World Cultures 11

Unit III: Latin America

Name: ______________________________
Date:

LATIN AMERICAN PEOPLES WIN INDEPENDENCE

Directions: After reading the document below, please answer the following questions completely and
thoroughly in complete sentence format.
Background Question:
1. What three factors motivated the people of Latin America to rebel against their European
controllers?
Liberty, equality, and democracy
Haitian Independence
1. Who controlled the colony of Haiti and what two leaders where responsible for their
independence?
Toussaint LOuverture and Dessalines
2. Why were they able to win their independence so quickly and easily?
They were educated and wealthy
3. How was this movement for independence different from revolutions in the rest of Latin
America? [You will have to answer this question after reading the entire document.]
The south American wars started to happen
Viceroyalty of Peru
1. Identify and explain the specific events on the European continent effected the movement for
independence in Peru.
Battle of Ayacucho on December 9th
2. The movement from independence was spearheaded by what two creoles. Who were they and
explain how they were able to gain it.
San Martin and Bolivar
3. What name did they give to the independent viceroyalty?
Gran Columbia
Viceroyalty of New Spain
1. How did the movement for independence differ from that of Peru?
Ethnic and racial groups mixed more freely. Indians and mestizos played a role in leading.
2. The movement began with the leadership of what two leaders? Explain their rebellion and its
successes/failures.
Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Maria Morelos there was a revolution for 4 years and Agustin de Iturbide
defeated him.
3. Ironically, a creole DID eventually was successful in gaining freedom from Spain. Who was he,
and whey did favor independence in 1820 when he did not earlier?
Agustin De Iturbide
4. What government/title did this liberator give the newly independent viceroyalty?
What happened to his government?
It was called the United Provinces, and after the American declaration of their independence.
Brazil
1. Why was this colony governed differently than the Spanish colonies just prior to independence?
Brazils quest for independence was unique in this period of Latin American history because it occurred
without violent upheavals or widespread bloodshed.

2. How did the movement for independence differ in this Portuguese colony than those of the
Spanish colonies?
The goal was to close the ports of other countries to British shipping.