
p
p
sny V
n
n
Fn Wn Fpn cos n V
dz p V 2 p
V 2
dn n
V 2
dz p
dn
dn
dn n
p dp
s constant
n dn
2
dp
V
dn gz constant across the streamline
V2
dn z constant across the streamline
PS
9th
+
PS
17
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
p V2
z constant on a streamline
2g
3.5 Static, Stagnation, Dynamic, and Total Pressure
p2 p1
1
V12
2
z constant on a streamline
2g
do not need calculus
[four operations] (M1N3) 1st (2A)
[square root] (M8N1) 8th (2A)
9th
9th
9th
1
p V 2 z pT constant along a streamline
2
2
1
1
2
p 3 p V
p3 p4 V
2
2
p4 p1 p
V
2 p3 p 4
p1
1
1
V12 z1 p2 V22 z2
2
2
9th
+
PS
18
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
1
h V 2
2
h
V 2 2 gh
V 2 g h H
9th
9th
9th
9th
Q C1 Hb 2 gH C1 b 2 g H 3 / 2
z1 z 2
Q z 2 b 2 gz1
z constant on a streamline H
2g
2
9th
+
PS
19
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
V12
RT p1 V22
z1
ln
z2
2g
g p2 2 g
1
C 1 / k p 1 / k dp V 2 gz constant
2
p2
k k 1 / k
1/ k
1 / k
C p dp C 1 / k
p1k 1 / k
p2
p1
k 1
dp 1 2
RT
V gz constant
p 2
k p2 p1
k 1 p1 p1
2
2
k p1 V1
k p2 V2
gz1
gz2
2
k 1 p1 2
k 1 p2
k / k 1
p2 p1 k 1
1
Ma12
1 (compressible)
p1
2
p2 p1 kMa12
(incompressible)
V1
p1
2
Ma1
kRT1
p2 p1 kMa12 1
2k
p2
V2
1
p1 2 RT1
p
RT
9th
9th
+
PS
20
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
V
1
ds dp d V 2 z 0 (along a streamline )
t
2
s2 V
1
1
p1 V12 z1
ds p2 V22 z 2
s
1
2
t
2
(along a streamline )
3. 8.3 Rotational Effects
1
1
V12 z1 p2 V22 z2 constant C12
2
2
V1 V2 V0
1
z1 z2 0 C12 V02 p0
2
p1 p2 p0
V3 V4 V0
z3 z 4 h
F ma
C34 C12
p3 p1 h
p3 p 4
1
p V 2 z constant throughout flow
2
p
p4 p5 H H H 4
p1
PS
9th
9th
+
PS
21
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
PS
PS
V ux, y, z, t i v x, y, z, t j wx, y, z, t k
1/ 2
V V u 2 v 2 w 2
4.1.1 Eulerian and Lagrangian Flow Descriptions
x x0
T T x 0 , y 0 , z 0 , t
y y0
T T x, y , z , t
z z 0
4.1.2
one-, Two-, and three-Dimensional Flows
V V x, t ui
V V x, y, , t ui vj
V V x, y, z, t ui vj wk
4.1.3 Steady and Unsteady Flows
V
0
t
4.1.4 Streamilnes, Streaklines, and Pathlines
dy v
dx u
4.2 The Acceleration Field
a a t
PS
PS
PS
22
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
V A V A rA , t V A x A t , y A t , z A t , t
x A x A t y A y A t z A z A t
dV A V A V A dx A V A dy A V A dz A
a A t
dt
t
x dt
y dt
z dt
V A
V A
V A
V A
aA
uA
vA
wA
t
x
y
z
V
V
V
V
a
u
v
w
t
x
y
z
u
u
u
u
u
v
w
t
x
y
z
DV
v
v
v
v
ay
u v w
a
t
x
y
z
Dt
w
w
w
w
ax
u
v
w
t
x
y
z
ax
u
v
w
V
Dt
t
x
y
z
t
( M aterial Derivative or Substantial Derivative)
x i y j z k
T T x, y , z, t
V V x, y , z, t
V u
v
w
x
y
z
dT A T A T A dx A T A dy A T A dz A
dt t x dt y dt z dt
DT T u T v T w T T V T
Dt
t
x
y
z
t
PS
PS
23
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
0
V
V
V V V V0
x
v
w
t
x
y z
t
t
v w 0
PS
PS
PS
V Vs
DV
D Vs DV
Ds
a
a s s a n n a
s V
Dt
Dt
Dt
Dt
V V ds V dn
s
ds
s dn
s V
t s dt n dt
t s dt n dt
V
s
a V
s V V
s
s
9th
+
PS
24
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
9th
9th
s 0
s
s
s 1
s 1
s
s n
lim
s s0 s
a s s
V
V2
a V
s
n
2
s
a V
n
4.3 Control Volume and System Representations
d mv
dt
mV 2
V2
B mb B
b
2
2
B mV b V
B : Extensive Property b : Intensive Property
Infinitesimal fluid particles : V 0
9th
+
PS
25
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
PS
sys
B b V
d b dV
d b dV
dBcv
sys
cv
dt
dt
dt
dt
4.4.1 Derivation of the Reynolds Transport Theorem
dBsys
B
CV m out bout m in bin
Dt
t
d mV
mV CV
Fsystem
DBsystem
d mV
dV
dt m dt ma F ( Newtons Second Law)
dm
dV
dM
d mV
dV
m V
V m
ma F &
m
ma F
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
DBsys
Dt
b dV b V n dA
cv
cs
t
9th
+
PS
26
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
PS
PS
V
u
v
w
t
x
y
z
D
u
v
w
V
Dt
t
x
y
z
t
( M aterial Derivative or Substantial Derivative)
4.4.4 Steady Effects
DBsys
Dt
sys
bV n dA
b dV b V n dA
cv
cs
Dt
t
DBsys
cs b V n dA 0 Dt t cv b dV
V n 0 (out flow)
9th
+
PS
27
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
PS
DBsys
Dt
b dV
cs
t cv
b V n dA
b dV
Dt
t cv
V n 0 (out flow)
V n V0 (one section)
V n V0 (another section)
bV n dA V0i V n dA
cs
DBsys
b V n dA 0
cs
cs
V0i V0 dA V0i V0 dA
(1)
( 2)
4.4.6 Moving
Control
Volumes
Vcv V W V W Vcv
DBsys
b dV bW n dA
cs
Dt
t cv
9th
+
PS
28
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
N/A
N/A
9th
N/A
N/A
9th
PS
9th
+
PS
0 M sys dV
sys
Dt
DV dV V n dA
dV V n dA
sys
cv
cv
cv
cs
Dt
t
t
dV 0 V n dA
cs
t cv
cs V n dA m out m in t cv V cs V n dA 0
m Q AV m V n dA
A
V n dA
Vaverage V A
A
9th
+
PS
29
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
PS
PS
N/A
9th
in
m out
in
m out
DM sys
V W Vcv
dV W n dA 0
cv
cs
Dt
t
5.1.4 Deforming Control Volume
DM sys
dV W n dA 0
dV 0
cs
Dt
t cv
t cv
V W Vcs
9th
+
PS
30
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
PS
V dV Fsys
sys
V dV V dV VV n dA
cs
Dt sys
t cv
V dV VV n dA Fcontentof the
cs
t cv
control volume
5.2.2 Application of the Linear Momentum Equation
V dV V dV VW n dA
sys
cv
cs
Dt
t
V dV VW n dA Fcontentof the
cv
cs
t
control volum
cv
cs
t
control volume
W Vcv W n dA WW n dA Vcv W n dA
cs
cs
cs
cs W n dA 0
WW n dA Fcontentof the
cs
control volume
9th
+
PS
31
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
D
VV Fparticle r
V V r Fparticle
Dt
Dt
D VV
D
Dr
r V V
VV r
Dt
Dt
Dt
Dr
D
V V V 0
r V V r F
Dt
Dt
particle
D
sys Dt r V dV r F sys
r Fparticle r F sys
D
D
r V dV
r V dV
sys
sys
Dt
Dt
D
r V dV r F sys
sys
Dt
r F sys r F cv
r V dV r V dV r V V n dA
sys
cv
cs
Dt
t
r V dV r V V n dA r F contentsof the
cv
cs
control volume
t
PS
9th
+
PS
32
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
PS
r V dV 0 r V V n dA V W U
cv
cs
t
cs r V V n dA cs r V V n dA axial r2V 2 m
of the
Tshaft r2V 2 m Tshaft
r F contents
control volume
axial
r U
in
in
in
out
out
out
m m in m out
e dV Q net W net
e u
gz
Dt sys
2
in sys
in
sys
coincident
control volume
e dV e dV eV n dA
sys
cv
cs
Dt
t
PS
33
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
PS
e dV eV n dA Q net W net
cv
cs
t
in cv
in
Q net 0 Q in Q ou 0
in
in
out
W normal stress n A V pn A V pV n A
W normal stress V n dA pV n dA
cs
cs
W tangentialstress Ftangentialstress V
e dV eV n dA Q net W shaft pV n dA
cs
cs
t cs
in
net in
Energy Equ ation :
p V2
e dV u
gz V n dA Q net W shaft
cs
t cs
2
in
net in
p V2
cs u 2 gz V n dA 0 V n 0
cs
p V2
p V2
u
gz V n dA u
gz m
2
2
flow
out
p V2
u
gz m
2
flow
in
9th
+
PS
34
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
cs u 2 gz V n dA u 2 gz m out
out
p V2
u
gz m in
2
in
V 2 Vin2
p
p
m u out u in out
g zout zin
2
out in
Q W
net
in
h u
shaft
net in
V 2 Vin2
m h out h in out
g zout zin Q net W shaft
2
in
net in
V 2 Vin2
p
p
m u out u in out
g zout zin Q net
2
in
out
in
V 2 Vin2
m h out h in out
g zout zin Q net
2
in
PS
9th
+
PS
35
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
p
p
V 2 Vin2
m u out u in out in out
g zout zin Q net
2
in
pout
Vout
p
V2
2
in
Q
net in
qnet
in
2
Vout
V 2
pout
V 2
pout out zout
2
pout
2
out
V 2
pin in zin
2
2
in
V
p
V
gzout in
gzin
2
9th
9th
+
PS
36
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
p
m u out u in out
2
pout Vout
gzout
pout
pout
2
Vout
gzout
2
pin
Vout
Vin2
g zout zin Q net W shaft
2
in
net in
Vin2
2
net in
in
p
V2
in in gzin wshaft loss
2
net in
pin
2
Vout
V 2
zout pin in zin wshaft loss
2
2
net in
2
pout Vout
pin Vin2
gz
2
net in
g
2
Vout
p
V2
zout in in zin wshaft hs hL
2g
2g
net in
Wshaft W shaft
wshaft net in
net in
net in
hs
g
m g
Q
hT hs hL T h p hs hL P
pout
9th
9th
+
PS
37
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
9th
V 2 2V n dA
m V 2
V2
V n dA
A 2
2
m V 2 2
V2
p
V2
out out gz out in in in gz in wshaft loss
2
net in
pout
pout V
2
out out
pout
gz out
pin
inV
gz in wshaft loss
2
net in
2
in
2
out out
zout
pin
inVin2
wshaft
zin
net in
2g
2g
g
is based on pre-calculus mathematics. Others used
to derive this formula could be removed from
classroom instruction.
outVout2
inVin2
z out pin
z in wshaft loss
2
2
net in
2
pout outVout
pin inVin2
shaft loss
2 gz out 2 gz in wnet
in
pout
outVout2
2g
zout
pin
inVin2
2g
wshaft
zin
net in
hL
wshaft
net in
9th
+
PS
38
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
PS
PS
u 2 u1 qnet 0
in
V 2
1
m d u d d g dz Q net T ds d u pd
in
V 2
1
p
m T ds pd d d g dz Q net
2
in
V 2
d g dz T ds qnet
2
in
5.4.2 Semi-infinitesimal Control Volume Statement of
the Second Law of Thermodynamics
dp
Q net
D
s dV in
Dt sys
T
sys
D
s dV
Dt sys
t cv
Q net
Q net
in
T Tin
sys
cv
s dV sV n dA
cs
Q net
d
V
n
dA
Tin
cs
t cv
cv
Q
Q
m sout S IN
net
in
m ds
T
T ds qnet T ds qnet 0
in
in
net
in
s dV 0
t cv
9th
+
PS
39
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
V 2
d g dz 0
2
dp
d g dz loss T ds qnet
2
in
V 2
d g dz 0
dp
dp
V 2
d g dz loss wshaft
2
net in
1
d u pd qnet loss
in
1
d 0 d u qnet loss
in
out
1
1
d 0 u out u in pd qnet loss
in
in
PS
9th
+
PS
40
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
N/A
9th
gz2 1 1 gz1
2 gz2 1 gz1
2
2
2
p
constant
dp
k p2 p1
k 1 2 1
2
2
9th
+
PS
k p2 V22
k p1 V12
gz2
gz1
k 1 2 2
k 1 1 2
2
1
k p2 V
k p1 V
gz2
gz1
k 1 2
2
k 1 1 2
Chapter 6 Differential Analysis of Fluid Mechanics Flow (Note: This whole Chapter appears to be too deep in calculus-based mathematics. Actually, some
professors in undergraduate engineering programs cut the whole Chapter off when teaching Fluid Mechanics course. Therefore, engineering analytic principles and skills from this Chapter
are NOT analyzed for the eventual inclusion into a potentially viable K-12 engineering curriculum. The subheadings of Sections are still listed below for reference purposes).
6.1 Fluid Mechanics Element Kinematics
6.3.2 Equations of Motion
6.5.3 Vortex
6.8.2 The Navier-Stokes Equations
PS
6.1.1 Velocity and Acceleration Fields Revisited
6.1.2 Linear Motion and Deformation
6.1.3 Angular Motion and Deformation
6.2 Conservation of mass
6.2.1 Differential Survey Form of Continuity
Equation
6.2.2 Cylindrical Polar Coordinates
6.2.3 The Stream Function
6.3 Conservation of Linear Momentum
6.3.1 Description of Forces Acting on the
Differential Element
6.5.4 Doublet
6.6 Superposition of Basic, Plane Potential Flows
6.6.1 Source in a Uniform Stream Half-Body
6.6.2 Rankine Ovals
6.6.3 Flow around a Circular Cylinder
6.7 Other Aspects of Potential Flow Analysis
6.8 Viscous Flow
6.8.1 Stress-Deformation Relationships
41
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Chapter 7 Similitude, Dimensional Analysis, and Modeling (Note: This whole Chapter appears to be mildly deep in calculus-based mathematics. However, the
type of abstract thinking required to understand and to apply the content knowledge contained in this Chapter appears to be most likely beyond the cognitive developmental maturity
level of high school students. Therefore, engineering analytic principles and skills from this Chapter are NOT analyzed for the eventual inclusion into a potentially viable K-12 engineering
curriculum. The subheadings of Sections are still listed before for reference purposes). Some appropriate skills in 7.1 (Dimensional Analysis) could be considered for high schools.
7.1 Dimensional Analysis
7.4.3 Uniqueness of Pi Terms
7.8 Modeling and Similitude
7.9.2 Flow around Immersed Bodies
PS
7.2 Buckingham Pi Theorem
7.3 Determination of Pi Terms
7.4 Some Additional Comments about Dimensional
Analysis
7.4.1 Selection of Variables
7.4.2 Determination of Reference Dimensions
0
x
PS
PS
9th
+
PS
42
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
V
u
F ma
0 V V u i 0 p2 p1 p
t
x
2
2
p1 r p1 p r 2r 0 p 2 2 w r
r
D
p
4 w
du du
p
p
r dr
r du
D
dr dr
2
2
2
2r 2
pD 2 2 r
p 2
1 Vc 1
u
r C1 u r
4
16 D
D
u r
2
wD r
1
4 R
2
rR
R
r
Q u dA u r 2r dr 2 Vc 1 r dr
r 0
0
R
R 2Vc
Q
Q
R 2Vc Vc pD 2
V 2 V
2
A R
2R 2
2 32
D 4 p
128
p sin D
128
p sin 2
r
4
p sin D 2
32
PS
9th
+
PS
43
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
PS
9th
V
p
V V 0
V V
g v 2V
t
g gk V 0 p gk 2V
p
1 u
g sin
r
x
r r r
C
p F V , , D,
C constant
V
D D D
D p C p CV
4C pD 4
2 Q AV
V
D
32V D 2 64 64
p
VD D
1
1
Re D
V 2
V 2
2
2
2
V 2
64
8 w
D V
p f
f p
f Re f V 2
D 2
2
p
32 V
D2
2g
2g
p1
p1 p2 p z2 z1 sin
hL
2
4 w
hL
r
D
p1
p
z1 2 z1 hL
9th
+
PS
44
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
PS
T
T
T
1 t0 T
2
2
u' t u' dt 0
T 0
u'
Turbulence intensity
du
du
dy
dy
1
T
u u y
u' dt
t0 T
1/ 2
t0
u
du
u' v ' lam turb
dy
du
du
du
2m
turb 2m
dy
dy
dy
8.3.3 Turbulent Velocity Profile
turb
u
yu *
u*
v
1/ 2
y R r u* w
Vc u 2.5 ln R
1/ n
u
r
y V 1 R
u*
c
8.3.4 Turbulent Modeling
N/A
u
yu *
2.5 ln
5.0
u*
v
9th
+
PS
45
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
N/A
[four operations] (M1N3) 1st (2A)
N/A
Note: Special topics from 7.1 (Dimensional
Analysis) need to be taught
PS
9th
9th
hL hL major hL minor
p F V , D, , , ,
~ VD
p
VD
p
, , Re
Re,
1
1
D
D
D
D
2
2
V
V
2
2
p1
V2
p
V2
f Re,
1 1 z1 2 2 2 z2 hL
D
2g
2g
V2
V 2
hL major f
p1 p2 z 2 z1 hL z2 z1 f
D 2g
D 2
D
1
2.51
2.0 log
3
.
7
f
Re
f
V12 p3 V32
hL
2g 2g
V 2
C p p2 p1 1
2
KL
hL
V 2g
2
1
A
K L 1 1
A
2
9th
+
PS
46
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
9th
N/A
N/A
D
Re h
P
D
hL f
Dh V 2
2g
8.5 Pipe Flow Examples
N/A
8.5.1 Single Pipes
N/A
8.5.2 Multiple Pipe Systems
N/A
8.6 Pipe Flowrate Measurement
8.6.1 Pipe Flowrate Meters
2 p1 p2
Qideal A2V2 A2
Q A1V1 A2V2
1 4
p1
V12 p2 V22
2 p1 p2
hL Q C0Qidea l C0 A0
2g 2g
1 4
d
D
Re
VD
Q
V
A1
2 p1 p2
2 p1 p2
Q CvQideal Cv AT
1 4
1 4
8.6.2 Volume Flow Meters
N/A
8.7 Chapter Summary and Study Guide
N/A
Q CnQideal Cn An
9th
9th
+
PS
47
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
9th
L
D
CL
CD
1
1
U 2 A
U 2 A
2
2
u
* bU U u b dy * 1 dy
0
0
U
uU u dA b uU u dy
0
u
U
1 dy
U
bU 2O uU u dy
0
CL
1
U 2 A
2
CD
1
U 2 A
2
PS
9th
+
PS
48
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
u v
x
y
x x 2 y 2
v
v
1 p 2 v 2 v
v
v
x
y
x x 2 y 2
v u
u v
u v
0
x y
x y
x
y
u
u
2u
v
v 2
x
y
y
u v 0 on
y0
1/ 2
u U
U
vx
as
2
u
y
vx
g ~
U
VxU
1/ 2
f f
vU
v
u Uf ' v
y
x
4x
2 f ' ' ' ff ' ' 0 f f ' 0 at 0
1/ 2
f f ' 0 at 0 and
vx
5
U
x
Re x
w 0.332U 3 / 2
f ' f
f ' 1 as
* 1.721
x
Re x
O 0.664
x
Re x
PS
9th
+
PS
49
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Fx 1 uV n dA 2 uV n dA
Fx D plate w dA plate w dx
D U U dA u 2 dA D U 2 bh b u 2 dy
1
2
0
Uh u dy U 2 bh b Uu dy D b u U u dy
0
0
0
dD
dO dD
dO
D bU 2 O
bU 2
b w w U 2
dx
dx dx
dx
1
2
D b u U u dy bU g Y 1 g Y dY
0
0
1
D bU 2 C1 C1 g Y 1 g Y dY
0
u
w
y
y 0
U dg
dY
Y 0
U
dg
C2 C2
dY
C 2
2vC2 x
d
dx
UC1
UC1
w
C1C 2 3 / 2
U
2
x
c f 2C1C 2
cf
2C 2 C1
Re x
w
1
U 2
2
2C1C 2
Ux
Re x
cf
0.664
Re x
Y 0
PS
9th
+
PS
50
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
PS
9th
9th
C Df
C Df
Df
1
U 2 b
2
1.328
b w dx
0
1
U 2 b
2
C Df
8C1C 2
1
c f dx C Df
0
Re
Re
1
D f U 2 bC Df
2
9th
+
PS
51
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
9th
N/A
N/A
Dp
cos dA C p cos dA
C Dp
1
1
A
U 2 A
U 2 A
2
2
D
2CU 2C
D f U , , D CU C D
1
U 2 2 Re
2 2
U
2
9.3.3 Drag Coefficient Data and Examples
9.4 Lift
9.4.1 Surface
Pressure Distribution
L
CL
C L shape, Re, Ma, Fr ,
1
U 2 A
2
9.4.2 Circulation
N/A
9.5 Chapter Summary and Study Guide
N/A
9th
+
PS
9th
9th
9th
+
PS
52
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
cy b c V y y b
y y V
c
y
V
y y c y
1 2
1
y b y y 2 b bcy c V c
2
2
y A y y 2 b
y A y y 2 b
F1 c1 1
F2 c 2 2
2
2
V2
y constant
2g
V V
y 0
V g
c gy
y c
y V V y 0
1/ 2
y
y
1 c gy 1
y
y
9th
9th
+
PS
53
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
N/A
9th
g
g
2y
c tanh
y c
2
2
y
2y
tanh
1 as
y
2y 2y
tanh
as
0
10.2.2 Froude Number Effects
N/A
10.3 Energy Considerations
p1
y1
V12
p V2
z1 2 2 z 2 hL
2g
2g
V12
V2
S 0 y 2 2 hL
2g
2g
Sf
hL
y1 y 2
S f 0
S0 0
y1 y 2
2
2
2
2
z1 z 2 S 0
p1
y1
p2
y2
V12
S f S 0
2g
V12
2g
9th
9th
+
PS
54
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
PS
9th
q2
y c
g
1/ 3
E min
3 yc
2
q y c3 / 2 g 1 / 2
1/ 2
gy c Fr Vc gy c 1
yc
yc
10.3.2 Channel Depth Variations
dH
dz
H 1 H 2 hL
Sf
S0
dx
dx
V dV dy dz
dH
d V 2
y z
dx dx 2 g
g dx dx dx
Vc
dhL V dV dy
S0
dx
g dx dx
V dV dy
S f S0
g dx dx
dV
q dy
V dy V dV V 2 dy
dy
2
Fr 2
dx
y dx
y dx g dx gy dx
dx
S
dy
1/ 2
f
0
Fr V gy
dx 1 Fr 2
10.4 Uniform Depth Channel Flow
10.4.1 Uniform Flow Approximations
N/A
9th
+
PS
55
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
9th
Fx Q V2 V1 0 F1 F2 w P W sin 0 Fx 0
AS 0
W sin WS 0
w
Rh S 0
w
P
P
P
sin tan S 0
V2
V2
w K
K
Rh S 0
2
2
S 0 1
V C Rh S 0
W A
R 2 / 3 S 1/ 2
Rh A P
V h 0
2 / 3 1/ 2
2 / 3 1/ 2
V ARh S 0
Q ARh S 0
n
n
10.4.3 Uniform Depth Examples
N/A
10.5 Gradually Varied Flow
N/A
10.5.1 Classification of Surface Shapes
N/A
10.5.2 Examples of Gradually Varied Flows
N/A
10.6 Rapidly Varied Flow
N/A
9th
+
PS
56
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
y12 b
y
pc1 1
2
2
2
2 y1 y 2 V1 y1 V V
2
1
2
2
2
g
y b
y
F2 pc 2 A2 2
pc1 2
2
2
V12
V2
y1b1V1 y 2 b2V2 Q y1
y 2 2 hL
2g
2g
F1 pc1 A1
V2y
y12 y 22 V1 y1 V1 y1
V1 1 1 y1 y 2
2
2
g y2
gy 2
V
Fr1 1
2
gy`1
y2 y2
2 Fr12 0
y2 1
y1 y1
1 1 8Fr12
y1 2
y2 1
1 1 8Fr12
y1 2
2
hL
y
Fr 2 y
1 2 1 1 1
y1
y1
2 y2
9th
9th
+
PS
57
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
9th
2
1
u2 2 g h
2 g
2
2
2
1
V
u
z A H Pw h
2g
2g
Q u2 dA
hH
h 0
( 2)
u2 dh
1/ 2
H
V2
b Q 2 g b h 1 dh
0
2g
Pw H
3/ 2
3/ 2
V 2
V2
2
2 g b H 1 1 V12
3
2g
H
2 g
2g
2
2
2 g H 3 / 2 Q C wr
2 g bH 3 / 2
3
3
2
V
2H h tan 1 H
2 2g
8
Q C wt tan 2 g H 5 / 2
15 2
H
C wr 0.611 0.075
Pw
8
Q tan 2 g H 5 / 2
15 2
1/ 2
V gy c
2
c
yc
H yc
2
yc
2H
3
9th
+
PS
58
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
9th
N/A
9th
PS
2
2
Q b g H 3 / 2 Q C wb b g
3
3
0.65
C wb
1 H Pw 1 / 2
10.6.4 Underflow Gates
q Cd a 2gy1
3/ 2
9th
+
PS
H 3/ 2
du
p RT R
cv
d u c v dT
M gas
dT
T
T2
1
u 2 u 1 c v dT V
u 2 u 1 c v T2 T1
T1
h u
d h c p dT
u u T
RT
T2
h 2 h 1 c p dT
T1
dh
h h T c p
dT
T
h 2 h 1 c p T2 T1 h u RT
9th
+
PS
59
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
PS
d h d u R dT
cp
dh du
R c p cv R k
dT dT
cv
1
Rk
R
cv
T ds d u pd
k 1
k 1
1 1
1
d h d u pd dp T ds d h dp
cp
1
dT
dp
d ds c p
R
T
p
T
T
p
s2 s1 cv ln 2 R ln 1 s2 s1 c p ln 2 R ln 2
T1
2
T1
p1
11.2 Mach Number and Speed of Sound
V
Ma
Ac c V
c
c c V c V V c
ds cv
dT
R
T 1
ccA c V c V A pA p p A
ccA c V Ac pA V
p 2 p
c
c
V 2
p
p c V 2 c 2
g z loss
2
2
2
p
c
9th
+
PS
60
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
9th
PS
p
c
p
p constant k
c
s
p p 0
p
p
p
constantk k 1 k k k 1 k RTk c RTk
s
Ev
p
dp
c
d
s
11.3 Categories of Compressible Flow
c
1
r t t wave c sin
V Ma
11.4 Isentropic Flow of an Ideal Gas
11.4.1 Effect of Variations in Flow Cross-Sectional
Areas
1
dp
dV
m AV constant dp d V 2 dz 0
2
V
V 2
d dA dV
ln ln A ln V constant
A V
Ev
dV d dA
A
dp
dV
V
V
dp
V 2
V 2 dA
1
A
dp d
9th
+
PS
61
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
p
c
V
dp
1 Ma 2 dA
Ma
2
c
A
dp
V 2 dA
1
V 2 dp d A
dp
dV
V
V 2
dV
dA
1
dp
V
A 1 Ma 2
1 Ma 2 dA
2
A
V
d
dA Ma 2
dA
A
1 Ma 2
2
A 1 Ma dV
V
11.4.2 Converging-Diverging Duct Flow
p
p 01 / k dp
V 2
V 2
p
dp
0
0
constant 0k
d
d
k
1/ k
0 p
p
p0
2
2
PS
9th
2
k p0 p V 2
kR
T0 T V 0
0
k 1 0 2
k 1
2
V2
cp
h 0 h
h 2 h 1 c p T2 T1
T0 T V
9th
+
PS
62
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
T0 1 k 1 2Ma 2
p 0 T
p 0 T0
T
1
T0 1 k 1 2Ma 2
k / k 1
p T
p 0 T0
p T
p 0 T0
k / k 1
p
1
p 0 1 k 1 2Ma 2
k / k 1
p 0 T
p 0 T0
k / k 1
p
1
p 0 1 k 1 2Ma 2
T
1
T0 1 k 1 2Ma 2
0
1
1 k 1 2Ma 2
p* 2
p0 k 1
T*
2
T0
k 1
k / k 1
k / k 1
p *
0.528
p 0 k 1.4
T *
9th
9th
+
PS
63
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
p RT
k / k 1
p* 2
p0 k 1
T*
2
T0
k 1
* * T0 2
0 T * p0 k 1
k / k 1
k 1 2
2 k 1
k / k 1
0.634
0 k 1.4
AV * A *V *
A * V * V * RT * k
A * V V Ma RTk
A
1 * 0
A * Ma 0
T * T0
T T0
9th
9th
+
PS
64
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
N/A
9th
T
1
2
T0 1 k 1 2Ma
k / k 1
p
1
p0 1 k 1 2Ma 2
T*
2
T0
k 1
k / k 1
k / k 1
* * T0 2
k
1
2
0 T * p0 k 1
2 k 1
A
1 * 0 T * T0
A * Ma 0 T T0
A
1
A * Ma
1 k 1 2Ma 2
1 k 1 2
k 1 2 k 1
9th
+
PS
65
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
m h 2 h 1 2
g z 2 z1 Q net W shaft
2
in
net in
V2
T
T0 constant
V2
h
h 0 constant
2c p
2
2
T V T constant
h h 0 c p T T0
0
2c p 2
V 2 T 2
2c p p 2 R 2
s s1 c p ln
T ds d h
T0 constant
p RT
T
p
R ln
T1
p1
dp
d h c p dT
p RT
dp d dT
d dT
d
dV
V constant
T ds c p dT RT
dV dT ds c p
1 dV 1
T ds c p dT RT
T dT
T
V
V dT T
cp
dV
dT
V
cp 1
ds c p
R 2 Va
dT
T
T
V
RTa k
PS
9th
+
PS
66
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
D 2
V 2 dx
dp f
V dV
4
2 D
f V 2 dx d V 2
dp
0
p 2 D p 2
dp fk
dx
Ma 2 d V 2
Ma 2
k
0
p
2
D
2 V2
V Ma RTk
2
d V 2 d Ma 2 dT
T
V2
Ma 2
dT d V 2
0
T
2c p T
d Ma 2 Ma 2
dT k 1
d V 2
d V 2
Ma 2
0
2
2
T
2
V
V
1 k 1 2Ma 2
dp 1 d V 2 d Ma 2
p
2 V2
Ma 2
2
2
1
1 kMa 2 d V2 d Ma2 f Ma 2 dx 0
2
k
D
V
Ma
PS
9th
+
PS
67
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
1 Ma d Ma f
1 k 1 2Ma kMa
1 1 Ma k 1 k 1 2Ma
ln
Ma * 1
Ma
dx
D
2
f *
2
k Ma
2k
D
1
2
Ma
f * 2 f * 1 f
1 2
D
D
D
k 1
dT
d Ma 2
T
21 k 1 2Ma 2
2
k 1 2
T
T * 1 k 1 2Ma 2
V
Ma RTk
T
Ma
V*
T*
RT * k
k 1 2Ma 2
V
V * 1 k 1 2Ma 2
1/ 2
1 k 1 2Ma 2
* k 1 2Ma 2
1/ 2
k 1 2
p
1
p * Ma 1 k 1 2Ma 2
p0
1
p *0 Ma
V*
* V
p
T
p* * T *
1/ 2
p0
p p p *
0
p *0 p p * p *0
2 k 1
2
k 1 1 2 Ma
k 1 2 k 1
PS
9th
+
PS
68
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
V 2 RT
constant V constant
dp V dV
dp
V dV
T ds c p dT V dV
T ds d h V dV
ds c p V dV
dT T T dT
ds c p V
1
Va RTa k
dT T T T V V R
Ma a 1
dT
1
1
ds ds dT c p T V T T V V R 1
dT
0 Ma b
ds
d h V dV q
dV
q
V
c pT
dV
q
1
V
c p T 1 Ma 2
p
1 k
pa 1 kMa 2
1
k
V dT V 2 k 1
T dV kRT
p V 2 pa aVa2
p V 2
1 a Va2
pa
pa
pa
T
p a
Ta pa
a V
Va
PS
9th
+
PS
69
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
PS
9th
a
T
Ma
Ta
T p
Ma
Ta pa
T 1 k Ma
Ta 1 kMa 2
a V
T T T
1 k Ma T
Ma
0 a
2
Va
1 kMa T0,a T Ta T0,a
T
T0,a
k 1
2k 1Ma 2 1
Ma 2
2
1 kMa2 2
p 0 p 0 p p a
p0,a p pa p0,a
p0
1 k 2 1 k 1 Ma 2
p0,a 1 kMa 2 k 1
2
V constant p V 2 constant p
k k 1
RT
constant
V2
h 0 constant h h 0 c p T T0 p RT
2
V 2 T 2
T
T0 constant
2c p p 2 R 2
py
px
p y p
a
p a p x
py
pa
1 k
1 kMa 2y
px
1 k
p a 1 kMa x2
9th
+
PS
70
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
Physics/Chemistry
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
p x 1 kMa 2y p x p * p x
k 1 2
p
1
p * Ma 1 K 1 2Ma 2
V 2 V 2 kV 2
p x xV x2 p y yVY2
kMa 2
p
RT RTk
1/ 2
Ty
k 1 2
T y T * T * 1 k 1 2Ma 2y
T x T * T x T x
k 1 2
T * 1 k 1 2Ma x2
Ty
Ty
Tx
1 k 1 2Ma x2
1 k 1 2Ma 2y
Ty
p x Tx
py
V x
V y
py
px
Ty
p x Tx
py
1 k 1 2Ma x2
p x 1 k 1 2Ma 2y
Ma x2 2 k 1
Ma 2y
2k k 1Ma x2 1
Tx
1/ 2
Ma x
Ma
y
xV x yV y
1/ 2
py
Ty
Ty
Tx
Ma x
Ma y
py
px
2k
k 1
Ma x2
k 1
k 1
1 k 1 2Ma 2k k 1Ma
k 1
2
x
2k 1 Ma
2
x
2
x
9th
9th
+
PS
71
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
9th
9th
N/A
N/A
9th
N/A
9th
x V y x p x T y x V y k 1Ma x2 2
p0, y
p0, x
p 0 , y p y p x
p p p
y x 0 , x
k k 1
k 1 k
k 1
k 1
Ma x2
Ma x2
1
p0, y 2
2
1 k 1
p0, x
2
k
k
Ma x2
k 1
k 1
11.6 Analogy between Compressible and Open-Channel
Flows
V
V
V
Ma
Fr oc coc gy Fr oc AV constant
c
coc
gy
ybVoc constant c constantk k 1
11.7 Two-Dimensional Compressible Flow
Vt1 Vt 2
9th
+
PS
Chapter 12 Turbomachines
12.1 Introduction
N/A
9th
72
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
9th
N/A
N/A
9th
9th
cs
W shaft
m
wshaft U 1V 1 U 1V 2 V 2 V2 Vx2
V 2 U 2 W 2
2
V22 V12 U 22 U 12 W22 W12
wshaft
2
Vx2 V U W 2 V U
2
V1 W1 U 1 U 1 r1
m 1 m 2 m
V2 W2 U 2 U 2 r2
9th
73
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
9th
9th
cot 2
U 2 V 2
Vr 2
hi
U 22 U 2Vr 2 cot 2
g
g
Q 2r2 b2Vr 2
U 22 U 2 cot 2
Q
g
2r2 b2 g
12.4.2 Pump Performance Characteristics
p p1
V 2 V12
ha 2
z 2 z1 2
2g
p p1
ha h p hs hL ha 2
f Qha
hi
Qha
f water horsepower
550
f
power gained by thev fluid
Qha 550
h m v
bhp
12.4.3 Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
p V2 p
patm
p V2
NPSH s s v
z1 s s hL
2g
2g
Vs2 patm
z1 hL
2g
p
p
NPSH atm z1 hL v
ps
9th
74
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
9th
9th
dependent pi term i , ,
,
3
D D D
Q D 2
gha
1 i , ,
,
2
2
3
D
D D D
W shaft
Q D 2
C
2 i , ,
,
3 5
3
D
D D D
CH
Q D 2
gQh
a 3 i , ,
,
3
Wshaft
D D D
gha
Q W shaft
Q
Q
1
2
3 3
2
2
3
3 5
3
D
D D
D
D
gh
gh
Q
Q
2 a2 2 a2
3
3
D 1 D 2 D 1 D 2
W shaft W shaft
2
3 D 5 3 D 5
1
2
Q2 2 ha 2 22 W shaft2 23 Q2 D23
W shaft1 D15
W shaft2 D25
1 2 D1
1 1 D2
1/ 5
2
1
2
2
ha1 D
ha 2 D
9th
75
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
9th
9th
9th
9th
N sd
rpm Q gpm
ha ft 3 / 4
2 2
2 2
D 1 D 2
12.8 Turbines
12.8.1 Impulse Turbines
V 1 V1 W1 U V 2 W2 cos U
V 2 V 1 U V1 1 cos Tshaft m rm U V1 1 cos
2
V
W shaft Tshaft m U U V1 1 cos U max
power
2
9th
76
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Possible
Grade
to Start
the Topic
Sec
Ch
Math
Physics/Chemistry
9th
9th
N/A
9th
N/A
W shaft
ghT
5/ 4
N ' sd
hT ft 5 / 4
m std
2
2
D p01
THE END
9th
9th
77
Table 3A. Pre-Calculus Based Fluid Mechanics Topics That Possibly Could Be Taught at 9th Grade
Chapter/Section
Page Numbers
Chapter 1 Introduction (pp. 1-30 30 pages sub-total. 10 sections out of 11)
1.1 Some Characteristics of Fluid
1.2 Dimensions, Dimensional Homogeneity, and Units
1.3 Analysis of Fluid Mechanics Behavior
1.4 Measures of Fluid Mechanics Mass and Weight
1.4.1 Density
1.4 2 Specific Weight
1.4.3 Specific Gravity
1.5 Ideal Gas Law
1.7 Compressibility of Fluids
1.7.1 Bulk Modulus
1.7.2 Compression and Expansion of Gases
1.7.3 Speed of Sound
1.8 Vapor Pressure
1.9 Surface Tension
1.10 A Brief Look Back in History
1.11 Chapter Summary and Study Guide
Number of Pages
1-13
13
20-30
11
Chapter 2 Fluid Statics (pp. 38-79 42 pages sub-total. 9 sections out of 13)
2.3 Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest (Concept only)*
2.3.1 Incompressible Fluid
2.3.2 Compressible Fluid
2.4 Standard Atmosphere
2.5 Measurement of Pressure
2.6 Monometry
2.6.1 Piezometer Tube
2.6.2 U-Tube Manometer
2.6.3 Inclined-Tube Manometer
2.7 Mechanical and Electronic Pressure Measuring Devices
2.9 Pressure Prism
2.10 Hydrostatic Force on a Curves Surface
2.11 Buoyancy, Flotation, and Stability
2.11.1 Archimedes Principle
2.11.2 Stability
2.13 Chapter Summary and Study Guide
42-56
15
63-72
10
78-79
* Basic principles covered under this section heading could be explored; but the formulas used are calculus-based.
78
Table 3A. Pre-Calculus Based Fluid Mechanics Topics That Possibly Could Be Taught at 9th Grade (Continued)
Chapter/Section
Chapter 3 Elementary Fluid Dynamics The Bernoulli Equation
(pp. 95-135 41 pages sub-total. 8 sections out of 9)
3.1 Newtons Second Law
3.2 F = ma along a Streamline
3.4 Physical Interpretation
3.5 Static, Stagnation, Dynamic, and Total Pressure
3.6 Examples of Use of the Bernoulli Equation
3.6.1 Free Jets
3.6.2 Confined Flows
3.6.3 Flowrate Measurement
3.7 The Energy Line and the Hydraulic Grade Line
3.8 Restrictions on Use of the Bernoulli Equation
3.8.1 Compressibility Effects
3.8.3 Rotational Effects
3.8.4 Other Restrictions
3.9 Chapter Summary and Study Guide
Page Numbers
Number of Pages
95-101
104-135
32
168-169
170-171
182-182
2
2
3
Chapter 5 Finite Control Volume Analysis (pp. 192-252 61 pages sub-total 2 sections out of 5)
5.1 Conservation of Mass The Continuity Equation (Concept only)*
5.1.2 Fixed, Non-deforming Control Volume
5.3.3 Comparison of the Energy Equation with the Bernoulli Equation
5.3.4 Application of the Energy Equation to Non-uniform Flow
5.3.5 Combination of the Energy Equation and the Moment-of-momentum Equation
5.4.4 Application of the Loss Form of the Energy Equation
5.5 Chapter Summary and Study Guide
195-200
236-246
6
11
249-252
Chapter 6 Differential Analysis of Fluid Flow (pp. 272-334 63 pages sub-total. 0 sections out of 11)
Chapter 7 Similitude, Dimensional Analysis, and Modeling
(pp. 346-391 46 pages sub-total. 0 sections out of 11)
* Basic principles covered under this section heading could be explored; but the formulas used are calculus-based.
79
Table 3A. Pre-Calculus Based Fluid Mechanics Topics That Possibly Could Be Taught at 9th Grade (Continued)
Chapter/Section
Page Numbers
Chapter 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes (pp. 401-472 72 pages sub-total. 5 sections out of 7)
8.2 Fully Developed Laminar Flow (Concept only)*
8.2.4 Energy Considerations
8.4 Dimensional Analysis of Pipe Flow
8.4.1 Major Losses
8.4.2 Minor Losses
8.4.3 Noncircular Conduits
8.5 Pipe Flow Examples
8.5.1 Single Pipes
8.5.2 Multiple Pipe Systems
8.6 Pipe Flowrate Measurement
8.6.1 Pipe Flowrate Meters
8.6.2 Volume Flow Meters
8.7 Chapter Summary and Study Guide
416-417
430-472
Number of Pages
2
43
Chapter 9 Flow over Immersed Bodies (pp. 483-550 68 pages sub-total. 4 sections out of 5)
9.1 General External Flow Characteristics
9.1.1 Lift and Drag Concepts
9.1.2 Characteristics of Flow Past an Object
9.3 Drag
9.3.1 Friction Drag
9.3.2 Pressure Drag
9.3.3 Drag Coefficient Data and Examples
9.4 Lift
9.4.1 Surface Pressure Distribution
9.4.2 Circulation
9.5 Chapter Summary and Study Guide
484-493
10
518-550
33
Chapter 10 Open Channel Flow (Whole Chapter; pp. 561-605 45 pages sub-total. 7 sections out of 7)
10.1 General Characteristics of Open-Channel Flow
10.2 Surface Waves
10.2.1 Wave Speed
10.2.2 Froude Number Effects
10.3 Energy Considerations
10.3.1 Specific Energy
561-573
13
* Basic principles covered under this section heading could be explored; but the formulas used are calculus-based.
80
Table 3A. Pre-Calculus Based Fluid Mechanics Topics That Possibly Could Be Taught at 9th Grade (Continued)
Chapter/Section
Chapter 10 Open Channel Flow (Continued)
10.4 Uniform Depth Channel Flow
10.4.1 Uniform Flow Approximations
10.4.2 The Chezy and Manning Equations
10.4.3 Uniform Depth Examples
10.5 Gradually Varied Flow
10.5.1 Classification of Surface Shapes
10.5.2 Examples of Gradually Varied Flows
10.6 Rapidly Varied Flow
10.6.1 The Hydraulic Jump
10.6.2 Sharp-Crested Weirs
10.6.3 Broad-Crested Weirs
10.6.4 Underflow Gates
10.7 Chapter Summary and Study Guide
Page Numbers
574-605
Number of Pages
32
623-628
631-646
665-678
14
Chapter 12 Turbomachines (Whole Chapter; pp. 684-736 53 pages sub-total. 10 sections out of 10)
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Basic Energy Considerations
12.3 Basic Angular Momentum Considerations
12.4 The Centrifugal Pump
12.4.1 Theoretical Considerations
12.4.2 Pump Performance Characteristics
12.4.3 Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
12.4 4 System Characteristics and Pump Selection
684-736
53
81
Table 3A. Pre-Calculus Based Fluid Mechanics Topics That Possibly Could Be Taught at 9th Grade (Continued)
Chapter/Section
12.5 Dimensionless Parameters and Similarity Laws
12.5.1 Special Pump Scaling Laws
12.5.2 Specific Speed
12.5.3 Suction Specific Speed
12.6 Axial-Flow and Mixed-Flow Pump
12.7 Fans
12.8 Turbines
12.8.1 Impulse Turbines
12.8.2 Reaction Turbines
12.9 Compressible Flow Turbomachines
12.9.1 Compressors
12.9.2 Compressible Flow Turbines
12.10 Chapter Summary and Study Guide
Page Numbers
Number of Pages
Statistical Summary
Total Number of Pages Covered by Text (Excluding Problems Section) 621
Total Numbers of Sections Covered Under All Chapters 64 out of 102
Percentage of Pre-Calculus Sections
Number of Pre - Calculus Sections
64
% Pre -Calculus
100%
100% 62.7%
Total Number of Sections
102
Total Numbers of Chapters Covered 10 out of 12
Percentage of Chapters with Pre-Calculus Sections
Number of Chapters with Pre - Calculus Sections
10
% Pre -Calculus
100% 100% 83.3%
Total Number of Chapters
12
82
Table 3B. Pre-Requisite Mathematics and Science Topics to Be Reviewed Before Teaching the Pre-Calculus Portion of Fluid
Mechanics Topics to 9th Grade Students
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
1. [analytic geometry] 12th (To be taught as a special skill)
2. [analytic geometry: hyperbolic tangent] Post-secondary To be taught
3. [areas of geometric shapes: circle, triangle, etc.] (M5M1) 5th (2B)
4. [cylinder] (M1G1) (M1G2) 1st (2B)
5. [derivative] 12th (To be taught as a special skill)
6. cross product] To be taught as a special math topic
7. [ellipse] (MA2G4) 10th (2F) To be taught
8. [exponent] (M6A3) 6th (2A)
9. [four operations] (M1N3) 1st (2A)
10. [graph] (S7CS6) 7th (6)
11. [height] (MKM1) K (2B)
12. [integration] 12th (To be taught as a special skill)
13. [logarithmic functions] (MA2A5) 10th (2E) (To be taught as a special skill)
14. [perimeter] (M3M3) (M3M4) 3rd (2B)
15. [Pythagorean Theorem] (M8G2) 8th (2B)
16. [prism] (M6G2) 6th (2B)
17. [radius] (M3G1) 3rd (2B)
18. [ratio] (M6A1) 6th (2A)
19. [sigma notation] (M6N1) 6th (1A) or (MA1A3) 9th (2E)
20. [square root] (M8N1) 8th (2A)
21. [triangle] (M5M1) 5th (2B)
22. [trigonometric functions] (MA2G2) 10th (2F)
23. [unit conversion] (M6M1) 6th (2C)
24. [volume] (M5M4) 5th (1B) (M6M3) 6th (2B) (MA1G5) 9th (2F)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
Physics/Chemistry
[absolute temperature] (SP3) 9th (3B) To be taught
[acceleration] (S8P3) 8th (3C)
[Dimensional Analysis] Special topics from 7.1 to be taught
[density] (S6E5) 6th (4A)
[energy] (SP3) 9th (3B)
[force] (S4P3) 4th (3A) or (S8P3) 8th (3C)
[friction] (S8P3) 8th (3A) To be taught
[gas/liquid] (SPS5) 9th (3B) To be taught
[graph] (S7CS6) 7th (6)
[gravity] (S6E1) 6th (3A)
[heat] (S2P2) 2nd (3A)
[Ideal Gas Law] Post-secondary to be taught
[intermolecular cohesive force] To be taught
[mass] (S8P3) 8th (3A)
[molecule] (S8P1) 8th (4A)
[momentum] (SP3) 9th (3B)
[Newtons 1st, 2nd and 3rd Laws] (SP1) 9th (3C) To be taught
[potential energy] (SP3) 9th (3A)
[power] (SP3) 9th (3B)
[pressure] (SC5) 9th (4B) To be taught
[Reynolds Number] To be taught as special topic
[speed] (S2P3) 2nd (3A)
[speed of sound] (SPS9) 9th (3B) To be taught
[stress] To be taught
[temperature] (S3P1) 3rd (3A) and (SP3) 9th (3B)
[torque] Post-secondary To be taught
[velocity] (S8P3) 8th (3A)
[weight] (MKM1) K (2C)
[work] (S8P3) 8th (3A)
83
Table 4A. Calculus Based Fluid Mechanics Topics for Post-Secondary Engineering Education
Chapter/Section
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.6 Viscosity
Page Nos.
13-20
38-42
57-63
73-78
97-104
131-132
Chapter/Section
Chapter 4 Fluid Kinematics
193-195
200-205
205-236
246-249
Page Nos.
150-168
170-182
272-334
84
Table 4A. Calculus Based Fluid Mechanics Topics for Post-Secondary Engineering Education (Continued)
Chapter/Section
Page Nos.
Chapter 7 Similitude, Dimensional Analysis, and Modeling
Chapter/Section
Page Nos.
Chapter 6 Differential Analysis of Fluid Flow (Continued)
346-391
401-415
418-429
85
Table 4A. Calculus Based Fluid Mechanics Topics for Post-Secondary Engineering Education (Continued)
Chapter/Section
Chapter 9 Flow over Immersed Bodies
9.2 Boundary Layer Characteristics
Page Nos.
493-518
614-623
628-631
647-664
Chapter/Section
Chapter 10 Open Channel Flow
10.3 Energy Considerations
10.3.2 Channel Depth Variations
Page Nos.
573-574
86
Table 4B. Pre-Requisite Math and Science Topics to Be Reviewed Before Teaching the Calculus Portion of Fluid Mechanics Topics
Math & Science Pre-requisite Topics & Completion Grade (Georgia Performance Standard Code)
[Pre-requisite Math Skills/Science Principles] (GPS Code) Grade (Table No.)
Math
1. [absolute value] (M7N1) 7th (2A)
2. [analytic geometry] Post-secondary
3. [analytic geometry: hyperbolic tangent] Post-secondary To be taught
4. [areas of geometric shapes: circle, triangle, etc.] (M5M1) 5th (2B)
5. [coordinate system] (M4G3) 4th (2B)
6. [cross product] To be taught as a special math topic
7. [cylinder] (M1G1) (M1G2) 1st (2B)
8. [derivative] 12th and [partial derivative] Post-Secondary
9. [dot product] To be taught as a special math topic
10. [ellipse] (MA2G4) 10th (2F) To be taught
11. [Eulerian method] Post-secondary
12. [exponent] (M6A3) 6th (2A)
13. [four operations] (M1N3) 1st (2A)
14. [functions] (MA1A1) 9th (2E) and others Post-secondary
15. [gradient del] Post-Secondary
16. [graph] (S7CS6) 7th (6)
17. [height] (MKM1) K (2B)
18. [integration] 12th (To be taught as a special skill)
19. [Lagrangian method] Post-secondary
20. [limit] Post-secondary
21. [logarithmic functions] (MA2A5) 10th (2E)
22. [perimeter] (M3M3) (M3M4) 3rd (2B)
23. [Pythagorean Theorem] (M8G2) 8th (2B)
24. [prism] (M6G2) 6th (2B)
25. [radius] (M3G1) 3rd (2B)
26. [ratio] (M6A1) 6th (2A)
27. [sigma notation] (M6N1) 6th (1A) or (MA1A3) 9th (2E)
28. [square root] (M8N1) 8th (2A)
29. [surface] (M6M4) 6th (2B)
30. [3rd order non-linear differential equation] Post-secondary
31. [triangle] (M5M1) 5th (2B) and [trigonometric functions] (MA2G2) 10th (2F)
32. [unit conversion] (M6M1) 6th (2C)
33. [vector] (MA3A10) 11th (2H) To be taught as a special math topics
34. [volume] (M5M4) 5th (1B) (M6M3) 6th (2B) (MA1G5) 9th (2F)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
Physics/Chemistry
[absolute temperature] (SP3) 9th (3B) To be taught
[acceleration] (S8P3) 8th (3C)
[Dimensional Analysis] Special topics from 7.1 to be taught
[density] (S6E5) 6th (4A)
[energy] (SP3) 9th (3B)
[entropy] Post-secondary To be taught
[1st moment of the area] To be taught
[force] (S4P3) 4th (3A) or (S8P3) 8th (3C)
[friction] (S8P3) 8th (3A) To be taught
[gas/liquid] (SPS5) 9th (3B) To be taught
[graph] (S7CS6) 7th (6)
[gravity] (S6E1) 6th (3A)
[heat] (S2P2) 2nd (3A)
[Ideal Gas Law] Post-secondary to be taught
[intermolecular cohesive force] To be taught
[mass] (S8P3) 8th (3A)
[molecule] (S8P1) 8th (4A)
[momentum] (SP3) 9th (3B)
[Newtons 1st, 2nd and 3rd Laws] (SP1) 9th (3C) To be taught
[potential energy] (SP3) 9th (3A)
[power] (SP3) 9th (3B)
[pressure] (SC5) 9th (4B) To be taught
[Reynolds Number] To be taught as special topic
[2nd moment of the area] To be taught
[speed] (S2P3) 2nd (3A)
[speed of sound] (SPS9) 9th (3B) To be taught
[stress] To be taught
[temperature] (S3P1) 3rd (3A) and (SP3) 9th (3B)
[torque] Post-secondary To be taught
[velocity] (S8P3) 8th (3A)
[wave] (S8P4) 8th (3A)
[weight] (MKM1) K (2C)
[work] (S8P3) 8th (3A)
87
88
Acknowledgement:
This is to acknowledge the great teaching, inspiration, and advice provided by Dr. Robert Wicklein, Dr. Roger Hill and Dr. John Mativo at the College of
Education, and by Dr. Sidney Thompson and Dr. David Gattie at Driftmier Engineering Center, the University of Georgia, which has made this research possible.
This is also to acknowledge the assistance and advice provided by Professor Jose Ramirez, Professor Kamyar Khashayar, Professor Humberto Gallegos, and
Professor Artin Davidian, at the Engineering Department, as well as Learning Assistance Center Director Maria Elena Yepes, and Instructional Aide Elizabeth
Arroyo, at East Los Angeles College, in supporting the agenda to improve K12 STEAM education in the United States on the basis of my published Vision
Paper.