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Age of Absolutism: Russia

Dynasty: Romanov

Early Russian Leaders


The Ivans(Ivan III and Ivan IV) were kings of
Moscow who added lands around the city to their
kingdoms
Ivan IV, or Ivan Ivan the Terrible was an
especially brutal king who eliminated boyars
(nobles) who opposed his rule.
They refused to pay tribute to Mongol invaders and
were able to hold off their invasionthus acting as
a buffer between the Mongols and Western
Europe.

Micheal Romanov
After a series of elected kings, Micheal Romanov was
elected Emperor by the nobles.
Nobles agreed to make rule heredietary in exchange for
Michaels granting them total control over their peasants,
reducing serfs to little more than slave labor. This meant that
feudalism lasted much longer in Russia than anywhere else
in Europe.
Russian emperors were called tsar or czar which is a
Russian translation of Caesar.

Peter the Great (Peter Romanov)


Westernization: Peters main goal as Russias tsar was to
modernize his country and make it more like the rest of Europe
so it could be a world power.
Peter visited nations incognito in disguise to learn their ways.
(he worked as a dockhand in England, carpenter in Holland,
etc.)
Peter paid 700 European scientists, mathematicians and
Engineers to return with him to Russia to educate his people.
Back in Russia, Peter forced noblemen to shave their beards
and
noblewomen to wear, fine, Western-style dresses.
Nobles were required to serve as government officials or as
military officers.
Peter modernized the Russian army and defeated Sweden
capturing land on the Baltic Sea to use as a port. On this
location he built a brand new capital city: St. Petersburg This
port city made Russia more connected with Western Europe
and he called it his Window to the West.

Catherine the Great


Catherine was not a Romanov by birth, but married into the
royal family in Russia(she was a German princess originally)
She is known as Russias only tsarina or empress.
To get nobles to allow her to rule upon the death of her
husband, she promised to free them from taxes and government
service and gave them a written charter of their rights.
She led Russia during campaigns of expansion:
She defeated the Ottomans to the south around the Black Sea
where Russia built its first warm water port which could be used
year-round(unlike those on the northern, Baltic Sea).
Along with the Austrians and Prussians, she carved up Poland
and thus gained more land in Eastern Europe.

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