C2H2 + 1.22ath (O2 + 3.76 N2) --> xC02 + yH2O + 0.

22ath O2 + z N2
C:
H:
O:

2=x
2 = 2y
2(1.22ath) = 2x + 1y + 2(0.22ath)

--> x = 2
--> y = 1
--> ath = 2.5

N2 :

(3.76)(1.22ath) = z

--> z = 11.468

1.22

0.22

2.5

3.05
2
1
0.55
11.468

C2H2 + 3.05(O2 + 3.76 N2) --> 2C02 + H2O + 0.55O2 + 11.468N2

-75000 = ((2)(-393520 + hCO2 - 9364) + (1)(-241820 + hH2O - 9904) + (0.55)(0 + hO2 - 8682)
+ (11.468)(0 + hN2 - 8669))
- ((1)(226730) + (3.05)(0 + 8736 - 8682) + (11.468)(0 + 8723 - 8669))
(Losses)
-75000

(Produk) + (2hCO2 + hH2O + 0.75hO2 + 12.22hN2 )

-1161683

2hCO2 + hH2O + 0.75hO2 + 12.22hN2

Estimasi h = (1322504/(2+1+0.55+11.468)

=
=

1314197.164
87508.13451

1309199.46

(Reaktan)
227513.97

coeff
@T 2400K

@T 2450K

h CO2 :
h H2O :
h O2 :
h N2 :

125152
103508
83174
79320

2
1
0.55
11.468

h CO2 :
h H2O :
h O2 :
h N2 :

128219
106183
85112
81149

2
1
0.55
11.468

Interpolasi :
1340049.332

T
2300
2341.9
2350

h
1340049.3
1314197.2
1309199.5

Calculation with 20 percent excess air :

C2H2 + 1.2ath (O2 + 3.76 N2) --> xC02 + yH2O + 0.2ath O2 + z N2

1.2

0.2
3

C:
H:
O:

2=x
2 = 2y
2(1.2ath) = 2x + 1y + 2(0.2ath)

--> x = 2
--> y = 1
--> ath = 2.5

N2 :

(3.76)(1.2ath) = z

--> z = 11.28

2
1
0.5

2.5

11.28

C2H2 + 3(O2 + 3.76 N2) --> 2C02 + H2O + 0.5O2 + 11.28N2

-75000 = ((2)(-393520 + hCO2 - 9364) + (1)(-241820 + hH2O - 9904) + (0.5)(0 + hO2 - 8682)
+ (11.28)(0 + hN2 - 8669))
- ((1)(226730) + (3)(0 + 8736 - 8682) + (11.28)(0 + 8723 - 8669))
(Losses)
-75000

(Produk) + (2hCO2 + hH2O + 0.5hO2 + 11.28hN2 )

-1159619

2hCO2 + hH2O + 0.5hO2 + 11.28hN2

Estimasi h = (1312120/(2+1+0.5+11.28)
coeff
@T 2400K h CO2 :
125152
2
h H2O :
103508
1
h O2 :
83174
0.5
h N2 :
79320
11.28

=
=

1312120.44
88776.75507

1290128.6

@T 2450K h CO2 :
h H2O :
h O2 :
h N2 :

1320537.72

128219
106183
85112
81149

2
1
0.5
11.28

(Reaktan)
227501.12

Interpolasi :
T
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600

h CO2
125152
128219
131290
134368
137449

h H2O
103508
106183
108868
111565
114273

h O2
83174
85112
87057
89004
90956

h N2
79320
81149
82981
84814
86650

h
1290128.6
1320537.7
1351002.2
1381504.9
1412061.0

T
2400
2436.2
2450

h
1290128.6
1312120.4
1320537.7

Calculation with 40 percent excess air :

C2H2 + 1.4ath (O2 + 3.76 N2) --> xC02 + yH2O + 0.4ath O2 + z N2

1.4

0.4
3.5

C:
H:
O:

2=x
2 = 2y
2(1.4ath) = 2x + 1y + 2(0.4ath)

--> x = 2
--> y = 1
--> ath = 2.5

N2 :

(3.76)(1.4ath) = z

--> z = 13.16

2
1
1

2.5

13.16

C2H2 + 3.5(O2 + 3.76 N2) --> 2C02 + H2O + O2 + 13.16N2

-75000 = ((2)(-393520 + hCO2 - 9364) + (1)(-241820 + hH2O - 9904) + (1)(0 + hO2 - 8682)
+ (13.16)(0 + hN2 - 8669))
- ((1)(226730) + (3.5)(0 + 8736 - 8682) + (13.16)(0 + 8723 - 8669))
(Losses)
-75000

(Produk) + (2hCO2 + hH2O + hO2 + 13.6hN2 )

-1180258

2hCO2 + hH2O + hO2 + 13.16hN2

Estimasi h = (1332887/(2+1+1+13.16)
coeff
@T 2150K h CO2 :
109898
2
h H2O :
90330
1
h O2 :
73573
1
h N2 :
70226
13.16

=
=

1332887.68
77674.10723

1307873.2

@T 2200K h CO2 :
h H2O :
h O2 :
h N2 :

1342348.4

112939
92940
75484
72040

2
1
1
13.16

(Reaktan)
227629.64

Interpolasi :
T
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350

h CO2
109898
112939
115984
119035
122091

h H2O
90330
92940
95562
98199
100846

h O2
73573
75484
77397
79316
81243

h N2
70226
72040
73856
75676
77496

h
1307873.2
1342348.4
1376872.0
1411481.2
1446118.4

T
2150
2186.3
2200

h
1307873
1332888
1342348

Calculation with 50 percent excess air :

C2H2 + 1.5ath (O2 + 3.76 N2) --> xC02 + yH2O + 0.5ath O2 + z N2

1.5

0.5
3.75

C:
H:
O:

2=x
2 = 2y
2(1.5ath) = 2x + 1y + 2(0.5ath)

--> x = 2
--> y = 1
--> ath = 2.5

N2 :

(3.76)(1.5ath) = z

--> z = 14.1

2
1
1.25

2.5

14.1

C2H2 + 3.75(O2 + 3.76 N2) --> 2C02 + H2O + 1.25O2 + 14.1N2

-75000 = ((2)(-393520 + hCO2 - 9364) + (1)(-241820 + hH2O - 9904) + (1.25)(0 + hO2 - 8682)
+ (14.1)(0 + hN2 - 8669))
- ((1)(226730) + (3.75)(0 + 8736 - 8682) + (14.1)(0 + 8723 - 8669))
(Losses)
-75000

(Produk) + (2hCO2 + hH2O + 1.25hO2 + 14.1hN2 )

-1190577

2hCO2 + hH2O + 1.25hO2 + 14.1hN2

Estimasi h = (1353654/(2+1+1.25+14.1)
coeff
@T 2050K h CO2 :
103835
2
h H2O :
85156
1
h O2 :
69772
1.25
h N2 :
66612
14.1

=
=

1343271.3
73202.79564

1319270.2

@T 2100K h CO2 :
h H2O :
h O2 :
h N2 :

1367696.5

T
1960
1980
2000
2050
2100

h CO2
98401
99606
100804
103835
106864

106864
87735
81243
68417
h H2O
80555
81573
82593
85156
87735

2
1
1.25
14.1
h O2
66374
67127
67881
69772
81243

h N2
63381
64090
64810
66612
68417

h
1253996.6
1268362.8
1282873.3
1319270.2
1367696.5

(Reaktan)
227693.9

Interpolasi :
T
2050
2074.8
2100

h
1319270
1343271
1367696

Calculation with 60 percent excess air :

C2H2 + 1.6ath (O2 + 3.76 N2) --> xC02 + yH2O + 0.6ath O2 + z N2

1.6

0.6
4

C:
H:
O:

2=x
2 = 2y
2(1.6ath) = 2x + 1y + 2(0.6ath)

--> x = 2
--> y = 1
--> ath = 2.5

N2 :

(3.76)(1.6ath) = z

--> z = 15.04

2
1
1.5

2.5

15.04

C2H2 + 4(O2 + 3.76 N2) --> 2C02 + H2O + 1.5O2 + 15.04N2

-75000 = ((2)(-393520 + hCO2 - 9364) + (1)(-241820 + hH2O - 9904) + (1.5)(0 + hO2 - 8682)
+ (15.04)(0 + hN2 - 8669))
- ((1)(226730) + (4)(0 + 8736 - 8682) + (15.04)(0 + 8723 - 8669))
(Losses)
-75000

(Produk) + (2hCO2 + hH2O + 1.5hO2 + 15.04hN2 )

-1200897

2hCO2 + hH2O + 1.5hO2 + 15.04hN2

Estimasi h = (1353654/(2+1+1.5+15.04)
coeff
@T 1980K h CO2 :
99606
2
h H2O :
81573
1
h O2 :
67127
1.5
h N2 :
64090
15.04

=
=

1353654.92
69276.09621

1345389.1

@T 2000K h CO2 :
h H2O :
h O2 :
h N2 :

1360764.9

T
1960
1980
2000
2050
2100

h CO2
98401
99606
100804
103835
106864

100804
82593
67881
64810
h H2O
80555
81573
82593
85156
87735

2
1
1.5
15.04
h O2
66374
67127
67881
69772
81243

h N2
63381
64090
64810
66612
68417

h
1330168.2
1345389.1
1360764.9
1399328.5
1452319.2

(Reaktan)
227758.16

Interpolasi :
T
1980
1990.8
2000

h
1345389.1
1353654.9
1360764.9

Result :
Excess air (%)

Texit product (K)

h pembakaran

20%
30%
40%

2436
2342
2186

1312120
1314197
1332888

50%

2075

1343271

60%

1991

1353655

Texit product Vs Excess Air

2500

Texit product (K)

2400

2436

2300

2342

2200
2100

2186

2000

2075
1991

1900
1800

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

Excess Air (%)

Kesimpulan : Semakin besar Excess Air pembakaran

Temperatur Hasil Pembakaran menurun

50%

60%

70%

15-70 Octane gas (C8H18) at 25oC is burned steadily with 30 percent excess air at 25oC,
1 atm, and 60 percent relative humidity. Assuming combustion is complete and adiabatic,
calculate the exit temperature of the product gases.

C8H18(g)+ 1.3ath (O2 + 3.76 N2) --> xC02 + yH2O + 0.3ath O2 + z N2

C:
H:
O:
N2 :

8=x
18 = 2y
2(1.3ath) = 2x + 1y + 2(0.3ath)
(3.76)(1.3ath) = z

--> x = 8
--> y = 9
--> ath = 12.5
--> z = 61.1

C8H18(g)+ 16.25(O2 + 3.76 N2) --> 8C02 + 9H2O + 3.75O2 + 61.1N2

16.25 x 4.76 =

77.35

Relative Humidity
Psat@25C (kPa)
(air)
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8

Pv,in (kPa)

3.1698
3.1698
3.1698
3.1698

1.58
1.90
2.22
2.54

Relative Humidity
(air)
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8

Ptotal (kPa)
101.325
101.325
101.325
101.325

Ntotal

Nv,in (kPa)

77.35 + Nv,in
77.35 + Nv,in
77.35 + Nv,in
77.35 + Nv,in

1.23
1.48
1.73
1.99

Coefficient
(O2 + 3.76 N2)
16.25
16.25
16.25
16.25

H2O

H2O
1.23
1.48
1.73
1.99

CO2
8
8
8
8

10.23
10.48
10.73
10.99

O2

N2
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75

61.1
61.1
61.1
61.1

Relative Humidity (air) :

50%

C8H18(g)+ 16.25(O2 + 3.76 N2) + 1.23H2O --> 8C02 + 10.23H2O + 3.75O2 + 61.1N2
(8)(-393520 + hCO2 - 9364) + (10.23)(-241820 + hH2O - 9904) + (3.75)(0 + hO2 - 8682)
+ (61.1)(0 + hN2 - 8669)) = ((1)(-208450) + (1.23)(-241820) + 0 + 0 )
8hCO2 + 10.48hH2O + 3.75hO2 + 61.1hN2 =

5854767

@T 1980K

h CO2 :
h H2O :
h O2 :
h N2 :

99606
81573
67127
64090

8
10.23
3.75
61.1

5798965

@T 2000K

h CO2 :
h H2O :
h O2 :
h N2 :

100804
82593
67881
64810

8
10.23
3.75
61.1

5865803

Interpolasi :
T
1980
1996.7
2000

h
5798965.0
5854767.4
5865803.1

Relative Humidity (air) :

60%

C8H18(g)+ 16.25(O2 + 3.76 N2) + 1.48H2O --> 8C02 + 10.48H2O + 3.75O2 + 61.1N2
(8)(-393520 + hCO2 - 9364) + (10.48)(-241820 + hH2O - 9904) + (3.75)(0 + hO2 - 8682)
+ (61.1)(0 + hN2 - 8669)) = ((1)(-208450) + (1.48)(-241820) + 0 + 0 )
8hCO2 + 10.48hH2O + 3.75hO2 + 61.1hN2 =

5857116

@T 1980K

h CO2 :
h H2O :
h O2 :
h N2 :

99606
81573
67127
64090

8
10.48
3.75
61.1

5819358

@T 2000K

h CO2 :
h H2O :
h O2 :
h N2 :

100804
82593
67881
64810

8
10.48
3.75
61.1

5886451

Interpolasi :
T
1980
1991.3
2000

h
5819358.3
5857116.4
5886451.4

Relative Humidity (air) :

70%

C8H18(g)+ 16.25(O2 + 3.76 N2) + 1.73H2O --> 8C02 + 10.73H2O + 3.75O2 + 61.1N2
(8)(-393520 + hCO2 - 9364) + (10.73)(-241820 + hH2O - 9904) + (3.75)(0 + hO2 - 8682)
+ (61.1)(0 + hN2 - 8669)) = ((1)(-208450) + (1.73)(-241820) + 0 + 0 )
8hCO2 + 10.73hH2O + 3.75hO2 + 61.1hN2 =

5859078

@T 1980K

h CO2 :
h H2O :
h O2 :
h N2 :

99606
81573
67127
64090

8
10.73
3.75
61.1

5839752

@T 2000K

h CO2 :
h H2O :
h O2 :
h N2 :

100804
82593
67881
64810

8
10.73
3.75
61.1

5907100

Interpolasi :
T
1980
1985.7
2000

h
5839751.5
5859077.8
5907099.6

Relative Humidity (air) :

80%

C8H18(g)+ 16.25(O2 + 3.76 N2) + 1.99H2O --> 8C02 + 10.99H2O + 3.75O2 + 61.1N2
(8)(-393520 + hCO2 - 9364) + (10.99)(-241820 + hH2O - 9904) + (3.75)(0 + hO2 - 8682)
+ (61.1)(0 + hN2 - 8669)) = ((1)(-208450) + (1.99)(-241820) + 0 + 0 )
8hCO2 + 10.99hH2O + 3.75hO2 + 61.1hN2 =

5863165

@T 1980K

h CO2 :
h H2O :
h O2 :
h N2 :

99606
81573
67127
64090

8
10.99
3.75
61.1

5860961

@T 2000K

h CO2 :
h H2O :
h O2 :
h N2 :

100804
82593
67881
64810

8
10.99
3.75
61.1

5928574

Interpolasi :
T
1980
1980.7
2000

h
5860960.5
5863165.3
5928573.8

Hasil :
Relative
Humidity (air)
50%
60%
70%
80%

Texit product (K)

h pembakaran

1997
1991
1986
1981

5854767
5857116
5859078
5859077.8

Texit product Vs Relative Humidity

2000

Texit product (K)

1995
1997
1990
1991

1985

1986

1980

1981

1975
1970

40%

50%

60%

70%

Relative Humidity (%)

Kesimpulan : Semakin besar Relative Humidity

Temperatur Hasil Pembakaran menurun

80%

90%