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EDUC 434: Teaching of Science in Middle/Secondary Schools
Reflective Lesson Plan Model
Name: Alycia Moore-Smith
PART I: PLANNING
Title of Lesson
Source
Physical Science
Subject Area (s)
7th Grade
Grade Level
Curriculum Standards
Description and Background All substances are composed of one or more elements.
Elements are pure substances which contain only one kind of
Information
atom. The periodic table organizes these elements based on
similar properties. Compounds are substances composed of two
or more elements. Chemical formulas can be used to describe
compounds.
Lesson Objectives
What will students be able to do at the conclusion of this lesson? Make sure that your
objective(s) are measurable.
SWBAT:
Identify trends in the periodic table
Identify the most reactive metals and non-metals
Distinguish the difference between periods and groups
Identify the alkali family, halogen family, and noble gas
family
Use atomic number, atomic mass and electron
configuration to place elements in their appropriate places
Learn useful facts about some of the elements.
How will I vary these objectives for students who do not understand the material?
I will work with these students individually or have them pair with
a student who has already mastered the concept. (reciprocal
teaching)
How will I vary these objectives for students who have already mastered the concept?
Statement of Purpose
I will need:
Periodic table print-outs (blank)
Paper, for the diagnostic and summative assessment
SMART Board / Pens
Students will need:
SMART Board / Pens
(KWL Chart)
-What do you (students) know?
-What do you (students) want to know?
-What did you (students) learn?
Anticipatory Set
What will you do to motivate the students and get their attention? What is the hook that
will serve as a focus for the lessons activities?
Pre-assessment
Teacher Modeling or
Demonstration
What will we do together as they learn how to succeed at the new task?
I will ask students, verbally, if they understand the lesson and all
concepts I have taught. Students, then, will display a designated
hand signal to indicate their understanding of a specific concept,
principal, or process:
- I understand____________ and can explain it (e.g., thumbs up).
- I do not yet understand ____________ (e.g., thumbs down).
- Im not completely sure about ____________ (e.g., wave hand).
What will students do by themselves to show that they have internalized the knowledge?
Independent Practice
Closure
Assessment
(attach to lesson plan)
Extension Activities
How will you use technology to assist students with learning the concepts? What
technology will you use to enhance the delivery and comprehension of your content?
Technology
Students will identify elements of the periodic table that they can
or cannot digest or use for medical purposes. (i.e Ca) (Iron pills)
Physical Education:
Students will have to walk back and forth to and from the SMART
Board.
PART III: REFLECTION
Describe the strengths of your instructional techniques, strategies and classroom management.
Describe the strengths of student engagement.
Strengths
Describe the weaknesses of your instructional techniques, strategies and classroom management.
Describe the weaknesses of student engagement.
Weaknesses
Suggestions for
Improvement
Revised 6-2013
THE CLAFLIN IMPERATIVE
PREPARING STDUENTS FOR LEADERSHIP AND SERVICE IN A
MULTICULTURAL, GLOBAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Diagnostic Assessment
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Jason Priestly
Dmitri Mendeleev
Antoine Lavoisier
Albert Einstein
i. Dmitri Mendeleev gets the credit for designing the modern
periodic table. Jason Priestly is an actor. Joseph Priestly
and Antoine Lavoisier were both chemists. Albert Einstein
developed theories about atomic particles.
Silicon (Si) and carbon (C) share some similar characteristics.
a. True
b. False
i. It is not as if silicon (Si) and carbon (C) are the same
element, but they do share characteristics. They both like
to make four bonds and they are both located in the same
column of the periodic table. Other elements in this
column are germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), and lead (Pb), but
they are not as similar as carbon and silicon.
All of the following are in the same rows/periods of the periodic table
EXCEPT:
a. Beryllium(Be), Oxygen(O), Fluorine (F)
b. Hydrogen(H), Helium(He)
c. Sodium(Na),Carbon(C), Chlorine(Cl)
d. Lithium(Li), Boron(B), Neon(Ne)
i. This one was a little harder. You needed to remember
what elements were in which rows. The correct answer
was "Sodium (Na), Carbon(C), Chlorine(Cl)" because
carbon is in the second row while sodium and chlorine are
in the third row. As far as chemistry is concerned, that
means they have different numbers of atomic orbitals.
Sodium (Na) tries to fill up its third shell/orbital when it bonds.
a. True
b. False
i. Sodium (Na) wants to get rid of its electron. If you take a
close look at the shells/orbitals, you will see that sodium
has an extra electron sitting in the third orbital. When it
bonds and gets rid of that electron, it becomes a "Happy
Atom." In the classroom, you will often find sodium
bonded to chlorine (Cl) because it loves to receive an
extra electron.
Sulfur's (S) electron configuration is:
a. 2-16-16
b. 2-8-6
c. 1-6-15
d. 2-6-8
i. Sulfur (S) is the sixteenth element in the periodic table.
The atomic number tells you there are sixteen protons in
a sulfur atom. A neutral atom has the same number of
electrons and protons. That fact means sulfur has sixteen
electrons. Using the 2-8-8 rule... Sulfur would have a
setup of 2-8-6.
9. You will find metals on the far right column of the periodic table.
a. True
b. False
i. Noble gases are found on the far right of the periodic
table in group VIIIA. Halogens are in the second group
from the right. Metals of all types are found around the left
side of the periodic table. There may be earth, transition,
or alkaline earth metals across the table.
10.
Although the order of elements is based on atomic number,
vertical families share similar chemical properties.
a. True
b. False
i. Elements in the same groups, such as the halogens or
noble gases, often share similar chemical properties.
These properties might include relative atomic radius,
electronegativity, or ionization energy. All of the noble
gases are very nonreactive, while all of the halogens are
very reactive.
Summative Assessment
11.
a.
b.
c.
d.
12.
a.
b.
13.
a.
b.
c.
d.
14.
a.
b.
15.
a.
b.
c.
d.
20.
Oxygen (O) usually tries to make two bonds with other atoms to
fill its outer shells.
a. True
b. False
i. Oxygen (O) atoms are often found with two bonds. Think
about water for a second. That oxygen atom bonded with
two hydrogens (H). In other compounds, you might find
two single bonds or one double bond. Even when oxygen
is found as a gas molecule, it holds a double bond with
another oxygen atom.
Diagnostic Assessment
1. What is the first element in the periodic table?
a. Helium (He)
b. Hydrogen (H)
c. Lithium (Li)
d. Argon (Ar)
2. Elements in the periodic table are arranged by:
a. Atomic Number
b. Atomic Weight
c. Number of Neutrons
d. Chemical Reactivity
3. Which of these is a noble gas?
a. Chlorine (Cl)
b. Hydrogen (H
c. Neon (Ne)
d. Fluorine (F)
4. Which scientist came up with the concept of a periodic table?
a. Jason Priestly
b. Dmitri Mendeleev
c. Antoine Lavoisier
d. Albert Einstein
5. Silicon (Si) and carbon (C) share some similar characteristics.
a. True
b. False
6. All of the following are in the same rows/periods of the periodic table
EXCEPT:
a. Beryllium(Be), Oxygen(O), Fluorine (F)
b. Hydrogen(H), Helium(He)
c. Sodium(Na),Carbon(C), Chlorine(Cl)
d. Lithium(Li), Boron(B), Neon(Ne)
7. Sodium (Na) tries to fill up its third shell/orbital when it bonds.
a. True
b. False
8. Sulfur's (S) electron configuration is:
a. 2-16-16
b. 2-8-6
c. 1-6-15
d. 2-6-8
9. You will find metals on the far right column of the periodic table.
a. True
b. False
10.
Although the order of elements is based on atomic number,
vertical families share similar chemical properties.
a. True
b. False
i. Elements in the same groups, such as the halogens or
noble gases, often share similar chemical properties.
These properties might include relative atomic radius,
electronegativity, or ionization energy. All of the noble
gases are very nonreactive, while all of the halogens are
very reactive.
Summative Assessment
11.
Periods
Rows of elements are called periods. The period number of an element signifies the
highest unexcited energy level for an electron in
that element. The number of elements in a period
increases as you move down the periodic table
because there are more sublevels per level as
the energy level of the atom increases.
Groups
Columns of elements help define element groups.
Elements within a group share several common
properties. Groups are elements have the same
outer electron arrangement. The outer electrons are
called valence electrons. Because they have the
same number of valence electrons, elements in a
group share similar chemical properties. The Roman numerals listed above each group
are the usual number of valence electrons. For example, a group VA element will have 5
valence electrons.
Atomic Symbols:
The atom of each element is made up of electrons, protons and neutrons. All atoms of
the same neutral element have the same number of protons and electrons but the
number of neutrons can differ. Atoms of the same element but different neutrons are
called isotopes. Because of these isotopes it becomes necessary to develop a notation
to distinguish one isotope from another - the atomic symbol. The atomic symbol has
three parts to it:
1. The symbol: the usual element symbol
2. The atomic number: equal to the number of protons (placed as a left subscript)
3. The mass number: equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the isotope
(placed as a left superscript)
Electron
Electrons are negatively charged particles that surround the atom's nucleus.
Electrons were discovered by J. J. Thomson in 1897.
Neutron
Neutrons are uncharged particles found within atomic nuclei. Neutrons were
discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.
Proton
Protons are positively charged particles found within atomic nuclei. Protons were
discovered by Ernest Rutherford in experiments conducted between the years
1911 and 1919.
Metals
Non-Metals
Chemical Properties
shell.
shell.
conductors.
Brittle - if a solid.
Malleable - can be beaten into thin sheets.
Nonductile.
Ductile - can be stretched into wire.
Do not possess metallic luster.
Possess metallic luster.
Transparent as a thin sheet.
Opaque as thin sheet.
Solid at room temperature (except Hg).
The Periodic table can be divided into nine families of elements each having similar
properties. The families include:
Alkali metals
The alkali metals, found in group 1 of the periodic table, are highly reactive metals that
do not occur freely in nature. These metals have only one electron in their outer shell.
Therefore, they are ready to lose that one electron in ionic bonding with other elements.
As with all metals, the alkali metals are malleable, ductile, and are good conductors of
heat and electricity. The alkali metals are softer than most other metals. (Ex. Li)
Alkaline metals
The alkaline earth elements are metallic elements found in the second group of the
periodic table. All alkaline earth elements have an oxidation number of +2, making them
very reactive. (Ex. Ca)
The Transition metals
The 38 elements in groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table are called "transition
metals." As with all metals, the transition elements are both ductile and malleable, and
conduct electricity and heat. Their valence electrons are present in more than one shell.
This is why they often exhibit several common oxidation states. (Ex. Ti)
Other metals
The "other metals" elements are located in groups 13, 14, and 15. While these elements
are ductile and malleable, they are not the same as the transition elements. These
elements, unlike the transition elements, do not exhibit variable oxidation states, and
their valence electrons are only present in their outer shell. All of these elements are
solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque. They have oxidation numbers of
+3, 4, and -3. (Ex. Al)
Metalloids
Metalloids are the elements found between the boundaries that distinguishes metals
from non-metals. Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. Some of
the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. (Ex. Si)
Non-metals
Non-metals are the elements in groups 14-16 of the periodic table. Non-metals are not
able to conduct electricity or heat very well. As opposed to metals, non-metallic
elements are very brittle. The non-metals can be gases, such as oxygen and solids,
such as carbon. The non-metals have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light. They
have oxidation numbers of 4, -3, and -2. (Ex. C)
Halogens
The halogens are five non-metallic elements found in group 17 of the periodic table. All
halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shells, giving them an oxidation number of -1.
(Ex. Cl)
Noble gases
The noble gases are found in group 18 of the periodic table. These elements have an
oxidation number of 0. This prevents them from forming compounds readily. All noble
gases have 8 electrons in their outer shell, making them stable. (Ex. He)
Rare Earth
The 30 rare earth elements are composed of the lanthanide and actinide series. One
element of the lanthanide series and most of the elements in the actinide series are
synthetic, that is, human-made. All of the rare earth metals are found in group 3 of the
periodic table, and the 6th and 7th periods. (Ex. Tb)