Daniela Rufin

Professor Syretta Massey

ENC 1101
November 6,2014
Chronic neck pain following crashes a populations-based study from Auckland, New Zealand.
Ameratunga.S.Tin,Connor J.,Norton R."Chronic neck pain following car crashes: a populationsbased study from Auckland, New Zealand".Internal Medicine Journal.(2009):International
Health.Web.27th of Oct.
"Significant neck discomfort limiting usual function is relatively common up to 18
months following crashes" .Following motor vehicle crashes commonly involve neck
pain and stiffness are commonly described. Recovery from these symptoms are attributed
to the difference in outcome, study population ,and different legislation and
compensation systems. The study shown was made to recruit all hospitalized drivers of
cars involved in serious non-fatal crashes. During the study 401survivors were potentially
eligible for the study, but 96.8% consented to participate. Out of 268 participants reported
neck pain or stiffness within 5 and 18 months after the crash and 70% reported that they
had to stop working as a result of moderate to severe symptoms. While there were no
significant differences in mean scores between the groups with and without neck
discomfort, there was a trend towards greater reductions in quality of life in the group
with neck symptoms. It was found that symptoms were suggestive of depression and
post-traumatic stress symptoms were associated with a higher risk of neck discomfort .In
conclusion the study from Auckland, New Zealand reveals the difficulties in health
outcomes to a particular condition that can appear when in a car accident.
The relationship between four-wheel drives and risky driving behaviors.
1

Daniela Rufin
Professor Syretta Massey
ENC 1101
November 6,2014
Bener A,Razzak JA,Crundall D,Allen KA."The relationship between four-wheel drives and risky
driving behaviors" .Int J Med Public Health 2014;4:280-6
"It is important to understand the association between risky driving behaviors and 4WD
crashes". Road traffic injuries make up the majority of death and disability globally. This
amount increases in countries due to rapid motorization of the population and other risk
factors like excessive speeding and traffic violations. While cars are very stable in
general and usually provide safety on the road they are associated with frequent crashes,
severe causalities and fatalities. Its shown that individual differences in a vehicle play a
role in driving performance. This study shows prevention and control of road traffic
accidents by correcting risky driving behaviors. The Manchester Driver Behavior
Questionnaire is one of the most popular instruments for measuring self-reporting driving
styles and also to investigate the relationship between driving behavior and accident
involvement. The Driver Skill inventory also known as DSI is also used to show safety
skills and gives you a twenty item self-reported measurements of perceptual-motor and
explanations as to how to control your own vehicile.DSI asked drivers to rate how weak
or strong they were on certain skills by using a 5-point scale less than half of the 4WD
drivers 41.1% and 25.6% of small car drivers were not wearing seatbelts (as shown in
table 2 of the article) the risk of injuries is higher when seatbelts were not involved.
However, drivers with small cars say that the main reason for not wearing their seatbelts
is because of their fear of getting trapped in their own vehicle.However,4WD driver have

Daniela Rufin
Professor Syretta Massey
ENC 1101
November 6,2014
a higher score on DBQ violation questions than drivers with smaller cars. As a result,
drivers of 4WD cars have a higher risk of crashes. They also involve more traffic
violations, lapses, and errors. By developing research strategies for preventing car
injuries, violations, and deaths it will most likely solve all these major health problems
and all the other issues involving road traffic problems.
Better ways to teach teens to drive
Shallenbarger,Sue."Better ways to teach teens to drive."Wall Street
Journal:(2014).Newspaper.25th of Oct.
New research has shown that new techniques and guides for teaching driving
lessons for young teens have appeared. Suzy Hoyle a parent of three children,
claims that it is important to gain confidence, learn their child's abilities, and
keeping the child calm at all times to get the results wanted. The accident rate for
teen drivers after they receive their license have also decreased however teens
would still need a lot more practice when they start driving alone .Even after
practice and supervision is given, study shows that 54% of teens would still make
major errors on the road .Study shows that as they continue being unsupervised
they more similar mistakes teens keep on making. Parents that teach their child
how to drive at night or during bad conditions will most likely perform better on
road safety tests afterward says some researchers. As the research shows the more

Daniela Rufin
Professor Syretta Massey
ENC 1101
November 6,2014
understandable ,less criticizing and calmer a parent is as they teach their teen how
to drive the more teens collaborate and perform better.

What's Driving You?

Spitznagel,Eric."What's Driving You?'.(2010)
In the book article "What's driving You?" the main idea involves a famous race
car driver Brian Vickers who as he races with a friend we start to acknowledge his
dangerous job that he continues to love. Brian Vickers is a 13-year Nascar veteran
and is acknowledged as the youngest driver ever to win a top-three Nascar series
but he also has a history for crashing ending up with four smashups in 2013.
"Aside the physical pain, crashing is really no big deal." he assures us. For a
Nascar driver the possibility of dying suddenly and violently is part of the job. At
the age of twenty six, Vickers almost died caused by a twelve car pileup inside his
veins .However, he thought he was invincible until the day he started having chest
pains and shortage of breathe one night. He ignored the pain till the morning and
called the doctors and they wanted him to come to the hospital immediately.
However, he took his time and went out for lunch and jogged all the way to the
hospital, After getting a CT from the doctors it revealed he had a life threatening
clotting condition, deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It's said that a race car could be

Daniela Rufin
Professor Syretta Massey
ENC 1101
November 6,2014
one of the biggest risk factors. The severity of the situation was really high and
overall he ended missing twenty six races for him to fully recover .It than later
states the four symptoms that a person should never ignore; light flashing in your
peripheral vision, a mysterious mole appearing, tooth weakness when you eat or
drink ,and the color of your urine. This is shown to indicate the importance of
time when symptoms are seen.

The Research into Head Injury Criteria Dependence on Car Speed

Vysniauskiene,Lina,Jurkauskas Algirdas."The Research Into Head Injury Criteria Dependence
On Car Speed".Transport.(2007):Transport Research Institute.Web.25th of Oct.
"It was more than 100 years ago when accidents were counted in such small numbers,
now a days this number reaches millions". Most of the population of car crashes happen
at the Frontal portion of the car, about 60% are Frontal crashes. Heavy injuries make up
10 to 12% of death in car crashes. However, the injury level in car accidents depend on
sex, age, specific, conditions and other reasons. There is although a high level of extreme
lower injuries than in the upper portion of a person's body. The more equipped a car is
the less risk of injuries. The use of seat-belts and air bags reduces injuries up to 50% of
car crashes. On the basis of NHSTA only seat-belts reduce is injured in 53% of cases and
the chest is injured in 20% of cases. Head injuries usually result in heavy cracked

Daniela Rufin
Professor Syretta Massey
ENC 1101
November 6,2014
cranium ,bone breaks, heavy concussions and cerebral hemorrhage which means that the
blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted. According to calculations the largest
HIC(Head Injury Criterion) is the observed in Peugeot 605 and the lowest in Lancia
Zeta.