CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Occurs when substances go

through chemical changes to form
new substances

Examples:
Formation of a gas
Formation of a solid
Release of energy

REACTANTS & PRODUCTS

Reactant- a substance or molecule that participates
in a chemical reaction
Product- a substance that forms in a chemical
reaction
Chemical Energy- the energy released when a
chemical compound reacts to produce new
compounds
CHEMICAL REACTIONS ALWAYS INVOLVE
CHANGES IN ENERGY!!!

ENERGY AND REACTIONS

Energy must be added to BREAK bonds

Chemical energy is RELEASED when new bonds
form
Energy is conserved in chemical reactions
Energy in a chemical reaction can change form,
but energy is never created or destroyed

ENERGY AND REACTIONS (CONT.)

Exothermic Reaction- a chemical reaction in which
energy is released to the surroundings as HEAT
All combustion reactions are exothermic.

Endothermic Reaction- a chemical reaction that

requires energy input

BIOLUMINESCENCE IS AWESOME
Some organisms can give off light!
This is a chemical reaction made possible by the
enzyme luciferase.
Scientists can use bacteria that contain luciferase to
track the spread of infection in the human body.

http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/videos/bioluminescence-on-camera/

CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
A chemical equation uses symbols to represent a
chemical reaction
Shows the relationships between the reactants and
products of a reaction
Chemical equations show reactants first and
products second
Coefficient- number that shows the relative amount
of a compound in a reaction
Reactants
Products
Mg + O2

MgO

Mg= 1 O= 2

Mg= 1 O= 1

BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

1. Identify each element found in the equation. The number of atoms

of each type of atom must be the same on each side of the equation
once it has been balanced.

2. What is the net charge on each side of the equation? The net
charge must be the same on each side of the equation once it has
been balanced.

3. If possible, start with an element found in one compound on each

side of the equation. Change the coefficients (the numbers in front of
the compound or molecule) so that the number of atoms of the
element is the same on each side of the equation. Remember! To
balance an equation, you change the coefficients, not the subscripts in
the formulas.
4. Once you have balanced one element, do the same thing with
another element. Proceed until all elements have been balanced. It's
easiest to leave elements found in pure form for last.

5. Check your work to make certain the charge on both sides of the
equation is also balanced.

BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS EX.

Take notes on the video!!!
http://chemistry.about.com/video/How-to-BalanceChemistry-Equations.htm

Try

these:
H2 + Cl2 __ HCl
Ca + __H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2

TYPES OF REACTIONS
Synthesis

Reaction- reaction in which

two or more substances combine to
form a new compound

A + B AB
Decomposition Reaction- reaction in
which a single compound breaks down
to form two or more simpler
substances

AB A + B

Combustion Reaction- the oxidation reaction of an

organic compound, heat is released
Oxygen is a reactant in every combustion reaction

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

Single-displacement Reaction- reaction in which one

element trades place with another element

AX + B BX + A

Combustion Rxn.

Catalyst- a substance that changes the rate of a

chemical reaction without being consumed or
changes significantly
Enzyme- a molecule, either protein or RNA, that acts
as a catalyst in biochemical reactions
Substrate- the reactant in reactions catalyzed by
enzymes
Equilibrium- a state in which a reversible chemical
reaction is proceeding in both directions equally