Digital image. Edc2.healthtap. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2014.

<https://edc2.healthtap.com/htstaging/user_answer/reference_image/4520/large/Bones.jpeg
?1386669050>.

*Some information in this presentation

comes from outside sources

My name is Aarti Walia

My mentor is Dr. Kuldip Kaul, an

endocrinologist

Bay Area Diabetes & Endocrinology

My project topic is Osteoporosis

Independent Study Mentorship Fall 2014

Mrs. Click

MBBS: Govt, Medical College, Srinagar, Kashmir, India 1973

M.D. (General Medicine): Post graduate Institute of Medical

Education & Research, Chandigarh, 1977

M.D. (Endocinology): Post graduate Institute of Medical

Education & Research, Chandigarh, 1978

Texas State License 1981

Students choose a mentor within their chosen topic of study

with whom to work with the remainder of the semester.
The course includes intense research, original idea
generation, original product design, and a presentation of what
they learned at the end of the semester.
Students learn:

Professionalism
Time management
Effective oral and written communication
Interpersonal skills
Interviewing
resume writing, and
goal setting

To help prepare these students for success after high school.

 What

is it?

A medical condition in which the bones become

brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a

result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of
calcium or vitamin D
What

about Osteoporosis?

 Why

did I choose it?

Because I originally did not know that

endocrinologists diagnose and treat osteoporosis

so I thought it was interesting how a career
relating to the endocrine system can also deal
with bones

 What

is osteoporosis?

What the disease really is and prognosis

The

medications & treatments used for each

There are many different ways to treat this disease

and I want to highlight the major ones

The

effects for each one and which is the one

patients mostly use
To educate my audience to know what they re going

into if they ever encounter this disease

What

recent research has come up with

Some people think of bones as hard and

lifeless, but they are actually living, growing
tissue. Your bones are made up of three
components that make them flexible and
strong:

Collagen: A protein that gives bones a flexible

framework

Calcium-phosphate mineral complexes: Make

bones hard and strong

Living bone cells: Remove and replace weakened

sections of bone

Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2014.

<http://www.skullsunlimited.com/userfiles/image/category3_famil
y_241_large.jpg>.

"Live with Osteoporosis." National Osteoporosis Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2014.
<http://nof.org/live>.

Children and teenagers form bone faster than they lose bone.

Children's bones continue getting denser until they peak bone mass, the point when you have the
greatest amount of bone you will ever have.

Peak bone mass usually happens around the ages of 18 and 25.

The more bone you have at the time of peak bone mass, the less likely you are to break a bone or

get osteoporosis later in life.

After you reach peak bone mass, the balance between bone formation and bone loss might start to
change. You may start to slowly lose more bone than you form.

Between the ages of 40-60, bone loss usually speeds up in both men and women. For most
women, bone loss increases after menopause, when estrogen levels drop sharply. Increasing the
chance of getting osteoporosis.
"Live with Osteoporosis." National Osteoporosis Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2014.
<http://nof.org/live>.

Osteoporosis is the most common type of bone disease.

Osteoporosis increases the risk for breaking a bone.

About half of all women over the age of 50 will have a
fracture of the hip, wrist, or vertebra during their lifetime.

A medical condition in which the bones become brittle

and fragile from loss of tissue

Usually a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of

calcium or vitamin D

A genetic disorder, if your parents have it, you might too.

Medicines to treat osteoporosis can help prevent future

fractures. But spine bones that have already collapsed
cannot be reversed.

Osteoporosis can cause a person to become disabled

from weakened bones

Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2014.

<http://strictlynononsense.com/acediets/wpcontent/uploads/2011/06/Osteoporosis-bone.jpg>.

"Live with Osteoporosis." National Osteoporosis Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2014. <http://nof.org/live>.

On the handout

 On

the handout

 First

I will create a survey for some of Dr.

Kauls patients to answer and then Ill
create a website about the medications
used, the disease and what people usually
take and make them feel better

 http://osteoporosishelp.weebly.com/
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1mLhdQ2

YDHBfUHAHS7Zz4vesC8YXBbsAeem7zlv
tOufc/viewform?c=0&w=1&usp=mail_form
_link

54 million Americans have either low bone mass or osteoporosis

Osteoporosis usually causes broken bones in the spine, wrist and hip.
Osteoporosis causes you to stop doing what you enjoy because of the dangers in
breaking bones
Breaking the spine can affect posture, you can have a stoop or hunch
Known as a silent disease
Osteoporosis causes 2 million broken bones and $19 billion
80% of people with Osteoporosis are women
Caucasian women are more at risk
When a female reaches menopause, the risk of osteoporosis increases due to the
decrease of the level of estrogen causing a loss of bone mass
To maintain bone health teens should, exercise, dont smoke or drink and get enough
calcium and vitamin D
Pregnancy can cause temporary bone loss and is regained after giving birth
Breast feeding can also cause temporary bone loss and recovers over time and with the
help of calcium and Vitamin D

This source has a vast amount of information regarding Osteoporosis. It is the national foundation for
osteoporosis. It is dedicated to promoting strong bones, preventing osteoporosis, and reducing the
pain through research, education and advocacy. This website is very up to date and gives me the
most reliable information out the

"National Osteoporosis Foundation." National Osteoporosis Foundation.

N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2014. <http://nof.org/>.

Bone is a living tissue that is always absorbed and replaced

One gets osteoporosis when bones can not make new bone but continue losing bone
There are barely any symptoms because it is a silent disease
You should talk to your doctor if you have back pain due to a fractured or collapsed
vertebrae, loss of height, a bone fracture that occurred more easily than it should have and
a stooped posture
If you are an Asian or white woman, you have the greatest risk of developing osteoporosis
and especially after menopause
Smaller the frame size of your body the greater the risk you are at for developing
osteoporosis
Bone density is measured with an X-ray to see the proportion of minerals in your bones
For men and women the most common source of medication is a bisphosphonates like
Alendronate, Risedronate, Ibandronate, and Zoledronic acid
Estrogen helps maintain a womans bone density
The MayoClinic website has about the same information that the previous source had but
not has much depth. Its clear and concise and clearly understood. Didnt give me much
information about the tests and what the levels should be at.
"Osteoporosis." Definition. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/osteoporosis/basics/definition/con-20019924>.

Little excercise, low calcium diet, and smoking increases the risk of osteoporosis
Since childhood the bones go through remodeling, in which the body makes more bone than it removes
2 million men over the age of 65 have osteoporosis
55% of people over the age of 50 are at a high risk of developing osteoporosis
During the first 5-10 years after menopause, women lose about an average of 2.5% yearly, which can amount to 25% during that time.
About half of the women over the age of 50 will break their bones due to osteoporosis
1 out of 4 men over the age of 50 will break their bones due to osteoporosis
Weight-bearing exercises stimulate the cells that make new bone.
By increasing weight-bearing exercises, you encourage your body to form more bone. This can delay the destructive process of
osteoporosis that results in harmful fractures.
By adding strength training to everyday exercise routine one can improve their muscle strength and flexibility and reduce the chance of
falling.
Two types of osteoporosis in children, secondary juvenile osteoporosis and idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis
Secondary juvenile osteoporosis in children is a result of another disease disease for example rheumatoid arthritis may lower childrens
expected bone mass, especially near arthritic joints.
Some drugs can also lead to juvenile osteoporosis like chemotherapy, anticonvulsants for seizures, or steroids for arthritis.
Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis usually doesn't have a cause. Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis is rare. Usually develops before
puberty. Although bone density may return during puberty, children with this type may have lower peak bone mass as adults.
Children build about 90% of bone mass by the time they are 18 to 20. Losing bone mass during bone-building years can put children at
risk for long-term complications such as fracture

I really appreciated this source because it provided me with in depth information regarding osteoporosis in children which had never
really searched up before; this source also gave me valuable statistics and really allows the viewers of this website an in depth summary
of the disease.
"Osteoporosis Causes: Lack of Calcium and Exercise, Smoking, and More." WebMD.
WebMD, n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/guide/strong-bones>.

Osteoporosis medications that reduce bone resorption

Bisphosphonates

Calcitonin

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, e.g., Raloxifene

Estrogen/hormone therapy

Teriparatide, a parathyroid hormone increases bone formation:

Alendronate is more expensive than estrogen, but its ability to prevent fractures is similar to estrogen.
The use of Alendronate causes a shift towards bone formation by inhibiting bone resorption and has been shown to
increase bone mass.
Taken orally, bisphosphonates work slow the rate of bone thinning, preventing the development of osteoporosis and
reducing the risk of fracture
Boniva reduces bone loss, increases bone density and reduces the risk of spine fractures.
Long-term use of prednisone or cortisone causes glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a condition that is preventable and treatable (if caught in time).
Due to the fact that there isnt much awareness to treat and prevent the disease people especially, women over the
age of 50, suffer significant illness, deformity and sometimes death from this condition.
Osteoporosis does not cause back pain. But, osteoporosis can weaken the spine so that it can no longer handle
normal stress or a minor trauma like a fall, causing a fracture.
A fracture is usually the first outward sign of osteoporosis

This source was very in depth about osteoporosis medications, it summarized different kinds but I wish there were
side effects given.

"Osteoporosis Treatment." Spine-health. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2014.

<http://www.spine-health.com/conditions/osteoporosis/osteoporosis-treatment>.

After genetic predisposition, poor nutrition is the common cause of osteoporosis

Yogurt (fat-free, low-fat), milk (fat-free, 1% reduced-fat), soy milk, tofu with calcium (check nutrition label),
soybeans (edamame), frozen yogurt (fat-free, low-fat), low-fat ice cream, bok choy, white beans, kale,
collard greens, broccoli, almonds and almond butter are the best foods for calcium rich diet.
Calcium needs vitamin D. Vitamin D allows calcium to move from the gastrointestinal tract to the parts of
the body like the bones.
Without enough vitamin D, a childs bones can become so weak that they bow under the bodys own
weight, a disease called rickets.
In adults, lack of vitamin D means that the body borrows calcium from bones to feed the rest of the bodys
needs which eventually causes osteoporosis.
Vitamin D can be made in the body through a reaction of the skin and sunlight. Just ten to 15 minutes of
sun on the bare skin of the arms three or four times a week is enough to keep most of us healthy. Of
course, too much sunlight causes skin damage and premature aging, and may lead to skin cancer.
Vitamin D supplements are an easier way to gain all the Vitamin D one can need.
Magnesium also helps from preventing osteoporosis
good sources for Vitamin D are wild salmon, mackerel (not king), sardines, herring, fortified milk (fat-free,
1% reduced-fat), soy milk, fortified nonfat or low-fat yogurt, egg yolks, UV-treated mushrooms.

This source was valuable because it provided me with information that helped prevent osteoporosis with
food instead of medications.
"Diet and Treatment Tips for Osteoporosis." Www.joybauer.com. N.p., n.d.
Web. 05 Nov. 2014. <http://www.joybauer.com/osteoporosis.aspx>.

 Overview

what I have done.

Why I did what I did.
And any questions?

 Thank

you Dr. Kaul, Mrs. Click, and my

parents, Anu and Tarlok Walia

"Live with Osteoporosis." National Osteoporosis Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 12

Oct. 2014. <http://nof.org/live>.

"Osteoporosis - Overview: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." U.S National

Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 09 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000360.htm>.

"Osteoporosis Center: Symptoms, Treatments, Causes, Prevention, and Diet

and Exercise Recommendations." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/>.

"Osteoporosis." Definition. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2014.

<http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/osteoporosis/basics/definition/con-20019924>.

"Osteoporosis ." Osteoporosis. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2014.

<http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330598-overview>.