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Once they reach the Golgi apparatus, additional modifications are made to
the transported proteins by resident Golgi enzymes. These modifications
are key in ensuring the proteins reach their final destinations once they
leave the Golgi apparatus.
Within the trans Golgi network, proteins are sorted by their final
destinations. This is accomplished by receptor molecules
embeddedin the membrane of the TGN.
When proteins have reached their correct location within the TGN, the
membrane at those locations buds off into vesicles. More than one
protein can be contained within each transport vesicle.
Once released, the vesicles carry their cargo proteins to a final location.
Possible destinations include the lysosome, the digestive organelle of the
cell, and the plasma membrane, where the proteins can be released
elsewhere in the organism.
Summary
Targeting of newly synthesized proteins is an integral component of protein
synthesis.
In prokaryotes, targeting is usually achieved by an N-terminal signal sequence of
about 20 mostly hydrophobic amino acids.