CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8

Section1:Goal,CriticalPrinciples,andOverview
Goal:Englishlearnersread,analyze,interpret,andcreateavarietyofliteraryandinformationaltexttypes.Theydevelopanunderstandingofhowlanguageisa
complex,dynamic,andsocialresourceformakingmeaning,aswellashowcontentisorganizedindifferenttexttypesandacrossdisciplinesusingtextstructure,
languagefeatures,andvocabularydependingonpurposeandaudience.TheyareawarethatdifferentlanguagesandvariationsofEnglishexist,andtheyrecognize
theirhomelanguagesandculturesasresourcestovalueintheirownrightandalsotodrawuponinordertobuildproficiencyinEnglish.Englishlearnerscontribute
activelytoclassandgroupdiscussions,askingquestions,respondingappropriately,andprovidingusefulfeedback.Theydemonstrateknowledgeofcontentthrough
oralpresentations,writing,collaborativeconversations,andmultimedia.Theydevelopproficiencyinshiftinglanguageusebasedontask,purpose,audience,andtext
type.
CriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguageandCognitioninAcademicContexts:WhileadvancingalongthecontinuumofEnglishlanguagedevelopmentlevels,
Englishlearnersatalllevelsengageinintellectuallychallengingliteracy,disciplinary,anddisciplinaryliteracytasks.Theyuselanguageinmeaningfulandrelevant
waysappropriatetogradelevel,contentarea,topic,purpose,audience,andtexttypeinEnglishlanguagearts,mathematics,science,socialstudies,andthearts.
Specifically,theyuselanguagetogainandexchangeinformationandideasinthreecommunicativemodes(collaborative,interpretive,andproductive),andthey
applyknowledgeoflanguagetoacademictasksviathreecrossmodelanguageprocesses(structuringcohesivetexts,expandingandenrichingideas,andconnecting
andcondensingideas)usingvariouslinguisticresources.
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
A.

CorrespondingCommonCoreState
StandardsforEnglishLanguageArts*

Collaborative

4.Adaptinglanguagechoicestovariouscontexts(basedontask,purpose,audience,andtexttype)

SL.8.1,6;L.8.3,6
W.8.6;WHST.8.6;SL.8.2;L.8.3,6
W.8.1;WHST.8.1;SL.8.1,4,6;L.8.3,6
W.8.45;WHST.8.45;SL.8.6;L.8.1,3,6

B.

1.Exchanginginformationandideaswithothersthroughoralcollaborativediscussionsonarangeofsocialandacademictopics
2.InteractingwithothersinwrittenEnglishinvariouscommunicativeforms(print,communicativetechnology,andmultimedia)
3.Offeringandjustifyingopinions,negotiatingwithandpersuadingothersincommunicativeexchanges
Interpretive

5.ListeningactivelytospokenEnglishinarangeofsocialandacademiccontexts

6.Readingcloselyliteraryandinformationaltextsandviewingmultimediatodeterminehowmeaningisconveyedexplicitlyandimplicitly
throughlanguage
7.Evaluatinghowwellwritersandspeakersuselanguagetosupportideasandargumentswithdetailsorevidencedependingonmodality,
texttype,purpose,audience,topic,andcontentarea

8.Analyzinghowwritersandspeakersusevocabularyandotherlanguageresourcesforspecificpurposes(toexplain,persuade,entertain,
etc.)dependingonmodality,texttype,purpose,audience,topic,andcontentarea
C.

Productive

9.Expressinginformationandideasinformaloralpresentationsonacademictopics

SL.8.1,3,6;L.8.1,3,6
RL.8.17,910;RI.8.110;RH.8.110;
RST.8.110;SL.8.2;L.8.1,3,6

RL.8.45;RI.8.4,6,8;RH.8.46,8;
RST.8.46,8;SL.8.3;L.8.3,56

RL.8.45;RI.8.45;RH.8.45;RST.8.45;
SL.8.3;L.8.3,56

10.Writingliteraryandinformationaltextstopresent,describe,andexplainideasandinformation,usingappropriatetechnology

SL.8.46;L.8.1,3
W.8.110;WHST.8.12,410;L.8.16

11.Justifyingownargumentsandevaluatingothersargumentsinwriting

W.8.1,89;WHST.8.1,89;L.8.13,6

12.Selectingandapplyingvariedandprecisevocabularyandlanguagestructurestoeffectivelyconveyideas

W.8.45;WHST.8.45;SL.8.4,6;L.8.1,3,5
6

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8October5,2012

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8

CorrespondingCommonCoreState
StandardsforEnglishLanguageArts*

PartII:LearningAboutHowEnglishWorks

A.

StructuringCohesiveTexts

1.Understandingtextstructure

2.Understandingcohesion

RL.8.5;RI.8.5;RH.8.5;RST.8.5;
W.8.15,10;WHST.8.12,45,10;SL.8.4

RI.8.5;RH.8.5;RST.8.5;W.8.15,10;
WHST.8.12,45,10;L.8.1,36

B.

ExpandingandEnrichingIdeas

3.Usingverbsandverbphrases
4.Usingnounsandnounphrases
5.Modifyingtoadddetails

W.8.5;WHST.8.5;SL.8.6;L.8.1,36
W.8.5;WHST.8.5;SL.8.6;L.8.1,36
W.8.45;WHST.8.45;SL.8.6;L.8.1,36

ConnectingandCondensingIdeas

6.Connectingideas

7.Condensingideas

W.8.15;WHST.8.12,45;SL.8.4,6;

C.

W.8.15;WHST.8.12,45;SL.8.4,6;
L.8.1,36
L.8.1,36

PartIII:UsingFoundationalLiteracySkills

RF.K1.14;RF.25.34(asappropriate)

*TheCaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardscorrespondtoCaliforniasCommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglishLanguageArts(ELA)and,forgrades612,Literacyin
History/SocialStudies,Science,andTechnicalSubjects.EnglishlearnersshouldhavefullaccesstoandopportunitiestolearnELA,mathematics,science,history/socialstudies,andother
contentatthesametimetheyareprogressingtowardfullproficiencyinEnglish.

Note:Examplesprovidedinspecificstandardsareofferedonlyasillustrativepossibilitiesandshouldnotbemisinterpretedastheonlyobjectivesofinstructionorastheonlytypesof
languageEnglishlearnersmightorshouldbeabletounderstandorproduce.

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8October5,2012

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

PartI,strands14Corresponding
CommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglish
LanguageArts:
SL.8.1,6;L.8.3,6
W.8.6;WHST.8.6;SL.8.2;L.8.3,6
W.8.1;WHST.8.1;SL.8.1,4,6;L.8.3,6
W.8.45;WHST.8.45;SL.8.6;L.8.1,3,6

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,
factorial),expositions(e.g.,speeches,
opinionpieces,argument,debate),
responses(e.g.,literaryanalysis),etc.

Bridging

1.Exchanginginformation/ideas
Engageinconversationalexchanges
andexpressideasonfamiliartopicsby
askingandansweringyesnoandwh
questionsandrespondingusingsimple
phrases.

1.Exchanginginformation/ideas
Contributetoclass,group,andpartner
discussionsbyfollowingturntaking
rules,askingrelevantquestions,
affirmingothers,addingrelevant
information,andparaphrasingkey
ideas.

1.Exchanginginformation/ideas
Contributetoclass,group,andpartner
discussionsbyfollowingturntaking
rules,askingrelevantquestions,
affirmingothers,addingrelevant
informationandevidence,paraphrasing
keyideas,buildingonresponses,and
providingusefulfeedback.

2.InteractingviawrittenEnglish
Engageinextendedwrittenexchanges
withpeersandcollaborateoncomplex
writtentextsonavarietyoftopics,
usingtechnologywhenappropriate.

3.Supportingopinionsand
persuadingothers
Negotiatewithorpersuadeothersin
conversationsusinganappropriate
register(e.g.,toacknowledgenew
informationandjustifyviews)usinga
varietyoflearnedphrases,indirect
reportedspeech(e.g.,IheardyousayX,
andthatsagoodpoint.IstillthinkY,
though,because...)andopen
responses.

4.Adaptinglanguagechoices
Adjustlanguagechoicesaccordingto
task(e.g.,facilitatingascience
experiment,providingpeerfeedbackon
awritingassignment),purpose,and
audience.

2.InteractingviawrittenEnglish
Engageinshortwrittenexchanges
withpeersandcollaborateonsimple
writtentextsonfamiliartopics,using
technologywhenappropriate.

2.InteractingviawrittenEnglish
Engageinlongerwrittenexchanges
withpeersandcollaborateonmore
detailedwrittentextsonavarietyof
topics,usingtechnologywhen
appropriate.

3.Supportingopinionsand
persuadingothers
Negotiatewithorpersuadeothersin
conversations(e.g.,togainandhold
thefloorortoaskforclarification)
usinglearnedphrases(e.g.,Ithink...
Wouldyoupleaserepeatthat?)and
openresponses.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

Expanding

A.Collaborative

1.
2.
3.
4.

Emerging

3.Supportingopinionsand
persuadingothers
Negotiatewithorpersuadeothersin
conversations(e.g.,toprovide
counterarguments)usinglearned
phrases(IagreewithX,but...)and
openresponses.

4.Adaptinglanguagechoices
Adjustlanguagechoicesaccordingto
socialsetting(e.g.,classroom,break
time)andaudience(e.g.,peers,
teacher).

4.Adaptinglanguagechoices
Adjustlanguagechoicesaccordingto
purpose(e.g.,explaining,persuading,
entertaining),task,andaudience.

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8October5,2012

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

PartI,strands58CorrespondingCommon
CoreStateStandardsforEnglishLanguage
Arts:

7.
8.

SL.8.1,3,6;L.8.1,3,6
RL.8.17,910;RI.8.110;RH.8.110;
RST.8.110;SL.8.2;L.8.1,3,6
RL.8.45;RI.8.4,6,8;RH.8.46,8;
RST.8.46,8;SL.8.3;L.8.3,56
RL.8.45;RI.8.45;RH.8.45;RST.8.45;
SL.8.3;L.8.3,56

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,
factorial),expositions(e.g.,speeches,
opinionpieces,argument,debate),
responses(e.g.,literaryanalysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

Expanding

5.Listeningactively
Demonstrateactivelisteninginoral
presentationactivitiesbyaskingand
answeringbasicquestionswith
promptingandsubstantialsupport.

B.Interpretive(page1of2)

5.
6.

Emerging

5.Listeningactively
Demonstrateactivelisteninginoral
presentationactivitiesbyaskingand
answeringdetailedquestionswith
occasionalpromptingandmoderate
support.

6.Reading/viewingclosely
a)Explainideas,phenomena,
processes,andtextrelationships(e.g.,
compare/contrast,cause/effect,
problem/solution)basedonclose
readingofavarietyofgrade
appropriatetextsandviewingof
multimediawithsubstantialsupport.

b)Expressinferencesandconclusions
drawnbasedonclosereadingof
gradeappropriatetextsandviewing
ofmultimediausingsomefrequently
usedverbs(e.g.,showsthat,based
on).

c)Useknowledgeofmorphology(e.g.,
affixes,roots,andbasewords),
context,referencematerials,and
visualcuestodeterminethemeanings
ofunknownandmultiplemeaning
wordsonfamiliartopics.

6.Reading/viewingclosely
a)Explainideas,phenomena,
processes,andtextrelationships(e.g.,
compare/contrast,cause/effect,
problem/solution)basedonclose
readingofavarietyofgrade
appropriatetextsandviewingof
multimediawithmoderatesupport.

b)Expressinferencesandconclusions
drawnbasedonclosereadinggrade
appropriatetextsandviewingof
multimediausingavarietyofverbs
(e.g.,suggeststhat,leadsto).

c)Useknowledgeofmorphology(e.g.,
affixes,roots,andbasewords),
context,referencematerials,andvisual
cuestodeterminethemeaningsof
unknownandmultiplemeaningwords
onfamiliarandnewtopics.

Bridging
5.Listeningactively
Demonstrateactivelisteninginoral
presentationactivitiesbyaskingand
answeringdetailedquestionswith
minimalpromptingandsupport.

6.Reading/viewingclosely
a)Explainideas,phenomena,
processes,andtextrelationships(e.g.,
compare/contrast,cause/effect,
problem/solution)basedonclose
readingofavarietyofgradeleveltexts
andviewingofmultimediawithlight
support.

b)Expressinferencesandconclusions
drawnbasedonclosereadingofgrade
leveltextsandviewingofmultimedia
usingavarietyofpreciseacademic
verbs(e.g.,indicatesthat,influences).

c)Useknowledgeofmorphology(e.g.,
affixes,roots,andbasewords),context,
referencematerials,andvisualcuesto
determinethemeanings,including
figurativeandconnotativemeanings,of
unknownandmultiplemeaningwords
onavarietyofnewtopics.

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8October5,2012

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

PartI,strands58CorrespondingCommon
CoreStateStandardsforEnglishLanguage
Arts:

7.
8.

SL.8.1,3,6;L.8.1,3,6
RL.8.17,910;RI.8.110;RH.8.110;
RST.8.110;SL.8.2;L.8.1,3,6
RL.8.45;RI.8.4,6,8;RH.8.46,8;
RST.8.46,8;SL.8.3;L.8.3,56
RL.8.45;RI.8.45;RH.8.45;RST.8.45;
SL.8.3;L.8.3,56

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,
factorial),expositions(e.g.,speeches,
opinionpieces,argument,debate),
responses(e.g.,literaryanalysis),etc.

B.Interpretive(page2of2)

5.
6.

Emerging
7.Evaluatinglanguagechoices
Explainhowwellwritersandspeakers
uselanguagetosupportideasand
argumentswithdetailedevidence
(e.g.,identifyingtheprecise
vocabularyusedtopresentevidence,
orthephrasingusedtosignalashiftin
meaning)whenprovidedwith
substantialsupport.

8.Analyzinglanguagechoices
Explainhowphrasingordifferent
commonwordswithsimilarmeanings
(e.g.,choosingtousetheword
persistentversusthetermhard
worker)producedifferenteffectson
theaudience.

Expanding

Bridging

7.Evaluatinglanguagechoices
Explainhowwellwritersandspeakers
usespecificlanguagetopresentideas
orsupportargumentsandprovide
detailedevidence(e.g.,showingthe
clarityofthephrasingusedtopresent
anargument)whenprovidedwith
moderatesupport.

7.Evaluatinglanguagechoices
Explainhowwellwritersandspeakers
usespecificlanguageresourcesto
presentideasorsupportarguments
andprovidedetailedevidence(e.g.,
identifyingthespecificlanguageused
topresentideasandclaimsthatare
wellsupportedanddistinguishingthem
fromthosethatarenot)whenprovided
withlightsupport.

8.Analyzinglanguagechoices
Explainhowphrasingordifferent
wordswithsimilarmeanings(e.g.,
describingacharacterasstubborn
versuspersistent)orfigurative
language(e.g.,Letmethrowsomelight
ontothetopic.)produceshadesof
meaninganddifferenteffectsonthe
audience.

8.Analyzinglanguagechoices
Explainhowphrasingordifferent
wordswithsimilarmeanings(e.g.,
cunningversussmart,stammerversus
say)orfigurativelanguage(e.g.,Letme
throwsomelightontothetopic.)
produceshadesofmeaning,nuances,
anddifferenteffectsontheaudience.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8October5,2012

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8
Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

PartI,strands912Corresponding
CommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglish
LanguageArts:
9.

SL.8.46;L.8.1,3

10. W.8.110;WHST.8.12,410;L.8.16

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,
factorial),expositions(e.g.,speeches,
opinionpieces,argument,debate),
responses(e.g.,literaryanalysis),etc.

C.Productive(page1of2)

11. W.8.1,89;WHST.8.1,89;L.8.13,6
12. W.8.45;WHST.8.45;SL.8.4,6;
L.8.1,3,56

Emerging

Expanding

Bridging

9.Presenting
Plananddeliverbriefinformativeoral
presentationsonconcretetopics.

10.Writing
a)Writeshortliteraryand
informationaltexts(e.g.,anargument
aboutwhetherthegovernment
shouldfundresearchusingstemcells)
collaboratively(e.g.,withpeers)and
independently.

9.Presenting
Plananddeliverlongeroral
presentationsonavarietyoftopics
usingdetailsandevidencetosupport
ideas.

10.Writing
a)Writelongerliteraryand
informationaltexts(e.g.,anargument
aboutwhetherthegovernmentshould
fundresearchusingstemcells)
collaboratively(e.g.,withpeers)and
independentlyusingappropriatetext
organization.

b)Writeincreasinglyconcise
summariesoftextsandexperiences
usingcompletesentencesandkey
words(e.g.,fromnotesorgraphic
organizers).

11.Justifying/arguing
a)Justifyopinionsorpersuadeothers
byprovidingrelevanttextualevidence
orrelevantbackgroundknowledge
withmoderatesupport.

b)Expressattitudeandopinionsor
temperstatementswithavarietyof
familiarmodalexpressions(e.g.,
possibly/likely,could/would).

9.Presenting
Plananddeliverlongeroral
presentationsonavarietyofconcrete
andabstracttopicsusingreasoningand
evidencetosupportideasandusinga
growingunderstandingofregister.

10.Writing
a)Writelongerandmoredetailed
literaryandinformationaltexts(e.g.,an
argumentaboutwhetherthe
governmentshouldfundresearchusing
stemcells)collaboratively(e.g.,with
peers)andindependentlyusing
appropriatetextorganizationand
growingunderstandingofregister.

b)Writeclearandcoherentsummaries
oftextsandexperiencesusing
completeandconcisesentencesand
keywords(e.g.,fromnotesorgraphic
organizers).

11.Justifying/arguing
a)Justifyopinionsorpersuadeothers
byprovidingdetailedandrelevant
textualevidenceorrelevant
backgroundknowledgewithlight
support.

b)Expressattitudeandopinionsor
temperstatementswithnuanced
modalexpressions(e.g.,
potentially/certainly/absolutely,
should/might).

b)Writebriefsummariesoftextsand
experiencesusingcompletesentences
andkeywords(e.g.,fromnotesor
graphicorganizers).

11.Justifying/arguing
a)Justifyopinionsbyprovidingsome
textualevidenceorrelevant
backgroundknowledgewith
substantialsupport.

b)Expressattitudeandopinionsor
temperstatementswithfamiliar
modalexpressions(e.g.,can,may).

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8October5,2012

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8
Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

PartI,strands912Corresponding
CommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglish
LanguageArts:
9.

Emerging

SL.8.46;L.8.1,3

10. W.8.110;WHST.8.12,410;L.8.16

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,
factorial),expositions(e.g.,speeches,
opinionpieces,argument,debate),
responses(e.g.,literaryanalysis),etc.

C.Productive(page2of2)

11. W.8.1,89;WHST.8.1,89;L.8.13,6
12. W.8.45;WHST.8.45;SL.8.4,6;
L.8.1,3,56

12.Selectinglanguageresources
a)Useaselectnumberofgeneral
academicwords(e.g.,specific,
contrast)anddomainspecificwords
(e.g.,scene,cell,fraction)tocreate
someprecisionwhilespeakingand
writing.

b)Useknowledgeofmorphologyto
appropriatelyselectaffixesinbasic
ways(e.g.,ShelikesX.Hewalkedto
school.).

Expanding

Bridging

12.Selectinglanguageresources
a)Useagrowingsetofacademicwords
(e.g.,specific,contrast,significant,
function),domainspecificwords(e.g.,
scene,irony,suspense,analogy,cell
membrane,fraction),synonyms,and
antonymstocreateprecisionand
shadesofmeaningwhilespeakingand
writing.

b)Useknowledgeofmorphologyto
appropriatelyselectaffixesina
growingnumberofwaystomanipulate
language(e.g.,Shelikeswalkingto
school.Thatsimpossible.).

12.Selectinglanguageresources
a)Useanexpandedsetofgeneral
academicwords(e.g.,specific,contrast,
significant,function,adequate,
analysis),domainspecificwords(e.g.,
scene,irony,suspense,analogy,cell
membrane,fraction),synonyms,
antonyms,andfigurativelanguageto
createprecisionandshadesofmeaning
whilespeakingandwriting.

b)Useknowledgeofmorphologyto
appropriatelyselectaffixesinavariety
ofwaystomanipulatelanguage(e.g.,
changingdestroy>destruction,
probably>probability,reluctant>
reluctantly).

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8October5,2012

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8
Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartII:LearningAboutHowEnglishWorks
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

PartII,strands12Corresponding
CommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglish
LanguageArts:

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,
factorial),expositions(e.g.,speeches,
opinionpieces,argument,debate),
responses(e.g.,literaryanalysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

A.StructuringCohesiveTexts

CaliforniaCommonCoreStandards:
1. RL.8.5;RI.8.5;RH.8.5;RST.8.5;
W.8.15,10;WHST.8.12,45,10;SL.8.4
2. RI.8.5;RH.8.5;RST.8.5;W.8.15,10;
WHST.8.12,45,10;L.8.1,36

Emerging

Expanding

1.Understandingtextstructure
Applyunderstandingofhowdifferent
texttypesareorganizedtoexpress
ideas(e.g.,hownarrativesare
organizedsequentially)to
comprehendingtextsandtowriting
briefarguments,informative/
explanatorytextsandnarratives.

2.Understandingcohesion
a)Applyknowledgeoffamiliar
languageresourcesforreferringto
maketextsmorecohesive(e.g.,how
pronounsreferbacktonounsintext)
tocomprehendingandwritingbrief
texts.

b)Applybasicunderstandingofhow
ideas,events,orreasonsarelinked
throughoutatextusingeveryday
connectingwordsorphrases(e.g.,at
theend,next)tocomprehendingand
writingbrieftexts.

1.Understandingtextstructure
Applyunderstandingofthe
organizationalfeaturesofdifferenttext
types(e.g.,hownarrativesare
organizedbyaneventsequencethat
unfoldsnaturallyversushow
argumentsareorganizedaround
reasonsandevidence)to
comprehendingtextsandtowriting
increasinglyclearandcoherent
arguments,informative/explanatory
textsandnarratives.

Bridging
1.Understandingtextstructure
Applyunderstandingofthe
organizationalstructureofdifferent
texttypes(e.g.,hownarrativesare
organizedbyaneventsequencethat
unfoldsnaturallyversushow
argumentsareorganizedaround
reasonsandevidence)to
comprehendingtextsandtowriting
clearandcohesivearguments,
informative/explanatorytextsand
narratives.

2.Understandingcohesion
a)Applyknowledgeoffamiliar
languageresourcesforreferringto
maketextsmorecohesive(e.g.,how
pronounsreferbacktonounsintext,
howusingsynonymshelpsavoid
repetition)tocomprehendingand
writingtextswithincreasingcohesion.

b)Applygrowingunderstandingofhow
ideas,events,orreasonsarelinked
throughoutatextusingavarietyof
connectingwordsorphrases(e.g.,for
example,asaresult,ontheotherhand)
tocomprehendingandwritingtexts
withincreasingcohesion.

2.Understandingcohesion
a)Applyknowledgeoffamiliar
languageresourcesforreferringto
maketextsmorecohesive(e.g.,how
pronouns,synonyms,or
nominalizationsareusedtorefer
backwardinatext)tocomprehending
textsandwritingcohesivetexts.

b)Applyincreasingunderstandingof
howideas,events,orreasonsare
linkedthroughoutatextusingan
increasingvarietyofacademic
connectingandtransitionalwordsor
phrases(e.g.,forinstance,inaddition,
consequently)tocomprehendingand
writingtextswithincreasingcohesion.

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8October5,2012

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartII:LearningAboutHowEnglishWorks
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,
factorial),expositions(e.g.,speeches,
opinionpieces,argument,debate),
responses(e.g.,literaryanalysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

B.Expanding&EnrichingIdeas

PartII,strands35Corresponding
CommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglish
LanguageArts:
3. W.8.5;WHST.8.5;SL.8.6;L.8.1,36
4. W.8.5;WHST.8.5;SL.8.6;L.8.1,36
5. W.8.45;WHST.8.45;SL.8.6;L.8.1,36

Emerging

Expanding

Bridging

3.Usingverbsandverbphrases
Useavarietyofverbsindifferent
tenses(e.g.,present,past,future)and
aspects(e.g.,simple,progressive)
appropriateforthetexttypeand
discipline(e.g.,simplepastandpast
progressiveforrecountingan
experience)onfamiliartopics.

4.Usingnounsandnounphrases
Expandnounphrasesinbasicways
(e.g.,addingasensoryadjectivetoa
noun)inordertoenrichthemeaning
ofsentencesandadddetailsabout
ideas,people,things,etc.

5.Modifyingtoadddetails
Expandsentenceswithsimple
adverbials(e.g.,adverbs,adverb
phrases,prepositionalphrases)to
providedetails(e.g.,time,manner,
place,cause)aboutafamiliaractivity
orprocess.

3.Usingverbsandverbphrases
Useavarietyofverbsindifferent
tenses(e.g.,present,past,future)and
aspects(e.g.,simple,progressive,
perfect)appropriateforthetask,text
type,anddiscipline(e.g.,thepresent
perfecttodescribepreviouslymade
claimsorconclusions)onanincreasing
varietyoftopics.

4.Usingnounsandnounphrases
Expandnounphrasesinagrowing
numberofways(e.g.,adding
prepositionaloradjectivephrases)in
ordertoenrichthemeaningof
sentencesandadddetailsaboutideas,
people,things,etc.

3.Usingverbsandverbphrases
Useavarietyofverbsindifferenttenses
(e.g.,present,past,future),aspects
(e.g.,simple,progressive,perfect),
voices(activeandpassive),andmoods
(e.g.,declarative,interrogative,
subjunctive)appropriateforthetask,
texttype,anddiscipline(e.g.,the
passivevoiceinsimplepasttodescribe
themethodsofascientificexperiment)
onavarietyoftopics.

4.Usingnounsandnounphrases
Expandnounphrasesinanincreasing
varietyofways(e.g.,embeddingrelative
orcomplementclauses)inorderto
enrichthemeaningofsentencesand
adddetailsaboutideas,people,things,
etc.

5.Modifyingtoadddetails
Expandsentenceswithincreasingly
complexadverbials(e.g.,adverbs,
adverbphrasesandclauses,
prepositionalphrases)toprovidedetails
(e.g.,time,manner,place,cause)about
avarietyoffamiliarandnewactivities
andprocesses.

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8October5,2012

5.Modifyingtoadddetails
Expandsentenceswithadverbials(e.g.,
adverbs,adverbphrases,prepositional
phrases)toprovidedetails(e.g.,time,
manner,place,cause)aboutafamiliar
ornewactivityorprocess.

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartII:LearningAboutHowEnglishWorks
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

PartII,strands67Corresponding
CommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglish
LanguageArts:

7.

W.8.15;WHST.8.12,45;SL.8.4,6;
L.8.1,36
W.8.15;WHST.8.12,45;SL.8.4,6;
L.8.1,36

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,
factorial),expositions(e.g.,speeches,
opinionpieces,argument,debate),
responses(e.g.,literaryanalysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

C.Connecting&CondensingIdeas

6.

Emerging

Expanding

Bridging

6.Connectingideas
Combineclausesinafewbasicways
tomakeconnectionsbetweenand
joinideas(e.g.,creatingcompound
sentencesusingand,but,so;creating
complexsentencesusingbecause).

6.Connectingideas
Combineclausesinanincreasing
varietyofways(e.g.,creating
compoundandcomplexsentences)to
makeconnectionsbetweenandjoin
ideas,forexample,toexpressa
reason(e.g.,Hestayedathomeon
SundaytostudyforMondaysexam.)
ortomakeaconcession(e.g.,She
studiedallnighteventhoughshe
wasntfeelingwell.).

7.Condensingideas
Condenseideasinanincreasing
varietyofways(e.g.,throughvarious
typesofembeddedclausesandother
waysofcondensing,asin,Organic
vegetablesarefood.Theyremade
withoutchemicalfertilizers.Theyre
madewithoutchemicalinsecticides.
Organicvegetablesarefoodsthat
aremadewithoutchemicalfertilizers
orinsecticides.)tocreatepreciseand
detailedsentences.

6.Connectingideas
Combineclausesinawidevarietyof
ways(e.g.,creatingcompoundand
complexsentences,andcompound
complexsentences)tomakeconnections
betweenandjoinideas,forexample,to
showtherelationshipbetweenmultiple
eventsorideas(e.g.,Aftereatinglunch,
thestudentsworkedingroupswhile
theirteacherwalkedaroundtheroom.)
ortoevaluateanargument(e.g.,The
authorclaimsX,althoughthereisalack
ofevidencetosupportthisclaim.).

7.Condensingideas
Condenseideasinavarietyofways(e.g.,
throughvarioustypesofembedded
clauses,waysofcondensing,and
nominalizationasin,Theydestroyedthe
rainforest.Lotsofanimalsdied.The
destructionoftherainforestledtothe
deathofmanyanimals.)tocreate
preciseanddetailedsentences.

7.Condensingideas
Condenseideasinsimpleways(e.g.,
bycompoundingverbs,adding
prepositionalphrases,orthrough
simpleembeddedclausesorother
waysofcondensingasin,Thisisa
storyaboutagirl.Thegirlchanged
theworld.Thisisastoryabouta
girlwhochangedtheworld.)tocreate
preciseanddetailedsentences.

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8October5,2012

10

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartIII:UsingFoundationalLiteracySkills
FoundationalLiteracySkills:

LiteracyinanAlphabetic
WritingSystem
Printconcepts
Phonologicalawareness
Phonics&wordrecognition
Fluency

SeeAppendixAforinformationonteachingreadingfoundationalskillstoEnglishlearnersofvariousprofilesbasedonage,native
language,nativelanguagewritingsystem,schoolingexperience,andliteracyexperienceandproficiency.Someconsiderationsare:

Nativelanguageandliteracy(e.g.,phonemeawarenessorprintconceptskillsinnativelanguage)shouldbeassessedforpotential
transferencetoEnglishlanguageandliteracy.

SimilaritiesbetweennativelanguageandEnglishshouldbehighlighted(e.g.,phonemesorlettersthatarethesameinboth
languages).

DifferencesbetweennativelanguageandEnglishshouldbehighlighted(e.g.,somephonemesinEnglishmaynotexistinthe
studentsnativelanguage;nativelanguagesyntaxmaybedifferentfromEnglishsyntax).

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrade8October5,2012

11