GATE Networks Book

NETWORKS
for
EC / EE / IN
By
www.thegateacademy.com
Syllabus
Networks
Syllabus for Networks

Network graphs: matrices associated with graphs; incidence, fundamental cut set and
fundamental circuit matrices. Solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis. Network theorems:
superposition, Thevenin and Nortons, maximum power transfer, Wye-Delta transformation.
Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors. Linear constant coefficient differential equations;
time domain analysis of simple RLC circuits, Solution of network equations using Laplace
transform: frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits. 2-port network parameters: driving point
and transfer functions. State equations for networks.
Analysis of GATE Papers

(Network Theory)
Year
ECE
EE
IN
2013
15.00
11.00
13.00
2012
13.00
13.00
16.00
2011
9.00
9.00
6.00
2010
8.00
10.00
6.00
Over All Percentage
11.25%
10.75%
10.25%
th
th
th
THE GATE ACADEMY PVT.LTD. H.O.: #74, Keshava Krupa (third Floor), 30 Cross, 10 Main, Jayanagar 4 Block, Bangalore-11
: 080-65700750, info@thegateacademy.com Copyright reserved. Web: www.thegateacademy.com
Contents
Networks
CONTENTS
#1.
#2.
#3.
Chapters
Page No.
Network Solution Methodology
1-43
1-5
5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-12
13-22
23-30
31-35
36
36-43
Introduction
Solution of Simultaneous equations
Nodal Analysis
Voltage/Current Source
Dependent Sources
Power and Energy
Thevenins and Nortons Theorems
Solved Examples
Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Answer Keys
Explanations
Transient/Steady State Analysis of RLC

Circuits to DC Input
44-77
44-45
45-51
52-60
61-67
68-71
72
72-77
Transient Response Analysis

Transient Response of capacitor
Solved Examples
Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Answer Keys
Explanations
Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis
78-119
78-82
82
82-85
85-88
88-91
91-94
95-101
102-108
109-112
113
113-119
Sinusoidal Excitation
Average Power Supplied by A.C. Source
Resonance
Single Phase Circuit Analysis
Polyphase Circuit Analysis
Magnetically Coupled Circuit
Solved Examples
Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Answer Keys
Explanations
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Page I
Contents
#4.
#5.
Networks
Laplace Transform
120-149
120
120-121
121
121-123
123
123-124
125-127
128-133
134-140
140-142
143
143-149
Definition
Laplace Transform of Standard Function
Initial Value Theorems
Transfer Function of LTI System
Circuit Analysis at a Generalized Frequency
Standard Structures
Properties of Driving Point Functions
Solved Examples
Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Answer Keys
Explanations
Two Port Net works
150-172
150-153
153-154
154-157
158-161
162-164
165-167
168
168-172
Definitions
Some Standard Networks
Inter Connection of Two Port Networks
Solved Examples
Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Answer Keys
Explanations
#6. Network Topology
173-197
Definitions
Connected and Non-Connected Graph
Formula
Nodal Incidence Matrix
Applications in Network Theory
Loop Incidence Matrix
Fundamental of Cut Set Matrix
Solved Examples
Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Answer Keys
173
173-174
174-175
175
175-176
176-177
178-179
180-186
187-191
191-193
194
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Page II
Contents
Networks
Explanations
194-197
Module Test
198-218
Test Questions
198-211
Answer Keys
212
Explanations
212-218
Reference Books
219
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Page III
Chapter 1
Networks
CHAPTER 1
Network Solution Methodology
Introduction
The passive circuit elements resistance R, inductance L and capacitance C are defined by the
manner in which voltage and current are related for the individual element. The table below
summarizes the voltage-current(V-I) relation, instantaneous power (P) consumption and
energy stored in the period [t ,t ] for each of above elements .
SL. No
Circuit
element
Symbol in Units
electric
circuit
Resistance, R
i
Inductance, L
Voltage
current
relation
Instantaneous
power , P
Energy stored /
dissipated
in [
]
V= i R
( ohms law)
Vi= i
V=L
Li
Henry
(H)
Farad
(F)
i=C
Ohm
V ()
(t
t )
Capacitance, C
i
Table 1.1.Voltage Current relation of network elements

In the above table, if i is the current at instant m and
is the voltage at instant m, total
energy dissipated in a resistor (R) in [ t t ] = v i dt= i
dt
Series and Parallel Connection of Circuit Elements

Figure below summarizes equivalent resistance /inductance /capacitance for different
combinations of network elements.
THE GATE ACADEMY PVT.LTD. H.O.: #74, KeshavaKrupa (third Floor), 30th Cross, 10th Main, Jayanagar 4th Block, Bangalore-11
Page 1
Chapter 1
Networks
Fig1.1. Series and parallel connection of circuit elements

Voltage / Current relation in series / parallel connection of resistor
Figures below summarize voltage/current relations in series and parallel connection of
resistors.
>
+
>
>
Fig1.2. Series connection of resistor

For series connection of resistors, i
V= v
i =....... i =i
Page 2
Chapter 1
Networks
Fig 1.3 Parallel combination of resistors

For parallel connection of resistors,
i = ii , i = i
Kirchoffs urrent aw ( K
=V
)
The algebraic sum of current at a node in a electrical circuit is equal to zero.
Node O
Fig 1.4 Demonstration of KCL

Assuming that current approaching node O bears positive sign, and vice versa,
i
Kirchoff s oltage aw
In any closed loop electrical circuit, the algebraic sum of voltage drops across all the circuit
elements is equal to emf rise in the same. Figure below demonstrates KVL and KCL equation can
be written as,
i
Page 3
Chapter 1
Networks
Fig 1.5.Demonstration of KVL
Fig 1.6.Demonstration of KCL & KVL

From Kirchoffs current law ,i
Also from KVL,
(i
i
i )
(i
i
i
i )
Mesh Analysis
In the mesh analysis, a current is assigned to each window of the network such that the currents
complete a closed loop. They are also referred to as loop currents. Each element and branch
therefore will have an independent current. When a branch has two of the mesh currents, the
actual current is given by their algebraic sum. Once the currents are assigned, Kirchhoffs
voltage law is written for each of the loops to obtain the necessary simultaneous equations.
Fig 1.7.Demonstration of mesh analysis

Use mesh analysis to find and ,
(
Page 4
Chapter 1
(
Networks
=0
The above set of simultaneous equations should be solved for
and .
Solution of Simultaneous Equations

Matrix inversion method
The above set of equations can be written as below in matrix from:
][ ] = *
This is of form, AX = B
Where
Cramers rule
To find either of and , use Cramers rule as below
=|
| | |
=|
| | |
Mesh Analysis (using super mesh)

When two of the loops have a common element as a current source, mesh analysis is not applied
to both loops separately. Instead both the loops are merged and a super mesh is formed. Now
KVL is applied to super mesh. For the circuit in figure shown below,
= E
Fig 1.8.Demonstration of mesh analysis using super mesh
Nodal Analysis
Typically, electrical networks contain several nodes, where some are simple nodes and some
are principal nodes. In the node voltage method, one of the principal nodes is selected as the
reference and equations based on KCL are written at the other principal nodes. At each of these
other principal nodes, a voltage is assigned, where it is understood that this voltage is with
respect to the reference node. These voltage are the unknowns and are determined by nodal
Analysis.
Page 5

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NETWORKS

Syllabus for Networks

Analysis of GATE Papers

Over All Percentage

Network Solution Methodology

Transient/Steady State Analysis of RLC

Transient Response Analysis

Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis

Two Port Net works

#6. Network Topology

Table 1.1.Voltage Current relation of network elements

Series and Parallel Connection of Circuit Elements

Fig1.1. Series and parallel connection of circuit elements

Fig1.2. Series connection of resistor

Fig 1.3 Parallel combination of resistors

The algebraic sum of current at a node in a electrical circuit is equal to zero.

Fig 1.4 Demonstration of KCL

Fig 1.5.Demonstration of KVL

Fig 1.6.Demonstration of KCL & KVL

Fig 1.7.Demonstration of mesh analysis

The above set of simultaneous equations should be solved for

Solution of Simultaneous Equations

Mesh Analysis (using super mesh)

Fig 1.8.Demonstration of mesh analysis using super mesh

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