Information Systems

Presented by: Muhammad Ajmal Khan

MPhil 0504
Deptt. of Library and Information Science,
University of the Punjab, Lahore

Outline
Definitions
Types of Information Systems
Information Systems Vs Information Technology

Expanding Roles of IS
Classification of IS
Enterprise Resource Planning
Information Systems Development
IS as Discipline

Information systems: Opportunities and Challenges

Conclusion

Data

Definitions

Raw facts such as an employees name and number of

hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers or sales
orders.
Information
A collection of facts organized in such a way that they
have additional value beyond the value of the facts
themselves.
Information
Data
$35,000 12 Units
$12,000 J. Jones
Western Region
$100,000 100 Units
35 Units

Data
Processing

Salesperson: J. Jones
Sales Territory:
Western Region
Current Sales: 147
Units = $147,000

Definitions
Information Systems
An information system(IS) is typically considered to be a set of
interrelated elements or components that collect(input),
manipulate(processes), and disseminate (output) data and
information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an
objective.

Open System
Close System

Types of Information Systems

1. Informal Information System
2. Formal Information System

Computer-based Information System

An Information System is an organized combination of people,
hardware, software, communication networks and the data resources that
collects, transforms and disseminates information in a organization.

IS Vs IT
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

Inventory
System

Hardware
Software
Databases

Networks
Other related
components

Payroll
System

are used to build

INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Marketing
System

Customer
Service
System

Expanding Roles of IS
1. Data Processing: 1950s-1960s
2. Management Reporting: 1960s-1970s

3. Decision support: 1970s-1980s

4. Strategic and End User Support: 1980s-1990s
5. Global Internetworking: 1990s-2000s

Classification of IS
Information Systems

Operations
Support System

Transaction
processing
systems

Process control
systems

Office
automation
systems

Management
Support System

Management
information
systems

Decision
support
systems

Executive
information
systems

1. Operations support systems process data generated by business

operations
Major categories are:
i) Transaction processing systems
ii) Process control systems
iii) Office automation systems
2. Management Support Systems provide information and
support needed for effective decision making by managers
Major categories are
i)

Management Information System

ii) Decision Support Systems

iii) Executive Information System

1. Operations Support System

i) Transaction processing systems

Process business exchanges

Maintain records about the exchanges
Handle routine, yet critical, tasks
Perform simple calculations

ii) Process control systems monitor and control industrial

processes.
iii) Office automation systems automate office procedures and
enhance office communications and productivity.

2. Management support systems provide information and support

needed for effective decision making by managers
Major categories are:

i)

Management information systems

Routine information for routine decisions

Operational efficiency
Use transaction data as main input
Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas

ii) Decision Support System

Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems

End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS

iii) Executive information systems

provide critical information tailored to the information needs of
executives

Other categories

a) Expert systems
b) End user computing systems
c) Business information systems
d) Strategic information systems
a) Expert Systems are knowledge-based systems that provides
expert advice and act as expert consultants to the users
b) End user computing systems support the direct, hands on use of
computers by end users for operational and managerial
applications

c) Business information systems support the operational and

managerial applications of the basic business functions of a firm
d) Strategic information systems provide a firm which strategic
products, services, and capabilities for competitive advantage

Enterprise Resource Planning

(ERP)

Integrated programs that can manage a

companys entire set of business operations
Often coordinate planning, inventory
control, production and ordering

Information Systems Development

IS as Discipline
IS is an interdisciplinary field influenced by Computer Science,
Political Science, Psychology, Operations Research, Linguistics,
Sociology, and Organizational Theory.

Challenges
1. Workforce downsizing
2. Information overload
3. Employee mistrust
4. Difficult to built
5. Security breaches

Opportunities
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Enhanced global competitiveness

Capture market opportunities
Support corporate strategy
Enhance worker productivity
Improve quality of goods and services

Conclusion
Information Systems are indispensable to the business,
industry, academia and any organization to meet the future
challenges