Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Minoan Culture
The Minoan culture took place between 2200 and 1450 B.C.
The first European civilization began with the Minoans on the island of Crete.
Minoans were named after a character from Greek mythology named King Minos.
The name Minos may have been a title for their leaders similar to Pharaoh in Egypt.
Minoans built their towns on the coast because of the rich farm land.
The Minoans traveled by sea to trade pottery.
The largest Minoan palace was built in their capital, Knossos.
We assume that the Minoans believed in life after death because they buried the dead
with possessions for the afterlife.
The Minoans developed an early Greek alphabet called Linear A.
The Minoan lifestyle is hedonistic or pleasure seeking.
Volcanic activity and an attack from the Myceneans ended the Minoan culture.
The approximate date for the Mycenaen Culture is c. 1450 B.C. to 1200 B.C.
The Mycenaen Greeks gained control of Thessaly to the southern Peloponnesus by 1450
B.C.
The Mycenaen civilization received its name from the city, Mycenae.
The Mycenaen people made and exported pottery and bronze weapons.
Two adjectives that describe the Mycenaen culture are militaristic and commercial.
The primary means of defense was the citadel.
The citadel was a stronghold on a hilltop occupied by the ruling family and its army.
The royal tombs and artifacts found at Athens and Thebes helped us understand more
about the Mycenaens.
The Mycenaen civilization ended after the Dorian invasions.
Review Sheet
Phoenician Civilization and the Alphabet
The approximate date of The Phoenician Civilization is c. 1200 B.C. 1000 B.C.
The Phoenicians were desert nomads.
A nomad is someone who moves from place to place and does not have a permanent
home.
The Phoenicians were the Canaanites of the Bible.
The Phoenicians lived in the land of Canaan.
The Phoenicians were called Canaanites until about 1200 B.C. Then they were called
Phoenicians.
The Phoenician name came from the Greek word phoinos.
Phoinos means red.
The Phoenicians were named after the reddish-purple dye they produced.
The main job (occupation) of the Phoenicians was merchants and traders.
Because of their advanced ships they were known as the greatest seafarers of the
ancient world.
The most important way the Phoenicians helped their culture advance is their alphabet.
The Phoenician alphabet was the first known alphabet.
This alphabet was used in creating our alphabet.
The Phoenician alphabet had 30 consonants and no vowels.
History Review
Home and Greek Mythology
History Review
The Olympics
The Olympics began in 776 B.C.
The Olympics were held at Olympia.
The Olympics was a sacred festival of sacrifices and athletic games for the gods.
Sacred means thought of with reverence.
The festival was so sacred that warring tribes would stop fighting during the games.
The Olympics brought the Greeks together.
Only pureblooded Greeks could participate in the festival.
The festival lasted for one week.
The first day of the festival a parade was held where athletes from each state of Greece
marched in the parade.
On the second, third, and fourth days the competitions were held.
The competitions were: wresting, boxing, chariot racing and the pentathalon and the
famous four-horse chariot race.
The pentathalon consisted of long jump, javelin throwing, discus throwing, followed by
the stadion (foot race) and wrestling.
The last day was the day the winners were announced and received a prize.
The winners received a crown made from the branches of a wild olive tree.
Each winner would have their names, fathers name, and the name of his city
announced as they received their crown.
The winners would make a sacrifice to Zeus.
All winners were greatly honored at home for the rest of their life.
History Review
Founding of Rome
Most believe the city of Rome was founded in c.753 B.C.
Legend says that Rome was founded by the twin brothers Romulus and Remus.
The twins were the grandsons of King Nubitor.
King Nubitor had a brother named Amulius.
Amulius stole the kingdom from his brother, King Nubitor.
Amulius was afraid the twins would grow up and seek revenge for the death of their father.
Amulius had the boys thrown in the river Tiber to kill them.
The twins did not die. Somehow they got to the bank of the river.
A mother wolf found them and carried them home to raise them.
Later, a shepherd discovered the babies with the mother wolf and took them home to his wife.
When the twins grew up, they learned that they were princes and went to seek revenge
against Amulius.
The twins won the battle with Amulius.
Then the twins fought over who would rule their kingdom.
Romulus struck and killed Remus.
The walls of Rome were built and named after Romulus.
Rome was founded by the Etruscans.
Several other people were living in Italy.
The largest group of people living in Italy were the Latins.
Latins spoke the language of Latin.
We definitely know that the first citizens of Rome came from the Etruscans and the Latins.
History Review
Card 8: Greece, Colonized, Democracy Begins
The approximate date of the colonization of Greece is 750-508 B.C.
The Greeks were struggling with a shortage of food.
The land had too many people and not enough crops and game to feed them all.
When they were exploring the sea for food they discovered new lands where they could plant
crops and farm the land.
Greeks migrated to these new lands.
Trade began between the new colonies and the main land of Greece.
These colonies were along the coast of Asia Minor and the Mediterranean Sea.
Ancient Greece was made up of city states.
The city states contained a few rich people and many poor people.
The rich and poor in the city states would often fight for control of the city state.
A new form of government called demoktatia was started by a man name Cleisthenes in 508
B.C.
Cleisthenes lived in Athens.
This government was made up of something called an Assembly.
The Assembly was made up of all the citizens.
The Assembly had a meeting every ten days to talk about laws that the Council thought they
should have.
500 of the citizens were elected by lot to write the laws.
The entire Assembly voted on all matters.
The military leaders were elected and called strategoi.
Our democracy in America was based on this type of government.
History Review
Roman Republic Developed
History Review
Persian War
The approximate date of this card is c. 500-480 B.C.
The Persians began to threaten the Greeks.
The Persians lived in the land we now call Iran.
The Persians tried to conquer Greece.
In 546 B.C. the Persians were finally able to successfully conquer the Ionian states of
Greece.
The Ionian states of Greece were on the west coast of Asia Minor.
The Greeks did not like this invasion, and they tried to rebel against the Persians.
The Persians defeated the Greeks. This was the start of the Persian Wars.
The people of Athens and Sparta worked together to fight the Persians.
The Greeks won a battle against the Persians that was called the Battle of Marathon.
The Greeks won the Battle of Marathon even though they were greatly outnumbered by
the Persian army.
The Persian king at this time was King Darius.
The Greeks were so happy to win this battle that they sent a messenger to tell everyone.