2min Wang Reference Corpus Final Lis2405

University of Pittsburgh
Reference Corpus
Part II
LIS 2405 Cataloging and Classification
Summer Session 2014
Min Wang
Instructor Ashleigh Faith, CRM, MLIS
Contact: anp114@pitt.edu
724-681-9036
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Crosswalks and Mappings. 1
MARC AACR2 Mapping1
FRBR Framework.. 5
MARC Bibliographic to RDA Mapping 9
RDA Tips10
MARC to Dublin Core Crosswalk. 15
Metadata Crosswalk20
Anatomy of a Scope Note.. 32
Chapter 2 Course Resources.. 33
2 Discussion Transcripts 33
Week 3 Discussion Transcripts.. 33
Week 9 Discussion Transcripts.. 63
3 Self-Assessment.. 103
Week 2 Self-Assessment103
Week 3 Self-Assessment108
Week 5 Self Assessment. 112
Resource Weekly Matrix115
Any Additional Materials124
Books..124
Resources from Catalogers Desktop or RDA Toolkit.. 125
Reference Websites 137
Chapter 3 Assignments142
Final Interview Assignment142
Reflection on the Interview 142
Interview Questions and Transcript145

Sample of Job Posting 152
Final Bibliographic Assignment.157
Min_Wang_MARC21_Record (1.1). 157
Min_Wang_Converted RDA Record (1.2).158
Min_Wang_LCSH/DDC_Classification_and_Authority (1.3).......159
Min_Wang_DCMI_Creation_OR_an_Uncommon_Standard_Creation: (1.4). .178
Final Classification Assignment.184
Term lists created for the four items.. 184
List added to the vocabulary (with citations). 190
Chapter 4 Reflection Statement..191
Reflection Statement.. 191
Five Things I Better Understood from This Class..191
Five Areas of Emphasis Going Forward 194
Reflection on the Course 196
References.. 198
Supplementary Bibliography. 202
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Chapter 2 Course Resources

2 Discussion Transcripts
Week 3 Discussion Transcripts
Thread: LEAD QUESTION

Post:
LEAD QUESTION
Author: Min Wang

Posted Date: May 27, 2014 8:28 PM
Status: Published
What is the relationship between FRBR and RDA? How does FRBR help influence the design of
RDA?
With relation to AACR2, what has been changed with RDA? What are the aspects of RDA that
you prefer over AACR2? Why?
Thread: Added Question 1

Post: Added Question 1
Author: Min Wang
Status: Published
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How is an RDA record identified? What hurdles will libraries face while transitioning (or not) to
RDA?

Post: Added Question 2
Author: Min Wang
Status: Published
If you are a cataloger, your library received a donated book in foreign language with ISBN:
9789861735900. How would you go about finding the book title translation? How do you create
the donation and foreign language information in the MARC records fields? Why?

Post: RE: LEAD QUESTION
Author: Michelle Jones
Status: Published
I noticed several slight differences between AACR2 and RDA. RDA provides more
wording and elaboration, and thus is more detailed in content. On page 83 of Adam Schiffs
presentation concerning AACR2 to RDA changes, the slides highlight the modifications in
regards to personal headings. Cataloging phrases are written out in lieu of abbreviations. For
example, the term ca is replaced with the word approximately in reference to dates. The
previous AACR2 would see a record written as followed: Smith, John b 1825, while the RDA
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record would list the entry as: Smith John, born 1825. Furthermore, for the records pertaining to
conferences or speeches, RDA lists specific geographic regions, whereas AACR2 did not.
Including this component in the record would make it easier for the patron or librarian to cite the
source. I think these small additions help to make RDA a more comprehensive method of
cataloging and can assist with clarifying certain elements.
In terms of the relationship between the two, FRBR provides the conceptual foundation
for RDA, thus RDA can include various FRBR terminology (Joint Steering Committee 2010).
Take for example the FRBR component of expression, which involves foreign languages. RDA
cataloging records can include the language in which the work was written or translated.
Joint Steering Committee. 2010. RDA: Resource Description and Access, Last
modified January 18. http://www.rda-jsc.org/rdafaq.html#1-1.
Schiff, Adam. 2010. Changes from AACR2 to RDA: A Comparison of Examples.
PowerPoint Presentation at 2010 British Columbia Library Association Conference, Penticton,
Canada, April 22-24.

Author: Emily Chaplin
Status: Published
RDA instructions are made up using the FRBR model as well as International Cataloging
Principles. RDA relies more on cataloger judgment than AACR2 did. The goal of FRBR is to
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be user-friendly. The FRBR "User Tasks" include: Find, Identify, Select, and
Obtain. Catalogers must use their judgment in RDA to help users find, identify, select, and
obtain items as easily as possible.
There has been a number of terminology changes from AACR2 to RDA. Some examples
include: "heading" (AACR2) = "authorized access point (RDA); "author", "composer", "artist",
etc. (AACR2) = "creator" (RDA). RDA involves "core elements" that must always be included
when the data is available. Another change is that the "rule of three" from AACR2 no longer
applies.
I don't think I have enough cataloging experience to claim preferring either AACR2 or RDA. I
may have stronger feelings at the end of this class!

Post: RE: Added Question 1
Status: Published
There are two ways to identify an RDA record:
1) Leader/18 contains an "i" value
2) Field 040 subfield E contains "rda"
In my interview with a cataloger, she said that she only uses RDA for new print items. RDA no
longer includes the format of an item. So if a DVD were to be cataloged using RDA, nowhere in
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the online catalog entry would it say "DVD" or "audiovisual". That's a real problem for patrons,
especially when so many movies are based off of books or coincidentally have the same title.

Status: Published
I could try to figure out the translated title several ways: 1. See if LC has the item already
cataloged by looking up the ISBN number, 2. See if any library in Pennsylvania has the item by
visiting Power Library and looking up the ISBN number, or 3. (last resort) Look up the ISBN
number on Amazon. Hopefully one of those resources would have the translated title.
The language should be marked in field 130 (main entry), subfield $l; field 240 (uniform title),
subfield $l; and field 041 (language code).
For the donation portion of the question, I couldn't find any MARC fields specific to how the
item was acquired (it's very possible I missed it though). I would maybe put a note in field 500
(general note) saying "donation". Field 037 is "source of acquisition", so it might be possible to
notate there that the item was a donation.

Author: Min Wang
Posted Date: May 30, 2014 3:11 AM
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Edited Date: May 30, 2014 4:15 AM

Status: Published
How is an RDA record identified?
RDA Records in OCLC MARC Coding:
040 $e = rda
Leader/18 = i
264 instead of 260
336/337/338
Spelled-out descriptions (e.g., volumes, edition, illustrations)
What hurdles will libraries face while transitioning to RDA?
While transitioning to RDA, the library must know where to begin. Introduce RDA to staff,
assess the staff and catalog, and plan a budget. All these demand many things, including the
librarys setting, number of staff, staff time, and staff knowledge and cataloging experience. That
is a huge project which consuming time, energy, and money.
Carlton, Tim. 2013. Copy Cataloging Using RDA. Cooperative and Instructional Programs
Division, Library of Congress.
Mering, Margaret. 2014. The RDA Workbook: Learning the Basics of Resource Description and
Access. Libraries Unlimited: ABC-CLIO.
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Author: Min Wang
Status: Published
The relationship between FRBR and RDA
RDA is based on the FRBR conceptual model, IFLA Study Group on FRBR, developed an
entity-relationship model as a generalized view of the bibliographic universe. The FRBR is
intended to be independent of any cataloging code or implementation; it is a new cataloging
standard based on conceptual principle of relationships of bibliographic and authority records,
and a new set of vocabulary.
Areas of change between RDA in relation to AACR2 are descriptions, identifying the
work/expression, and identifying a person, family, corporate body. The class of material concept
to identifying elements needed to describe things to render the information accessible and usable
on the Web. RDA is compatible with various metadata standards, Dublin Core, MODS, ATT
(Becker, D., and Riley, J. (2010).
FRBR helps influence the design of the RDA
FRBR is a user-centered model facilitating relationships between data and users. It greatly
enhances ability to provide structured information about: people, corporate bodies, and families
important to our local institutions and communities; roles that they perform in relation to the
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resources in our collections; relationships among resources. It explicitly relates its organization
of entities and attributes to the user tasks: Find, Identify, Select, and Obtain.
The aspects of RDA that is preferable to AACR2
The future technical developments and the adaptation of Linked Data, RDF, the Global Open
Data Initiative, and rich metadata requirement necessitates the transition to RDA.
Becker, D., and Riley, J. (2010). Seeing standards: visualization of the metadata universe.
Accessed January 3, 2014)
Library of Congress. 2010. FRBR Overview and Application: Understanding Conceptual

Relationships. Retrieved from
http://www.loc.gov/catworkshop/RDA%20training%20materials/LC%20RDA%20Training/
LC%20RDA%20course%20table.html.

Author: Min Wang
Status: Published
I will use Google to search the ISBN to find the book title translation and general information
from the book description. For example,
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http://www.alibris.com/search/books/isbn/9789861735900. And then I will know what subject

the book is about.It will help me to catalog a foreign language book I have no knowledge about.
To create the donation information in the MARC record fields, I will consider to use the
following fields to create the records: part of the 9xx fields, 561 field, and $852 field.
First I will think about the 9xx fields, part of which is only for local use. I found couple
examples supporting my ideas from RDA Testing at the University of Chicago Library
[http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/staffweb/depts/cat/rda/rdaexamples.pdf] such as Title: Do my
statistics say what I want them to say? MARC view: http://tinyurl.com/24agne3 PAC view:
http://ipac.lib.uchicago.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&index=BIB&term=6429136 and Title: Dang guo
tui bian MARC view: http://tinyurl.com/2e8njnn PAC view:
http://ipac.lib.uchicago.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&index=BIB&term=6436214.
I also found the 561 field-Ownership and Custodial History can be used to record the donation
notes. Please see page 159-160 examples of the MARC 21 Format Bibliographic data:
http://www.loc.gov/marc/MARC_2012_Concise_PDF/Part3_Bibliographic.pdf
Finally I was told, In an AACR2 record using 561 certainly. However, in an RDA record, it
depends on how seriously you take the WEMI distinctions. Who donated the item applies
*only* to the item, not other copies, and would be 852 field, 852 $x(nonpublic note)
852$z(public note). Until we have a WEMI coding system (which even Bibframe is not) I
suspect many will ignore the distinction and continue using 561. (That is out of my
knowledge. Could you please help me?)
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To create the foreign language information in the MARC record fields, I will consider using
the following MARC21 fields bibliographic records
[http://www.loc.gov/marc/languages/introduction.pdf ]:
008/35-37 Fixed-Length Data Elements / Language
040 $b Cataloging Source / Language of cataloging
041 Language Code
242 $y Translation of Title by Cataloging Agency / Language code of translated title
775 $e Other Edition Entry / Language code
Also the following fields can be used:
246-Varying form of title
546-Language notes
936-parallel in a different language.

However, I found couple Chinese examples from RDA Testing at the University of Chicago
Library [http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/staffweb/depts/cat/rda/rdaexamples.pdf]: Title: Dang guo
tui bian MARC view: http://tinyurl.com/2e8njnn PAC view:
http://ipac.lib.uchicago.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&index=BIB&term=6436214
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They use $880 - Alternate Graphic Representation to record the foreign language
information.http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bd880.html (I dont know why? Could you
please help me?)

Post: RE: LEAD QUESTION, Paul
Author: Paul Pozorski
Status: Published
FRBR is the precursor to RDA. RDA is AACR3 via the concept of FRBR. RDA should
be compatible with all coding schemas which would make the library world an easier place to
work and navigate. The FRBF structure is based on four general user tasks: find, identify,
select, and obtain and is made up of three groups of entities.1 Group 1 is broken down into four
categories; these categories are work, expression, manifestation and item.2 Group 2 is a
person or corporate body3that relate to Group 1. Group 3 are subjects of works4 that relate
to Groups 1 and 2.
FRBR influences the design of RDA by being the notion behind it. The Bill of Rights
is the FRBR behind the Declaration of Independence which is RDA. Our government would be
MARC21 which is the shell it functions in. Sorry I just Netflixed John Adams and it is the best
analogy I can muster.
RDA comes across as more user friendly than AACR2. AACR2 was being replaced
because it was not flexible enough for the changing technology. As libraries become more
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connected AACR2 was too cumbersome for the task so it was going to be changed and those incharge looked at FRBR and came up with RDA. I prefer RDA (as if I have a choice) because it
is more user friendly and the rules make the schema easier to follow and understand.
1. Mering, Margaret, and Inc ebrary. 2014. The RDA workbook: Learning the basics
of resource description and access. Santa Barbara, California: Libraries
Unlimited, an imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC.
2. Ibid
3. Ibid
Bibliography

Status: Published
RDA records have two identifiers. The value i in Leader/18 and in field 040 $e has the rda
code. Some of the hurdles faced will be winning the staff over to the new system. I have a
friend in Georgia whose boss told him to screw RDA, we arent changing a thing. Learning
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new vocabulary will be a hurdle, compilations will be treated differently, and shared
responsibility will be having a new approach to name a few.

Status: Published
For the title I would do a search at the LOC using the ISBN. I would find the original book and
then use the LOC site from there to ascertain the title translation.
For the title translation I would use the ISBN and do a search at the LOC website hoping to get a
result for the book and an English translation of the title. The foreign language MARC record
would be: foreign language: 546 008/35-37 ##$a(3 letter language code goes here). If it was a
donation it would look like this 561 ##$a(information goes here).

Author: Katlynn Miller
Status: Published
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As Mering writes, FRBR is a concept. It is a model for organizing and arranging bibliographic
resources. It is a way of explaining the bibliographic universe. On the other hand, RDA
focuses on content, acting as a standard that provides instructions for cataloging. RDA builds on
FRBR and FRBR provides the theoretical base for RDA. FRBR influences RDA by employing
the same entity-relationship model commonly used in designing databases. FRBR organizes data
using entities, attributes and relationships, creating a more user centered model.
Several changes have occurred between AACR2 and RDA. The difference I notice most between
the two is that RDA presents information in a more user friendly format. For example, instead of
using the abbreviations S.I. and s.n., RDA writes out Place of publication not identified and
publisher not identified. I find this preferable because it is easier for user to understand. Many
users would not have known what S.I. or s.n meant.
Mering, Margaret. "The RDA Workbook: Learning the Basics of Resource Decsription and
Access." Denver, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited, 2014.

Status: Published
As is presented in the slides of RDA for Catalogers and as many have already listed, there are
two ways to identify an RDA record: first, the leader contains an i in the 18th position; and
second, field 040 contains $e RDA in the as a subfield.
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The biggest challenge that libraries will face when choosing to swithc RDA is creating a plan for
implantation. The planning process is always difficult and The RDA Workbook dedicates an
entire chapter implementing RDA. The chapter outlines all the things you need to take into
consideration when making such a change. For example, how will you introduce RDA to your
staff? What will your goals be? And how will you assess implementation?
Author: Donglin Ge
Posted Date: June 1, 2014 2:15 AM
Status: Published
As a conceptual entity
relationship model, FRBR intended to be independent of any cataloging code or implementation.
Significantly different from previous cataloging standards, FRBR relates user tasks of retrieval a
nd access in online library catalogues and bibliographic databases from a user centered perspecti
ve.
RDA is a revision of AACR2 according to the conceptual ER model of FRBR. Comparing with
AACR2, RDA is more flexible and suitable for use in a digital environment. Because RDA could
describe all kinds of objects, pictures, text, recordings, films and maps, it could not only be used
in libraries, but galleries, archives, museums and any other information service institute. Most p
eople believe RDA will be more popular than AACR2. On the one hand, applying fewer termino
logies of Library science
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RDA will allow students, researchers, and publishers to use, and will allow more people to use in
the cataloging of the immense online objects. On the other hand RDA help online users to identi
fy the resource more effectively with FRBRs conceptual relationships of bibliographic and auth
ority records.
Author: Min Wang
Status: Published
Yes, I agree. Making the switch from AACR2 to RDA, there is not a direct correlation. Much of
the RDA departs from traditional AACR2, which provides guidance for attributes of subject and
form and authority-control practice. Now they become Relationships among works and their
creative contributors, among works and their concepts, objects, events, and places. However,
these are not ready for use at present. In addition, the procedures will evolve over time in a
different way; it is difficult to be precise at this point because many policy decisions are
implementation-based.

Author: Kimberly Foflygen
Posted Date: June 1, 2014 4:02 PM
Status: Published
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FRBR and RDA are related because FRBR is the model that explains RDAs cataloging
framework (Powers and Coane, 2013). As Powers and Coane put it: RDA is a set of
standardized rules -- FRBR is a conceptual model for how those rules might support enhanced
online catalog displays (2013).
There are an impressive number of changes between AACR2 and RDA, as is evident in the brief
list of examples given in this module's additional resources: http://www.rdajsc.org/docs/BCLAPresentationWithNotes.pdf
Some major differences between RDA and AACR2 are that RDA requires the transcribing of a
title just as it appears on a book (TLA 2013). In addition, most of the abbreviations that were
present in AACR2 are spelled out in RDA, for example pages, and illustrations are spelled
out. There are also numerous formatting and punctuation changes. However, my favorite of
these changes is how RDA handles inaccuracies in the source material. It transcribes them as
they are, and then adds a 246 field with the words Title should read (Schiff, Changes
from). I appreciate this because the patron is likely to search for a book title as it
appears. Additionally, it gives catalogers more information regarding the data provided in the
246 field. It is not simply an alternate title, but how the title should appear.
Sources
Powers, Heather and Diane Coane. 2013. "RDA and FRBR...Tell Me Again Why I
Care". Cataloger's Reference Shelf.
<http://www.itsmarc.com/crs/mergedProjects/RDAplus/rdaplus/rda_and_frbr_tell_me_again_wh
y_i_care.htm>. Accessed June 1, 2014.
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Schiff, Adam. "Changes from AACR2 to RDA: A Comparison of Examples". BCLA.

<http://www.rda-jsc.org/docs/BCLAPresentationWithNotes.pdf> Accessed June 1, 2014.
TLA. 2013. "RDA for Catalogers".

<https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1QwTaxjSdu_0IKcHeSR7JQSBdb5qCOAmWUw3EC
Ta35bE/edit?pli=1#slide=id.p17> Accessed June 1, 2014.

Status: Published
There are a few ways to identify an RDA record, versus an AACR2 record. One can check the
Leaders 18th digit to see if it is and i. Also, and RDA record should have $eRDA in its 040
field. Another good sign that a record is RDA is if things that would normally be abbreviated in
AACR2, such as illustrations and pages, are completely spelled out. Also, if the record contains
an error, AACR2 usually puts [sic] in it, whereas RDA transcribes everything as faithfully as
possible with regard to the source material.
From what most early implementers were saying the biggest challenge is large-scale
implementation, as this requires a lot of time, planning and training to accomplish. Many
universities have chosen to take a longer term approach to transitioning to RDA, which allows
for more time for training and troubleshooting. In addition, many are choosing to catalog new
books in RDA and leave older records in AACR2.
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Status: Published
If I were a cataloger in that situation, I would first search for the ISBN in LOC, OCLC, Amazon,
Google Books, and/or potentially ABE Books to try and find the book. If that failed, I would
attempt to search for the author. If that also failed, I would take a picture of the book cover and
do a Google image search, hoping that it would yield a resource that either had information in a
language I could read or that was translatable online. Granted these would all take a certain
amount of time, and if the first few searches did not yield results, the book would likely be put
aside with a note for another time.
As for creating "donation" and "foreign language" information in MARC, there are several fields
I would fill out. I would use the following elements, as described in the introduction to
languages in MARC (http://www.loc.gov/marc/languages/introduction.pdf).
008/35-37 Fixed-Length Data Elements / Language

040b Cataloging Source / Language of cataloging
041 Language Code
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242y Translation of Title by Cataloging Agency / Language code of translated title

775e Other Edition Entry / Language code
If I were to put information in a record about a donation, I would probably do it in the Local
Notes field, which are the 590-599 tags; however, this may not transfer to other catalogs in a
system (Tag of the Month, 2014)
Tag of the Month. 2014. Follett. <
http://www.follettsoftware.com/tagofthemonth.cfm?tagID=110> Accessed June 1, 2014.
Introduction. Library of Congress. <http://www.loc.gov/marc/languages/introduction.pdf>
Accessed June 1, 2014.

Author: Kathleen Klemens
Edited Date: June 1, 2014 4:45 PM
Status: Published
Mering (2013) tells us that FRBR is a purely conceptual model, while RDA is a content standard
that informs how cataloging is actually performed in the workplace. The theory behind FRBR
informs the essential characteristics of RDA and provide and underlying theoretical framework
that allows for further expansion of the bibliographic universe. The entity-attribute relationship
model of FRBR is translated into the breakdown of RDA's bibliographic elements. I find that the
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Group mapping concept from FRBR helps me understand how RDA classifies each of its
elements. I find that learning the conceptual model behind FRBR allows me to understand RDA
much better than AACR2 on its own. Having grown up with the internet and therefore being
used to hyperlinked content, I also find the clearer relationships drawn through RDA preferable
to AACR2. Cutting out the English and Latin abbreviations tends to make RDA records more
readable, and I'm sure that many, many users prefer the change; however, I do dislike some
specific changes. For example, changing "ca" to "approximately" feels more cluttered. I like that
RDA differentiates between recorded and transcribed elements, and I much prefer that RDA
emphasizes direct transcription. I have a keen interest in preserving items for their artifactual
value and preserving original context, and I like that RDA helps carry both of those things into
the record.
Mering, Margaret. The RDA Workbook Learning the Basics of Resource Description and
Access.. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2014.

Status: Published
The most obvious way to identify RDA when looking at a MARC record is that the $e subfield
in the 040 field will specify rda as its cataloging source (Mering 2014). Other clues might be a
lack of abbreviations throughout the record or the presence of the 336, 337, or 338 fields.
Switching over to RDA will be (or has already been) a difficult process for many libraries. They
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have to draft new policies to address the change, factor the change into their budget, educate and
train staff (some of whom may have been cataloging with AACR2 for their entire careers until
now), work out a strategy with their vendors, help patrons adjust, and much more. Libraries that
choose not to transition may get locked out of opportunities to join an integrated system and may
encounter vendor troubles if they decide they will no longer support AACR2 or other cataloging
standards.
Mering, Margaret. The RDA Workbook Learning the Basics of Resource Description and
Access.. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2014.

Status: Published
I think these were really interesting questions to think about. It's important to know the
relationship between FRBR and RDA in order to better understand the functions of each. The
new, user-centered model for cataloging is a major improvement on an outdated standard.

Status: Published
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Assuming theres no language specific cataloger to pass this book off to, I would do an ISBN
search in WorldCat and then import the record.
I would enter the language information in the 041 field using subfield $a because thats the
language the book is actually in and then I would enter the donation information in the 500 field
as a general note.

Status: Published
I think the easiest way to get a quick translation of the title is simply by Google searching the
ISBN, which I did and was returned "Frog" as an answer. The 042 (Language Code) field allows
you to input a controlled MARC language code; 546 (Language Note) lets you put in a textual
note about the language and lack of translation as well. I think that any information relating to its
status as a donation would be found somewhere in the 5XX fields, but I'm not exactly sure which
ones.

Author: Courtney Hanson
Status: Published
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The relationship between FRBR and RDA is FRBR helps build and organize to create RDA. The
FRBR is the entries and then relationships of each of the entries and each attributes to each
entries. This helps organize the bibliographic for the RDA. FRBR influence RDA by making a
flexible and less strict making it more friendly.
RDA is preferred over AARC2 because RDA is less strict and more friendly for patrons and
librarians to use. When using AARC2 there is more strict guidelines, which makes it harder to
when it comes to different kinds of materials that do not fit the normal guidelines.

Post: RE: LEAD QUESTION, Amy
Author: Amy Shope
Status: Published
FRBR is the conceptual model that focuses on the user tasks of finding, identifying, selecting,
and obtaining an item. It uses the entity relationship model whose components are the entities,
the attributes or characteristics of the entities, and the relationships that exist between them.
While FRBR focuses on the concept and explicitly defines the relationships that exist within
bibliographic records, RDA focuses on the content, providing the guidelines or instructions for
each of the RDA elements. By breaking down bibliographic elements into small segments of
data and providing more data elements, RDA strives to be comprehensive, flexible, extensible,
and adaptable. This extensibility and adaptability are important as AACR2 was not flexible
enough to accommodate new formats that we now have available due to changes in
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technology. Another noticeable difference between AACR2 and RDA is that with RDA there
are less punctuation and abbreviations. RDA spells things out making the data more
straightforward and easier to read and ultimately more users friendly.

Author: Brandon Hugo
Status: Published
That is an interesting problem for RDA. Did she say whether her library had a workaround for
getting that information into the online catalog?

Author: Stephen Giles
Status: Published
I would probably begin by conducting a series of searches on the Internet. I would start with
Google and also search in online bookstores with the ISBN number. Once I found the correct
book, I would find a utility online to translate the book's title.
After I compiled the necessary information, I would add some entries or new access points into
the Marc record that would provide the source of the donation and the specific language the book
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was written in. This is important, because you are providing vital information about the original
source and the original languge of an item that can be useful for bibliographical purposes.

Post: RE: Added Question 1, Amy
Author: Amy Shope
Status: Published
RDA records contain an i in the Leader/18 and field 040 $e = rda.
While transitioning to RDA, libraries must train staff on RDA terminology and establish goals
and best practices that make sense for their specific implementation. Communication is an
important part of any transition in the workplace. It is important that staff be included in
discussions concerning the changes and that proper training is provided. The budget must also
be considered as the transition will likely take a great deal of time and effort.

Status: Published
One of the ways an RDA record is identified is by the full titles, instead of abbreviations, In
addition, the access points will include relator terms and codes, and "rda" will appear in MARC
040 fields in authority and bibliographic records.
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When RDA is transitioned into a library, some of the hurdles will include keeping the MARC
system up-to-date, ensuring that the access points are working properly, and that the displayed
information is user-friendly.

Post: RE: Added Question 2, Amy
Author: Amy Shope
Status: Published
As others have mentioned, I would attempt to find the book title translation by supplying the
ISBN and searching LOC, WorldCat, Google Books, or Amazon.
To specify the foreign language, I would use field 041$a, language code. And to indicate that
this copy was a donation, I would use field 037 "source of acquisition". Subfield $n is note. I
think that would be an appropriate place to include the donation information.

Edited Date: June 2, 2014 12:00 AM
Status: Published
Basically, FRBR makes up the framework for RDA. FRBR helps to create connections to items
in a library through the entities, attributes, and relationships which RDA takes advantage of.
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When you look at RDA, some of the syntax has changed from that of AACR2. One of the
aspects of RDA that I prefer over AACR2 is the statement of responsibility, because the user can
view the complete details about the author, editor, and anyone else who is associated with the
creation of the item. It is far more descriptive than using an ellipsiss (...) to describe more
authors.

Post: RE: LEAD QUESTION, Paul
Author: Ashleigh Faith Instructor Manager
Status: Published
Very nice reply. The dreded Ibid use makes me shudder! The use of Ibid. is old-school and now
style manuals instead just repeat the Author name and page or publication year. Just an FYI

Status: Published
No - the current software system we use isn't capable of showing the 336, 337, and 338 fields
(where rda describes the format of the item). It only is able to show the old AACR2 MARC field
245. So until our software is updated with better RDA capability, we're limited to using AACR2
rules for anything other than print.
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Status: Published
Hey Min,
Great job sleuthing for information for this question!
Overall, the distinction will be dictated by your institution. Be that as it may, its always a good
idea to do your own research to look for process/cataloging improvements. I had only limited
experience with donation notation (previously I had used 546 or a 8xx note). After searching,
and calling upon some colleagues at the LOC, I was told 561 is used the most for this sort of
notation. In addition, when recording the field, other standards are used that have more guidance
for donations. Some examples would be DACS, CCO, and RAD.
As far as the logic behind $880: this is a viable option to get around the manifestation issue
found if using the 561 field. This is because, in physicality, the book is a different graphic, or
character, representation of the other other manifestations which have the same "graphics" as the
primary source.
So think of it this way:
Primary source is: Moby Dick by Melville.
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Other manifestations of the primary source: All copies of the exact book (exactly the
same language, edition, publisher etc.). Essentially carbon-copies of the primary
Alternate graphical representation: Exact carbon-copy of the book with the one exception
that it is translated. This means the characters used will be different than the primary or
primary manifestations.
Let me know if you have any more questions or need more clarification

Status: Published
Great job! I like that you found the Tag of the month blog. Its very helpful.

Status: Published
I agree with you. The 246 field should make it easier on all of us and gives us a chance to point
of the foibles of others. It is interesting to be in the field at the advent of RDA. I am looking
forward to seeing the next wave of change once the powers that be realize RDA is not the final
fix for library connectedness. Maybe we can be part of the teams that tackle that one. Nice post.
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Week 9 Discussion Transcripts
Thread: Additional discussion question

Post: Additional discussion question
Status: Published
Briefly describe the similarities and differences between the two types of classification
schemes (week 5 and 9). What can each be used for? May they complement one another?
How so? What contradictions do you find from the descriptions described in the
Accidental Taxonomist and from the LOC?
Think about how taxonomies are used? Why do you think librarians usually get hired as
taxonomists? (this is a fact)
Thread: Mini mandatory assignment

Post: Mini mandatory assignment
Status: Published
Please read: Clinger, C. (2007). EMANATION AND RETURN: ARCHIVE AS LIBERATOR.

Afterimage, 35(3), 36.
Its hard to conceptualize FRBR at first. The FRBR model, even if its not labeled as such, is
also helpful when using/assigning this "other" type of classification.
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New catalogers and classificationists often start off thinking of material components like a
"normal person." As a cataloger, you have to break everything down into very specific
components. This exercise will help you with the classification assignment and cataloging in
general.
Here is a thinking exercise: I have a digital image of a wedding ring.
Is it a ring or a photograph of a ring (what Clinger describes as a metaphor)?
Do I describe the ring characteristics or the photographs characteristics when

classifying/cataloging?
When does the medium for capturing the material become the material (i.e the photo was
taken to catalog a 3D object which no longer exists. Now does the photo become the
representation (metaphor) of that object or is the photograph the object?)
How might a patron understand the material? How would a machine (through the MARC
or metadata record) understand the material? How will you, as the cataloger, translate the
content for both the patron and machine to understand?
It all seems silly on the outset because you may think "well I know its an image and its an image
of a ring." Computers can't logically sort through these distinctions and that is how patrons find
things so you have to be the intermediary between the computer and the patron. How can you get
the computer to "get it" so the patron can find it.
Write out, briefly, how you would go about cataloging and classifying (meaning assigning
taxonomy) this type of item. You can use the questions I have stated as a starting point. This is
only a mental exercise and will only count toward participation.
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Thread: Lead Question

Post: Lead Question
Author: Edward Wolf
Posted Date: July 8, 2014 12:52 PM
Status: Published
What is the difference between a taxonomy and a controlled vocabulary? How would you
decide when it is appropriate to use one and not the other?
Thread: Additional Question

Post: Additional Question
Author: Edward Wolf
Status: Published
Using the resources in this week's module, what challenges do libraries face with taxonomy and
classification? What solutions, if any, can they implement to better organize their collections?

Post: RE: Mini mandatory assignment
Author: Edward Wolf
Status: Published
With the image of the wedding ring, the thing to be catalogued is the photograph of the ring,
not the ring itself. How much does this ring weigh? What are its physical dimensions? What is
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it made of? Other than a superficial description of what the ring looks likeits shape, colouring
and possible unique visual characteristicsthere just isnt enough information in an image to
fully and adequately describe object it presents, and none of the earlier questions can be
answered by looking at a picture of it.
Ultimately, though, the decision on whether the item to be catalogued is the image or the ring
itself depends on the context. Is the cataloguing being done for a photographic archive? Is the
image merely standing in for the actual object, which is housed elsewhere? The context of the
situation is going to inform the details which need described in during the cataloguing process.
And it is the context which will supply the locations where a lot of this information will be
stored. If the object being catalogued is the image, then most likely it will have a specific
material type associated with the record being created. Conversely, if the object being
catalogued is the ring itself, and the photograph is merely a stand-in for the real thing, then the
material type in the items record will reflect that. This information, then, will be what a
machine or a patron reads when they see the record.

Post: Additional Question
Author: Edward Wolf
Status: Published
What are some advantages and disadvantages of tagging in library records?

What specific items in a library can benefit from folksonomies or tagging?
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Author: Amy Shope
Status: Published
I agree with Ed that the item to be classified/cataloged is the photograph and not the ring. Even
with a high quality photograph, the characteristics of the ring such as dimensions, materials, etc.
will not be available which will make it difficult to adequately describe the ring itself. The item
in hand is the photograph which can be accurately described and cataloged.
Even if the photograph was taken to catalog a 3D object, the item currently in hand is the
photograph, not the ring. As a cataloger, I would use the notes and subject fields to provide
access points and describe the ring as best I could in order for the patron to find the photograph
and understand that the item cataloged is a photograph of a ring and not the ring itself.

Posted Date: July 11, 2014 10:54 AM
Status: Published
It depends on what the library owns. Does the library own a ring, and this photograph is a
representation of it? If so, then the ring itself should be cataloged, and the digital photograph can
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serve as an image representing the ring in the catalog. However, if no actual ring exists in the
library, but only the photograph, then the photograph should be cataloged as a digital image.

Post: RE: Additional discussion question
Status: Published
DDC and LOC classifications are used to classify and organize a library. Each item is assigned a
specific call number that can be found by a user. Similar items are categorized in "like"
areas. Some items are difficult to classify because they might deal with several topics. In such a
case, the cataloger needs to make a judgment call as to the primary topic and catalog the item
accordingly. DDC uses only numbers to classify items. LOC uses a mix of letters and numbers
to classify.
Taxonomy utilizes classes, slots, and instances. Each word is carefully chosen according to a set
language. Classes share common attributes, structures, and behaviors. Classes are divided into
subclasses. Instances are the most specific nodes in the taxonomy, that cannot be broken down
any further. Slots distinguish properties and concepts in each class.
Librarians are experts at organization and classfication. These are the most important qualities
of a taxonomist.

Post: RE: Lead Question
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Status: Published
Taxonomy makes use of controlled vocabularies, but includes more. A taxonomy collects the
controlled vocabulary terms and organizes them heirarchically. Every term in the taxonomy has
a relationship to the other terms (such as broader or narrower).

Post: RE: Additional Question
Status: Published
Public tagging gives the public more control over library records. A disadvantage is that some
people will abuse this power and tag obscene or derogatory words, or mistakenly tag a word not
at all related to the item. Tags make it easy to maneuver to other items that the public may see as
similar. Books and DVDs benefit from tagging. For example, someone may choose to tag all
the "Amish romances" they've read as "Amish romance." These are cataloged as "Fiction" in the
library where I work. Assigning the tag "Amish romance" is more specific and can allow other
users to quickly navigate to other Amish romances in the collection.

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Status: Published
Public tagging gives the public more control over library records. A disadvantage is that some
people will abuse this power and tag obscene or derogatory words, or mistakenly tag a word not
at all related to the item. Tags make it easy to maneuver to other items that the public may see as
similar. Books and DVDs benefit from tagging. For example, someone may choose to tag all
the "Amish romances" they've read as "Amish romance." These are cataloged as "Fiction" in the
library where I work. Assigning the tag "Amish romance" is more specific and can allow other
users to quickly navigate to other Amish romances in the collection.

Status: Published
A controlled vocabulary is an authoritative list of terms to be used to ensure consistent indexing.
Controlled vocabularies are used more for authorities and dont necessarily have structure or
show relationships between terms. Some controlled vocabularies use synonyms and SEE
references to point to a preferred term, however. Taxonomies, on the other hand, are a specific
kind of controlled vocabulary with a hierarchical structure. Taxonomies show relationships
between terms such as broader/narrower. Organized in a tree structure, terms within a taxonomy
can be repeated at different branches. You would need to consider the size and contents of
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your collection of resources and the degree to which you want to describe and classify them in
order to choose which would be appropriate.
Status: Published
The Library of Congresss PowerPoint Knowledge Organization: Library Tools and
Taxonomies for the Web identifies several challenges libraries face when creating taxonomies.
Perhaps the biggest challenge libraries must face is the cost of creating a taxonomy for the first
time. There are also issues of finding commonalities across multiple taxonomies as well as
ensuring the integrity of taxonomies through ongoing revision and maintenance. Libraries can
solve some of these problems by undertaking careful planning before creating or implementing a
new taxonomy. To be truly effective at organizing collections, taxonomies must be well thought
out and complete.

Status: Published
Tagging allows users to add descriptive keywords that are the most meaningful to themselves.
However, these descriptive keywords may only be meaningful to the person who added them
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rather than to a variety of people. Therefore, there may be a ton of different tags describing the
same resource inhibiting accurate searching.
Items in a library that would most benefit from tagging or folksonomies are, in my opinion,
photographs. Photographs can be quite difficult to describe, but this process could be greatly
aided by allowing users to collectively create a description. I do, however, think libraries need to
be cautious when allowing this and monitor additions.

Status: Published
I think Ed makes a great point that the decision of how to catalog an item depends on the
situation. Does the institution cataloging the item have both a photograph of the ring and the
actual ring? Is it the case that a museum is cataloging the ring and using the photograph as a
digital representation of it? Or, is it the case that the institution only has a paper photograph?
In the case that an institution is cataloging the physical ring and using a digital photograph in
order to represent the object online, its the characteristics of the ring that should be cataloged.
(If you actually have a ring that you can discern characteristics from).The photograph is merely
an online representation of the ring and not truly an item in itself. However, the record should
also contain information about the digital photograph as well (file format, size, etc.).
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On the other hand, if an institution only has a photograph of the ring and wants to create a record
for it, I would have to say that the item being catalogued is merely the photograph. In these
situations the catalog record should predominately record the characteristics of the photograph
(dimensions, description, material, etc). If the institution doesnt have the ring, they dont want
to mislead the user. The institution needs to represent what they actually hold, a photograph.
However, I believe that some metadata concerning the physical ring could also be included in the
record as well. Perhaps another institution holds the ring or perhaps the ring no longer exists.
This is information that should be noted in the record.
Another possibility, if an institution has a photograph and the actual ring, is to catalog both and
cross reference records for each. The most important thing is that the user understand what an
institutions holdings actually are.

Status: Published
The classification schemes of week 5, Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and Library of
Congress Classification(LCC), are different from the taxonomies of week 9. DDC and LCC are
alphanumeric codes that help users locate physical library materials. Only one Dewey Decimal
call number and/or Library of Congress call number is assigned to an item in a collection and no
two items have the same assigned call number. In contrast, the taxonomies were learning about
in week 9 are descriptive words or phrases assigned to (typically digital) materials. Multiple
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terms can be assigned to an item in order to help users identify the content of the item. However,
both classification schemes are important in aiding users in finding information. Both DDC/LCC
and taxonomies can work together to help users locate information. For example, Subject
Headings can be considered a taxonomy and most users usually begin looking for information by
searching by subject. Once the user finds items with the particular subject theyre looking for,
then they can use the call number to locate the physical item.
I thought that the description of the differences between the classification schemes was presented
much better in the Accidental Taxonomist blog. It was short and to the point, but also more
descriptive than the LOC slides (which I had some trouble understanding without slide
notes).Overall, LOC didnt seem to identify the differences between the two, but instead
introduce the concept of taxonomies and their importance. LOC also seemed to take a more
negative tone toward taxonomies than the Accidental Taxonomist.
Taxonomies are becoming increasingly important in the digital world of today in contrast to
classification and cataloging systems. Many companies are converting or mapping their old
classification systems to taxonomies. Additionally, because taxonomies are constantly evolving,
they need continual maintenance. There are more jobs available for librarians to work as
taxonomists rather than catalogers and librarians are in a key position to do these jobs because
they already have basic, transferable skills related to classification in general.

Author: Min Wang
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Status: Published
My perspective on this assignment, based on the following assumption, if a library/archive was

to classify and catalog a wedding ring, this wedding ring must have some sort of significance or
of interest to merit the inclusion of the photograph into the library/archive. Base on this
assumption, I would describe the object of the picture, the wedding ring.
For example I would describe The Pacha Diamond as depicted on the Cartier website.
1. I would ask, why someone would want to look up this wedding ring and conduct a
research on the wedding ring.
2. I would list the attributes of this wedding ring that makes this ring of interest.
3. Accession information on the wedding ring, if available.
4. Access point:
The Pacha Diamond
Sultan of Egypt
Ibrahim Pacha
Barbara Hutton
Cartier
New York Jewlers
Biggest round-cut diamond
5. Provide link to additional reference resources, Cartier website.
Notes: In 1848 the Sultan of Egypt, Ibrahim Pacha, acquired a stone with mysterious origins: a
diamond of almost 40 carats with a loosely octagonal shape.
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For a long time the stone disappeared from view then suddenly re-emerged, acquired by Barbara
Hutton, the Woolworth heiress.
But its shape was not to her taste and she asked Cartier to re-cut it. The diamond then weighed
38.19 carats and, mounted on a ring, it accompanied her wherever she went, from Palm Beach to
Monte-Carlo, from India to Morocco.
In the 1980s the Pacha diamond was acquired by a New York jeweler and re-cut again. Today it
is the biggest round-cut diamond ever recorded, weighing 36.22 carats, and is owned by a private
collector.

Author: Min Wang
Status: Published
Taxonomy organizes terms and vocabularies into a hierarchical structural with explicit
relationships, and encompasses the control vocabularies. The control vocabulary is a selected
list of words and phrases which are used to tag units of information so that they may be more
easily retrieved by a query search.
Author: Min Wang
Status: Published
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Both DDC and LCC is a classification system libraries use to organize and locate
resources. DDC call numbers is based on ten classes (000 through 900), each divided into ten
divisions, and each having ten sections. LCC has 21 classes (A through Z, excluding I, O, W, X
and Y).
Taxonomy is a controlled vocabulary with a hierarchical structure of classes, slots, and

instances. Terms within taxonomy have relations to other terms with the
taxonomy. Taxonomies are often displayed as a tree structure. Terms within taxonomy are often
called nodes. A node may be repeated at more than one place within the taxonomy if it has
multiple broader terms, and is referred to as a polyhierarchy.
Taxonomies are increasingly utilized in the digital world for tagging materials because of its ease
of creation and use, and for its adaptability to the dynamic web environment. This is an area in
which a taxonomist with classification and cataloging knowledge can be very productive in the
new digital world.

Author: Min Wang
Status: Published
Some of the challenges are information management across divisions and cost of building
taxonomies and finding common ground across multiple taxonomies or schemas with similar
terms and different meanings. Among other solutions, I believe the mapping of standard
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information between metadata schemas, such as, Dublin Core and Metadata Object Description
Schema (MODS) and the use of existing taxonomies in the target discipline and subject area. The
key is the utilization of standardized uniform accepted standards wherever possible.

Author: Min Wang
Status: Published
The advantage of tagging is it is easy to create; tagging can be manually or automatically

assigned to contents, and social tagging. The disadvantage of tagging is the informality or
arbitrariness selection of terms by which leading to impreciseness and unpredictability of search
results. By using folksonomies, you can discover new and more current digital content due to its
ability to be updated immediately.

Status: Published
Very nice Min. I would say though, that often the choice of significance is not the catalogers. I
get these requests from directors and sometimes its a political move to make a funding donor
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happy or something. If that is the case, you do it even if its not significant. That is an unhappy
situation but libraries are in need of funding so you tend to do what it takes to secure it.

Edited Date: July 12, 2014 7:00 AM
Status: Published
Nice job to those who picked up on this! This example is from a situation where the image is a
representation of the physical object the library (in in this case the museum) owns. There are a
lot of situations like this that pop up in libraries.

Post: RE: Lead Question-SPOILER of answer
Status: Published
In libraries, a controlled vocabulary usually (but not always) means subject headings. Outside
libraries, controlled vocabularies and taxonomies are basically the same thing and are often used
interchangeably. In a bibliographic library record, you can use subject headings or
taxonomies/controlled vocabularies like MeSH, Metathesaurus, or one you have created (like we
are doing in our classification assignment). A good way to decide when to use one in a typical
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library is: 1. what does your library usually use? 2. Check the 6xx field second indicators to see
what vocabularies are typically used in libraries 3. Check subject headings to see if there are
terms that would apply to your content 4. If nothing fits use a taxonomy. Usually nontraditional
libraries, such as corporate libraries, special libraries, or museums, use some taxonomy whether
its one they created or one from a source like the Ghetty.

Status: Published
A typical library will usually use only taxonomies (controlled vocabularies) that are used by a lot
of other libraries; like the ones in the 6xx second indicators. Outside the typical library, libraries
pay HUGE amounts of money to companies to make them a taxonomy that fits their content.
This is silly because the folks in these companies that make the taxonomies are computer people
and don't know much about cataloging. Libraries do this because they don't know how to make a
taxonomy, what standards to use, and the time to make it. So what some places do, instead of
paying a company, they hire a librarian to make one for them as a project. This is a great
opportunity for a cataloger to get some paid experience and then move on.

Author: Min Wang
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Status: Published
Hi Ashleigh, I agree. It is not the catalogers choice. If that is not the case, I believe anything we
catalog must serve its purpose. In stores, such as Amazon, Costco, Macys, and etc., they digitize
the goods on their webs, but what they cataloged is the original item, which serves the purpose to
sell. In local history library or museum, some of them digitize and launch their item pictures to
Flickr, which serves the purpose for patrons to retrieve.
One of these examples, when I cataloged map in a museum, I took a picture of the map,
digitalized the original item (map), and the picture just representing the map, which serves as an
index for patrons to locate the item easier, to preserve it better, and dont have to take the
original map every time when needed. Thus, I created the original items bibliographic record,
such as creator, object ID, object name, accession number, location, condition, general
description notes, its size, format, acquisition record, create date, scope, content/abstract,
publisher, publish place, publish date, size, medium, scale, and etc.. Through the achieve
management to maintain the bibliographic database for patron needs. For example,
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Post: Paul's response

Status: Published
With the image of the ring it seems we are talking about an essence of something. If I have
George Washingtons hatchet and I replace the handle of it. Then I give it to my daughter telling
her what it is and she replaces the head of it is it still George Washingtons hatchet?
In cataloging the image of a wedding ring we must capture the essence of it at all levels in order
for the computer to retrieve information about it when someone performs a search for it. The
goal would be to capture all the information about the ring and the photograph and assure the
computer distinguishes them as separate items and as the same item. Both as an image of a
wedding ring, just an image and a wedding ring that happens to be an image. This is done by
developing a taxonomy that encompasses all these facets and developing a way to connect
them. The size of the picture, what kind of paper it is on, who took it and if it is color or balck
and white would need to be determined. The ring would need to be described including: size,
any engravings, what it is made of, who made it, what it is resting on, who did it belong to and
any other information that could be gathered about it. This information would need to be
organized into a collection of information i.e. a taxonomy. This is where I would start to build
the taxonomy it is not done but it would be the launching point.
Wedding Ring
Photograph
Ring
Taxonomy
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picture
LIS 2405
Wedding
ring
Photo
Wedding
Band
snapshot
band
image
finger
bracelet
likeness
circlet
still
snap
shot
print
Bibliography
Stewart, Darin L. 2011. Building enterprise taxonomies: a controlled vocabulary primer 2nd
edition. San Bernardino, CA. Mokita Press.

Status: Published
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Linnaean taxonomy is what we learned in biology as a classification hierarchy. In the library

setting it is similar; it has categories and subcategories but can also be a thesaurus of words. It is
used to assist in controlling data in a metadata schema. A controlled vocabulary is specific list of
words and definitions chosen to represent something. They are used in subject heading and
bibliographic records.

Status: Published
As in any organization the challenges are budget and maintenance. Once a taxonomy is designed
which is not cheap it must be maintained. The maintenance requires hours of work that also
comes with costs. A library can borrow taxonomies that already exist and attempt to update
them as infrequently as possible. Libraries can also use interns from MLIS schools to assist
them with their classification issues. I would not be one of them they should call.

Status: Published
Tagging is one person labels something folksonomy is when a large group of people do the same
thing. Once a large group of tags is collected it is called a tag cloud. Using the folksonomy
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approach takes the taxonomy out of the hands of the library and gives it to the public. The
advantage is the library does not use the database like the public does therefore it could become
more user friendly. The other side of that argument is if the public is a group of crazy people
they could create a folksonomy that makes no sense. This includes misspellings, lack of
consistency, using partial sentences, using different languages and even numbers and
punctuation. This could cause chaos in the schema and then nothing would be searchable.
Author: Amy Shope
Status: Published
The DDC and LCC classification schemes discussed in Week 5 are based on alpha-numeric
codes and used primarily for books, documents, and other materials to specify the physical
location of items in the collection. Each item can only have one physical location and is
assigned just one classification code.
The taxonomies discussed in Week 9 are used to describe the items in the collection and multiple
terms such as multiple subject headings may apply to each item. The Accidental Taxonomist
reports that taxonomies are used primarily in online/digital space for articles, images, and
electronic files. LOC reports that taxonomies are used in customized search engines and
interface web portals and also mentions that controlled vocabulary and thesauri are crucial in
creating metadata to identify resources in a collection.
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Classification and taxonomies can and do co-exist. Classification schemas help users find where
items are located in the collection while taxonomies describe the items to ensure users can
identify the item that they need. Librarians have experience at classifying, organizing, and
retrieving information and can use those skills in creating taxonomies to adequately describe and
identify items in a collection for its users.

Author: Amy Shope
Status: Published
A controlled vocabulary is a list of unambiguous and non-redundant terms which have been
authorized as the appropriate and preferred terms to use. A taxonomy is a collection of
controlled vocabulary terms organized into a hierarchical structure. Each term in a taxonomy is
in a relationship to other terms in the taxonomy such as broader or narrower terms.
The controlled vocabulary allows us to find like items because they are all assigned the preferred
term while the hierarchical structure of the taxonomy helps us to narrow or broaden our search to
find items that may be related or of interest.

Author: Amy Shope
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Some of the challenges with taxonomy and classification include the cost of building a
taxonomy, finding common ground across multiple taxonomies with similar terms and different
meanings, and ensuring the integrity of the taxonomy with ongoing maintenance.
Some recommendations are to seek out existing taxonomies in the appropriate subject area and
either uses the existing taxonomy or build upon it, document best practices while creating the
taxonomy, and maintain and update the taxonomy continually.

Author: Amy Shope
Status: Published
A tag is a keyword added to an item that need only be meaningful to the individual creating them
whereas formal metadata should be consistent and meaningful to the entire community. An
advantage of tagging is that the keywords are easily created and supplied directly by creators and
users. But because it is so easy to create a tag, there is sure to be a wide variety of similar terms
and less consistency in the labeling of items in the collection. The most popular tags also tend to
be the more general terms which may make searching for an item more difficult in terms of
findability. Items that may benefit from tagging are typically photographs and perhaps other
images in a collection such as artwork or maps.

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Status: Published
Controlled vocabulary is a list of terms used to search using key words linking to results.
Taxonomy is more of a hierarchy system where terms fall under other terms and can be used
more than once. This helps relate one term to another term. This helps when organization
information link information to each other.

Status: Published
I would say that all taxonomies are controlled vocabularies but not all controlled vocabularies are
necessarily taxonomies. Controlled vocabularies are lists of terms that have been selected for
use. Selection of the terms in a controlled vocabulary is designed to cut down on ambiguity
between users and resources. Taxonomies make use of controlled vocabularies but also add a
hierarchical structure, comprising broader and narrower terms for each concept being described.
An example of this could be Animal-Dog-Golden Retriever, where dog is a type of animal and
golden retriever is a type of dog.
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Status: Published
The digital image of a wedding ring would be considered a photograph of a ring and not just a
ring. This is important when it comes to cataloging because it would be cataloged as if it was a
photo of a ring so more like it is two different objects being cataloged as one. When cataloging
the photograph of the ring there would be a description on both the picture and the ring and if the
ring is the main focus then the discerption should main focuses on the ring. The ring cannot be
cataloged by its self because the ring is not the physical object that is at hand therefore there is
information about the physical ring that cannot be known unless the physical right was there.

Status: Published
I also agree with Ed that what needs to be cataloged here is the photograph rather than the ring
itself. He makes a good point about how by looking at the photograph we can only get the most
superficial qualities of the ring and that none of its physical dimensions properties can be
ascertained from the photograph itself. Again, I agree with others who have said that context for
cataloging the item is important. If the photograph is just a stand in for the real ring, which is
owned, I would be more likely to describe it as the ring but if the library does not have access to
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the ring then I would probably catalog and describe the photograph itself, rather than the object it
is depicting.

Status: Published
Art and photography are often up for interpretation; these types of content are not as
straightforward as a monograph or manuscript. According to the author of the article,
photographs are never metaphorical (Clinger 2007, 36). These records therefor should be
cataloged based on the subject. With that being said, a ring and should be classified using
characteristics of the object itself rather than the medium. As a cataloger however, I think that
the media should definitely be included within the record details. The Library of Congress site
includes sample cataloging elements that should be entered for photographs. This include dates,
location, photographer(s), dimensions, and any other identifying attributes. Looking at the LoC
example, another important aspect are the rights, which establish if the content can be
reproduced or distributed elsewhere. This is significant since we live in an age where
photography can go viral with or without the artist's permission. The example listed in the
Library of Congress site-which was an image of Sojourner Truth- used subject headings within
the record. African Americans-History and Civil Rights were among the keywords denoted in the
access point field. For the photograph of the ring, I think that it should be cataloged using:
Decorative Arts-Jewelry-Ring-Wedding Rings. Another way that the image could be classified is
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using the medium of the jewelry. The Library of Congress database includes subject headings
for materials such as bronze, silver, and gold.
Clinger, Catherine. 2007. "Emanation and Return: Archive as Liberator." Afterimage

35:36. Accessed July 8, 2014.
The Library of Congress. 2004. "Common and Useful Information Elements for
Cataloging Pictorial Materials." Accessed July 13.
http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/tp/Common%20Information%20Elements.pdf.

Status: Published
Some of the larger problems facing libraries when it comes to taxonomies and classification are
building, managing, and maintaining a working taxonomy; especially across multiple different
taxonomies, which may have similar terms that mean different things. One solution to this is to
use already existing taxonomies that have already proven effective in a different library or
system and adapt it to meet the librarys needs.

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Tagging in libraries has the advantage of allowing the users to help describe items in terms that
are relevant to them. Tagging can help crowd source terms and lead terms that are more relatable
to the most users. The big problem with regards to tagging is the loss of control when compared
to a library controlled taxonomy, making items harder to search for because of the lack of a
controlled vocabulary. I think using tagging as a separate searchable term for materials in
addition to traditional cataloging for each item may be the most beneficial way to use tagging,
although I am not sure how feasible it is.

Status: Published
While both the classification schemes in weeks 5 and 9 are about organizing resources they go
about it in different ways. Both DDC and LCC use codes of numbers and letters to organize each
item and its place with other items in a collection. Taxonomies are more about using a controlled
vocabulary to classify and describe items in a collection. Taxonomies are arranged in
polyhierarchical structures, where terms are placed in a hierarchy of broader and narrower terms.
The arrangement is polyhierarchical because many terms can fit into multiple hierarchies,
meaning that some terms can have multiple parent terms and also share narrower terms. Because
of librarians knowledge and use of controlled vocabularies they can be hired on as taxonomists.
A librarians skillset is closely aligned with the types of skills needed for creating a taxonomy.
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Status: Published
Dewey Decimal and Library of Congress classifications are standards where letters and
numbers correlate to various subject matter. Several students mentioned the term hierarchies
with regard to taxonomies. In this instance, there are different branches and subsets in which
library material is categorized. I think that librarians are hired as taxonomists because they have
to be knowledgeable about what content fits into which category. Librarians have to create and
edit systems based on classifications so that information is easy to retrieve for patrons.
Furthermore with taxonomy in libraries, users can be led other pertinent material.

Status: Published
As others have said, it really depends on the purpose of storing the image and making it
retrievable. One must ask whether it is the image itself that is being preserved, or whether it is
information about another object. If it is the former, it makes a lot of sense to have information
about the image with access points that patrons can follow for more information. If it is the latter,
it would be prudent to include the dimensions of the ring, weight, etc. as this is the information
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patrons are seeking. That being said, it is probably a good idea to record information about the
image in the latter example, as well. This type of information could prove useful should the piece
go missing at some point, and that digital image is the last picture to have been taken of the
object.
Status: Published
Taxonomies and controlled vocabularies are linked, but they are not quite the same thing.
Whereas a controlled vocabulary is essentially a thesaurus of terms used in classification, a
taxonomy takes those terms and basically says what a cataloger can do with them. As others
have stated, it sets up a hierarchy and orders the terms in a reasonable manner.
Status: Published
One of the major challenges facing libraries today is interoperability among standards. Often
institutions are using a variety of content types and delivery systems, each with their own ways
of organizing things. This is especially true of university libraries, which often have access to a
number of different platforms, in addition to their online catalog. Not only do they have to deal
with the changes from AACR2 to RDA, but they also have to make sure the other subject
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headings make sense to their user population. In addition, when building a discovery layer, it can
be a challenge to make the system able to best find the right materials, when the classification
systems are all slightly different.
Author: Donglin Ge
Status: Published
I also agree with Ed that the photo should be cataloged. And as other classmates emphasized the
context situation is important for catalogers when describe the details. When the photo is a kind
of art work or an object of the collection we are working on, the photo will be more meaningful f
or the patrons than the ring. Patrons might care about the photographer, the dimensions of the ph
otos, the horizontal and vertical resolution and the time the photo was taken. We can give them a
ll the necessary details we described and stored in the machine. Basically, the cataloging work de
pends on what kind of patrons we are serving.
When the ring itself are important for our patrons the photo is representing it, on a website like
Min mentioned Amazons or museums websites, I will cataloging the characteristics of the ring
and make the patrons access the photo of the ring by searching the details of the ring unless the p
hoto itself is a merchandise. The medium of object and other format information should be recor
ded when I cataloging but it wont be shown to the patrons because they dont need them.

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Status: Published
There are several advantages and disadvantages of social tagging in library catalogs. One of the
advantages is that it has the potential to make things more easily retrievable for the lay person. It
can also provide for quicker adaptation to changing word choice. Some of the disadvantages
include problems with spelling errors and application of terms that are not specific enough, or
may be a bad choice, as they have multiple meanings. There is also the issue of people randomly
tagging things for fun or because they have a specific agenda. Political literature, for example,
might suffer from this latter concern. However, there are some materials that might benefit from
this type of tagging. Scientific texts might be more accessible to the public if they are tagged
with less specialized terms. In addition, things about queer theory, disability studies or fandom
studies, as some examples, could benefit, as they are either constantly evolving new terms or
they are relatively new fields of study.
Status: Published
It seems that the classification systems such as DDC and LCC differ from taxonomies in the
ways they are expected to be used. DDC and LCC are primarily about finding something in
physical locations, whereas taxonomies seem to be more associated with making digital objects
more accessible. DDC and LCC are based on alpha-numeric codes to locate materials.
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Taxonomies, on the other hand, use a series of terms and their relationships with other terms to
make documents accessible and also allow users to find further information through searching
terms in a hierarchy. One may be able to locate more information about a particular subject using
DDC or LCC, but it is usually by going to the location of an item and looking at the things
around it. However, these are both classification systems, which is probably why librarians get
hired as taxonomists. It requires a keen sense of categorization and an idea of how objects should
best be describe in order to make them more easily discoverable. In addition, they are already
familiar with established classification systems, and likely have opinions on how they can be
changed or improved to provide better access to patrons/clients.
Status: Published
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Post: RE: Mini mandatory assignment (revised post, computer issues)
Status: Published
I agree with those who have said that the characteristics of the ring and the digital image should
be cataloged. However, there will probably be more information about the image than the ring
itself. Since we do not physically have the ring, we must rely only on the information that is
available at that time. I would begin by using the correct controlled vocabulary for the ring so
that it would be easier for the user to locate the image. Then, I would list as many physical
characteristics that I could think of that pertained to the ring. I would also mention about the
medium of the digital image. Properties such as the size, format, date of digitization, creator,
and etc. would be essential for the image data. If the image was used to just showcase the digital
attributes of the image, then I believe that the digital image becomes the representation (or
metaphor).
I also think the best way to make this image available to the patrons is by somehow creating two
sets of data for the image. One set of data would deal with the physical characteristics about the
ring and another set would deal with the technical aspects of the image. To me, this would be an
effective way to interpret the information for the patron and the computer to understand.

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Status: Published
You make a great point that controlled vocabularies can be used as starting point for research
while taxonomies help to refine a topic. I hadn't thought of the relationship between the two in
this way initially.

Status: Published
Controlled vocabularies also usually have codes. The taxonomy I use has a code for every term.
This is how the terms are assigned in a machine readable format in something called a CMS
(content management system).

Status: Published
Yep! This is how a lot of repositories have to represent their collections -even retailers.
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Post: RE: Paul's response

Status: Published
Great response Paul! This is exactly the mindset you should have for classification.

Post: RE: Mini mandatory assignment (revised post, computer issues)
Status: Published
That is a good point Steve. As long as both sets of data were clearly identified and linked.

Status: Published
If you know any teachers they will also think of Blooms teaching taxonomy if you mention the
word.

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Status: Published
Its not cheap to hire a company to make one for you. With the skills you are learning here and
re-reading Stewart's book and picking up on a few blogs, you can be the person to MAKE the
taxonomy. Make you a valuable commodity for an employer.

Status: Published
100% agree

Author: Min Wang
Status: Published
It seems very simple. It is the object or subject that people are interested in not the picture. It is
the picture OF. If the people are not interested in the object, they will not pay attention to the
picture.
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Interview Questions and Transcript145

Chapter 2 Course Resources

Week 3 Discussion Transcripts

Thread: LEAD QUESTION

Author: Min Wang

Thread: Added Question 1

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There are two ways to identify an RDA record:

1) Leader/18 contains an "i" value

2) Field 040 subfield E contains "rda"

Thread: Added Question 2

Thread: Added Question 1

Edited Date: May 30, 2014 4:15 AM

264 instead of 260

What hurdles will libraries face while transitioning to RDA?

Thread: LEAD QUESTION

The relationship between FRBR and RDA

FRBR helps influence the design of the RDA

The aspects of RDA that is preferable to AACR2

Library of Congress. 2010. FRBR Overview and Application: Understanding Conceptual

Thread: Added Question 2

http://www.alibris.com/search/books/isbn/9789861735900. And then I will know what subject

008/35-37 Fixed-Length Data Elements / Language

040 $b Cataloging Source / Language of cataloging

041 Language Code

242 $y Translation of Title by Cataloging Agency / Language code of translated title

775 $e Other Edition Entry / Language code

Also the following fields can be used:

246-Varying form of title

936-parallel in a different language.

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Schiff, Adam. "Changes from AACR2 to RDA: A Comparison of Examples". BCLA.

TLA. 2013. "RDA for Catalogers".

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008/35-37 Fixed-Length Data Elements / Language

041 Language Code

242y Translation of Title by Cataloging Agency / Language code of translated title

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