Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
RUANG KULIAH
Factor utama yang menjadi pertimbangan di dalam merancang sebuah ruang perkuliahan adalah:
• Metode pengajaran – jenis kurikulum yang relevan
• Tempat duduk, meja tulis, dan laptop
• Ruanagn dan perlengkapan untuk dosen
• Pemakaian elemen pengisi dinding, termasuk papan tulis, layar, ukuran dan letak
jendela, dan lain-lain
• Fasilitas ohp dan televise.
• Coat racks, gudang, dan peralatan kenyamanan yang lainnya.
• System akustik dan tata pencahayaan
• Pemanas dan pendingin ruangan
• Pertimbangan estetika.
Classroom Seating
The seating arrangement is the most important feature in determining the size and shape of a
classroom. Seating arrangement in a classroom should provide all students with a good view of
the front marker board; ready access both to the seats and to marker boards on other walls; an
adequate, well illuminated writing surface at each seat a place to set books and papers;
reasonable comfort; and privacy in taking examinations.
In a class of 50 or fewer students, where a long front marker is desirable, it seems better to have
the front wall longer than the side walls. This presupposes that there are more students in a row
of seats than there are rows; for example, visibility is better in a classroom having row of seven
than in one having seven rows of five seats.
In a room measuring 26 feet by 30 feet, with separate tablet armchair for 35 students, the seven
seats in a row might have a spacing of 3 feet-6 inches between seat centers laterally and 4 feet-6
inches between the end seat centers and side walls (6 x 3 feet-6 inches + 9 feet = 30 feet).
Spacing from front to back in a column might be 3 feet between seat centers with 4 feet behind
the back-seat center and 10 feet between the front-seat center and the front marker board (4 x 3
feet + 14 feet = 26 feet). This pattern allows for aisles of about 20 inches columns, a width just
under the 22-inch unit width used as standard in estimating the number of persons who can walk
abreast in a corridor or stair hall. This arrangement requires about 22 square feet of space per
student. Lecture halls whose seats have folding tablet arms may allow 15 square feet or less per
student.
Close-packed seating arrangements are not the most desirable, but sometimes are necessary
because the larger rooms are not available. Laws in some states provide that no person shall
have to pass more than six others to reach an aisle; hence 14 persons in a row between aisles is
an absolute maximum. If 10 to 14 students sit next to each other in a row behind a long strip
table or writing ledge, the ledge should be at least 12 inches wide and should provide at least 2
feet of length per person. An arrangement whereby the nearer half of the writing surface in front
of each person can fold up and away from the writer give more room for students to pass. A
spacing between rows of 42 inches between seat centers is adequate for most seating
arrangements that use strip tables for writing.
Tablet armchairs are commonly used for seating in college classrooms and permit rows to be
spaced every 3 feet. They are satisfactory for most classes that do not make use of special
equipment, provided they have a large writing surface and a shelf underneath for book and
papers. Tablet armchairs may be found either fixed to the floor, fastened together in sets of two
to six that can be moved as a group, or individually movable. When chairs are fixed to the floor,
the arrangements should be one that permits good visibility and ready access. Good visibility
may be achieved in three ways: by sloping the floor, by staggering seats in consecutive rows, or
by wide spacing.
An arrangement permitting a class of 30 to spread out for examination purpose in a 26-foot by
26-foot classroom seating 40 students would be the following: in each of five rows, spaced 3
feet apart from front to back between seat centers. Let two triples of seats be placed with the
centers 2 feet apart laterally and with a 4-foot central aisle from front to back between triples. In
5-foot aisles at the sides. Let movable tablet armchairs be placed next to the fixed seats for
lectures and recitations (keeping the 3-foot aisle by the walls), but let these chair be moved over
next to the walls during the examination. Another pattern involves joint activity by two
instructors whose adjoining classrooms are separated by a folding partition, and can be
combined into a larger room for 60 for appropriate portions of the instruction.
Front platform
In front of students’ seating area, there should be enough space for the lecturer to walk back and
forth before a long marker board. In rooms with more than five rows of seats there is an
advantage in having a platform, possibly 8 inches above the floor and extending the full width of
the room, on which the teacher may walk the length of the board without danger of failing off
the end. The marker board should then be raised correspondingly higher above the classroom
floor for better visibility. The teacher needs a table to place lecture note and papers, but it is
better to have this table either movable on casters or fixed at the side of the platform where it
does not block the view of the marker board from the first two rows of students. If a projector is
to be used, there must either be a place where it can be mounted permanently at the front of the
room, or there must be provision for rolling it in on a cart and connecting it electrically. In the
latter case, the front platform might be slightly lower and be accessible by a ramp. The teacher
seldom sits during a lecture but may wish to sit down during the examination. There should be a
chair near the table or desk for a teacher.
A lecture room should be so placed in a building that it is accessible to students without
overcrowding of corridors or stairways. Coat racks, adequate bulletin boards, lining the
corridors, and ample toilet facilities should be provided nearby. The room itself should be
arranged so that the audience can see well, hear well, and be comfortable. In part this depends on
temperature, humidity, background of light and sound, and seating space. Accessibility
provisions in classroom should be addressed.