Barrera 1

Enrique Barrera
Matt Moberly
WRI 010
31 October 2014
Annotated Bibliography
Ahmed, Sagir G. "The Role Of Infection In The Pathogenesis Of Vaso-Occlusive Crisis In
Patients With Sickle Cell Disease." Mediterranean Journal Of Hematology & Infectious
Diseases3.1 (2011): 1-9. Academic Search Complete. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.
This source provides examples of probable vulnerabilities patients can have
against pathogens. It serves as a data source mainly from its categorized charts of
infections and analysis of probable symptoms patients with sickle cell anemia can have. It
reinforces an argument that sickle cell anemia is a public health concern and can make
people susceptible to other diseases.
This text is relevant to my research as it connects the concern of sickle cell
anemia as a public health concern so that Congress could act more readily upon it. It
helped me realize that there is a very large African-American population and if they can
easily acquire new diseases if they have sickle cell anemia, then they can spread illnesses
faster. This particular source adds to pieces of other sources that were done in other
countries that ultimately conclude sickle cell anemia as being a condition that can cause a
fatality. The source seems credible since it was made by the Department of Haematology
at a hospital and the author had two different degrees in the medical field.

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Caird, Helen, Paul M. Camic, and Veronica Thomas. "The Lives Of Adults Over 30 Living With
Sickle Cell Disorder." British Journal Of Health Psychology 17.3 (2011): 542558. Academic Search Complete. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.
This source conducts a social experiment for people that have sickle cell anemia
under loose restrictions but thorough analysis of their behaviors and mental state. This
acts as a first hand source as it will appeal to pathos in my argument to create pity
towards my audience that these people need help.
It is important for my research to make it more persuasive to my audience;
Congress. This gives me an idea of what people with sickle cell anemia have to deal with
and how they feel about their lives. It adds to my argument to make it more sympathizing
but also generates a question that may tell the audience that patients with sickle cell
anemia may be able to support themselves as things are already. The source seems
credible as it is part of the British Journal of Psychology so they know their field of
mental stability.
Creary, Melissa, Dhelia Williamson, and Roshni Kulkarni. "Sickle Cell Disease: Current
Activities, Public Health Implications, And Future Directions." Journal Of Women's
Health (15409996) 16.5 (2007): 575-582. Academic Search Complete. Web. 31 Oct.
2014.
This report involves the viewpoint from the Center of Disease Control within the
USA and gives some data relevant to what is being done with respect to the sickle cell
disease. It gives the audience an unbiased report in total because the CDC works in
preventing disease outbreaks so it gives my argument credibility.

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This is relevant to my research such that it acts as an opposing viewpoint to my
argument that there needs to be something done about sickle cell anemia. It gave me
information that CDC gives out about public health and future plans relating to sickle cell
anemia. It somewhat contradicts my general flow of thought I want to establish to the
audience but it also reinforces it because there is not many plans offered for a 2007
report. Since it comes directly from the Center of Disease Control which controls public
health in the USA, the report appears very credible from its M.P.H., Ph.D., and M.D.
authors.
"Inheritance of sickle cell trait." Health and Wellness: Illness among Americans. Barbara
Wexler. 2012 ed. Detroit: Gale, 2013. Information Plus Reference Series. Opposing
Viewpoints in Context. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.
This resource is mainly to provide clarity through a detailed diagram of how the
sickle cell trait is passed down. It shows that it is genetic and not acquired while being a
carrier does not mean you have the disease but can pass it along if a male mates with a
female.
It is important to explain to members of Congress who believe sickle cell anemia
was acquired or not. It did not place more to my understanding because it is information I
already knew of but it can be used to explain to someone who in not biologically savvy. It
connects to other sources by showing that sickle cell anemia is genetic as is the basis of
my argument. The argument came from a health and wellness organization so it seems
relatively credible.

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Nietert, P.J., M.D. Silverstein, and M.R. Abboud. "Sickle Cell Anaemia: Epidemiology And
Cost Of Illness." Pharmacoeconomics 20.6 (2002): 357-366. Academic Search Complete.
Web. 29 Oct. 2014.
These authors create a journal that is mainly qualitative through statistics in sickle
cell patients and to which population it is most persistent in. Then they go over the
efficiency of curing the illness and how well insurances handle in covering expenses. He
gives information done at an institution at Carolina and then goes over how the data may
have changed now since technology and treatment methods change all the time. This
source connects to the financial and statistical aspects of my proposal. It justifies
qualitative data from all over the USA but it does include one piece on Davis which is in
California.
As my proposal goes into financial and insurance terms, this journal was full of
information. It adds to my opinion as to whether it is a major epidemic or not and tells me
more as to where it affects people more and who is at most risk to have it. It also brings
up a counter argument that treatment methods are improving and that there may not be a
need to do something immediately, especially in California. The information appears to
be credible as the authors are from medical institutions in South Carolina and the data
offers its statistics while adding to where this data may range from since it is not exact for
everyone. It also has incredible perspectives on treatments for different cases of the sickle
cell disease and it gives equivalent data on money as to costs to help everyone. Not only
that but it relates it to people who have insurance and those who dont so both sides are
shown as they handle expenses.

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Quick, Heather R. "Privacy For Safety: The NCAA Sickle-Cell Trait Testing Policy And The
Potential For Future Discrimination." Iowa Law Review 97.2 (2012): 665-691. Academic
Search Complete. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.
This resource assures the legislative side of my argument as it provides fairly
current policies regarding sickle cell anemia. It constitutes most of the legalities of my
research and what I have to specifically argue for. It brings up an underlying question that
much is already being covered, but it also raises restrictions.
This text brings up my connection to my audience and establishes a location for
change. It told me that there are already policies to help sickle cell patients but not go in
depth as to how they will regulate the coverages. It contradicts my argument since section
does talk about coverage but it does not do so for regulation to enforce it. It is the only
one of its kind so far since it is regulations but it does tackle the monetary side of my
argument as some other sources do. The author is from the University of Iowa of law so
this author must know some part of legislation to be credible.
Ruffieux, N., et al. "Association Between Biological Markers Of Sickle Cell Disease And
Cognitive Functioning Amongst Cameroonian Children." Child Neuropsychology 19.2
(2013): 143-160. Academic Search Complete. Web. 29 Oct. 2014.
This piece talks about another country within Africa but it does research into how
SCD affect peoples capabilities. The research done was done to several people if they
had the disease and spoke French. They were tested upon their cognitive abilities and
how well their neural capabilities were. They were then placed into categories and the
result yielded an increase of in-abilities the older patients were relative to a normal
person.

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The data again seemed very credible as it was very organized with charts and was
categorized accordingly to age groups and percent disability. There were clear cognitive
deficits amongst younger people and young adults. Although this was done in Cameroon,
it yield as efficient fort my paper as it is more evidence as to SCD being a public health
concern if it affect peoples neural capacity. If this capacity is affected, they are then at a
lower chance to care for themselves and cannot have an equal opportunity of success. If
this is true, then they would not have sufficient meant to acquire funds readily to treat
themselves and would die off little by little. Means to treat may have increased but so
have the prices as other sources have stated before. It adds to the first journal as it is not
subject to the USA but it is a case study to the effects of SCD and how it will ultimately
affect costs for people who have it. It raises a question that it is not so bad in California
but that is something that more research will have to determine.
Somjee, Saika S., et al. "Advanced Glycation End-Products In Sickle Cell Anaemia." British
Journal Of Haematology 128.1 (2005): 112-118. Academic Search Complete. Web. 29
Oct. 2014.
This piece contains very exact biological terms for sickle cell anemia. In short, the
article goes over the effects of sickle cell anemia and hoe research done on some people
prove that the sickle cell disease may in fact place those who have it at a greater risk to
develop other problems like diabetes. The studies included graphs and expressed an
analysis of their data while explaining their situations for their test subjects and how they
were used if they had similar factors.
The data brought light to my proposal as it offered reason as to why it is bad and
why it is of a public health concern. This research was done to see if SCD contributed to

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other health factors and the results seemed promising. From this finding, I can see why
the government needs immediate action to hurry the treatment for sickle cell anemia and
prevention as Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology already suggested. The data
seemed extremely credible as it includes standard errors of mean, generally equivalent
subjects and there was adequate usage of scientific names for chemicals within the body.
All the authors also have knowledge to their subject since they all work with health from
all over the US and the UK. This may also b ring reinforcement to my paper as it can act
as an example to the devastating effects of SCD and why it may be very costly if you
have it and need to treat it. The changes in oxidative stress, glutathione, and glycation end
products offer a quick analysis as to a domino effect of health problems that could be
lowered if the government would help in providing services to treat it.
Ballas, Samir K. "Defining The Phenotypes Of Sickle Cell Disease." Hemoglobin 35.5/6 (2011):
511-519. Academic Search Complete. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.
This simply explains more about being a carrier for sickle cell anemia. Another
primary source already explains this briefly and the focus does not seem necessary to
persuade Congress that insurances should supply more for sickle cell anemia patients.
Since this information sidetracks a bit, it may not be used too much but for a mere
example.
"Genetic Disorders." Genetics and Genetic Engineering. Barbara Wexler. 2011 ed. Detroit: Gale,
2011. Information Plus Reference Series. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 31 Oct.
2014.
This resource covers reinforcement to understand what sickle cell anemia is and
how it occurs at a genetic level. It shows that symptoms can be treated but not the

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disorder itself. It is more biological for information but it may not be necessary for my
argument. It is also a little repetitive as to what sickle cell anemia is and I do not
necessarily need to explain thoroughly as to what genes are the ones affected and what
they are called.
Holden, Constance. "Race and medicine." Science 302.5645 (2003): 594+. Opposing Viewpoints
in Context. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.
This source talks about treatment plans for sickle cell anemia which is ideal for
my research. It is from 2003 so the information is not too credible and the author does not
give any degrees for expertise in the field of science. The information itself appears great
but repetitive from comparison to other sources.
Ivo, Maria Lcia, and Alexandra Maria Almeida Carvalho Pinto. "Dynamics Of Sickle Cell
Disease As One Of The Determinants Of Quality Of Life." Revista Brasileira De
Hematologia E Hemoterapia 35.4 (2013): 227-228. Academic Search Complete. Web. 31
Oct. 2014.
The scientific comment is brief and repetitive compared to the firsthand accounts
about sickle cell anemia. The information was made by multiple languages and seems
translated so credibility is not too assuring. The information still provides worldly
reference so it may be used for the aspect it provides from Brazil.
Jervey, Gay. "Charles Paylor." Money 32.11 (2003): 56-57.Academic Search Complete. Web. 31
Oct. 2014.
After looking at this source, it is more convincing to use as both an opposing
viewpoint and reinforcement. It goes against my argument since Kaiser Permanente gave

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insurance to an individual, but also supports that expenses are tough since he has to miss
work a lot. The only aspect of doubt is credibility, but it is a personal account.
Osunkwo, Ifeyinwa, et al. "Vitamin D Deficiency And Chronic Pain In Sickle Cell
Disease." British Journal Of Haematology 153.4 (2011): 538-540. Academic Search
Complete. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.
There is credibility to all the specialists that contributed to this article.
Information supports my argument to say patients with the disease suffer but it is also
repetitive and probably not needed for this particular argument. The other sources already
support immunity deficiencies for those who have sickle cell anemia.
Prentice, David. "Adult stem cells-best-kept secret, treating sickle cell anemia'." National Right
to Life News Oct. 2010. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.
This information is from a magazine and does not necessarily go with my
argument. It talks about a possible cure, stem cells, but it may only be used as an
example. The source is fairly short but does reference doctors and some statistical data.

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Synthesis
After looking through 15 different sources, my research will now have slightly changed.
At first, my proposal targeted Congress to make insurances help those who have sickle cell
anemia, but now, it is a bit different. Now, my research is based more on slightly changing the
coverage insurances have for sickle cell anemia and to help out a little more for those who
struggle to support themselves and their family. It will have to regard legislation found in
"Privacy For Safety: The NCAA Sickle-Cell Trait Testing Policy And The Potential For Future
Discrimination." Some possible questions that remain is what can be done to do more compared
to the legislation that is around presently, why should it change now, and why would
Californians want to use tax money to help this cause. First, my research will have to begin by
describing what sickle cell anemia is since it is somewhat of a difficult concept to grasp. I will
have to assume my audience, Congress, for California are not experts and describe it as brief and
explicitly as possible while retaining its true meaning. This research will then develop with the
sources that involve sickle cell anemia itself like"Sickle Cell Anaemia: Epidemiology And Cost
Of Illness." Then, other sources such as "Association Between Biological Markers Of Sickle Cell
Disease And Cognitive Functioning Amongst Cameroonian Children" and "Advanced Glycation
End-Products In Sickle Cell Anaemia" can be used to explain how people who have the sickle
cell disease are disabled and need help to sustain themselves. Upon following this direction, I
may include materials mixed from each source since they all hold relative information as to who
the carriers for sickle cell anemia is. One such reference by Nietert, Silverstein, and Abboud, acts
like an excellent resource as it talks about the epidemiology of sickle cell anemia which is the
underlying problem in my proposal. It includes a broader scope of information that I can use as a
minor model, while using my other sources to add detail and statistics for my argument to
establish credibility to my audience. Once establishing my point that sickle cell anemia patients
are disabled compared to a regular person, I can elaborate on what is already being done so that
my argument shows that my proposal to merely help out a little more is feasible since there is
already some help being provided t those who have sickle cell anemia or are carriers and could
have children that have the disorder. Here, I can use my information from "Inheritance of sickle
cell trait" to remind my audience that it is not their fault that they have the disorder and move to
a pathos appealing source such as "Charles Paylor" and "The Lives Of Adults Over 30 Living
With Sickle Cell Disorder" to show that the people who have the disease are relatively passionate
about their lives but have to struggle simply to get by. Then I can connect public health to my
argument by adding information from "The Role Of Infection In The Pathogenesis Of VasoOcclusive Crisis In Patients With Sickle Cell Disease" to show that patients with sickle cell
anemia are very susceptible to acquiring new diseases so treating people with sickle cell anemia
could result as a public safety measure since many African Americans either carry or have the
illness. Next, offering legislative background from "Privacy For Safety: The NCAA Sickle-Cell
Trait Testing Policy And The Potential For Future Discrimination" can be expressed and used to
show and explain how it is in the right direction, but misses key factors to enforce and sustain
many people due to time being wasted for medicine or treatments. All along the way, opposing
viewpoints were expressed in almost every resource so I can simultaneously express them and
relate them to show many people care about fixing this disease. Later I could even search for
quotes from organizations such as websicklecell.org, childrensmn.org, andsicklecelldisease.org
to use as references as to how many people seek help from this disease. My resolution would be
subtle so my conclusion to my proposal could be of use to not only those who suffer from sickle
cell anemia, but to Congressman who need votes from people who want public safety.