Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier

ECE 442 Power Electronics

Waveforms

ECE 442 Power Electronics

Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier

ECE 442 Power Electronics

Performance Parameters
Average value of the output voltage, Vdc
Average value of the output current, Idc
Output dc power, Pdc
Pdc = VdcIdc

rms value of the output voltage, Vrms

Output ac power, Pac
Pac = VrmsIrms
ECE 442 Power Electronics

Performance Parameters (continued)

Efficiency,
= Pdc/Pac

Effective (rms) value of the ac component

of the output voltage, Vac
Vac = Vrms2 Vdc2

Form factor, FF
FF = Vrms/Vdc

Ripple factor, RF
RF = Vac/Vdc
ECE 442 Power Electronics

Performance Parameters (continued)

Alternate form for ripple factor
V
R F ( ) 1 FF 1
V
rms

dc

Transformer utilization factor, TUF

TUF = Pdc/VsIs
Vs, Is are rms voltage and current of the
transformer secondary
ECE 442 Power Electronics

Input Voltage and Current

ECE 442 Power Electronics

Performance Parameters (continued)

Displacement angle,
Displacement Factor, DF
DF = cos()

Harmonic Factor, HF

I I
HF (
) ( ) 1
I
I

s1

1
2

1
2

s1

ECE 442 Power Electronics

s1

Performance Parameters (continued)

Power Factor, PF

VI
I
PF
cos cos
VI
I
s

s1

s1

ECE 442 Power Electronics

Performance Parameters (continued)

Crest Factor, CF

CF

s ( peak )

ECE 442 Power Electronics

10

Example 3.1
Determine , FF, RF, TUF, PIV of the
diode, CF of the input current, input PF.

ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Determine the Average Voltage, Vdc

1
V
T
1
V
T
dc

dc

v
0

(t )dt

T
2

V
0

sin tdt

V
T
V
(cos
1)
T
2
m

dc

ECE 442 Power Electronics

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1
f
T
2 f
V
dc

0.318V

V
0.318V
I

R
R
dc

dc

ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Determine the rms Voltage, Vrms

V

v (t )dt
T

1
2

rms

V
(V sin t ) dt
T

V
V
0.5V
2
V
0.5V
I

R
R
T
2

rms

1
2

rms

rms

rms

ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Determine Pdc, Pac, and

(0.318V )
P
R
(0.5V )
P
R
(0.318V )

40.5%
(0.5V )
2

dc

ac

ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Determine FF and RF

V
0.5V
FF

V
0.318V
FF 1.57 157%
rms

dc

R F FF 1
2

R F 1.57 1 1.21 121%

2

ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Determine the TUF

1
2

1
V

V
0.707V
(V sin t ) dt
T

2
0.5V
I I
R
(0.318V )
P
R
T UF

0.5V
VI
(0.707V )(
)
R
T UF 0.286
T

load

dc

ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Determine the PIV

PIV is the maximum (peak) voltage that
appears across the diode when reverse
biased. Here, PIV = Vm.

PIV +

+
ECE 442 Power Electronics

18

Determine CF
CF

I s ( peak )
Is

Vm
I s ( peak )
R
0.5Vm
Is
R
Vm
CF R 2
0.5Vm
R
ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Determine PF

Pac
PF cos
VA
2
(0.5Vm )
R
PF
0.707
0.5Vm
(0.707Vm )(
)
R
ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Summary Half-Wave Rectifier

RF=121%
High
Efficiency = 40.5 Low
TUF = 0.286
Low
1/TUF = 3.496
transformer must be 3.496 times larger than
when using a pure ac voltage source

ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Half-Wave Rectifier with R-L Load

ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Waveforms of Current and Voltage

Conduction period of D1 extends beyond t =

ECE 442 Power Electronics

23

Average Output Voltage

Vm
Vdc
2

sin td (t )

Vm

Vdc
cos t 0
2
Vm
Vdc
1 cos( )
2
Vdc
I dc
R
Increase average voltage and current by making = 0
ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Waveforms with Dm installed

ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Application as a Battery Charger

Diode conducts for vs > E,

starting when Vmsin = E
ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Waveforms for the Battery Charger

Diode turns off when

vs < E (at = )
Charging current
io = (vs E)/R
io = (Vmsint E)/R
for < t <
ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifier

Center-Tapped Transformer
ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Waveforms for the Full-Wave Rectifier

T
2

2
Vdc Vm sin t
T 0
Vdc

2Vm

Vdc 0.636Vm
ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifier

PIV = 2Vm
ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier

ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Waveforms for the Full-Wave Bridge

ECE 442 Power Electronics

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Full-Wave Bridge with Waveforms

Conduction pattern

D1 D2

D3 D4

PIV = Vm
ECE 442 Power Electronics

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