Maths Extension 2 - Graphs

Graphing y = f(x)
y = f (x)
y
10

(x-2) -3
((x-2)^2)-3

5
x
-10

-5

10

x
+
C
10

-5

-10

y = f ( x) + C
y

! C is positive, the function is shifted up

! C is negative, the function is shifted
down

10

-10

-5
-5

-10

y = f (x C)
y
10

! C > 0, shift function right C units

! C < 0, shift function left C units
The function becomes: y = f ( x + C )

5
x
-10

-5

5
-5
C

10

-10

http://www.geocities.com/fatmuscle/HSC/ 1

Maths Extension 2 - Graphs

y = C. f (x)
y

! C > 1, the function is steeper

! 0 < C < 1, the function is shallower

10

5
x
-10

-5

10

-5

-10

y = f (Cx )
! Multiply the x co-ordinate by

1
C

y
10

! C > 1, thinner, steeper

! C < 1, fatter, shallower
! (x, 1) remains the same

5
x
-10

-5

10

-5

-10

http://www.geocities.com/fatmuscle/HSC/ 2

Maths Extension 2 - Graphs

y = f (x)
y

! Flip about the x-axis

! All positive become negative
! All negative become positive

10

5
x
-10

-5

10

-5

-10

y = f ( x)

y
10

! Flip about the y-axis

5
x
-10

-5

10

-5

-10

http://www.geocities.com/fatmuscle/HSC/ 3

Maths Extension 2 - Graphs

y = f (x)
y
10

! All negative y values become positive

5
x
-10

-5

10

-5

-10

y = f (x)

y
10

! Positive x values are mirrored about the

y-axis

5
x
-10

-5

10

-5

-10

y = f (x)

y
10

! Positive y values are mirrored about the

x-axis

5
x
-10

-5

10

-5

-10

http://www.geocities.com/fatmuscle/HSC/ 4

Maths Extension 2 - Graphs

y=

f (x)

! If y value is > 1, y value is smaller but

still > 1
! If y value is = 1, y value is the same
! If y value is 0 < y < 1, y value is larger
but still < 1
! If y value is < 0, y value doesnt exist

10

5
x
-10

-5

10

y
-5

2
1.5
1

-10

0.5

y 2 = f ( x)

-0.5
-0.5

x
0.5

1
y
10

sketch
y=

f (x) and y = f (x)

Both Brown and Green are y 2 = f ( x)

5
x
-10

-5

10

-5

-10

y = [ f (x)]

y = [ f ( x )]

20

If y value:
! = 0, y remains 0
! > 1, y becomes steeper (above)
! 0 < y < 1, y becomes steeper (below)
! if C is even, y = [ f ( x)] 0

15
10
5
x

! if C is odd, y = [ f ( x)] has the same sign

as f (x)
C

-10

-5

10

-5
-10

http://www.geocities.com/fatmuscle/HSC/ 5

Maths Extension 2 - Graphs

y=

1
f ( x)

y
5

or
y = [ f ( x )]

! Asymptotes where y = 0
! For f(x), y values > 1 becomes small
_________ y values 0 < y < 1 becomes big
! Same case for y < 0, but negative
! Points along y = 1 and y = 1 stay the
same

-5

-5

y = f 1 ( x )
y

or

10

x = f ( y)
! INVERSE FUNCTION
Flip about the line y = x

5
x
-10

-5

10

-5
-10

http://www.geocities.com/fatmuscle/HSC/ 6

Maths Extension 2 - Graphs

Graphing y = f(x), y = g(x)

y = g (x)
y = sin x

y
10
5
x
-10

-5

10

-5
-10

y = f ( x) + g ( x)
y

! y co-ordinates are added

10
5
x
-10

-5

10

-5
-10

y = f ( x) g ( x)
y
10

! g (x) co-ordinate is subtracted from the

f (x) y co-ordinate

5
x
-10

-5

10

-5
-10

http://www.geocities.com/fatmuscle/HSC/ 7

Maths Extension 2 - Graphs

y = f ( x).g ( x)
y

! y co-ordinates are multiplied

10

5
5
x
x
-5

-10

-5

10

-5
-10

-5

y=

f ( x)
g ( x)
y

! Reciprocal, Multiplication rule

1
f ( x).
g ( x)

x
-5

-5

y
10
5
x
-10

-5

10

-5
-10

http://www.geocities.com/fatmuscle/HSC/ 8

Maths Extension 2 - Graphs

y = f [g (x)]
! Composite functions
y = f (u ) , u = g (x)

y
10

Take:
f ( x) = e x
g ( x) = sin x

5
x
-10

-5

10

-5
-10

y
10

10

uy

ux
-10

-5

10

x
-10

-5

-5

-5

-10

-10

10

http://www.geocities.com/fatmuscle/HSC/ 9