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Pine

Uses: Furniture, window frames, panelling, floors


and roofing, the resin of is a source of turpentine.
Type of wood

Soft

Source

Natural

Origin

Europe, Scandinavia

Properties and features: Easy to work, relatively


cheap, readily available. May contain knots, which
weaken the wood. May contain resin pockets.

Oak

Uses: Good-quality furniture, interior woodwork.


Type of wood

Hard

Source

Natural

Origin

Europe

Properties and features: Tough and durable.


Finishes well but stains in contact with steel.

Ash

Uses: Tool handles, sports equipment, wooden


ladders.
Type of wood

Hard

Source

Natural

Origin

Europe

Properties and features: Tough and flexible can


be bent if steamed. Open grain.

Beech

Uses: Some furniture, especially chairs; toys;


wooden parts of tools.
Type of wood

Hard

Source

Natural

Origin

Europe

Properties and features: Close-grained, hardwearing and strong. Finishes well.

Birch

Uses: Main timber used for plywood.


Type of wood

Hard

Source

Natural

Origin

Europe & North America

Properties and features: Fairly soft and easy to


work. Open grain.

Cherry

Uses: Good-quality furniture.


Type of wood

Hard

Source

Natural

Origin

Europe & North America

Properties and features: Fairly close grain. Easy to


work.

Elm

Uses: Indoor and outdoor furniture.


Type of wood

Hard

Source

Natural

Origin

Europe & North America

Properties and features: Open and sometimes


interlocking grain. Tough and durable, resists
splitting, durable in water.

Iroko

Uses: Garden furniture, science benches.


Type of wood

Hard

Source

Natural

Origin

West Africa

Properties and features: Strong, fairly hard,


durable, open grain.

Mahogany

Uses: Good-quality furniture.


Type of wood

Hard

Source

Natural

Origin

Equatorial countries

Properties and features: Durable and easy to work


but with some difficult interlocking grain.
Alternatives woods include sapele and utile.

Meranti

Uses: Interior joinery. Used for making plywood.


Type of wood

Hard

Source

Natural

Origin

South-Eastern Asia

Properties and features: Fairly strong and durable.


Splits easily when sawing.

Obeche

Uses: Some parts of furniture; the core of plywood.


Type of wood

Hard

Source

Natural

Origin

West Africa

Properties and features: Soft, light, not very


durable, straight, open grain.

Sapele

Uses: Good quality furniture.


Type of wood

Hard

Source

Natural

Origin

West Africa

Properties and features: Hard and closed grained,


often stripy grain pattern.

Teak

Uses: High-quality indoor and outdoor furniture;


boat-building; science benches.
Type of wood

Hard

Source

Natural

Origin

Indian subcontinent

Properties and features: Strong and durable.


Resistant to moisture. Colour darkens when
exposed to light.

MDF

Uses: Furniture, kitchen units, flooring.


Cost
Source

Low
Man Made

Production: Tiny particles of timber are glued


together and compressed with a resin adhesive.
Properties: A solid and stable board that has a wide
range of uses and can be produced economically.
Easily damaged by moister.

Glue laminated

Uses: Used for roof, lintel and floor beams, columns


and rafters in almost any type of structure.
Cost
Source

High
Man Made

Production: By laminating several smaller pieces of


timber, a single large, strong, structural member is
manufactured from smaller pieces.

Properties: Very strong. More environmentally


friendly that concrete/steel beams. Can be shaped.

Plywood

Uses: Furniture and toys. Interior and external


varies available.
Cost
Source

Low
Man Made

Production: Thin laminates of wood glued together.


Each layer is at right angle to the grain of the other.
Properties: Flat, stable boards with constant
strength and thickness. Quite flexible, especially if
there are thinner sheets.

Chipboard

Uses: Often used in kitchens when a protective and


decorative surface has been added.
Cost
Source

Low
Man Made

Production: Lots of tiny chips of timber are mixed


with glue and compressed into sheets.
Properties: Cheap board that is difficult to join and
is not very strong. Easily damaged by moister. Edges
are easily damaged and need protection.

Blockboard

Uses: Furniture.
Cost

Source

Low

Man Made

Production: Strips of softwood glued side by side


and then a covering veneer is added to both sides.
Properties: Very strong and stable board.

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