11/06/14

Mutations

Image 1

Lesson Overview
Gene

Mutations

Types

Causes

Effects

We are all affected by mutations

The DNA in all of us is constantly subject
to mutations, which can have drastic
effects on lives (for example, by causing
disease).
Some causes of mutation are UV
radiation and viruses, both of which
people are regularly exposed to.

Review
DNA is made up of
the bases: Adenine,
Cytosine, Thymine,
Guanine
Genes are made of
sequences of DNA
bases: A, C, T, G
RNA takes genes
(DNA base
sequences) and
makes them into
protein

Image 2

Lesson
outcomes
1. Define gene mutation
2. Describe and identify
the three types of gene
mutations
3. Practice interpreting
gene messages
4. Describe several
causes and effects of
gene mutations
Image 3

Gene
mutations
Occur in the
base sequence
of DNA
Involve a change
in the order of
bases (A,C,T,G)
that make up a
gene

Image 4

Types of Mutations

Deletion

Addition

Substitution

Base
missing

Extra
base
added

One base
substituted
for another

Types of Mutations
Normal DNA sequence: ACCTGC
Deletion: ACCTG_

Addition: ACCTGCT
Substitution: ACGTGC

Positive

Effects

Negative

Neutral
(none)

Effects
Positive
Beneficial
for the
survival of
an
individual

Negative
Neutral
Harmful for No effect
the survival
on the
of an
survival of
individual
an
individual

Interpreting DNA sequences

DNA sequences are interpreted/read in groups
of three bases when protein is made
For example, the sequence AAGCTGAGC
would be interpreted/read as AAG CTG AGC
If a letter is added, deleted, or substituted, it
will change the gene message and in turn
possibly change the protein that is made

Scientific Investigation
You and your partner are scientific
researchers. You have just discovered
some DNA sequences that may be
important in explaining several medical
conditions
Answer the given questions to read these
sequences
A(1) refers to the first A in the sequence,
whereas A(3) refers to the third A in the
sequence

Causes
Mutagens are
substances or
factors that cause
mutations
Environmental
mutagens such as
mercury, cigarette
smoke, X-ray and
UV radiation, and
certain viruses can
cause mutations

Image 5

Reflection

Image 6

Lesson
outcomes
1. Define gene mutation
2. Describe and identify
the three types of gene
mutations
3. Practice interpreting
gene messages
4. Describe several
causes and effects of
gene mutations
Image 3

References

Image 1: http://imgak.verticalresponse.com/media/d/a/8/da8d0db61f/f6596fb51c/untitled2%202.jpg
?__nocache__=1
Image 2: http://www.fragilex.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/genegraphic.png
Image 3: http://richwendling.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/gene_mutation.jpg
Image 4:
http://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/geneticprivacy/images/gene_1.png
Image 5:
http://bhhsc.org/image.php/hria.jpg?width=250height=220&image=/uploads/ima
ges/pages/cigarette-smoke.jpg
Image 6: http://3ox07h3l1e7bf7g6k1dyp4un2c.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wpcontent/uploads/2014/05/Reflection_in_a_soap_bubble_edit.jpg