Theories on Population Growth and resources;

Thomas Malthus argued that because of the natural

human urge to reproduce human population increases
geometrically (1, 2, 4, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, etc.).
However, food supply, at most, can only increase
arithmetically (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc.). Therefore,
since food is an essential component to human life,
population growth in any area or on the planet, if
unchecked, would lead to starvation.
According to Thomas Malthus, preventative checks are
those that affect the birth rate and include marrying at
a later age (moral restraint), abstaining from
procreation, birth control, and homosexuality. Positive
checks are those, according to Thomas Malthus, that
increase the death rate. These include disease, war,
disaster, and finally, when other checks don't reduce
population, famine.

In 1965 Esther Boserup put forward a theory

claiming that humans will develop new
technologies to increase food production
whenever they need to. This is because humans
are the most resourceful animals on the planet,
and so have developed new technologies and
methods to cope with the increasing resource
demands of a growing population.
These new technologies she mentioned included
lots of agricultural changes such as an
Agricultural Revolution, new irrigation systems,
better use of technology to increase field
intensity leading to higher yields and using
genetically modified crops. This would mean that
man was able to meet its own demand for food.