Peer Acquaintance - NS

Instructor - NS

(graph 1)

(graph 2)

250

Library

200

Repair Shop

150

Academic

100

unreliable car

50
Hedged

Indirect

200
Restaurant

150

Bookstore

100

Illness

50

library

0
Direct

Nothing

Hedged

Indirect

Nothing

Peer Acquaintance - Ch

Instructor - Ch

(graph 3)

(graph 4)

250
(accumulated)

the number of people

0
Direct

the number of ppl

250

200

200

Library

150

Repair Shop

100

Academic

50

unreliable car

0
Direct

Hedged

Indirect

Nothing

the number of ppl

The number of ppl

300

150

Restaurant
Bookstore

100

Illness

50
0
Direct

library
Hedged

Indirect

Nothing

These graphs show that the different type advice between native speaker of English and the Chinese. First of all, The two graphs of

native speaker shows the that they use indirect advice is prevailing. Compared to the frequent use of indirect advice and nothing, the frequency of
direct and hedged advice are relatively low no matter where it is, who they are talking to. (graph 1,2 ) Compare to the native speaker, the frequency
of the use of indirect was low. The usage frequency of hedged advice was prominent among the four types of the advice. In my opinion, this result is
affected by their culture. The culture of the English speaker is usually the one which is dominated by the individualism. Therefore, giving a straight
advice including their private opinion is a kind of impolite attitude; unless they are ask to give an advice. Instead, they are likely to give an advice only
with information so that the decision can be made with the listeners themselves.