AND GATE

If all inputs are high, the output is high.

Otherwise, the output is low.
AND gate truth table:
A | B | Y
----------------0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 0
1 | 0 | 0
1 | 1 | 1

OR Gater
If one or more inputs is high, the output is
high. If all inputs are low, the output is low.
OR gate truth table:

A | B | Y

----------------0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 1
1 | 0 | 1
1 | 1 | 1

NOT Gate
If the input is high, the output is low. If the input is
low, the output is high.
NOT gate truth table:

A | Y
----------0 | 1
1 | 0

In addition to the obvious use this stage has for logic inversion, it is often used to construct more
complex logic gates. For example, the AND gate followed by a NOT gate becomes the NAND gate. The
OR followed by a NOT gate becomes a NOR gate.
Two NOT gates connected in series (one driving the other) become a non-inverting buffer stage, with
high input impedance and low output impedance. In designing practical circuits, this can be useful for
increasing the fanout (gate driving range) of a logic circuit, where circuit loading may be encountered.

NAND Gate

If one or more inputs is low, the output is high. If

all inputs are high, the output is low.
NAND gate truth table:
A | B | Y
----------------0 | 0 | 1
0 | 1 | 1
1 | 0 | 1
1 | 1 | 0

VCC
This is a quick and convenient source of a common
supply voltage. The source is more compact than the
battery symbol. It holds a point high, at +5 volts,
corresponding to a binary "1" or logical TRUE.

NOR Gate
If all inputs are low, the output is high.
Otherwise the output is low.
NOR gate truth table:

A | B | Y
----------------0 | 0 | 1
0 | 1 | 0
1 | 0 | 0
1 | 1 | 0

XOR Gate
If an odd number of inputs is high,
the output is high. Otherwise, the
output is low.
XOR gate truth table:

A | B | Y

----------------0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 1
1 | 0 | 1
1 | 1 | 0

XNOR Gate

If an even number of inputs is high, the

output is high. If an odd number of inputs
is high, the output is low.
XNOR gate truth table:
A | B | Y
----------------0 | 0 | 1
0 | 1 | 0
1 | 0 | 0
1 | 1 | 1