Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
by
S.PraveenKumar
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
PSG College of Technology
Coimbatore
spk@civ.psgtech.ac.in,praveen9894861585@gmail.com
Introduction
A column is an important components of R.C. Structures.
A column, in general, may be defined as a member carrying direct axial
Classification of columns
Based on Type of Reinforcement
a) Tied Columns-where the main
longitudinal bars are enclosed within
closely spaced lateral ties( all cross
sectional shapes)
b) Spiral columns-where the main
longitudinal bars are enclosed within
closely spaced and continuously wound
spiral reinforcement (Circular, square,
octagonal sections)
c) Composite Columns-where the
reinforcement is in the form of structural
steel sections or pipes, with or without
longitudinal bars
Columns
On the other hand, columns with very high slenderness ratios are in
danger of buckling (accompanied with large lateral deflection) under
relatively low compressive loads, and thereby failing suddenly.
Braced columns & unbraced column
In most of the cases, columns are also subjected to horizontal loads like
wind, earthquake etc. If lateral supports are provided at the ends of the
column, the lateral loads are borne entirely by the lateral supports. Such
columns are known as braced columns.(When relative transverse
displacement between the upper and lower ends of a column is prevented,
the frame is said to be braced (against sideway)).
Other columns, where the lateral loads have to be resisted by them, in
addition to axial loads and end moments, are considered as unbraced
columns. (When relative transverse displacement between the upper and
lower ends of a column is not prevented, the frame is said to be unbraced
(against sideway).
In such cases,
the effective
length ratio k
varies between
0.5 and 1.0
In such cases,
the effective
length ratio k
varies between
1.0 and infinity
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Reinforcement in column
Concrete is strong in compression.
However, longitudinal steel rods are
Codal Provisions(IS-456-2000)
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moment/transverse load.
To hold the longitudinal reinforcement in position at the time of
concreting.
To confine the concrete, thereby preventing its longitudinal splitting.
To impart ductility to the column.
To prevent sudden brittle failure of the columns.
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Cover to reinforcement
For a longitudinal reinforcing bar in a column, the nominal cover shall not
be less than 40mm, nor less than the diameter of such bar.
In the case of columns of minimum dimension of 200mm or under, whose
reinforcing bars does not exceed 12mm, a cover of 25mm may be used.
Clause 26.4.2.1 Page No:49IS 456-2000
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Detailing of columns
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Columns
Case I :
Concentric loading: Zero Eccentricity or nominal
eccentricity (Xu =)
Case II :
Moderate eccentricity (Xu > D)
Case III :
Moderate eccentricity (Xu = D)
Case IV :
Moderate eccentricity (Xu < D)
eccentricity e. (e = Mu / Pu )
Eccentricity
e = Mu / Pu
e = Mu / Pu
e = Mu / Pu
Range
Small
Large
In between
two
Behavior
Compression
Flexural
Combination
Failure
Compression
Tension
Balanced
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Introduction
A
Biaxial Eccentricities
Every
Design of Column
Step-1-Assume the cross-section of the column and the area of
reinforcement along with its distribution, based on moment Mu
given by equation
where a may vary between 1.10 to 1.20lower of a for higher axial loading (Pu/Puz)
Step-2- Compute Puz either using Equation or chart. Find ratio of
Pu/Puz.
Step-3- Determine Uniaxial Moment Capacities Mux1 and Muy1
combined with axial load Pu , using Appropriate Interaction
curves(Design charts) for case of column subjected to axial load
(Pu ) and Uniaxial Moment.
Introduction
A
simplified methods
1) The Strength Reduction Coefficient method
2) The Additional moment Method
3) The Moment Magnification Method
The reduction coefficient method, given by IS 456-2000 is
recommended for working stress design for service load and is based on
allowable stresses in steel and concrete.
The additional moment method is recommended by Indian and British
codes.
The ACI Code recommends the use of moment magnification method.
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(b) Compute total moment (Mut ) in each direction from using equation
without considering reduction factor (ka)
(c) Make Preliminary design for Pu and Mut and find area of steel. Thus p is
known.
Step-4- (a) Obtain Puz. Also obtain Pb in each direction, for reinforcement
ration p determined above.
(b) Determine the value of ka in each direction.
(c) Determine the Modified design value of moment in each
direction
Mut = Mui + ka Ma
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Step-5- Redesign the column for Pu and Mut . If the column is slender
about both the axes, design the column for biaxial bending, for (Pu , Muxt)
about x-axis and (Pu , Muyt) about y-axis.
Note-When external moments are absent, bending moment due to
minimum eccentricity should be added to additional moment about the
corresponding axes.
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