Theodore Roosevelt: Leading the

Charge to Build the Panama Canal

By: Bhuvaneswari Sundararajan

Annotated Bibliography
Primary Resources:
Magazine Article:
Schoonover, Thomas. "Digging Across Panama." Humanities Jan.-Feb. 2011: 1. Web.
20.Oct.2014.
<http://www.neh.gov/humanities/2011/januaryfebruary/feature/digging-across-panama>
Information on the process of building the Panama Canal was included in this magazine article.
Facts of how and what was used to build the Panama Canal and the disease that spread through
causing a large number of deaths. Also, why they build the locks the special construction plan
that was used to build the Panama Canal, is included. These facts helped me to provide some
info on before and after, and the purpose of the construction of the Panama Canal.
Newspaper Articles:
Held up the Wrong Man. New York Times. Harpers Weekly, 21 Nov. 1903. Web.27 Sept.
2014.
<http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/harp/1121.html?module=Search&mabRew
ard=relbias%3As%2C%7B%222%22%3A%22RI%3A15%22%7D>
I used this newspaper article to include some info about why Theodore wanted to build the canal.
Also, this article provided me some information about peoples point of view on what Theodore
did, to get Panama from Colombia, which represents the article: Held up the Wrong Man.
This is one of the source that I found useful to state peoples opinion in which Theodore didnt
bother to take much care that shows me the confidence that no matter what happened, he is ready
to face.
"President May Send Congress Panama Letters." The Washington Times 15 Nov. 1903: n. pag.
Print.
<http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026749/1903-11-15/ed-1/seq
1/#date1=1836&index=0&rows=20&words=Panama+revlution&searchType=basic&sequence=0
&state=&date2=1922&proxtext=panama+revlution&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&pa
ge=1>
Stating information of the events before the Panama revolution and the plan that United States
held to get Panama from Colombia is included in this newspaper article. This newspaper article
helped me with information about how the idea came to Americans to start a revolution.
2

"The First Mountain to Be Removed." New York Times. HARPER'S WEEKLY, 2001. Web. 04
Nov. 2014.
<http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/harp/0722.html?module=Search&mabRew
ard=relbias%3Ar%2C%7B%222%22%3A%22RI%3A14%22%7D>
This newspaper article provided me information on the diseases (yellow fever and malaria) that
spread through, killing thousands people during the construction of the Panama Canal. Also, the
process that William Crawford Gorgas took to destroy the diseases and provide the facilities that
is needed for the workers. This source helped me with the provisions that the workers were able
to get while facing dangerous situations as if giving their own life at risk.
"I'M OFF FOR THE DITCH: PRESIDENT'S FAREWELL; Starts from Washington to Inspect
Panama Canal. WILL SEE LABOR CONDITIONS His Voyage Violates the Traditions of the
United States for Over a Hundred Years."I'M OFF FOR THE DITCH. New York Times, 09
Nov. 1906. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.
<http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archivefree/pdf?res=9F02EEDB1631E733A2575AC0A9679D946797D6CF>
This newspaper article talks about Theodore Roosevelts trip to Panama to see the conditions and
to give a speech in Panama. His actions to control the diseases that spread and the commitments
that he made to the specialists, shows how determined and caring he was on his goal. I mainly
used this newspaper to tell Theodore Roosevelts actions as a president and his characteristics on
why this goal seemed so important to him.
Photographs or Image:
Panama Canal. Digital image. Photographyblog.dallasnews.com. N.p., 06 Nov. 2012. Web. 04
Nov. 2014.
<http://photographyblog.dallasnews.com/2012/11/today-in-photo-history-1906-teddy-rooseveltvisits-panama-canal-project.html/>
This photograph illustrates Theodore Roosevelt on a steam shovel during the construction of the
Panama Canal which he assigned during his presidency. After analyzing this photograph, I
concluded the relationship between Theodore and Panama Canal.

Wide World. Photos. When President Theodore Roosevelt Visited Panama Canal in 1906. Digital image.
Loc.gov. N.p., 1906. Web. 11 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2013650928/>.

This digital image illustrates Theodore Roosevelt and his wife Edith Roosevelt, seated on a flag
draped railroad tram; others accompany the Roosevelts on their tour of the Panama Canal Zone.
After examining this image or Photograph, I was able to get more detailed information on his
leadership.
Visiting Congressmen Review a Map of the Canal. Digital image. Pbs.org. Georgetown
University, n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/panama-engineers/>
John Stevens showing the map to plan the ways to construct the canal, to other engineers. He
came up with the idea to build the locks and gates in order to control the path for a ship to cross
the two oceans in the rainy, jungle. I used this detailed image to extract on how engineers
worked to represent the Americas strength in engineering.
Marines at Panama. Digital image. Www.czbrats.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.czbrats.com/CuPA/barbier/Marinesz.JPG>

Soldiers saluting and welcoming President Theodore Roosevelt to Panama, becoming the first
president to go out of the country, during administration. Including this image, it reveals the
importance of the presidency of Theodore Roosevelts leadership.
President Roosevelt Passing through the Canal Zone. Digital image. Loc.gov. N.p., Nov. 1906.
Web. 12 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2009633767/>.

This image illustrates Theodore Roosevelt passing through the Canal Zone. After studying this
photograph, I summarized this detailed description of what Theodore was trying to do, to
stabilize his goal and Americas power.
Photograph of Theodore Roosevelt. Digital image. Http://archive.cyark.org/. Mount Rushmore
National Memorial, n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
<http://archive.cyark.org/photograph-of-theodore-roosevelt-2-media>
Theodore gets his reward for charging to build the Panama Canal by getting his face to be carved
in Mount Rushmore (legacy).

Theodore Roosevelt and the Panama Canal. Digital image.Http://www.fasttrackteaching.com/.

David Burns, 2012. Web. 25 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.fasttrackteaching.com/burns/Unit_6_World/U6_Panama_Canal.html>
Crowd cheering as Theodore Roosevelt gives his persuasive speech in Panama, to give a
solution, to cure the diseases, and motivate the workers to build the greatest engineering project
in the global power. I included this image to give Theodore Roosevelts actions to captivate
people to stabilize the country in a strong position.
Panama Canal: American Experience. Digital image.Http://interactive.wxxi.org/. Courtesy of
NARA, 03 Apr. 2013. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
Image illustrating the construction of the Miraflores locks in 1912 and it gave me a visual idea of
how large the locks were built representing the great engineering project.
Workers at the Panama Canal. Digital image. Canalmuseum.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.canalmuseum.com/photos/panamacanalphoto050.htm>

Hundreds of workers who came from different countries, working in Panama facing dangers and
obstacles with nature and engineering.
Panama Canal Construction Showing. Digital image.Http://fineartamerica.com/. N.p., n.d. Web.
23 Nov. 2014.
<http://fineartamerica.com/featured/2-panama-canal-construction-showing-everett.html>
Image illustrating workers in Panama loading holes with dynamite, point 2 on June 6, 1909 and
some workers are standing on a wooden crate called DuPont.
How the Panama Canal Works. Digital image.Http://geography.howstuffworks.com. N.p., n.d.
Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
<http://geography.howstuffworks.com/central-america/panama-canal1.htm>
This image talks about the lock-type canal and the sea-level canal which gave me an idea about
the difference in between them.
Yellow Fever and Malaria in the Canal. Digital image. Pbs.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/panama-fever/>

Workers in Panama spraying chemicals to kill the mosquitoes which cause diseases to the
workers and were unable to work. This is one of the main problem that engineers faced while
working in Panama.

The Big Ditch. Digital image. Panama Canal Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2014.
<http://cms.uflib.ufl.edu/pcm/timeline.aspx>
Stone wall of an image representing men at the Panama Canal for The Big Ditch.
Digital image. Oceans Connected- The Panama Canal. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.pearlislandliving.com/2011/09/27/oceans-connected-the-panama-canal-2/>
Illustrating the image of the present view of the Panama Canal.
Theodore Roosevelt- the 26th President. Digital image.Http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/History/presidents/Presidents_26_Roosevelt.htm>
Photographing Theodore Roosevelt giving a persuasive speech in the Panama Canal.
Maps:
"TRANSPORTATION-THEY SAY WE HAD A REVOLUTION." Www.econedlink.org. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
Map illustrating the route before and after the Panama Canal construction. This map helped me
get a visual idea of the path and why the Panama Canal is so important (purpose).
"Crossing the Continental Divide: The Building of the Panama Canal."Traveloutward.com. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
The path or the route of the Panama Canal with all the locks included in this map which gave me
a visualization of how the Panama Canal is shaped.
"The Panama Canal Profile." Http://www.tylersterritory.com/. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
This detailed map gave me a side view of the locks, oceans, lakes, cities and other important
places. I gained info on the construction of the Panama Canal from this map.

Cartoons:
Rogers, William Allen. "Held up the Wrong Man." PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT
REFUSING TO PAY COLOMBIA MILLIONS FOR PANAMA CANAL RIGHTS, 21 Nov. 1903. N.p.:
n.p., n.d.Print.
<http://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=November&Date=2>

Placing this cartoon in the first page of New York Times with big and bold title saying: Held up
the Wrong Man gives a real effective explanation of peoples point of view about Theodores
actions. Artist Rogers drew this cartoon of Theodore Roosevelt, who has a bag saying Millions
for Panama, but not paying the money asked by Colombia, and demanding harshly, to handover
Panama in which Colombia doesnt seem to be strong. In the background, Uncle Sam is
represented with a shovel, calling Theodore to start the construction. But in the other side, the
topic of this cartoon is Held up the Wrong Man which shows that people of America, doesnt
like what Theodore Roosevelt is doing and thought that he is acting like a pirate to the
neighboring countries. After analyzing this cartoon, I am able to conclude both perspectives.
(Theodore Roosevelt and the Common people).
Bettmann/CORBIS). Teddy Roosevelt-Carry a Big Stick and Speak Softly. Digital image.
History.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.history.com/photos/teddy-roosevelt/photo14>
Image showing Theodore Roosevelt carrying the big stick policy and walking through the
Caribbean sea pulling the cargoes and ships through the ocean. I included this image to show
how strong Theodore was on his plan to bring the United States global power stand out, to the
world.
"Panama Canal Treaty." Http://www.milestonedocuments.com/. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.
<http://www.milestonedocuments.com/documents/view/panama-canal-treaty>
Illustrating Theodore Roosevelt leading the workers to the Panama Canal. I included this
photograph to show how excited and determined he was, on the Panama Canal.
"The Man Behind The Egg." Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.
<https://sites.google.com/a/ncps-k12.org/amhnews-d-smith-2011/political/hay-bunau-varillatreaty>

Showing the United States buying the Panama Canal from Colombia in which a man
representing French who is starting a fire on the egg-Panama Canal which says that French is not
happy with United States growth.

Ferdinand D. Lesseps (1805-1894). Digital image.Http://www.scalarchives.com/. N.p., n.d. Web.

7 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.scalarchives.com/web/ricerca_risultati.asp?nRisPag=48&prmset=on&ANDOR=an
d&xesearch=suez+and+canal&ricerca_s=suez+canal&SC_PROV=RR&SC_Lang=ita&Sort=8>
Ferdinand D. Lesseps making a path for ships to pass through with one side representing Egyptthe Suez Canal and the other side for Panama representing jungle or rainforest.
Letters:
Roosevelt, Theodore. "Roosevelt Writes from the Canal Zone to Panamas President Amador."
Letter to President Manuel Amador. 16 Nov. 1906. MS. White House, Washington.
<http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?theodore-roosevelt-panama-canal,-zone>
This letter is written by Theodore Roosevelt to President of the Panama Mr. Manuel Amador. In
this letter Theodore thanked him by the antiques that was sent, and he described his important
possession of the Panama Canal: I took the Canal Zone, he said, and let Congress debate.
"Panama Canal Proposal, 1881." The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. N.p., n.d.
Web. 24 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/empire-building/resources/panama-canalproposal-188>
A letter that Ulysses S. Grant wrote about the construction of the Panama Canal saying that this
is not a normal project and will cause many people to die because of the construction and
diseases. This helped me for the reasons that its hard to construct which shows the obstacles that
was faced.
Websites:
"Theodore Roosevelt and the Panama Canal." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2014.
< http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/tr-panama/>
This source includes information on what kind of person Theodore was and the aftermath of
Panama Canal. The plan of what would be saved due to the Panama Canal was also included. I
included this information on the aftermath of the Panama Canal.

"PANAMA CANAL TIMELINE." Panama Canal Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2014.
<http://cms.uflib.ufl.edu/pcm/timeline.aspx>

This source is important in which it contains the timeline of the events that held during that time.
This website gave me a visual idea of how and what people did during that time period.
"Keeping the Spirit Alive." Theodore Roosevelt Association(TRA). N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct.
2014.
<http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/site/c.elKSIdOWIiJ8H/b.8684643/k.9DB0/Brief_Biography.
htm>
This website talks about Theodore Roosevelts life: as president, soldier, hunter, conservationist,
hunter, author, family man, naval strategist. Legacies of his life, things he faced during his
presidency, personal life and more. These data give me a basic idea about Theodore Roosevelts
characteristics.
"BRIA 21 2 B This Great Enterprise : Theodore Roosevelt and the Panama Canal Constitutional Rights Foundation." Http://www.crf-usa.org/. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-21-2-b-this-great-enterprise-theodoreroosevelt-and-the-panama-canal.html>
Introducing the legacy of the Panama Canal, the website starts off with the idea of the Panama
Canal emerging to the great enterprise that was made between U.S and Panama, and a little info
on other events that led to this action. I mainly used this website to provide information on the
treaty between U.S and Colombia.
"Timeline: Creating the Canal." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/panama/1&2/>

This website contains the timeline of the creation of the Panama Canal, and the events and dates
are also included. I used this source to include information on when, where and how the events
held, in my website.
"Tropical Diseases and the Construction of the Panama Canal, 19041914."Open Collections
Program: Contagion,. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2014.
<http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/contagion/panamacanal.html>
This website gave me information on the diseases that spread and the difficulties faced by the
workers, and people who tried to solve that problem. After analyzing the information, I
concluded, by including the conflicts that is faced by nature.

Videos:
The Roosevelts- An Intimate Story. Dir. Ken Burns. Perf. Theodore Roosevelt.THIRTEEN.
THIRTEEN-WNET, 14 Sept. 2014. Web. 06 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.thirteen.org/programs/the-roosevelts-an-intimate-history/education-clip-theodoreroosevelt-and-the-panama-canal/>
This video talked about the process of getting the Panama from Colombia, and the procedure of
the construction of the Panama Canal, and the problems that was faced by the workers. Also,
after the construction the Panama Canal and Theodore Roosevelts legacy is talked in this video.
I included some of the information from this video on the obstacles that was faced.
"American Experience - TR, The Story of Theodore Roosevelt - part1/4 (PBS Documentary)."
YouTube. YouTube, 26 Sept. 2014. Web. 02 Nov. 2014.
< http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4J2z-jN4XtA>
This video is a documentary on Theodore Roosevelts early life, personal life and career.
Information on his medications, his parents, education, his love, actions he took to face the
society was all included. These information gave the basic understanding of him and his
characteristics, letting myself know what kind of person he was.
"TR's Arrival in Panama, November 1906 [2] / | Library of Congress." Library of Congress. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.loc.gov/item/mp76000087/>
This video contains clips of Theodore Roosevelt at the Panama Canal, and quotes that were
known the best and the idea of building the canal, and the legacy of the Panama Canal and the
great achievement was included. I used these info on Theodore Roosevelts leadership, in my
website.
The Panama Canal. Perf. Theodore Roosevelt, Workers, Specialists. American Experience. PBS
Video, 03 Apr. 2013. Web. 26 Nov. 2014.
<http://video.pbs.org/video/1747929120/>
This source is extremely important for me because this video covered all the events from the rise
of the idea to the first ship that passed through the Panama Canal. Also, this video didnt only
concentrate about the Panama Canal and Theodore Roosevelt, but other specialists who made an
importance in specific obstacles that was faced. After seeing this video, I extracted many
information on significant people, dates and events which I used, in my website.

10

Records:
File:Panama, Employment Records from the Panama Canal (13-0585) Service Record Card
(front) DGS 100266593 1397.jpg.
<https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/File:Panama,_Employment_Records_from_the_Panama_
Canal_(13-0585)_Service_Record_Card_(front)_DGS_100266593_1397.jpg >
This file helped me a lot with the prove of the workers who worked on the Panama Canal
project. This record has information of the persons salary, place, job, position and more. I used
these information to tell the life of the workers.
Books:
"Theodore Roosevelt- " the Man with the Muck Rake"" The Greatest American Speeches: The
Stories and Transcripts of the Words That Changed History. London: Quercus, 2006. 68-72.
Print.
This book gave me full description of Theodore Roosevelts life, and his career, the famous
quotes that he gave out in each situation. I mainly used this source to provide information on
what he said that attracted most of the people. The quotes also inferred me on Theodore
Roosevelts perspective such as: his goals, and his view of the world.
Autobiography:
Bunau-Varilla, Philippe. The Great Adventure of Panama: Wherein Are Exposed Its Relation to
the Great War and Also the Luminous Traces of the German Conspiracies against France and the
United States. Garden City: Doubleday, Page, 1920. Print.
<http://net.lib.byu.edu/estu/wwi/comment/Panama/PanamaTC.htm>
An autobiography of Bunau-Varilla about the adventures of the panama Canal talks about the
events that held during that time period, Theodore Roosevelts thoughts (point of view) and
quotes, and his actions and reaction. I mainly used this autobiography to include other peoples
view of opposing or accepting.

11

Journals:
"Make the Dirt Fly!" PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/panama-hardeveld/>
This source contained a journal of Rose van Hardeveld who stayed in panama during the
construction and wrote down the experience of peoples lives in Panama, everyday. This source
gave me the understanding of life in Panama. Also, I extracted many quotes from this journal to
give a real life experience that people faced.
Audio:
Louis Von Der Mehden Jr, J, and Victor Military Band. Through The Panama Canal. Victor
Military. Rec. 2013. Victor, n.d. CD.
<http://www.loc.gov/item/jukebox.4701/>

Through the Panama Canal- a descriptive fantasy called Victor Military Band representing the
subject- progressive era to new era. I used this audio to understand the real value of the Panama
Canal.
Animaniacs. Animaniacs - The Panama Canal Theme Song. Miscellaneous.
Http://www.lyricsmania.com/. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.lyricsmania.com/the_panama_canal_lyrics_animaniacs.html>

N.d.

This audio recording is a song describing the path through Panama Canal and I included this
audio to get a better understanding of the Panama Canals purpose.

12

Secondary Resources:
Websites:
"Theodore Roosevelt." The White House. The White House, n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/theodoreroosevelt>
This source gave me information about how Theodore Roosevelt was elected and his personal
problems that he faced. Also, what he said to common people (quotes). I mainly used this source
to give a better understanding to myself on what kind of person Theodore Roosevelt is.
"The Panama Canal." International School of Medical Sciences. Republic of Panama, 2011.
Web. 18 Nov. 2014.
<https://www.isms.edu.pa/the-panama-canal>
This website talks about Panama Canals legacy, the making of the medical history, and the
expansion project (construction). After reading and analyzing, I gained helpful information on
the unique construction plan that was held to stabilize the American power in the world.
Beard, Mary, and Charles Beard. "PROGRESSIVE DEMOCRACY AND THE WORLD WAR."
History of the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2014.
<https://www.marxists.org/archive/beard/history-us/ch21.htm>
The section Panama Canal in this website has numerous amount of information on Theodore
Roosevelt comparatively to other sources. This website contained the main reasons of why the
Panama Canal was built and the process that is being played before the great improvement. I
gained information on the important dates, places, people, and treaties, which most of them were
included in my website.
"Make the Dirt Fly!" Smithsonian Institution Libraries: Make the Dirt Fly! N.p., n.d. Web. 20
Nov. 2014.
<http://www.sil.si.edu/Exhibitions/Make-the-Dirt-Fly/whybuild.html>
This website contains many information on United States action on building the Panama Canal
and also contains many primary sources such as maps, journals, personal narratives of the travels
and more. I used some of the text information from this website, including many primary
sources.

13

Yarbrough, Jean M. "Theodore Roosevelt: Progressive Crusader." The Heritage Foundation.

N.p., 24 Sept. 2012. Web. 24 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/09/theodore-roosevelt-progressive-crusader>
Life of Theodore Roosevelt is included in this website which contains one of his greatest
achievement such as: the Panama Canal. His ethics is also included on this topic which gave me
a whole new impression on him. I used this source to state my own opinion of Theodore
Roosevelts leadership and legacy.
"Quote of the Day." Theodore Roosevelt Quotes. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.quotes.net/authors/Theodore+Roosevelt>
Containing quotes of Theodore Roosevelt of the Panama Canal, this website gave me a stabilized
source of quotes of Theodore Roosevelt. I used most of these quotes of Theodore Roosevelt in
my website, to give an idea of the different perspectives (view) on the Panama Canal (people and
Theodore).
"THE PANAMA CANAL 1880-1914." Panama Canal. Www.globalsecurity.org, n.d. Web. 19
Nov. 2014.
<http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/panama-canal-lesseps.htm>
This website gave me information on Ferdinand De Lesseps who first got the plan to build a
canal by the French company. I used this information in the French Private Enterprise with
Panama, in my project.
MillerCenter.American President: Theodore Roosevelt: Impact and Legacy.N.P.
n.d.wed.11.Oct.2014.
<http://millercenter.org/president/roosevelt/essays/biography/9>
I expect to use this data or information by telling the legacy that happened after the Panama
Canal was built. Also, information about what Theodore continued to work on the ideals, even
after he left the office. I also want to use this data to provide information on the impact of
Theodores action toward Panama and Colombia. Also, I want to tell what kind of person he
was, by telling his personalities and actions toward other countries.

14

"Make the Dirt Fly!/ Civil Engineering." Smithsonian Institution Libraries: Make the Dirt Fly!
N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.sil.si.edu/Exhibitions/Make-the-Dirt-Fly/civengineer.html>
This website includes data on the unique construction plan such as: how people came up with the
idea, how they built it, and life of the workers. I used this info on one of the obstacles that was
faced while constructing the Panama Canal.
"The Panama Canal." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.ushistory.org/us/44g.asp>
This website talks about the obstacles and the legacy of constructing the Panama Canal. I
basically used this source to get a basic idea on the construction of the Panama Canal in my
website.
"Imperialism in Latin America." Tdl.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.
<http://tdl.org/txlor-dspace/bitstream/handle/2249.3/187/06_imp_lat_am.htm>
This source gave me information on the advantages of the Panama Canal, and before, after and
during the construction of the Panama Canal. The aftermath of the Panama Canal and a little
information on the next president William Howard Taft about the Panama Canal dollar
diplomacy was also included. After I analyzed this source, I got the whole idea of before, after
and during events that are related to Theodore Roosevelt and the Panama Canal.
"Manuel Amador Guerrero." Http://www.pancanal.com/. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.pancanal.com/eng/history/proceres/guerrero.html>
This website talks about Manuel Amador Guerreros life and most importantly his presidency of
Panama and his actions to the Hay-Bunau Varilla treaty. I used this source mainly on his actions
to the Panama Canal construction and treaty.
Interview:
"President Roosevelt Decides to Build the Panama Canal." Interview by Maurice Joyce and
Richard Rael. Http://www.manythings.org/. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.manythings.org//voa/history/149.html>
This interview really helped me with my website. Maurice Joyce and Richard Rael talk about the
process from Theodore Roosevelt and the idea to build the Panama Canal to the legacy of the
great achievement. This interview gave me a complete understanding of the time era.

15

Pdf:
Hason, David C. "Theodore Roosevelt and the Panama Canal." Theodore Roosevelt and the
Panama Canal. Virginia Western Community College, n.d. Web. 27 Sept.2014.
<http://www.upa.pdx.edu/IMS/currentprojects/TAHv3/Content/PDFs/Roosevelt_Panama_Canal.
pdf>
I expect to use this pdf to give an introduction of what was going on during that time period. I
used this source for defining the challenges that was faced to get the land and the construction of
the Panama Canal. Also, to provide information on what he said to the common people and the
American government. The data also includes the quotes that was said at that time by Theodore
and the common people. I have to extract those quotes to draw a logical conclusion on his
thought.
"Avalon Project - Convention for the Construction of a Ship Canal (Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty),
November 18, 1903."Http://avalon.law.yale.edu/. Ed. Barry Sklar and Virginia M. Hagen. YALE
LAW SCHOOL, 1972. Web. 18 Nov. 2014.
<http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/pan001.asp>
This source gave me a lot of information and data about each event leading to the construction of
the Panama Canal and the aftermath that occurred through the establishment. Each article in this
source gives a specific event that held during that time period. After going through all this
articles in this source, I got a complete understanding of the events during that period of time.
Maurer, Noel, and Carlos Yu. "What T. R. Took: The Economic Impact of the Panama Canal,
1903-1937." The Journal of Economic History 68.3 (2008): 686-721.
Www.hbs.edu.Web.17,Oct.2014.
<http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/06-041.pdf>.
This pdf includes the income and the outcome for the government on the Panama Canal Project.
Information on how much was spent for the construction, water shipping, rail shipping, fixed and
variable shipping cost estimates, estimated shipping cost per ten-mile and more. These info can
be used to prove the economical advantages of the Panama Canal.

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Biographies (Books):
Fritz, Jean, and Mike Wimmer. Bully for You, Teddy Roosevelt! New York: G.P. Putnam's,
1991. Print.
This biography is taken from the childrens section and I used this biography to get a basic idea
on Theodore Roosevelts life and the charge to build the Panama Canal. I didnt really use much
of the text information on my website but, got a prior knowledge on what kind of person
Theodore is.
Stefoff, Rebecca. Theodore Roosevelt: 26th President of the United States. Ada, OK: Garrett
Educational, 1989. Print.
This book gave me information on Theodore Roosevelts career and personal life. Information
on the Rough Riders, Respectable Family, Republican Hero, Vice-President to President, and
The Second-Term, let me know more on Theodore Roosevelts perspective. This book also
contains cartoons of that time which gave me a better understanding on what people thought
about the events that Theodore did.
Garraty, John A. Theodore Roosevelt; the Strenuous Life. New York: American Heritage Pub.;
Distribution by Harper & Row, 1967. Print.
This book contained a lot of information on Theodore Roosevelts determined life, from
childhood to the end of his life. All of the jobs and power that he held on during his life, his
legacy, victories and defeats was also included in this book. This book gave me the experience of
Theodores whole life, which I used to understand Roosevelts perspective and leadership.
Dalton, Kathleen. A Better Democrat. Theodore Roosevelt: A Strenuous Life. New York: Alfred
A. Knopf, 2002. N. pag. Print.
This biography book contains many information of Theodore Roosevelt who faced a lot of
challenges. I mainly used the section A Better Democrat which talks about Theodore
Roosevelt actions to the Panama Canal such as: the difficulties that were faced, the plan to reach
his goal and the legacy of his achievement.

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Lorant, Stefan. "I Took Panama" and "Building the Canal" The Life and times of Theodore
Roosevelt. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1959. N. pag. Print.
As I read this biography, I got a whole new point of view on Theodore Roosevelt with different
perspectives. This book contained info on Roosevelts action to the Panama Canal, his different
point of view according to people, his determination which gave success to America; all these
info gave me a new understanding of him. Also, this biography contains many images and
cartoons which I used most of them in my project and it gave me a complete understanding of
Theodore Roosevelt and the Panama Canal
Miller, Nathan. Theodore Roosevelt: A Life. New York: Miller, 1992. Print.
This biography provided me info on Theodore Roosevelts life of obstacles, enjoyment,
determination, cries, achievement and more. These data gave me a complete understanding of
Theodore Roosevelts life and I mostly used this source for his charge and motivation on the
construction of the Panama Canal.
Jeffers, H. Paul. "To Learn To Swim, You Must Get into the Water and A Bear Named Teddy''
Roosevelt the Explorer: Theodore Roosevelt's Amazing Adventures as a Naturalist,
Conservationist, and Explorer. Lanham, MD: Taylor Trade Pub., 2002. N. pag. Print.
This biography offered me much information on Roosevelts action to the Panama Canal and the
aftermath of the great achievement. These info gave me the whole process of building the
Panama Canal.
Videos:
"The Panama Canal: Against All Odds." YouTube. YouTube, 26 June 2013. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOTA-S9MovE>
This video gave me information on the obstacles that was faced during the construction and a
little information on the past and the present of the incredible achievement. Mostly, this video
talks about the diseases that spread through, killing thousands of people. Also, information on
Theodore Roosevelts determination on the Panama Canal construction project and the steps that
he took in order to accomplish the goal, all these info took place in this video. Some of the
information in my website was found from this video.

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"Teddy Roosevelt & the Panama Canal 1905." YouTube. 26 July 2008. Web. 18 Oct. 2014.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Ohcr0wOkw8>
This video gave me information on the diseases called yellow fever and Malaria, which impacted
the workers at the Panama Canal and Gorges who solved that problem. The construction on the
Panama Canal was also included and information on what it was named after the canal was built.
These information gave me the real feeling as if I was living during that time period, explaining
the moments of what people did behind this incredible achievement.
"Theodore Roosevelt." Bio.com. N.d. Video., n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2014.

<http://www.biography.com/people/theodore-roosevelt-9463424>
This video is a biography that talks all about Theodore Roosevelts life. Information on his early
life, political life, U.S presidency, travel and post presidency politics, and death and legacy was
also included. This video gave me a basic knowledge on Theodore Roosevelt and his leadership
and legacy.

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