1.

Which of the cellular components can only be found in plant cells?

Antara komponen sel berikut, yang manakah hanya boleh dijumpai di dalam sel
tumbuhan?
A
B
C
D

2.

Which of the following structures is found in both animal and plant cells?
Manakah antara berikut struktur yang terdapat pada sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan?
A
B
C
D

3.

Mitchondrion / mitokondria
Nucleus / nukleus
Cell wall / dinding sel
Cytoplasm / sitoplasma

Plasma membrane / Membrane plasma

Chloroplast / Kloroplas
Cell wall / Dinding sel
Cell sap /Sap sel

The diagram shows a model of the plasma membrane.

Rajah menunjukkan model membran plasma.
X

What is X?
Apakah X?
A
B
C
D

Cholesterol / kolesterol
Phospholipid / fosfolipid
Pore protein / protein liang
Carrier protein / protein pembawa

4.

The diagram shows a Paramecium sp.

Rajah menunjukkan Paramecium sp.

What is the process involved in the gaseous exchange as shown in the above
diagram?
Apakah proses yang terlibat dalam pertukaran gas seperti pada rajah di atas?
A
B
C
D
5.

Osmosis / osmosis
Diffusion / resapan
Active transport / pengangkutan aktif
Facilitated diffusion / resapan berbantu

The diagram shows the mechanism of an enzyme reaction.

Rajah menunjukkan mekanisma tindak balas enzim.

What is L?
Apakah L?
A
B
C
D

Enzyme / enzim
Product / produk
Substrate / substrat
Enzyme-substrate complex / kompleks enzim-substrat

An experiment was set up to investigate the effect of salivary amylase on starch, as in

the diagram.
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan amilase liur ke atas kanji,
seperti dalam rajah.

At which temperature can X, a reducing sugar, be detected the fastest after one
minute?
Pada suhu manakah X, sejenis gula penurun, paling cepat dikesan selepas satu minit?
A
B
C
D
7.

10 oC
25 oC
35 oC
50 oC

Which of the following is the inorganic compound in the cell?

Manakah antara berikut merupakan sebatian tak organik di dalam sel?
A
B
C
D

Proteins / Protein
Lipids / Lipid
Water / Air
Nucleic acid / Asid nukleik

The diagram shows a cell cycle.

Rajah menunjukkan kitaran sel.

What is stage Y?
Apakah peringkat Y?
A
B
C
D
9

Interphase / interfasa
Telophase / telofasa
Cytokinesis / sitokinesis
Cell division / pembahagian sel

The following information refers to macronutrients in plants.

Maklumat berikut merujuk kepada makronutrien di dalam tumbuhan.

The above information refers to

Maklumat di atas merujuk kepada
A
B
C
D

sulphur /sulfur
calcium /kalsium
nitrogen / nitrogen
magnesium / magnesium

10.

Table 1 below shows the percentages of food content for four type of foods, P, Q,
R and S.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan peratus kandungan makanan bagi empat jenis
makanan P, Q, R dan S.

Table 1
Which food will supply the most energy, if the food is taken in the same quantity?
Makanan manakah akan membekalkan tenaga paling tinggi, jika diambil dalam kuantiti
yang sama?
A
B
C
D
11

P
Q
R
S

Which of the following elements is required by plants for the manufacturing amino
acids?
Manakah antara elemen berikut adalah diperlukan oleh tumbuhan bagi membina asid
amino ?
A
B
C
D

Nitrogen / Nitrogen
Magnesium / Magnesium
Phosphorus / Fosforus
Manganese / Manganese

12 The following information shows the relationship between the processes of

photosynthesis and cell respiration.
Maklumat berikut menunjukkan hubungan antara proses fotosintesis dan
respirasi sel.

Which of the following is represented by X and Y?

Manakah antara berikut yang menunjukkan X dan Y?

13

The vitamin that functions as a coenzyme in cell respiration is

Vitamin yang berfungsi sebagai koenzim di dalam respirasi sel ialah
A
B
C
D

vitamin A
vitamin B
vitamin C
vitamin K

14

15

Which of the following are the abiotic factors of an ecosystem?

Antara berikut yang manakah merupakan factor abiotik suatu ekosistem?
I
II
III
IV

Topography / topografi
Light intensity / keamatan cahaya
Producers / pengeluar
Temperature / suhu

A
B
C
D

I and III only

II and III only
I, II and IV only
I, II, III and IV

Parasitism is an association between two organisms where :

Parasitisma ialah perhubungan antara dua organisma di mana :
A
B
C
D

both organisms benefit

kedua-dua organisma mendapat kebaikan
one organism benefits while the other is not affected
satu organisma mendapat kebaikan manakala satu organisma lagi tidak
mendapat kebaikan atau keburukan
one organism benefits while the other is harmed
satu organisma mendapat kebaikan manakala satu organisma lagi
mendapat keburukan
neither organism benefits
tiada satu organisma pun mendapat kebaikan atau keburukan

16

The figure shows a certain phenomenon caused by human activities.

Rajah menunjukkan suatu fenomena yang disebabkan oleh aktiviti manusia.

This phenomenon occurs because :

Fenomena tersebut berlaku kerana:
I
II
III
IV
A
B
C
D

heat trapped in the atmosphere increases the earths temperature

haba yang terperangkap di atmosfera meningkatkan suhu bumi
fossil fuel is burnt and the forest is logged
pembakaran bahan bakar fosil dan aktiviti pembalakan
some infrared rays are trapped by nitrogen dioxide
sebahagian sinar inframerah terperangkap oleh nitrogen dioksida
ultraviolet rays are absorbed by the ozone layer
sinar ultra ungu diserap oleh lapisan ozon
I, II and III only
I, III and IV only
II, III and IV only
I, II, III and IV

17

The diagram shows part of a fish gill.

Rajah menunjukkan sebahagian daripada insang ikan.

What is X?
Apakah X?
A
B
C
D
18

Gill rakers / sisir insang

Filamen / filamen
Gill arch / lengkungan insang
Lamella / lamella

Which tissue is responsible for the transportation of photosynthetic products?

Antara tisu berikut, yang manakah bertanggungjawab dalam pengangkutan hasil
fotosintesis?
A
B
C
D

Xylem / Xilem
Phloem/ Floem
Cortex / Korteks
Cambium / Kambium

19

The diagram shows the cross sections of three types of blood vessels.
Rajah menunjukkan keratan rentas tiga jenis salur darah.

What are P, Q and R?

Apakah P, Q dan R?

20

Diagram 8 shows a section through a human heart.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan keratan melalui jantung manusia.

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?

Ruangan jantung manakah mengepam darah ke peparu?

21

The diagram shows the structure of a human arm.

Rajah menunjukkan struktur lengan manusia.

What is S, T and U?
Apakah S, T dan U?

22

The diagram shows the structure of a typical vertebra.

Rajah menunjukkan struktur vertebra yang tipikal.

What is the function of X?

Apakah fungsi X?
A
B
C
D

To articulate or join with another vertebra

Menghubungkan dengan vetebra yang lain
To give support and able to withstand compression
Memberi sokongan dan membolehkannya tahan kepada mampatan
To absorb shock and reduce friction between the vertebrae
Menyerap gegaran dan mengurangkan geseran antara vertebra
To form the ventral canal which protects the spinal cord
Membentuk salur ventral yang melindungi saraf tunjang

23

Diagram 11 shows a type of vertebra.

Rajah 11 menunjukkan sejenis vertebra.

The vertebra shown is

Vertebra yang ditunjukkan adalah
A
B
C
D
24

Lumbar / Lumbar
Thorax / Toraks
Cervix / Serviks
Sacrum / Sakrum

Diagram 12 shows four types of human bones

Rajah 12 menunjukkan empat jenis tulang manusia

Which bones are parts of the axial skeleton?

Tulang yang manakah adalah sebahagian tulang axial..
A
B
C
D

P and Q only
R and S only
P, Q and S only
Q, R and S only

25

The diagram shows the skeleton and muscles of a bird.

Rajah menunjukkan rangka dan otot seekor burung

What are P and Q?

Apakah P dan Q?

26

The diagram shows an animal cell.

Rajah menunjukkan sel haiwan.

What is the function of X?

Apakah fungsi X?
A
B
C
D

To break down cellular wastes / menguraikan bahan buangan sel

To maintain the shape of the cell / mengekalkan bentuk sel
To transport proteins synthesized by the ribosomes
mengangkut protein yang disintesiskan oleh ribosom
To detoxify medicines and metabolic wastes
menyahtoksikkan ubat-ubatan dan bahan buangan metabolisma.

27

The information below is about plant cells.

Maklumat di bawah adalah tentang sel tumbuhan.

Which of the labelled parts A, B, C and D are related to the information above?
Antara bahagian berlabel A, B, C dan D yang manakah berkaitan dengan
maklumat di atas?

28

The diagram shows the appearance of a plant cell after being immersed in a
hypertonic solution.
Rajah menunjukkan sel tumbuhan yang telah direndam di dalam larutan hipertonik

Apakah yang terjadi kepada sel itu?

A
B
C
D

Crenated / krenasi
Haemolysed / hemolisis
Plasmolysed / plasmolisis
Deplasmolysed / deplasmolisis

29

The diagram shows a strip of spinach after being immersed in a 5% sucrose

solution.
Rajah menunjukkan keratan batang sawi selepas direndam di dalam larutan
sukrosa 5%.

Which of the following shows the appearance of the spinach strip after being
immersed in distilled water and 15% sucrose solution?
Antara berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan rupa bentuk batang sawi selepas
direndam di dalam air suling dan larutan sukrosa 15 %?

30

The diagram shows one of the phases in mitosis.

Rajah menunjukkan salah satu peringkat mitosis.

What is the phase?

Apakah fasa tersebut?
A
B
C
D
31

Prophase / profasa
Metaphase / metafasa
Anaphase / anafasa
Telophase / telofasa

Which diagram represents anaphase I?

Rajah mana menunjukkan anafasa I?

32

The diagram shows the behaviour of chromosomes during mitosis.

Rajah menunjukkan perlakuan kromosom semasa mitosis.

How many chromosomes are in the cell?

Berapakah bilangan kromosom di dalam sel?
A
B
C
D
33

2
4
6
8

An experiment was conducted to determine the energy value of 0.5 g

of food sample. Calculate the energy value of the food sample if the
temperature of 20.0g of water is increased by 20 C. (Specific heat
capacity of water is 4.2 J/g C).
Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk menentukan nilai tenaga suatu
sampel
makanan seberat 0.5 g. Kira nilai tenaga makanan
tersebut jika suhu 20.0 g air dinaikkan sebanyak 20 C.( muatan haba
tentu spesifik air ialah 4.2 J/g C).
o

A
B
C
D

1.7 kJg-1
3.4 kJg-1
17.0 kJg-1
34.0 kJg-1

The table below shows the reaction involved in photosynthesis and

respiration.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas yang terlibat dalam
fotosintesis dan respirasi.
34

What are X and Y?

Apakah X dan Y?

35

The diagram shows a food web in an ecosystem.

Rajah menunjukkan jaringan makanan dalam suatu ekosistem

Which organism can exist in two different trophic levels?

Organisma manakah boleh berada dalam dua aras trof berbeza?
A
B
C
D

Snake / ular
Hawk / helang
Rabbit / arnab
Small bird / burung kecil

36

The diagram shows the energy flow in a food chain.

Rajah menunjukkan aliran tenaga dalam satu rantai makanan.

10% of energy is available to each subsequent consumer. What will be the

amount of energy consumed by the snake?
10 % tenaga dipindahkan kepada setiap pengguna yang berikutnya. Berapa
banyakkah tenaga yang digunakan oleh ular?
A
B
C
D

100 KJ
900 KJ
30,000 KJ
90,000 KJ

37

The diagram shows deforestation activities. Which of the following are the
consequences of these activities?
Rajah menunjukkan aktiviti penyahutanan. Antara berikut manakah kesan
daripada aktiviti tersebut?

I
II
III
IV
A
B
C
D

Destruction of various species of plants and wildlife

Penghapusan pelbagai spesies tumbuhan dan hidupan liar
Soil erosion and landslides
Hakisan tanah dan tanah runtuh
Global warming
Pemanasan global
Increase in annual rainfall
Penambahan dalam hujan tahunan
II only
I and II only
I, II and III only
I, II, III and IV

38

The diagram shows a type of immunity.

Rajah menunjukkan sejenis keimunan.

What type of immunity does the diagram represent?

Keimunan jenis apakah yang diwakili oleh rajah tersebut?
A
B
C
D

Naturally acquired active immunity / Keimunan aktif semulajadi

Naturally acquired passive immunity / Keimunan pasif semulajadi
Artificially acquired active immunity / Keimunan aktif buatan
Artificially acquired passive immunity / Keimunan pasif buatan

39

Diagram 20 shows a blood circulatory system in human.

Diagram 20 menunjukkan sistem peredaran darah dalam manusia

Which of the following is TRUE about blood flow and blood pressure at L and M?
Antara berikut manakah yang benar tentang peredaran darah dan tekanan
darah pada L dan M ?

40

The diagram shows the shape of an aerofoil.

Rajah menunjukkan bentuk aerofoil.

Which of the following birds in flight, resembles the shape of the aerofoil above?
Antara burung yang sedang terbang berikut, yang manakah merupakan bentuk
aerofoil tersebut?

41

The following equation shows the hydrolysis of sucrose

Persamaan berikut menunjukkan proses hidrolisis sukrosa.

Persamaan berikut menunjukkan proses hidrolisis sukrosa

What is represented by P, Q and R ?

Apa yang mewakili P, Q dan R ?

42

The table shows the types and quantity of food taken by a student in a day.
Jadual menunjukkan jenis makanan dan kuantiti makanan yang diambil oleh
seorang pelajar dalam satu hari.

Types of Food

Quantity / g

Energy / kJ per 100 g

Jenis Makanan

Kuantiti / g

Tenaga / kJ per 100 g

Rice

200

2 000

50

3 000

100

500

200

300

50

50

100

800

Nasi
Butter
Mentega
Potatoes
Ubi kentang
Milk
Susu
Banana
Pisang
Chicken
Ayam
The total energy obtained by the student is
Jumlah tenaga yang diperoleh oleh pelajar tersebut ialah
A
B
C
D

6 425 kJ
6 650 kJ
7 425 kJ
8 950 kJ

43

The following equation shows the process that takes place in the muscle cell of an
athlete that takes place in the muscle cell of an athlete while doing a vigorous
activity.

Glucose R + Energy
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan proses yang berlaku dalam sel otot seorang atlet
semasa melakukan aktiviti cergas.

Glucose
+ Energy
Glukosa

R +RTenaga
What is R ?
Apakah R ?
A
B
C
D
44

Carbon dioxide
Karbon dioksida
Lactic acid
Asid laktik
Ethanol
Etanol
Water
Air

The following information shows the result in an estimation of the population size
of cockroaches.
Maklumat berikut menunjukkan keputusan bagi menganggarkan saiz populasi lipas.

If the estimated population is 370, what is the value of M?

Sekiranya anggaran populasi adalah 370, berapakah nilai M?
A

20

22

30

32

45

Which of the following gases will not lead to acid rain?

Antara gas berikut, yang manakah tidak menyebabkan hujan asid?
A
B
C
D

Carbon dioxide / Karbon dioksida

Sulphur dioxide / Sulfur dioksida
Oxides of nitrogen / Oksida nitrogen
Chlorofluorocarbons / Klorofluorokarbon

46

Which of the following graphs show the effect of sewage pollution on the amount of
dissolved oxygen in a river?
Antara graf berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan kesan pencemaran kumbahan ke atas
jumlah oksigen terlarut di dalam sungai?

47

The graphs below show the transpiration rates in two areas, the forest and the desert.
Which graph shows the correct representation of the rates of transpiration in these two
areas?
Graf-graf di bawah menunjukkan kadar transpirasi di dua kawasan iaitu hutan dan
gurun. Graf yang manakah menunjukkan kadar transpirasi yang betul di kedua-dua
kawasan ini?

48

49

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Apakah fungsi bendalir sinovia?
A
B
C
D

Allows bones to move against one another.

Membenarkan tulang bergerak antara satu sama lain.
As a cushion and shock absorber.
Sebagai kusyen dan penyerap hentakan.
Prevents dislocation of the joint during movement.
Mengelakkan daripada terkehel.
As a lubricant to reduce friction between two bones.
Sebagai pelincir antara du atulang

A fish has little problem overcoming gravity because most of its body weight is
supported by water. Nevertheless it faces the problem of water resistance.
Seekor ikan kurang bermasalah untuk mengatasi graviti kerana kebanyakan berat
badannya disokong oleh air. Walau bagaimanapun ia mengalami masalah rintangan
air.
50

How does the fish reduce this problem?

Bagaimanakah ikan itu dapat mengurangkan masalah tersebut?
I
Slimy coating on their bodies
badan diselaputi oleh lendir
II
Sleek and streamlined body shapes
bentuk badan yang larus
III
A swim bladder inside the abdomen
mempunyai pundi udara di ruang abdomen
IV
Overlapping scales facing the posterior
sisik yang bertindih dan tersusun ke arah posterior
A
B
C
D

I and II only
II and III only
I, II and IV only
I, II, III and IV

Paper 2

Diagram 2.1 shows the changing process in an abandoned mining pond. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan
proses perubahan yang berlaku dalam sebuah kolam terbiar.

Rajah 22222 / Diagram 2222

(a) What type of plants are P and Q? Apakah jenis tumbuhan P dan Q?
Plant P / Tumbuhan P : ....
Plant Q / Tumbuhan Q :
[ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah]
(b) Q is a successor to P plants. Describe the role of Q as a successor plant.
Q adalah penyesar pada tumbuhan P. Terangkan bagaimana Q berperanan sebagai
tumbuhan penyesar.
......................................................................................................................................... ......
.................................................................................................................................... ...........
............................................................................................................................... ................
.......................................................................................................................... .....................
.....................................................................................................................

[ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]

(c) A group of students carried out an experiment to estimate the distribution of plants in

a pond that has dried up. Diagram 2.2 shows 8 quadrats (1m2 each) covered by the
plants.
Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk menganggar taburan
tumbuhan dalam kolam yang telah kering. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan 8 kuadrat yang
meliputi keluasan 1m2 setiap satu.

(i) Explain how the students can determine the frequency of the plants in the experiment.
Terangkan bagaimana kumpulan pelajar itu boleh menentukan frekuensi tumbuhan
dalam eksperimen tersebut.
............................................................................................................................ ...................
......................................................................................................... ......................................
...................................................................................... .........................................................
................................................................... ............................................................................
................................................ ...............................................................................................
.............................
[ 4 marks ] [ 4 markah ]

(ii) What is the density of herbaceous plants in Diagram 2.2?

Show the calculations below.
Berapakah ketumpatan tumbuhan herba dalam Rajah 2.2? Tunjukkan langkahlangkah pengiraan di bawah.

[ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

2. Diagram 4.1 shows the release of gas X from Elodea sp. through photosynthesis.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan pembebasan gas X dari Elodea sp. melalui fotosintesis.

(a) (i) Name gas X. Namakan gas X

.
[ 1 mark ] [ 1 markah ]
(ii) What is the function of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution?
Apakah fungsi larutan natrium hidrogen karbonat ?
.
[ 1 marks ] [ 1 markah ]
(b) Explain briefly how gas X in (a)(i) is produced.
Terangkan dengan ringkas bagaimana gas X di (a)(i) dihasilkan. .
.................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]

(c)

An Elodea sp. plant which was placed 10 cm from a light source produced 20 oxygen
bubbles per minute. How many oxygen bubbles per minute would you expect to be
released if the lamp is placed at 5 cm from the Elodea sp.?
Show your calculations.
Tumbuhan Elodea sp. yang diletakkan 10 cm daripada sumber cahaya menghasilkan 20
gelembung oksigen seminit. Berapa banyakkah gelembung oksigen yang terbebas seminit
sekiranya lampu diletakkan 5 cm daripada tumbuhan Elodea sp tersebut? Tunjukkan
pengiraan anda.

[2 marks] [2 markah]
(d)

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of temperature on the rate of
photosynthesis. The results are as shown in Table 4.
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan suhu ke atas kadar fotosintesis.
Keputusan ditunjukkan seperti dalam Jadual 4.

Table 2222 / Jadual 222

Explain the above results. Terangkan keputusan di atas.
.........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

[ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]
(e)

Diagram 4.2 shows a graph of the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan graf kesan keamatan cahaya ke atas kadar fotosintesis.

Diagram 3000
Rajah 3000
State how the rate of photosynthesis can be increased from curve P to become curve Q.
Nyatakan bagaimana kadar fotosintesis boleh ditingkatkan dari lengkung P menjadi
lengkung Q.
........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

3 The diagram shows the structure of a fish.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan struktur pada seekor ikan.

(a)

(i)

Labelled the structure U, V and W in the space provided

Labelkan struktur U, V dan W pada ruang yang disediakan.
[ 3 marks] [3 markah]

(ii) State the function of scales to the fish

Nyatakan peranan sisik pada ikan.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[ 1 mark ] [1 markah]

(b)

The diagram shows the myotome muscles at the fish through X---Y ( Diagram 3.1) when
the fish tail is moving in one direction.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan keadaan bongkah otot miotom pada ikan melalui keratan
rentas X----Y (Rajah 3.1) ketika ekor sedang mengibas ke satu arah.
Vertebrate axis

Refer to Diagram 3.2

Berdasarkan Rajah 3.2
(i) Complete the tail part in the Diagram 3.3 with the correct and mark the thrust force
with the arrow.
Lengkapkan bahagian ekor ikan pada rajah 3.3 dengan kedudukan yang
betul dan tunjukkan daya tujah yang terhasil dengan anak panah ( ).
[2 marks ][2 markah]
(ii) State how the mytome muscles make the tail move to left and right.
Nyatakan bagaimana bongkah otot miotom di atas membolehkan ekor
ikan mengibas ke kiri dan ke kanan.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[ 2 marks] [2 markah]

Diagram 3.4 shows the muscles of the wings of the bird.

Rajah 3.4 menunjukkan pelekatan otot-otot pada kepak burung.

Diagram 3.4
Rajah 3.4
Based on the diagram 3.4 , state how muscle A and muscle B works to make the wings
pull down.
Berdasarkan Rajah 3.4, nyatakan bagaimana tindakan otot A dan otot B
membolehkan kepak ditarik ke bawah.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[2 marks][2 markah]
(d) State one similaritie and difference between the fish muscle in the diagram 3.2 and the
bird muscle in Diagram 3.4 that helps the movement.
Nyatakan satu persamaan dan satu perbezaaan di antara otot ikan pada Rajah 3.2
dan otot burung pada Rajah 3.4 yang membantu pergerakan.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[ 2 marks ][2 markah]