World Cultures 11

Unit III: Latin America

Name: ______________________________
Date:

LATIN AMERICAN PEOPLES WIN INDEPENDENCE

Directions: After reading the document below, please answer the following questions completely and
Thoroughly in complete sentence format.
Background Question:
1. What three factors motivated the people of Latin America to rebel against their European
controllers?
Enlightenment and the French/ American Revolution

Haitian Independence
1. Who controlled the colony of Haiti and what two leaders where responsible for their
independence?
LOuveture ruled and jean-jacques Dessalines helped them gain their
independence.

2. Why were they able to win their independence so quickly and easily?

The French were dealing with Napoleon and werent expecting a revolt of the slaves.
3. How was this movement for independence different from revolutions in the rest of Latin
America? [You will have to answer this question after reading the entire document.]

The slaves were used in this revolution to actually help.

Viceroyalty of Peru
1. Identify and explain the specific events on the European continent effected the movement for
independence in Peru.
The creoles went to Europe to learn but came back with ideas of
independence and rebellion started.

2. The movement from independence was spearheaded by what two creoles. Who were they and
explain how they were able to gain it.
Bolivar and San Martin. They were creoles that fought for independence in
Spanish territories.

3. What name did they give to the independent viceroyalty?

Gran Columbia
Viceroyalty of New Spain
1. How did the movement for independence differ from that of Peru?
A group of lower class people led the rebellions.

2. The movement began with the leadership of what two leaders? Explain their rebellion and its
successes/failures.

Hidalgo and Morelos. They fought against the Spanish but Hidalgo lost and Morelos
fought for many more years to come.

3. Ironically, a creole DID eventually was successful in gaining freedom from Spain. Who was he,
and whey did favor independence in 1820 when he did not earlier?
Iturbide, he defeated Morelos and gained independence in 1821.

4. What government/title did this liberator give the newly independent viceroyalty?
What happened to his government?
He called himself the emperor but died few years later. His didnt understand the
concept of independence.

Brazil
1. Why was this colony governed differently than the Spanish colonies just prior to independence?
The royal family of Portugal has to leave brazil due to Napoleons threat to them.

2. How did the movement for independence differ in this Portuguese colony than those of the
Spanish colonies?
They gained their independence with no violence needed.