CONTENTS
MENSURATION
ALGEBRA
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
‘CALCULUS
I INFINITE SERIES
HI DERIVATIVES
I INTEGRALS
IV APPLICATIONS
V APPROXIMATIONS
VECTORS
MECHANICS
PROBABILITY
PageMENSURATION
Circle
Area of a circle, radius r is xr?
Circumference of circle is 2 xr
Sphere
Volume of a sphere, radius r, is xr?
Surface area of sphere is 4 xr?
Right circular cylinder
Volume of cylinder, radius r and height h is xr2h
Curved surface area is 2xrh
Right circular cone
Volume of cone, radius r, and height h is zx 72h
Curved surface area is xrl where / is the slant height of the cone.ALGEBRA
Factors
a3+b3=(a+b)(a?-ab+b2)
a3—b3 =(a—b)(a? + ab +b)
Permutations and Combinations
_ na!
~ Finn!
a, _ al
P= @-n!
Finite Series
at 11 ,
YD @ta=% 2a+m-pai Y ara = 202")
q-0 q=0
ad, Sek yy 1,2
Lregnerns Yr =Emet@nt); Yr grant?
= = 1
(+x ta 1tnee SEHD 24 (ere. tam (neve int)
12 r
de Moivre’s Theorem
If n is an integer, (cos 6 + i sin)" = cos n@ +i sind.
If n is a rational number, cos n@ +i sinn@ is one of the values of
(cos @ +i sind)".HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
ex-e-*
sinhx =
wezte™
coshx 2
sinh —!x = In [x +V@?+1)]
Principal value of cosh ~! x = In [x + V(x? - 1)] @e1)
tanh tx = tn [P42 dzl = t, then sin A ==" oy; cos A =—5COORDINATE GEOMETRY
star di =o jg tbete
Perpendicular distance ftom (hk) to ax + by + ¢= is Sy
The acute angle between two lines with gradients m , m, is
tan-1|_ ™1 7 ™2
1+ mm,
Area of Triangle is yx ¥4
1% (x1 02-y3)+4203—¥1) +4301 Yd I= 4 yr yo ¥3
rit
Circle
The equation x? + y? + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents a circle with centre
at (—g, —f) and radius V(g? + f2—c).
The parametric equations of a circle with centre at (a, b) and radius r are
x=atreost, y=b +rsint.
Point dividing P , P, in the ratio k: 1 has coordinates
xy they vith 21 +key
1+k 1+k 14k
Angle ¢ between two lines with direction cosines J, m, n:
1’, m’, nis given by cos @ + (Ul! + mm! +nn')
m,n is given by cos =
een VG +m? +n9V02 +m 240)
Distance from P (x 1, yy» 2) to plane Ax + By + Cz + D=0 is
Ax, + By, +Cz,+D
V(A2 + B2 + C2)
Plane distance p from origin, direction cosines of normal !, m, n,
ke+myt+nz=p.
Line through (x, 1, 2)» direction cosines, 1, m, n.
x-xy YANCALCULUS
1. INFINITE SERIES
Taylor’s Theorem
flat =fa+x'(@ +3 @+.
¢-p! FM@H+...,
with ‘remainder term’ 2;'f0 (a + 6x), where 0< 0 <1.
Maclaurin’s Theorem
$0) =[O +H OFLG'O 4.4 2) fe-DO+...,
H om
with ‘remainder term’ (0 (@x), where 0 < 0 <1.
r
expxrmet=J+xt+24...42+...
Rte tz
log (1 +x) = In(1 +x) =x- FD EL,,
valid for -1