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= vo sin(mt) + x0 cos(mt)
lV
where x(t) is the position of the object along the number line at timet. The other
quantities are constants: m is a constant that depends on the stiffness of the spring and
the mass of the weight, v0 is the initial velocity, and x0 is the initial position of the object.
l'l-t)
;, ( o~ "2-k)
2) Graph the separate sine and cosine components of your function from (1) on the same
set of axes. That is graph x1 = vo sin(mt) and x2
U)
-1
-s
3) Use a graphing calculator (or online graphing utility) to graph the entire function from
part (1). Use the window settings indicated below. Sketch what you see on your
calculator display.
xmin = 0
xmax = 2TC
xscl = f
ymin = -5
ymax= 5
yscl = 1
_,
-5
4) Write an equation for your calculator graph in the form x(t) = Acos[B(t- C)] . (Use
the trace or maximum feature of your graphing utility to help you find values for A, B,
and C. I expect to see decimal approximations for these values.)
~:.t
c_:. 0.)
y (+y-
5) How are the graphs from part 2) related to the graph in part 3)? Are the values for
period and amplitude the same or different? Why do you think we see these results?
Please write out your explanation using complete sentences.
\~e.
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Part II:
6) Prove that the following is an identity (A is a positive constant) by filling in the blanks
below.
A sin sin( cut)+ Acoscos(mt) =A cos( cut-)
J Asinsin(mt)+Acoscos(mt)
.
-
11 ... ~
t..{..i
Commutative Property of
Addition
Commutative Property of
Multiplication
Difference identity for
cosine
Part III:
Rewrite an expression of the form
::1--
Acos(mt-). Use the following definitions and your result from part II:
G)
c1 = A
sin~ sin= ~
c
c2 = A cos ~ cos = _1..
tan=~
2
~-~~--A~-~...d
IA=~C12 +cd
~
~ry
/'
r-1.
YJ
c~
{)
C vis'V&Jt ~-\N,\.u'
c_l
V\:l.Q_St ~01:L'\V,~
C., t_." M~
\ ) .oo..
~oss \'o\j
'1\.9._3~~
A, is the amplitude of the cosine function and , "phi", is called the phase angle and is
measured in radians.
. . 11
Pt -= ~ c1.)'l.+ ( ~v-
~4
~
A~
tW\
';t{S
~-=:. ~:: ~
)i =- i..ru\ \ ('L)
~ \ . \ d-
'l'
\i0 RruJ-, ~
VV'O
ch_ ~0
7) Rewrite your function from part 1) in terms of a cosine function: A cos( wt- ) . Show
your work.
2 ~~V\ 2-\::
-l-- ~( o<.;.L
-=- l:;; l
~~- ~)-~
-::..
tr..
11
o.c:;~
8) Compare your function from part 4) and part 7). What do you observe? Write a one or
two sentence explanation.
\~~t~vt ~Q
S \vv- ~h \-t~
\:
v~ - \) 't:;'l' .