Project 2 - 11/30/2014

Mihail Blegeanu
Ryan Logan

Math 1090 - 12114

Professor: David Kuralt

Matrix Operations & the Leontief Model

1.a. The tables below give the number of some species of threatened and
endangered wildlife in the United States and in foreign countries in 1996.
United States
Endangered
Threatened

Mammals
92
11

Birds
74
16

Reptiles
14
19

Amphibians
7
5

Fishes
65
40

Mammals
252
19

Birds
178
6

Reptiles
65
14

Amphibians
8
1

Fishes
11
0

Foreign
Endangered
Threatened

Write the two matrices on a spreadsheet, use the spreadsheets matrix

operations to write a matrix containing the total number of these species,
assuming that the U.S. and foreign species are different.
Total Number of Species: US + Foreign
Mammals
Birds
Endangered
344
252
Threatened
30
22

Reptiles
79
33

Amphibians
15
6

Fishes
76
40

1.b.Use the U.S. and foreign matrices with the spreadsheets matrix operations to
write a matrix showing how many more endangered and threatened species
there are in foreign countries than there are in the United States. Write a simple
equation showing your matrix operation, and
explain what any negative numbers mean.
Total Number of Species: US + Foreign
Mammals Birds
Endangered
160
104
Threatened
8
-10

Reptiles Amphibians
51
1
-5
-4

Fishes
-54
-40

The negative numbers mean that there are more species endangered/threatened
in United States than outside United States. There are more endangered fishes in
US than in foreign countries. There are more threatened species of Birds,
Reptiles, Amphibians and Fishes in USA.

2.a. A political candidate plans to use three methods of advertising: newspapers, radio, and cable TV.
The cost per ad (in thousands of dollars) for each type of media is given in the left table below. The right
table shows the number of ads per month in these three media that are targeted to single people, to
married males ages 3555, and the married females over 65 years of age.

Cost ($1000)

Cable TV
12

Radio
15

Newspapers
5

Target Group
Singles
Males 35-55
Females 65+

Cable TV
30
25
22

Radio
45
32
12

Newspapers
35
40
30

Matrix A

Matrix B

Write the two matrices on a spreadsheet, and use the spreadsheet's matrix operations to write a matrix
showing the cost of ads for each target group. Explain why the cost matrix should not simply be
multiplied by the target group matrix as they are written, and what operation needs to be done so they
can be multiplied. Write a simple equation showing your matrix operation.

Cable TV
Radio
Newspapers
Totals

Singles
30
45
35
1210

Pasted Transposed Matrix B

Males
Females
25
22
32
12
40
30
980
594

We had to transpose Matrix B and then multiply Matrix A with the transpose of B, so we could find the
totals for specific demographic groups such as Singles, Males and Females.

Formulas:

Transpose(C11:E13) to get Transposed Matrix B

MMULT(C7:E7, C18:E20) Multiply Matrix A with Transposed B

3. A furniture manufacturer produces three styles of chairs with the number of units of each type of
raw material needed for each style given in the table below on the left. The cost in dollars per unit
for each of the raw materials is given in the table on the right.

Matrix A
Style A
Wood
Nylon
Velvet
Springs

5
20
0
10

Style B
10
9
0
0

Matrix B
Style C
5
10
10
10

Wood
Nylon
Velvet
Springs

Cost($/unit)
$ 15.00
$ 12.00
$ 14.00
$ 30.00

Write the two matrices on a spreadsheet, and use the spreadsheets matrix operations to write a
matrix showing the price of manufacturing each style of chair. Explain why the style matrix should
not simply be multiplied by the cost matrix as written above, and what operation needs to be done
so they can be multiplied. Write a simple equation showing your matrix operation.

We cannot multiply Matrix A by Matrix B because of their size (4x3 * 4x1)

Therefore we need to transpose Matrix A and then multiply it with Matrix B
Transposed Matrix A
Formula: Transpose(C5:E8)
Wood
Nylon
Style A
5
Style B
10
Style C
5

Velvet
20
9
10

Formula: MMULT(C17:F19,H5:H8)

Springs
0
0
10

Total Cost
10 $ 615.00
0 $ 258.00
10 $ 635.00

FN

input/output

FN
FM
BM
BN
E
S

0.170
0.003
0.025
0.384
0.007
0.120

FM
0.004
0.295
0.173
0.037
0.001
0.074

BM
0.000
0.018
0.460
0.021
0.039
0.104

BN
0.029
0.002
0.007
0.403
0.025
0.123

E
0.000
0.004
0.011
0.011
0.358
0.173

0
1
0
0
0
0

0
0
1
0
0
0

0
0
0
1
0
0

0
0
0
0
1
0

0
0
0
0
0
1

1
0
0
0
0
0

S
0.008
0.016
0.017
0.048
0.025
0.234

Demand
$ 100,000
$ 600,000
$ 500,000
$ 800,000
$ 200,000
$ 100,000

$
$
$
$
$
$

Output
189,711
910,071
1,282,450
1,636,494
487,611
795,210

4. Use Leontiefs input-output table for the six sectors of the economy of the United States for 1958 to find the
production schedule (total outputs) required to fulfill each of the final demands below.
Final
Demand A
FN
FM
BM
BN
E
S

$
$
$
$
$
$

100,000
100,000
100,000
100,000
100,000
100,000

Final
Output A
$
$
$
$
$
$

134,572
157,684
259,100
300,255
196,380
294,607

Final
Demand B
$
$
$
$
$
$

300,000
200,000
400,000
100,000
100,000
900,000

Final
Output B
$ 399,522
$ 348,182
$ 934,092
$ 610,250
$ 302,080
$ 1,564,196

Final
Demand C
$
$
$
$
$
$

30,000
20,000
50,000
10,000
10,000
90,000

Final
Output C

Final
Demand D

$ 40,020 $
$ 35,380 $
$ 112,247 $
$ 62,038 $
$ 31,513 $
$ 159,500 $

10,000
60,000
50,000
80,000
20,000
10,000

Final
Output D
$
$
$
$
$
$

18,971
91,007
128,245
163,649
48,761
79,521

5. Write a paragraph telling what you have observed in the use of matrices to work and understand
applied problems.

Matrices are great for analysing and calculating large amount of data, eliminating the need to repeat similar
functions. Also it makes data reading and locating much easier. It allows data to be organized and calculated in a
more efficient manner.