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Origen:
Cosmology
and
Ontology of Time
1'. T 7.amaliko!;
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'I'
ate
Supplements
to
Vigiliae Christianae
FormerlY Philasaphia Patrum
T exts and Studies of
Early C hriSlian Lire and L1nguagc
~:d;"'"
J-
'I'
ate
11y"" ..... .
C hapter Two
"
39
,""u
..
T he I~"~)I" "f"'" """ "",1 w',,-,bt- .. ... ......... ...... ..... ....
Go<1 ;" incorporeal ............... .. ....... .................... ........... ........ .
' 11,, " -orld is mawrhl ........ .. ............................... .. ........... .... .
""
"0
'"
'"
116
( [9
Cl",!,,,,r F'''
God tb. l.og'" ami Wor ld .. ........... ...... ... ....
T h" 'place of the 1 ~'Il'" .... .. ...... .... ..... ...... ... ......... .. ....
\1'orM and T,,,,,, .... ... .. ..... ... ... ..... _._....... ...... _.. ....... .. ....
Conclu';"ll .... ... ........ .... ....... .......................................... ..... .....
IG5
165
112
17[
Chap'u Four
PMIT 11
O"-[ "01.O(;Y OF T I M [
1)9
1)9
206
''0
..---.
.. .. . . ..--. --
..
.................
...
-... .. -......
219
'"
241
259
260
26U
272
28 1
292
296
310
3 10
3 13
316
316
G(~I
3~ 1
and c'e~' " ,d)" freedom ............... ... .. ...... .. ..... .... ...... .. "
Tl", conception of <n",.,jiry .......................... ........................
I'a,u'al ea"",[it)" ................................................. .............. ...
C ~ U "'bl) 01 ,..~lion~1 .c';on ...... ..
h i'l~lIljal c"",,,,Ii,)
'11,< 110,iou of prt"-<:xi"<nt <"U'le>
Time .. the "'<teru;oh of f=do",
H
__ . . . _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ .
. . _ __
_ _ .... ..
_ ___ . . . . _ __ .
. . ___ __ _ . . . .
245
321
325
326
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337
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---- ... .. -...
.. .......--
359
:177
393
T""" ............................................................
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4 14
,"udi<:d O,;~" fol' ~.., 1:... '''-' 'IIl) -kl" years. I h~,'" 00"'''
\0 Lo.-l"-w !h", 1" is lk '0"" ,ragic eI,""",,"r of ,ill Chri,u,", scholar,,!Iil', if 1101 "f ~Il Ch,;,,;an hi>tu,y_ I m,'O" the epi'h'" tT""..gi<' in
it> origill.1 ""1l>C, rdemlt;; to Il"ble I"",,on enll"ging iD " mOT"".tlI)'
1l101I1entOu' "'"ggle endillg ill mill, c,""nti:dl)" '" a <OIl,<qUCll of
SOD'~ ex,,"''''e q""Ii,y. "I,ich i> I.:,,), ,he "'"co- of hi' grc,utcss ,,,,d
the ,.m", of hi, do"- nf~lI _ Perh"p' cdc~ ,;" .nd "dui.."", came too
<.rll ill hi, lif". I,,:rhop' it ,,,,' hi, "orm)' d, .... c... r anrl hi, a ,od",,"
it), 10 fUl'llioJ, I< Il L~ti,-e ,heol"Sical c"n.ic"""",, ",'h;':h wo,,- re""i,-,,d
11101 "I ",")~ ill guod faith"" dd;""i,,, <1O<1ri""". alth ough he him"
self I""p0sed the>n ;'" I'0,;;il>ll" e~,.geo<' of <lIon,}, I",,,io", of 1he
"cilc,1 SCliptun. IIot a. ", on<i.tufJi dict~ _
It "",'m, '0 m~ d~" for a ll appn>lOo:h to Origt"ll to be i odi.pIH"bI~.
it " nec,"""",, to dctennine in th, ~"1 pi."" tCII'~' ,""h "" hi, COli"
c<"pt of T ime_ whicb nocn.ariJ)" imuil'C"O hi. C"""O~'. U UCC car"
diu,,1 notions , uch as 1h~ are fitml), ",,,,b/i'hetl one ('Ut go ah e:od
,,-ilh ill " .lf1"ing OIh"r "'I"'"""' of hi' <h<'oIog). being co",id<'ra~l)'
intact from tl>< current elldlo,. alld chaotic conlr","o,,",- ",-er th c
. uthcllt;"i,)' of ,,-h.t ru", beell left I",billd
T h" i, wh I 1"<""'"' ,bi, "'''" ogmpb 0 11 hi , CmJllolog.,- alld
Ou,o]ogy ,,fTime. Not ( 111)" \>"'"u"'" thi. i.! !he .pi"" of h" 'bough'
(iode',d of ""Y philooophic~1 or th"oJogic,,1 ~lo"ght\. b,,, .. L;o 1..,'0"..
it is 10.,,\1 to di,pute t~lIe" which .'" bt"t, "lid Y'" decUi,-dy peT"
,ucatc all of , hi, tbeo!og.,-. ~1)' iutenti" " i, to go ahead ,,-ith hi.
l'hiloool'lI)" of Hi,tot)' alld ~:.cllato!ogy I)-C". I all, aw"-,,, of mart)'
""hob ... .,ill denying ,hat ."d, a thing "'''" exim;'1 Ooigtu " witne ..
<li'pu <ed doc,rill~' , ,,ch :os hi, T,;"il~ri'"' tw,olo!\) "',11 fOil""'. <I,-,<\<ing hea,;]), '''' thi, :'lId the fOl1hcom i"g ",or><>gT"ph ,., histol)"_
O"c of my aim, iD ilii, t.~)~ w., to C(mtril"Jt~ to n-al""tiou 11""
n"",i,-e ""'WoII of ;"graill ed cl";"" about O,igon i, ""lIod for.
alt hough [ am a"'a'e of how ha ...1 it is for
","um p,;oo< '0
Ix di"","'t;mlCd_ Origcn mu" be c'''," led ,,-i,h h.,-;III( piunce,d the
p,;n";pol i,k,,, of th,- Christi"" (1J'I<~'I" of Time. ,,-hik' his C"''''OIogy
"",xl ill ]~'rmo"j" ,,;,h thi. th",)I)" 11< ",,"t . 1'0 be gi'''''' th. ~"",tit
that. fXi" I'",d . hc ", .d~ tb~", ide,.. p.~btahl~_ . i,,,,c 'hc)' imbucd h"
H~,.,,,;;
er""",
h(Om ilio>, c(Ommentane>, <l;"'" OU'''''. Th~", idea, "''He in facl p,,,,,a_
bot ,,,,,(008 ,],"'" "hKh dctcrmiuocd hi> en.ire .hrology. a nd ye' ' h"}"
."y "J
b...
t",~.i"" .
I chen,h ,h~ hope Ihal i, ,,;11 corne 0,,1 ,hat hi, e""nolog.,. and
U",olog.,. of Time , hrow !lootl of light on ",heT " Jbjcc,,. '" ,hat
" "",re '''K"k,u,k<l ,~'" of U ngeu will enleTg<" before ' he ,,,.deT.
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Fragllleutlll1l ex ll <Nuiii.c 39 ill J crc ,niallJ
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Th,',. ;,. a IY"""."I>I< diffen,"ee in 1, 0"" "P'''''. Oil ,h~ oJlC h""d, and
time, on the other, ha. b,,," tn:atcd . ,\t the d~"" of Greek phiJo',
"ph), (the o'tsI:, of philo,oph)' ilSelf \ ,be P""""r,,,k pbilNOph"'.
"".rdo.~t (h~ ,p.tial ~'I .. "t of the
a, ,.Il unqllCStion.IM dat"""
They ","ght to ,lioo:.>"<'T the P'.'TI"''''''''' I'rillcif*:i bebin<l th,'
btll "0 Oll~ put the n'y e.i"""",, Qf >t,ace p",per in '1,,,,.t;" ,,, Th".
the F.uc~d'3U rollception of '1"' .uco,,,,,.n:,1 ,'i rt l~,lI)' DO rollt""
,'e",y through"''' it> hi"o,ieal lif., I" fa,,' lh;' toll"-'Plioll or "I'""e
n'main<d "I)oo",,,t,<I for lOo,, than '''''' 'ho~""td yea ...
lIy cont,a,t, (h" '1",,,tio " of ,imc I"", , cc_.i\"O,1 " ,',..t ,-.riny of
co",id<"T~,jo'" "Old h. , bee" a "LWer of CQIl Iru,-er>y siuce 1\nti(l"jt)',
in a drhale which is ;till going 011. l 'am]M,~le" ,leui. 1 of ,ucc"';ou
.. 'Ml e>1 ..bl;'h1 the lint mdical do" l" ..bo", ,lte ,'ery exi"ent't of
,in ... . T lci, proolem 'wwr e.:........ <0 ''''''ali"" phil<>soph,'''' ,,'~r
"nt il our ,b)"_ Thio i, 'I ui'~ tmdc",tand.bk e'''''' th",,,gh commoll
expairnc<". Space cou"i,u ,.. ~ conI'''''' ..,mory ta ngihl. ",alit)". lu
"pitr of the r"", that 'he world i, Ru "b\'io,,~)" I<mJ>uffll reali,)", ,ime
1"01"" " au ",.., i'"e collaption. ~I.di,,,,jon "I"'n it ,le",.",!! iu,,()..
'1lrcu"e .xp"ri,'"'''' ",><I "-,,,O]lr01;O"; i" .hon, i( .km'''td, 31." ....... ti",,, ftr nu"" d,,~,-c than th .. ""t"'n ~ 'I''''''' do,.,., Sj""", i, ",-.ila l~c
to 'he onos' i",m"li"" npe";" nee , ~, ,,, dj", sV;u< 0'''' it w,,, ,bought
to be. Time
a rca~t)' ",~)rchend1 mktqumll} to ""acc
... ><1 ,10"" i( is gr~'I',:d ""~"
"0"'-'1"'''''' Tlci, I,d,o ..dl"",i<:m
OH ci",,' ",rough oon -t<'''I'0ral r<,It"...,. .,,,1 " t'~ul )' w ,10" "",,( '~ I
;"~Uon of tim,, an iU"sLr~ti"" c".hh,h<d ~nd embedded in intrl
l""t",,1 tmditio n, ",hid, is non",h*" .... "P''''.ibk f(" many of the
mj'<toTllI'n:hen'io", of ,jme prol",r .ud i", Mturc. 'l1,i, tentien"y
I><'g:'" ,,-;(10 ID'" oh!,,,,,'a(ion of ~,e ]1"riodidty of m01io", of ".:",,,1),
l><><'Ii,,;; it ".-ern " )) " 'itl> the correj:,t;"n of time to >paual mOlion;
r"cmu,Jlf timc i" itself c~"'" to be "i'1"'Uy bj'"li.lid ,,,,d th'"
.ltpgothcr climi '~'1<d_ Q"i,c al~l)' Ikf)!><>n, more ,1"", a hundn,,!
)'eaN 'go, poiuwl on' ,hat if wc try W cO"<cll'e of time'" n ..",jc
I!<'oo'etrirnl line, ,,'r a", rt:ally thinking of 'J"ce.'
,(.a,.
""n'"""",,
.i",,.
"PP'''''' "'
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in., r.ogI<,1, br C,
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m" ...,
,,'en'
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p.",.
t,,"",al
I"''''.'''
11 ,,-'" ))(~ nle~n' to be "" , i, w,,-, no. ",-ell f~al ;"1 ,ha, ,10< P[(~"
lem or ,i"'t ",'" ,ur'tcwl 10 , u"h " . p.,io.li",.1 perul',ion. )'" 1h<
fael ;, ~'a, 'Itis ","OI ulio" t",.,1 ,i "c~ l'.,.o",,idoo ~"d "'no ""til ,he
I)[e,",,", .ime , Cenainl)' ,hi, " ..., "01 ",,< ide nlal , ~o< no philosopher
hi, ,nti n: "Jle,,'ion
' he qu,~,i"" uf , ime excl",i,'ci}c to
th e ,,,1<nt ,ha, thi, ac"",Uy happenro , ,hi. w", j"" a I~'" of hi,
gra.p of ",ali ,y '" a "' look. Htncc. ho,," ,i",. wO; n:ganJcd I""''''n<
ao i"bUible in,li""or of eardi"a] ori.nlaU"," of" ee,,,,j,, philo.,o.
ph). fo' ,lh ,'i"" i, "01 j'''' fortuil"'" hr'produc' of ~ 1'10)"
.ic~1 0' mC"'ph)";c~1 "...'.'" '" doctri n". p[(~k""d hl' a phil",ophor
or " school "f ,hough. , It ;. h ll """nIL,1 oonll>on"n', all e.~p""" i\'e
:lUd me;wingful f.~cto, ",~"ifC>ting th< g;', of a I>creep';"" of ",ali,)"
a, a whok. no,l to,m;"g 'he att;t\,de t"""nl, ,h i. reaii!)-',
Thi, ;, <)'" n'a""n why il ;. n:~",,,.I~, ,,, ""Iwc< dla' ~ c."aj"
CO nc'l"i,,"' of time can
,,;~uf..-.n' c<o"du";on. about
",,,r_
all pbik()phic.1 ",,;, ude ""I"""i,-c to ,bis. A_. ,Ioe concCJll of ,un<
i. pi,..,,,,1 iu", a If'uernl exi>1en,ial ""it",i<- . ,uch a ,,,,dy "'al' funher
,nligh,.n other f.~c< .. of a ph;lo,0l' io y. Cnocial con"'pOO<1>. ,,,rh a,
c"",,lOI"!O. anohropology, ""'ha~ . he an ilUd. ", dc.lt., mo,-~I
id.,,,- all .'" ,~"'ctl.,. i,m;,j",.! ami i" I,,"""'"< " ,,' ;, h ho'" .im. i, I"''''
""'"0'.'<1
'0
,I",
n',,;! "nd ",ha, ,t> m"aning ,. fcl! M no' "11",1" <on",io ,,,.!), """'."
to he. For indeed ,ime eon>ti,u'e> '''' e"en,i.1 demem of an entire
phiJo.oph)" a"d oI ooruu8 )~ )" ;,,,lou,,. aU !he ,;,0] l',<,IlOO of aD < ~i .
"",,,,1 .1l;wd,'.
H(O,,' ,h ,"~c" COIl"",,'e (Of lime ,hrn, "' ".,,)) a, ,h" TllHlln"r in
which 'he)" POrt"')' 'hcir percqltion of i,. i> 00",o""", ,,;,h 'heir
"yernU "iew of re,li,y. Tb, "n'ol"K)' nf time "anill ill ham]o",' " 'i,h
'heir fw)(bmcmaJ phiJ<"",)hi"'~ pre",i""" 'hdr ''''<\tl">"""hng of I,,-';ng
as a "took. lIS ".-11 "" ,,';,h ,h,',r n... ,hods a.nd d"'kClic. of ,,,n''';'
!lH'ion of phi1"",,!,hi.;,,1 probkm.,
In ,;cw of ,Ill<, ,],e .,ti,,,<le of ,lunkeT' \(,,,,ml, 'hr no,ion of ,ime
;" h ig l~) irtdica,i"e of 'heir ""nerai phil"",,!,hicnl orieo,,,,'o,,. For i,
;" nO! onl)' 'heir """"ral philo"'pbica! te"Mlle)" that detern,i" ", , he
<O"POOl' of 'u, ... ; Ion' also, ~ ",,"aU' ,;,.,,' of time pi " )' a rritiral
role ill 'h~ fimna' ion of. 8" llcral ph; I">"I~,ic. l and ",;""nlial a";
,,,de . Ho,,' I" Ii,'c, ..-hal , if all)" i. 'h e 1''''1-'''' of i,,<til'~lu,,1 exi.
tener, loo", dea,h ;, faced, ,,h., migh' eom,i' ,,'e ' ht comem of a
poosj],I,' hop.: .11 ~,,,... 'luc>tio>" "'" oo""d b) tim . Fu"bo-nno.....
10",,'. if ,,' "U. God i. cooo.,,",,<I: ,b .. I,..rreplion of ~\. " 'orld, ilS ,h';na,i"n ~"d purl'''''". if a"y~ "heth,, 'h" ""rid "' .., "coled. or "'-'t .
a, ",dl as all lbe trm!,,,ml implica,io". 01"" ' hc ""t;on "f cI'<.,io"
emaib >11 ,10",,, ...-" joo"nd hy 'he ""y cone"ph"'] of ,Ull'. '00.
'11,,, eJo.<- co"'''' ''OOll of 0""', K", ... raJ ,-;.,,,. of ,..-.o]i'y (0 10" coorrl~ioo
of ,;m e ci<.,<:i,;,'d, fom" h;, ,dea' of 'he f"'urc, namdy. eXIl<'C!.,ion, .
an,; r;pation and ,h,' ",'"rall "j,,,,,Ii<a';o" of 'hin!:, ;n Ih< ,;me 1.0
collle. For i, i> n~'i nly ' he m"""no for ,hr f,,,mr ,ha' affi>c" an ".i.
temi"1 a"i,ude. 1\0 Oor. for e"'''llpl f.d. Iioar ., ,hUlking
he
did no< ex;", "'ior- he ,,'as 1'(""1, : OD !lot cO""'al)': ,lob Iho.lgh' ""br.
bn"~, ab",,, " ferting of ;n" 'phc.hk ",fe'Y. Ru, 'he a"'c ~, ' he i<k"
of for." DOn 'H,"e,\C~ .. 'l<~ ,n" "",,!. A, " ma1ter of bC!."cb a
horror ;, <ml)' "ne fa,"-e' of 'he fear of d<a,h , whi.;h oil""." ,I~" dc.th
;, Hr,- lOucb b""n<1 up ,,i,], co",~ler.. ,iol1' "bou, ,iOlc .
Ikyo"d Ihe, ,, ",,"eral <o",id",,,OO,,,. ,her,. are .p.cial '"""""'.
"hieh n:nd .. , 11", ""d~' of On!!,'"'' "nlology of time ".r."al)'. '11,"
Alc"""dri",,-, 'h(Ou~h' ha. b n I><';n' of ;,"<n><. and f",qu<n,l y
teHlI><'''''''''', c<>"tr""c"'J~ ,in 'h e fo urth nIUTY urniJ our <by. h
th'"
, 10
m. ]"'-;"] a round m.
kao..n ..
'O,,,,,,oi\tio: <oo,,,,,~ """. TO .. "" in ".'''''' ""'~". ,,,,,,.," " "" """""" if 0,;-,
L'<'"O"tJC', 10';
,1I"ulrl b., ""1)<C.<:<I ,hen ,I"" a ddlnj, j"n "lid , iuc;ct,' ;oll of h;, .0011 cL;rifi"''''~)n', '" "'cU ,.. dimin.~ti o"
ccpt;"" of ti me ",iglll
of ,"i,eo>nl""be",jon, of O1h"r cn,dal
of )oj, higl~y
\ eNi,,1 'hc~.' ,,,,,,,,;,U) ,, ;(h 'C'l""Cl (Q hi, ,.moI"!r.o.
' I he crilici.m le\dbl ~g"i"" Orig<'ll ,-a"",. A, be .. 11.: ;" rcgafd~d
... 'he ,hiJ,le' ,,-ho brolJght Greek thougbt aud ,be cnlCrl,'ing rdi_
gion of C bri"i~lJi,, lOO cl"", 10 <<>ch other.' A mi,l..-"y >lancc i.
,h e "",,,,oon ,ha, he ,,'... "''' 00,",1 by ,he t hurr), ,radition "",I the
IIjhk-l"" "nl) <0 ,h,' eXI"", Iha\ 'ht) did 1101 cO"lfadiCl hi' ",,'"
;<:k" . ' ,\ m"re trcme ()1~ lli()n ;, ,t~" he " -.,, but a 11a,o";',. win>
did u(~I~ug ruon: ,h,,, CQuo!,,,,,u,!: all am,dgolll . a "" tmm', hybrid
of I'lalobic an,l 1101;"["" though' in hib~caJ 1Cn",,' , \, an)' miC, it
is a WnlUlUOpla<:C 10 charge him "illo Ihe ""I'0ll. ibili, ) for the
"""" .1"
f,,,,,,,,
"",,(ro.
.... M' "'" u'" ~. "'!;' Sue .,,,,, F-is ,""ilI JI'*'Y. n:HS, ~''''''' tLr/ts
IJiiWI. V.2'fI"
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'lkUcnu", j",n" of C h , i.t",,,i')". I" ,hb m 'HCX' he i, c()n,,;dcr<d ., a
li"d of C bri,tiall 'Cllo.,i,,', iD "" lIIuc h Gn<wirurn ;" roga"bl ""
an '~"lt<"". H eUe";,_,,io'" ofCbri";,,n;.,.. To d<,, 1 ,,';,10 ,h i< (I"",,ioo
ill gcncF.J is 1><)",><1 m~ ""op' "' ';"'" m) ";rn he'" i, 10
"POll
Orige1l-' COII':;.".;()" of
and ,ime. Thi. crlticwn. llO"'-",'eT.
in it>
degree> of lII()d,r;uiou or eX1rclUi.y. will Ix- ""u>i<lcrcd
"",,"'-I'
"",at;""
,-"rio,,,
,,,",,1><-,
ti",,'
,I."
.''''''ft'
,h.
,11."
L'<'ROIlUC'IIO';
' I ho "J"'Ch ill .. hid, Origo l1 was bom IB5 ,\_D,) i. " period ill
which mrlical I",rnfonnn,ioo w 1l 00Icr w.r. h was DU' " ' I"oo<,ioll
of employing Ihis or that philo.ophir,,1 "pini,m . h " ',, some,ltlt' g
mon: ' horough. 010 ... "'W'm, and mo ... drAma,ic: " profO"nd , ami
110"",h.1o" I~'i"f"l chmigt of a;"/ntrW
,h. main d,"mcl~'
i>,ie of 'he era. The ",on: people ""'" coming iu ",,,,act with
""rio,,, pbik""phi",,1 ' p'e1ll' , the mo", 'her ,calizcd ,h", phil<>>ph)' ,,"" ,u.able I<} fi!lfu ito 0 ... " "'It~inlpo"--<l L~sk; ,hal io, 10 oHer
1'''''1'10 Ihe de.,,,,r l lJo,,'lcdgo' of ,,,,,h, ,hru"gh " 'hieh 'hq " .... ".ld
,,,ach linue ami bli ... So;ie",ific I:"o"'k<igo lal",,,d)" la.-gd)" un'k ....
mill1 by So;cpti ci>,u uo longer befie>-ed tha, it 1IO>!OO...:J the ,ruth .
I" the S,oic ",,,,mhl;e< ,h .n: "'as~ ,, ;<k~ ,,'Itich wa, commnd) gam.
iug gro", ,,I: the), ",,,lized ..",I admi,,",1 that it ""M ;"'po"ihl. for
""Y hum"" I",iog w m~"'ri"L<e lh eir idc..t of ,he ,,-i.., m"". "'''ich
th e Swic I'h ;lo~'l'hy h.d ck~'I) ""d 1"'''';'lCml)' 1"''1r.)"<d_ I',,~n all
th e 'luarteD, ;" all "ream. "f thollgh., ;1 had '>(1< e,;,le"t I h ~t
R h<"nab 1,.;ng canu'" AMw the reali,y "f thing> thrO\lgl' hi' """n
,n""""m~b1. Sub"-~l"cml~. no m~" 'o,dd . ,,,,io '0 ';'--'u' ~ "d h.p.
pine .. if "" ,-"li<'<.I exclu,;,,"I), uti hi> 0"'" ability , l' e0l'le " 'ere L";ng
under ,10,- Rum~" Empi", ;n "'hid ",,,,;"1 ine'l",J itic. wc", "" war'
,la)' expcrir"cr; Ihey "'-"'" <=ill g ,,11 the g(~.ru of ean h Mo,nod ,hem
""d Y" not belonging to ,h,m. Ha,;ng ,'-' ""I'" ,,;,h 'he exigt:ncie.
of ,laiJy bf~. ,he) "-"1"1: fa<~d ,,-it h ,he ;nekn",,""Y of t>Olb p01;tic,,1
.. ality ""d phil",,,phy. They fclt em ,, " .. d ;n a "...".Id " hol"l: toeither
th < i""itutivnal f'am""",k of the Rom." Empi,, '''''imated b) ",:.I
p<op10 ill ",<.-,-da)" life, " or ..,ionc". "0' phil"",ph)' could p,o"id<
th e ,ol;tce .0 eamcstl)' lortg"l foT. '11101'<" w .. tll e"'fu", nn ;ne"'''''_
;"g eh:" 'gt: of ;nte""" from ~,; , ,,-orlo:l ,,-,ward, a l,..u"," One. Aller
th o <"' I"'" of ,"an) "entu rk,. 1"""1'1, (",,,,d ,h,-m,el\-<, agai " f'lled
,,;,h 1'"'&on,,I<' d"";,,, r,,, 'h~ >I' I,..rna,,,,.1. a lounge' fi" roLgi"".
a p,ofound n<~d fo' ,ok.tWo , .. her ,lo an m"", """,,"'WI:' and ;u
<,)]]tinll 1 'lu'!lId,\ry.'
C;,;li,miob. " 'hieh h ~d al",~dy ginn it> fruits of :\1"1 ami Sei<nce
and J",d exh""stc-<l i,,.,I(, " ',,, I,,''';n!! l<' Kdigio" ~gain _ 'n", qu,." ,
for di><o..-oTing th ~ ",~lit)' of Ihing> ;n a nJI"'n~"u r.'1 '>OI'...,-,'b;bl<
world wa, alread-,- I""';,cd by I'llt" 'lKl Wc A,i>IOIdia" ,uouo,h"i,l11 .
.,Iiiwk ;,
er \\'. W;",I.II""d
p,
It It_m,
I _I do- G.ridM
,b.
"' l1oh~,
'ut_ 1,
2"'11".
,
l!.eru!e . the Stoic ethi", h ad ahadr ."al~ "hed i" """n lTa(ii';oll.
All 'ho.c wcre cloIl1O:"''' of n P"'" "ill echoing, '" " peri.x! wbeD
1""",1, ,,'"'''' ori<n,;"1I Ihcrn""lw. I<)"~'''!s mlmotlUi. 1"')"0",1 the """.
,ihk'
""rid,
o;o;I""'p,;oo>
...,g~m"d
~
!O
'alu,ng ;1 for", long lim~. J~r~. on Ihe "dw, halO<!. ,,-as "",,~j''810
[,;,.., ,h" hunger for religi"'" raith Oil a scic mifoc fomodal;" n DC fQnn.
AI<xau<iri" "-<i, 'he c,,"'cr of tlu . .....dio:al hi"",;c,,1 proccd Ll '" alld
,,.,,,,fon,,.1ion of the emire (i ,';~.a,i"". I" the [.i h.."ry 1.\I",",Ubll of
,h;" """'''0I'0I;lan commercial city all (rtU" or lhe f;rtt k ewdi,iou
,,'C,", , ,,,,",,, re,1. l'J:oph' of ~~,.,)' u'it~ on,l origin" "r<'
,here
ill
tCl fin"
long<r to K;"nt i f~, 'l"e.,ion . h,"
fedillg> alld exi" ent;.1 re<luicc11len,-, wh ich "ut" o\"C"'h<huiogly
I"""il,g th'111. Ther" "~,, of COli"'" ,Iilli:r<n ceo among euhure.
'wn.mlng f"'IlI di,.,.,,",' '1)(ioo. ror IT'''';''
S,ill ~,. ' Iue" tur
",1,"";",, ...... ""'01 10 1',,",''';1 as ,to< COO' '' 'O'' 1)lln\U' of ,he", ,lOfh<'"
p<'<J\'k.
Slid "-d, the "";,,),,,u<n' iD ,.-bicl. earl)' Chrl"iani,y ,.-'" <1",'<1.
op;,'!!:, 10 h," btto "'gg<,,<d ' h'" Chri"iaoi,), hu~' 'hc "y" em of i..
0"' 0 doctri,, ", to)" COtn;" !!: to '""'" ,,- i~, th< old philo,ophy.' Ong~o
f"" ",1 him ",If in a I~'rlod in which ,he hi",,'1 'If phil<J><,phy "'-as
", c,,-~,ill gl; i' ne".-o",n ,,-i, ., 11>< hi_<lo')" of dvgma_ T lw Apologi",
("",n S, Paul him",]f h,,1 "had.,- .st"hli,h"d ""n, "Iali.--.n "'t",-..o
Chrl>1iani,y al,,1 phil""'ph)": ,h;' ph<nomeuon ,.-"" to pro<,,1 for
a "e')" Ion~ ';m~. S,ill ' he 'l,,,,,,ion " ',,, DO' 01'" of '''-0 ,lOf~''''n'
"ttcl...... ,ual "orld. coming t" [cm" ,,;,h <,ch o'hc<_ Ra,l..-r. i, "'....,
a pre"'''8 qll..,;" n of how ""..,-do), lif. ,,-.., '0 he cooc,-;,-cd "f.
The rearrange",,,n' of ,. Iu<o ,,-hioh Wlt, introd\lO"! ,,;,h (:),ri,'ianiw
would bc Iiol' CHll to)" pc"" l" "ho h~d b~r-.ll)' hem iuitiatcd in 'he
""'" dogma. In 'he lI"",i~J "" /...u. for jm'allr~. ,,'C Hnd Origeo
add,,,,,,ing hi. ~ ,~!ic"',,- of c'''''d'''men, ~"d .~"lti"g 'humili,{ a. ~
,;''''''. 'n,o "",,",I ''3.1"", <.4",h. ,i",.: . ho"-"''''. <~d <lQ! "pm h"mil
ity '" a ,;rtI>C; i(loed 'he Gree" nncr coo.iderc<] h"mili<r '0 I",
a ,;<1 ue ~t all , the "-,,rcl &>T i, uoc.] iu L"l e 1.-18 , alwlIY' had a
omcr
g'"),,,,,.,,
a,,,,,,,,., no
,n 'he
".,J".,_
W. Windt""od
"
L'<'RO"tJC', ,0';
lleg~t i,-e
'hase""",' Or "'ilen'''', oociall)" 'he """d iodic ... ,.! ' lowne,," of I""'i,io"', ,\,,<1 ye. Ong<n ,,,',,,'e 10 1"" " "" I",,,,il;,)" as a ,itlu" 10 ""
audi,-ne, of <:<1,.,.10""'0'" "ho ,,,-re no, used (" .hj" ki og "f ;1 ~,
,,,,,h'
Un~'C".
""''lI>
,hi.
""""'1",
,b""""""
It''
11',
J.-ph
l",nhMd,
W'~""gt<oo,
"
[" ""dying thi., I h,,,-e f"n""-,,d <:enain I'rinc il'l", dra ..", from
(he c_'pcrlcncc of bow bi. I'o-ork h"" been .,,,,lied or In:atcd hi,h
"no. As "
of fa<1 . 'he '''''e of 'he '''' in Origt-o-..l"dje, ~
p.""liar. ,ine. ,h"", is 00 "";,,.,,0.1 CO""-"'''' on ,toe gl'o,,,,d, of
cp;"cm.,!.>g", Th<r~ i, no u rutllimi,y in ,,-1"1 ,hQuld b""'1'1<<:1 3$
rdi.hle "'LlITe; <:i,hcr hi. Greel ",ritillll' or 'he b un 1",,,,,L1tioll'
an:: uph eld"" t n""wort hy br >0111e ",,110""", ,,-hilc oilOO G"",k or
L""n """,am' ar< ,L'I"",,,I to all l",,"il>l< ,jeW"" b) ",h."" \fI..~,
" uncommon in ",h"""-Ioip i< 1Q [,"d pani",,[ ," bc"", of Origo'"''
'h ..... log)" conoid<r"d "-> h","ng ,u,'ti;;pttJ ill due COU'""', a, m>b.u.t with
.ge aJld cxpcrieucc. wLich i. in f.Cl 'he "' 0>1 <:OllU11011 lhiug to hap"
1'<" in an)' ;mdl""",,,1 ,"" ;'-;ry, aU tile bl011: '" in tile 'hough' of"
pioneer, a, a ,;wc wb<u Chrul1~n <1<><,ri"" wa. in ,h. ",akiug.
A I.,'1\'" 1" '" of O ,~,n. ,,'riling. j, p",.t","<<I i,. Ihe (; n:, k O1iginil t""l: ''''OIh"c i, ""la'" "nl)";n 1..,,,in ,,,"';on,, 'here an: ~I." ..,c
t;on, prcoc n"d 1~)lh in th c G=k original and ;n [."i" trdll~at jon.
La,;n '-'1"<io,," >hoI(] 1>< ,..,ad ,,ith ta' l1;on, hut cau,ioll "'ithin rea
000 . Ruli)\u, IOm,..!f h .. " 0 h.";,arion '0 ,xplic.,.. tha, b~ ha, t:<~,o
""'le blxrti'" it> ""tKk..u'g O r;g..",, thoug h,. bul ~'e deg"''' of hi,;
u.il"'ti, .. '""rie. frum "",,,k to ...o'k. I "'If~rd hi, pro~'!i"~' ",I;~hlc
"",re< fOT dctcnnining lho doll""" of "'nf~k "cc ,, h;eh ihonld 1><
gi,-al to """it I.",;', ,,,,""ation of ita. C" ..inly." <o"'p"";"'n bttw=u
(; n:" k orW-n'" I"".. ""d tI,,ir ""!',.." ;,,. ,me in L,un , 1,0'" ,],,1 ,he
<liffcn:tlce i, tlOI "I"",)~ j",t lingu i,tic; it i, c"nsidc ... blc. )"t ""1 in
the ",n,, uf foddi,y, h"t he""",, of ~bri(lg.. m"" ... "hio;;h had to ,~k"
pbc~ r,,, "")"lIly l'",ctic.1
Irt 'hc 1980 .. tiruw'g m)'>c lf in lhc mid" of thc corttruH r' nbout
Ihe ""liahil i,)" of "'u""" .Ioou, Orig<n. I had ",,,k~d '0 ....1) Oil h~
en-"k "~"" 11 ",,,ko, r~thcr , it "1\ ,h,' ,k,r."' od I.. ti" Ir~ t\ ,J . .iull'. An
early "~rsi(H' of thi. tOIMC .,.'" prod 'lC"d on IlL" accoun .. J ",.Ii,oo
though that by f"Uo,,"ulg ,hi. principle in methvdology, I ",lin<juish
"aluah!e >C\idoncr, ,,hicb after ,JI i. "'pl>orti,'>O uf ,igui6cant eorol
la,ie,. 1b ..... the .,.hole qu,,"tion . hould I", <0",;<1"",<1 110' ,impl)'
il) lh, <()I'''..'' of I'llilological .nal)"i, \,."hid, ~U).,.... ) is " <bIt;""I,
11111 t" carry oUl; i, prm;,t!e. unrcliaLle <u rlCh'sion., '; n". C "",l a nd
I.~';'I p.tr.. llcJ. arc too fow '0 1><: . 1>10 to '111'1" '" fmu r<"'Olutiol", r.
L\I' 011 more g<""",d cu" ,idcmlio"-, , ,,>Ill< of whie b I , b,,][ onl)'
>1<1<h, a mon: all"",h" ' '''<I)' of Rufi",,,,'. pn:t:,.",. and ptrol.,tio",;
"",,",,,,,,, ,,, of 'he hi''''ncal "'"O'g ofJ ""i,cia,,, Cf'"~ and. "l<.dflC~ JI).
hi, <nor",lit)" '" . " em pcror and hi, ,h"ulogic.1 "'I,i.. ,;.,,,,, rdl.,,'ion
"'.n,'
""""'l<.
L'<'RO"tJC', ,0';
a.
<x,,,,,,
'0
",l>
'0
'0
,h."
"
ho ller, _
or: "_ , . ,he ,itlc of Almigtl1r C~lI nol be olMf
in God ,htw 'hn' of P.,h. for;1 ;, th rough thc Sou that the Fat her
h< ;"
call~d
>;i,,,,,
'0
"hieh Ihe "utld' ",iglu ,K" ex;'" . in orde' ", "'jC"C1 'he id". ,h",
,he ... ,,-"'" "g<> "" I",riod.' "h<11 God ,,-., ''''' a lmigh 'y alld. )im c
when he b<gall t() h~,-<: ",c''' Ll re;'.'' ,\1.0, '",i ,doln is "",iruli.,g."
VI h.",,,, , be ",,,hor w"mkn ",'htlllcr ,h .", ",ill lOver be " ,ime " 'beo
(here will be DO world ''''rw ilere, or if 'h ere "';er ...,l> a .ime "beu
,he .... ",-as no "'od d al aW."
Exp'''''';o"" " f thi, ki",1 ",,~m to impl)" ,h"t time i"df i, .... m~,
'hillg ,aken ~" ~.,...w'oo<L a. a Ill .ner of f.~c' th~' " Jgg<>' ,I"'t ,i me
io no, lIJJ;m ;"/1> ""fflUIj " ' .'ill. Thio ,ir"~Ii>'i<: "' "''''''' iu which ' he
'I uestio" of time -"Xm, 00 I.., 1",~\C'd i" a... I... ti" ",,,,kr;rtg of 1+iN:
U\.!"'.,,., ,b a, lime i, "Wli<'d '0 (";",1 ,hou!"hllcssJy. "'i,ho\l ' ao) ,,'n ,
0'" ev" ,idera'''''' of ,h< "'hok 'l\l(~t ".)t''I"he ""ne hapl"' ''' ",;,h 'lK- no,ioll of el<m i,)". h i, ,'a'e,1 11""
",be te"" a..unliRt or <1mI6I properly del1Ote< ' hi> which had nO
bo'gi",' u'g or exi",'.-.:e ,,,,d ca" ne,'cr
'0 b<: ~ h~ l ;, ;, .. . Hi>
,.;i,,~,,~ ,hc,~f,)n- i, an (utkuti"l: bf i gh' ''~",
ctcrruoU,
" ,"
,\],ho"gh th ,,, i, Il,< addition:.1 dau,," 'ye' ''',' i" tim,". ,h< phr~ ..
'''lW'''' tha, ' he So,, ', "',",,'<nli'l' '0 the Fa,II,', i. '"Id.-"t,~>rl hy
pi.cing the So ,, ', binh b.d to 'he inGnit< 1empor..J I""' .
I'o;uts ,uc h OS , hc""
to i"dk" ,c tha' "'<\ p<><:.1 no,;",", are
"",h '''''''''''C''C,"" of thci' mIC;"1 impl'catio"" '~";I' ",h,'n
,11",,' "'~ "nrib"",,1 10 oh .. di,;"o hoing. 10 ;. "0' difli.:lJlt to find '1" ;0<
n" mboo, of "; mib, I'a ....g',. ill l 'Mr "'her< ,ompor.tI " ""oIl> are
""",I iu "" a" ' ""ml "",,,nCT. ' Il,e fn:tlue ll<"y or ",ch 'cm" i> mikillg.
cc,,'"
,,,.,,,,,(!
""'"ring
"""J
I"",,, 1.2.9
I"",,,. I.Prtf 7; 111 .5. 1.
I "",,,. I.U.
L'<'RO"tJC', ,0';
p" ... iC\lI,rly for ..,mc<.>,, " wh" al'I"".ch<> thi, ,",wk with ,h~ in'o n_
'; 0" '0 ",,<iy ,be ",,,,ccP' of ,ime.
h "'oukl bl" ,,'" u"<xp"c~d ,h"" ifsomoo"" eondo<k.l tha, O rige"
''~"i<lt: .. ,i,ne .. an "nqu""io,,:;blc da,um ~'lrih"'''rl ~J,,, '" Go,h
life. H"""",,,,. I in,. ",1 '0 "'gt,~ tha, ,,'d\ a claim cau b< j u"if",d
and groUll <ic,1. ' 0 a .... in "",e1ll. o,~)' U, ,lte "''''m cl: ' he "",I).
l><:ulg o )11 eo"',,,'e,1 Ul the i..tiu re",lt- ring of It;..:, h pre";"", . " clt
'" )',,' no, ;n ,im, arc ,,<wall)" Origeu,; Y'" !b"y are alm"" loo,
anrl ""gkC't~1 i,,(o
Uood of it"f,,,,,,, arl>itrat) aud "" ,1>00;,:)'"
f"l " .. of ""fi, ICmp<.>r.1 n<.>tio,,, and ,,,nninol<.>g).
nll. uo'""i!b,,,u~ful K itufillu, couhl Hot Itelp no( 'rdu>b,ing ou<
or ,,,'0 P"''''!l<'' "'bere God', ",,,,,,,,,,,Ien<,, ;" re'I"'" of ,ime i.
dea,ly e,"" ncim",!." It ;, trlte , ha' in ,;'''" of !be I,,, .gth and ,he
inlp<.>rtall<l" of a ,,or!< .. ,rh a. I""", Ibe roim ,,h,'re G",r , tran,
""."<1<,,,,,, '" lim" i, " 'plic"""j ""old h~ rather LU\'rt,,,,,"(}rth). ""meth ing like '~l e "'OTO iut<'l)()la.io" It,. Kufinu, . On 'he face " fit. ' L!ch
R ""I';<io1l "'(I,,ld I", uo, "nj llllir.:I o,,<:e . lte " udy" <"nfuted mainly
UHO 1'riII<. For ,he... ,,,,,,,memo ~" , <00 "'~= Ul a ,ul"mi"o", ,,o,k
of fo", tJooh. co" '!,a,,,,1 to th< "xt<t.. i,~ u,alle"(i,,,, ",... of lempo,
r~1 no,i,m" ,,'here ' ime 'ppea" to l>c "nqL!c"~"'.ltl r """rih.."<i c'e"
to (Itr di'; Ile tife . If th e", is " mi".l< . ,h i. is not ,h< ill credihili'J"
which c""ld b" "ttri b" ,ed ,,, (h" onc or ' v", P"'~ of l'rint, which
I'ro'~ ,loa' it i. nO, qui,, tb" ca"". 11", m;"ake he< si"'l~) in ,he
faCl tha, ,It~ '\lodr of thi, qu."i"" fvc",",' in ,hi, ..wk, as In )' <lis'
,u,,;on ill (hi. book ,haU ,huw. F"r (hi, "",t co",~in. c","<adiCl io"',
wh ich ha,'r I<d (0 ",','ml<"" ,,,d, a. ,I"" -",",>,thinp; cO 'H"iu~d iu
Iti, 1<,;",: It . . .1", it> ~nt i !b.,.i, i" (h" ,a"l< ,,ork'. " Soruc of ,hCj("
co",,,,,dirliobS ,,;11 I~ l)()i",,,d "u, ;" '" ,"uch ,,' (h"l' ",.... ,....1.>11 to
my ,,,pie. ,\, " m"tte< of f~,t . i, ,,'ill l>i. "Mini)" l)()u,,,, ."d. a, (he>c,
,o 'Hr..."",1 ,,;,It O rigeu'. eon';,,,,,"1 (hrough""( hi. "';'i,,I>' ill G""k,
which ,,'ill "weal ,he du"aging ""tri<, of Kufin". and th e " ntro,'wort hine .. of hi. I" ti " tm".b,io" of Itw,
The
groo.,,,d !D)" ",,...,,io,,, ,h" ... fore i, <0 corrobomte
them ,hr""gh " 'ritinl!"
i in d.., G ..... k ori~~'",l'''''' cottli""iu)(
th em by appe.1 '0 t.ali ll ,~X". T h,,, I do n()1 <01"1>"'" .imply hI>,
,h.,
1''''..,,,....
,,-hich ;" not all too ea.)", ojn"" ther. ae< not.., many paraUd. in
bOIh G "ek and l.atin: "" her. I <0111 1""00 idm, found h." "nd tb ere.
Although ;u,tbeotir """'s of Ong<'" (~" h" fO\,,,,1 '" th~ origu,,,1
C"'('k ""~t , ,I", sam,' may ,,-dl h.ppen in du' [.:,t'" "".""', , H"nee
'he [.aI,,, ''''';0'' .honk! be ,ak"" in'o """o" nt, ",ith ,ca", ,, abl< h,,'
u'" c""I;ger.'l'e,1 c"u,ion . ,\n opiu;o" iu I... ,;n "hould be "'W<rded
., ,I ...~u!<k au,hem", not only once ,hi, CMl he C{)rrul~)r.'I'c,1 by "
r;",d '''''t , bu, "I.., ,,'hen , h;' r,,, nea,I)' "i,h Origen'. ",'<mU ;d.",.
Thi, p,ueed u", ha.< p",,,,d I"'rtic"l.r1) u""t;,1 ;n inle'l'n1ing l'Oin"
of [.a I'" ,c,...;o n., . inee in wm" of ,h<m \1"" ,,-~coUcnco in 1'M<1 'he
pe"picui,y of 'he G,eek lex' h'" 1""' 01 dd<Ti"""ly oh>curro.
Su l"',quentl)', i, i, ",';,Ieht ,ba, thi' kin,1 of ",:arrh pre."pl""'"
'he ' ''''1)" of ,h. em;",,)" of Origen'. 'l'ri,i ng', The rta.on ;. lIw
'inee I,, did nOl (0001'0'" ~n od /w( uc.u.e ott time. hut.Jimt>d a
coo",..,11io " of it ",hid, wlde,li,"", ami imb"". hi. ~"'in; Ih,"JIogo,', i,
",,,uld be u".cccp'a!>le '0 """look an)" pan of hI, ,.-o,k , Ile.i<b.
,h;' i, a wa)' of '-""l'''''''ng ;n pmct",e Ill)' ohj"";ou ' 0 Ihe pmc,;".
of rnak;t\g ci;Om'l on ~te
of 1"'0 0'
lr",,\o.e,- nOI to me"
hO" ;chol"" of old ,itOd ,,'ho "'tj(hc~1 PriN ai, no>, ,xcl,,';'..!y.
It ;, m)" ,;~". (",hk')' ,,'ill be <li",,,,",,,'[ .ud P'''''"'' ~g.i" ~ nd alf~in
p",,,,,tl.,.1 ,ha( ",I~" we
a o.)mp;[.";'''' which !lll",l~ be 'ale"
.. an """ illary ' our" u,Ihf'"W ;n ' he ligh' of all Origeni,tic CO!]""
IG,,-.ek .",1 L"ti,,)
110"" beutg I'"' ;"'0 " ,," in onl<-r
IJI~
pm O, il'n , or p''''' i,k ""u"d co ttcl,,'ion' .bo"t hi, ,h,..log)". fro..:
,ho,~d not I~' "'g""kd as c'{)n,c,",on,' fo' dc l,'n"i " i n~ O ri!{\'n',
idea., Siuce the C\,~<"er W I.. eoU",,d fmm f~i"" ;,. meagre a lld
tanta[izingly inrondu"ill: . wc ,ho"ld nO' COncerT' oo.-.ell-". m,<mlUcb
,,-;,1, critiri,,)\ has",,! 00 (h" ,,' ",.,"',,"0'1)' )" rc,,,kring. ",,), i" g:'p'
ti ll<'d " 'i'h hi""",1 ,'a<Cmnll' h,,"'k ,,, 'he "I e~a"dri.n , S"ch .n
in!]lT"<,a'i"u ;,. a 'ask ",hid, "ill ",a i" <0 b. fulflll.d.
[ ha ... 'aXe " in'o aecou ,, ' number of odi,io", of Ihi. , ,,,,,,,
I'. Koc"",h.u', cdj';ou. the Engfuh 1ramla'k)1l ofn. a. wcU 'he 1'Il"ncb
..Ii,ia" h)" H. eroUte! and ~ I . Simo"eui. K""""hau 'I"ite arhi ,rar
;1)" i",c'l'ojatc,1 no<" of a",l>o" ,,,lose'IU"'" 10 Origcn mo.' of ,hem
h",til.: ,0 him, Thi, .:di,o' ["", ;]\0"" an e"" .,i,,, facili'y in emplo").
ing all)'lo"d ofine>pO,,,ihl< (aud I'rob.'Illl)" TIIa~cio", Cri';rulD '!f<\ll'"
Origcll_ ilKO'1~)rdt; ll g i, imo tb, ,<x, "I' I'M<, p,<><rltiug ;1 "-' \ ,iew,
of Origo:n', "Iuch are nUcgo:di)' 'm~ "g gap. of 'he Lati" to"'",la,iob
of 1t"li"u,. 'Il,;, ediuon '" ""U '" cI;,hns of ,he b'gji,h l r~"slalor
G_W_ 1I""<"'"nh, "ho nQt onl)" promptly con,,,,,,< t" K""t>ch. n'.
t"""
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tactic., bIt' al,., m.kc, Iti, ",,'n con'rib'OIion '0 ,imi],,, .lkga'iOJl'
i; opc n
IC>l:I'C criliei ... " , ,..loc h I did uot biJ to ' '' ttrtOilL Thi .
b~. h""" don~, to a o:,.,~;" """n" "'i,h po;,," of tbe r ""'cb ~<b
tiou. "hieh con,~in' ""'"e l><:>in1-' "hich .h""ld 001 be H, ""ho,"
comment. nut I ,,,,,cited " po" ,hi, problem only in a, m'k,h "" ,hi,
i; rda'ed to my ,opie. I lea,,, for the f,uure " "'ore dc,ailed .. tco" " t
of my com",cnts 0" ,hi, edi'~)Il , ,\t '")' Me, 'ill cdi'io" of}'rim: clu_
c;,\.>oed "nd commeo,ed in 'he ligh, of,~ m~"!'I of Orig<-n', ~ u thc",
tic ,'k.",,-, "o"ld I... ""loom. in """ EngIi5l)'>j..."kiog "orld, IU ",!:"m.
I'rim: ill getk,,,,I , I hal'< ".. d i, ,-,nl)" 'IS a" ""will.r)" ,o,,,cc ,
""t
hi!,~tl)" prc<AlriO L
" . f"lI of OOll lr.'ldiction. Iduc
lI.ufinu" ill 'c'pob_
,iom ,,,,d. a, :on)' "''', .. a 'ou"" of contusion ,.,her than d"c;,
,btion of ab)' "-'pctt of Orig~n', tbougttt. unb. thi ' ;s ton'pMed
"ill' ",h,'.n, C ......,k. and "0""<1,"",,," Lati)). portio"" h "ill in ~n)"
C"'" h" u",,'i.. ,'-' put loo S"'.' a ""'" Oil ,Ik' " -",,,I, "hid, Ruf"""
""" on tun<
tc"'l~,r,d " otion,.
A. ftp"l, o,bcr ,,'riting> or Ong.,n, 1 ru" a1" to
the "",he",
tieit}' of th. S.""'in ,. Arxxa!.rpsi> , 1\I,b(Ougb i, h", to.,.,o ;u};\,,'d 'h~ t
ll"'<e i. 0\0 ,e<liooou)" 010", b<' ewr ,,'ro,e "n) C01"","n, ;n , h e
AJ>OC"ln>;i,, " cer",i" phil o~>gic~ 1 .",1 linguistic con,;derAti"n, ....., m
to> mc 10 '"lW''' the (1'1'",i,< , I I'O>;'J~"'< <bl~>r"tjOll 011 ch;, IlOint
llutil nex' work of noi"e . illCC ill thi' tIT"';'" tbi, ]lO;u, pia).. no
(I""jsi,'" ...,1<,. I\> br as ,,')' 'opic ;s ro,,,,.. ,,,,-d, of "' I"" ;, ""le,1 in
th ., wor' , he", i, nothing to ~PI",al to, or
d;"pUlC_ 11,,,,"w,,r, ,I><
fact ,Iw in ~II hi, "ri,;,,!(\<, from ,b,' ,'arly ,...,"'JoIm "ri,,,,,, i"
Ak.a"dria in 218 to Gb "'ri""" in c..san-a ill 243)'''' th,,~ is ,to
rcttrtn: 10 ,h.t work i; no real ",;dent< of nou ,.u,itcu,iei,)". in
\ic,,' of th. "ast J,,,)k of I"" (';,..,...k "'ri,u,!\,.
'n,c,,' ~'" I'aniwlar ",...,t". which ",,,dc. th e ""d)' of Ori~,-''-.
OWII ,,',mt. u"ful 11,' 1",,1 "<ry gt"xl con-un .IKI of G rk alld "'
,-er,' ",n'pu]OI1> ill ' he "." of ""Cl)' "'om_ A, r<g>rd. bngomg<, I><
,uldcctc,1 ",riJ~urnJ 1'''''''''''''
'"ClieU]''''' -;enotiu)" I'CT}' oficu .Pfl<ali o~ to
et)"olol<>g)' of a wom and o/Ii:ring lut;,1 "n:ol)'ticaJ excge,
,,'s. to, u,ing ~ "-o,d, he "., al".)~ .".". "f ;1, g,~mm"'k.1.
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philO>Of>hical aJl(1 thwlogical implic", ;",... In hi. Commo n"' ..... ()n
'he Epi,clco of I'aul. he oftell gtJC" . , far"" to ,10 wh.~t he talb
,;~o."<"'"'';;o''' f~v
f",
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,.kc.
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Uc ;, al,,-ay. ali"e '0 'he ~'CI ,h"t tbe manll er in "'hidl he tTC"t>
lang>Jag<: .bo" I,1 !<:,,-~ 10 On aCC" ",'e e~I"";tioTl "",I he i, higftly
1><"'IJie""iou, in I';, remarh Gi,,,,, h" ,,;,u'~~n .. abo\" tb< ' po:at>Ce
uf I;Ilgui"jc ... ru'in~ .nd ""wra~. i, ;, rea,onable ,,, C~I""'I ,I""
th e >1 "d)" of hi; wri'i nl'-' I,,~,."wd in Gred; """ pro" id< hi. real
th col ogic~1 ,~-. "ulhori,a,j,dy. Wc 0.1", ma y focu, ou, aual )"';" 0"
c~T1~ill cm:-illl t~n'" loo use>; for "loo" he u'"'" te,m' . ~JCCiaIJr tft"...
1o",I~d ,,;th .pedal .ign iflClnee, he i; alen !O ,lteir p hil""'1>bical or
thwlogicl inlpliC"~tioo> ...\5 nl) d"""",iun ilwl s.I~""'. foU"" i,..: Ong." '.
""." I'rac_loc. "n a tbvrough .. udr n,,1 "nlr <.>f n"tion, bu' abo <.>f
thcir I'br~ogr i.... tr. j" a I',;"cil'ie of ,<"Caf'Ch whicb p",,;,le. f, uit_
f,,) """eI",;"",.
A ",I"'que'" poim of majo, import;,,,",e i. the oigbific~n (c an""bcd
w 11", 'homoll)'tn" . I" Ihe r""'goU' g pas"'l>". be poin o; 0", 'h'" i,
i, " la,],: 't" d~ar up I)", homon)'ni IOffiOo:.,f>OV",
;)~","""ia;).
Il,i. notion i. frC<l',o ll ~y "'I<d in o"l~r '0 i",licat< " t~nll ""doe
wbioh tbe", are lOO"" tha" Obe cOTl<'-1~j"", '0 be ""d",,1O"d. I"
<I,. l'roloK"" of ' he ~k11y 0" w .\Mw <if s...g, ' hen' is ,,,, :":CO\In]
of ",. mea","!I of 10010011)"'"
,it.
n ,< iJi.i"" Scrip'w-<' mM< ",.. uf hOD .... n)'''.; tb. , ~ IQ , " )', lI1<y """
;.\emi," 'm, fo.- dcribiog ,Wl"",,,, ,Wug> . . " ",,,I ,KO! 01") .". ,bo
",mo le",,, < n'p~~,
,be ' hlng> lI1<m","..,. ,,.., ",m,p",--e<J
t..., ....,
Thi, defmioon i. ,.bo fo""d iJ, (; "..,1: '~~I<: '"ho""o";," ,, are ~,"""
"hich h a>"" ( 111) Ih"i~ ,,,,rn,' ill <o,,,mo",, hUI Ihei, c""-Il,j.1 <0111,-",
i. din"""o" IO" ... ~~'" M ...,,,._ ... o.up", ~i.."" ""'."", ;, 5<' ~a fa
toWOII" . i'r; ...x. im; '-00;; .""",t"
I" e>l",,, ,,,li" g hi. """ e~.'IP<:S of the Seri)!,,, ,e. hi< oon.""" "'m_
c,'n> i. to c~l'(y "Ul "),,,t h, ..,'" fonh a, ill'\: of th e hi)~ical intc""
prelCr. 11,.1 is, 10 'd.,,, up ,h,' homo!)'m,. h ,,'as" ."b;(;",c,,1 mC"~",
t""'an!, hi; aim to probe ill lo 'ho ,Ic"lx~ tn")" all(1 " ""<il ,he 'rea,ure' o1'wi.doll1 "hith.", he wa, co"" "ICed. lic bid ill ""C'y wonl
"""Ice!) by the Spirit. It
I"" of hi< objttti." to did. the moral.
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theological ,>r mplic,,1 m~a " ;ng (hat 'he bibli""l " 'xl .. I'",.\lmed to
tOlltai". M,,,c ,;gnif"'~Hl t hough i> Ihm he ~"". 1"""0 ,, ),111' hilll.df
U, ""ler (0 conch loj, 0'-" """"'1,rio"" Tbj, f,.et, al,hough tugbl)'
,1.., 'Ill
,,,'ff
.. h u u-~>IIj ~",0c0I <10 .. 'le< ~, ,,,, I ...... "'... ,w.., ~, .. .,.d ;ft """,, ,,r
1ill, _ . .. ;r ~ ~i '" It. ~ .,. ,"", I'. l ~ ( G. r""...,..'ItI.i. 00 ,he Olhtr
knMl. , t,/,,,b ,,-a..u 110...;., C",.,k tr, ~ r ~..... n.. .......w, 1~3, PI" W 10
'I"'.k, or Alhom,o,; .... ''''P ~ I o.yn' " I""'" ~b.n- Afharu,;", ,;m"'"
L'<'ROlJtJC', ,0';
I I~we. ,Io~...m",. f"U",wd il a, a principle ,hat th~ ";""~ <.>fOrigCIJ
,hould "'" I", cited", ,d'CTC''''c. bll '. ,,h'lJevn ,..x"""ry. I", q..ttJ",'e" if ,he 'I""""ioo, could JR' un","' ha' length)', lu .';c"' of 1be
..:lk,) .."h il' ,,r,,'riJ>g 10 hi, 'hought. it ha, bee" In) pr.ct;c. '0 1.,,1
mr "i",,~ n,,1 only by mca"" <.>f ",feren"" tv 'i,Leo and ohap,or>,
bUI to le' Orig<n
IU, Iou,udr. 'Tl,i; me1l,,,,1 <.>f de~~ r\g ,,ilh
th i. ' h"ugb' m"l' 1c.,,1 10 a Ire;";", Ic,,~~hie, ,t"", ",1"'1 ... "" d"";,_
able. Yto 'he >Ciel11 itic I"'ndh <.>f ,hi, proccd " ", ""''''' eomidcrahk
10 mc. to i, o~ ~ b)1""d"", ,h~ L I ha," tako ,o 'he 01'1 .... '''''';') <.>f
,,,n,kring im" F~lgli,h. for ' he
'ime. " I"""h", <.>f C"",k 1"'>_
"'gN. ,,hich eluci,i;le ,1C1C1'TniJl;IO K I~IOct' <.>f 'he ,\kxandrian , What
i; imp"""'" ;" ,ha, ,tu. ,,'ay of "~I"'U " ,Ung thi' 'houg b, I.. """, no
for oontnwe",y, ~'or i, i, Orig<u hirn"lf ,,ho '1"'''1.3 and i, i,
b;' 0"'0 ,,'Om. ,,'hieh ")oxi<b," en,r;"1 "1''-'"'' or hi' a",hc"tic .;"ws.
[ am ~,,;of'c<1 ,I,at only ,hrough ,uch " mcth",~)lvgy ,,'Ila, Origc"
!CaU)' h<lin',,1 can aficr all he TT,ok,,1 co" c.h"i,'dy,
The up,ho" ,,ilh ~"'" '0 on)' ,,~)ic p"we ,ha, ,hi, 1""".. lure
''' " ,,,,,10 ,10" elf"". For lh" C<J"d""ion, l""taU) 10 crueial
<.>f
Ori!:,,"-' ,h"ug/ot. "' hie h
u1O ,I." a" ""1",,,1) " ,." bg/. ,
ag~in" Cur"'''1 mi~~pprchen~"'L ,\, ",,)' ra,", m)' "o,,,,",,;<)n
,he
conc<p' ;o" of ,ime co,""it",e. an coocn,ial demeD' of. ,hiukcr' .
th ough' ba; btt""," ""'''ger , ha" i, ",:t, ill Ihe t..g;"ning <.>f ,hi
...."'""'], , For wr o",rh,,;o", dimuta'c foo.d,.o)c"'al ,,,,;.,,,,,-"=,.,(:.,,<1.
ing> and pro'-. ,hal O ri !:"n', influe nce i, hr mo'e <xtc,,,iw .",1
dcci,;,,- Ih"" i, ha. bcen "'Ckoncd "" far.
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Copyrighted material
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O n (hc ' IU,",,';O" of ,h. ix;''l( of God " i,h ,""",>CC, to ' ime. Origt,,,
,",,'eem t" b" ",,,,urat. ill """d""g h., ,.;,,,.. i, c\;'~"H , 0" th i.
'1>ccitic tOpH: thollgh ,he,e i. a particular ,lillicult), facillg bill" he
lIlO\\"' tha'. ill onier 10 'rc~' ,hi. '1","",io". b"guage i, inade'1"ate
to e~I"~" 'he reali,)" of , h. b.i "S of God, henc~ hi' cu,mnru
C",,'''''''' fu' aeeu""'l can"o, be fulmlc-d , 11", ,,, ,.;,, ,."awn i, ,I""
the ten"", of "c,l", "'" .h."y. I'lae<-d 'n "enain ',uno:' ~ ,'",b ,,;11
be ill ~pJvo;-_ <i,he, J'n:""" 0' J'reseot I'nf-x' 'e""" or I''''t "",e
.tc. h ;" i"'I"",';bl, to ,'" a ,"rh aI''''' from [u,), in'l'liemio" ()f ,in,~.
In comrd" to a ,lOun or "'i~'i"c. a ,-erb '"" or>l)" ,xp,."",,, all
action or a I",,,,io<' 0" " """. of lb, S" i~C<l. lou , a)", u"lica'., d,.
time ",'hid, ,hi, "clio" or po";o " or ,M~ i, rofcrn-cl tQ, 0" th i,
f~ ) i,,' h ~ foUow. ,\ri"otk. statMll C)ll' ,-erlmtim: r", i ,~kc,1 i, w,,-,
the Smgiritc "ho h.:i ..-lid ,ho, '" ,-crb ;" "wund "' hich " '" oul)'
<o<""Y' a I""tic\li~r ",~a"u'g bu' has .. lime-'-'--)"renc, " I"," i" co,, ,,-;d, .. '"ou''' "'loch -;, a ",-,,,,,d .... W.ed ,,"h [U' i<nport ~"" h_
h,lwd by coo","ti,", ~lo'w, hut "" ,,f<-rc'><e "'h~,,,,,,-",'cr to ,i mc','
Origm ""g'ml. ,he ~i\ 'i n" real i'y ." a t'm<b, .'a,e mdically Ira,,_
"'c"dcnt to ,im". lu the l)Omayal of God', bcillg thell a"y ,,,ri, ;"
,,/"W,; ;''''I~)(UPri.,u:. there ;, a litrgui,tic p",dicamc"l . i"e~ nO ,"r~
c~n h. u""d "pan ("'''' ~ <en"in <oncu",ita'" tC"'fl<.lr.J ;mpiicat'o".
H ~d h,' <:1npio)'cd ~"oth .. r pc,-.--"p'iu" of God', being for ..-""mi~ .
",rI'Sling d.",.,.,,<> or 1.''l><"~,lpre.",,,). 'hen: co"ld hc nO dilli.c_. dty:
he <o ul,l u,e I'I-=ut 'e",," , 11", i, ;" he hinadf ",Ito cmpllli.w:. d~"
(;0<1". ixinR cannot be ""1'""",,1 by ao)' of 'he fonn, of ,'erl ...
b<:<.""" thi' ixi .'l( i, ah'mpor~1 as Good r~d;c.lI)' ''''' lC<"n,is ~1I ti",~.
In ]i)"''", <Iuo" ng Joh n 1.1 'J" t he hegin ning "'''" t he I~",,',
O rigo' " i, 'l"ick .dclrc", him .df t <r ,hi, ,'lHnbli"lI hlod_ by mean<
of, co"un,," ,,-hich ,ead, '" follow"
t"",
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110/,. 11,10020.
C/'At'fEx O;;K
Sr-:.ili"g alx>oJ, ,he loO!!'''' or C.."I i, would be ,,"'''' ,"",ur'I< '0 "'r
V ..... ( ., but he
./ohnl "..-.:I
~.) in, <cad or i. '0';. en
'0 ....1.." lloe bei'~ or , I", I.ogo; '0 hi, i,,,,,,,,,"; .., .. , ",hid, 1Ot>l
rJocr UI a ccn,,", woo; u"" . 1"","<1 boo .. io mj"d ,ha'. in ,<f.r<oc. ,,,
d,~ '''."l nl'''F.J Lioin!l'. ,t.. """,",,,,,. "'~"'';''I< of " .rb<
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,nd ~ .. 10'(' .,od "iU be '0'0' "'ouId "'" I", ",ken iil<".dIy. ro'
I.. 'S'" tI", G",I. b<"u'!!' , I", &'" of ,he 1".11.. , . ;, loin"clf lu n<l.-" (;",1.
Tb.",f"r<. , Ile , ,,I,, .prJie<1 \0 mm """'kl 00< he <."OO"'~m:ll,,!!< lI "'r
"ith th< tun. ~lokb ,I><) 'mrJ,., ,;n"" ,he Soo;, 1><>' oodOT ',m .......
X"o. ... .
i. "h., illdico'''' l im~ '0 'p',,,,woi,,,,,, XpO.ov ...
fo,,, ....
In frJiiM ,1..- "'''''' ","""jon j, h..,d. ill 'he ,x'g'''''' "f ,h. ""n,
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I" ' he I"'-'''tg''' here Oril;"ll i. <xpl;";. ' h,,' ,;-15,0.:; IDea", 1Int<i.t.,. So,
h,,,, a' Io:a .. . ,h",.- can I~ no ",om fo' lh. ,,,,,al d;,1''''' a, '0
wh"ber Mo, .... I"" " m.anj"g of ',iH,d""" .. ,,. or .",,,.-I.";"g dum_
,io,,, R. So",ltii a<><n, tita' I~ ",o o,a<k no """,..I<",io\l' "n"~r)l
'0 diuingll i,h lw,,,,,'n 'hc ,c<m, ti16"" ."",d ";"""0.:;' ,\s I " ill I)o' e
la.~" i, i. '''.>1 cJ.~r ",I,h.-, 11>.,,, hold. ,I", ~'~nti'y of ' ho [~ea.
'CfJ .... n 1. l.
cx: i~,,,"nt
Tb;,...".,.,. " _ footnd
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;nfiJol>t< cx/.
Nl.. p. 110.
h> h. ill ~,'c,b'lillg ,Iura' ion 0' ,imelc .. ,,,,, . A, ITga,d, I'hi lo.
H. WolHon PO~II' 0,,,
he. '00. ,I;d rlO' make. cloar d;"i",,
,"on I"""',,e" ,;0111,,,, ""d ni ..... ~. ,\, ah)' rale. I do ~OI ,,,,,;,,,;,io
,h., Ori!i"" "I"-.)~ " "xl
ill 'h" ..."", of ti ",,,1ess; he " ",d i,
"I", ill order 10 '''gge,' 1"'!pOIl",1 d""";oll . h, 'he,"" <:a><'>. 11O"-""eT.
'his ;, u.oo "' a ,"aIlUOT of ' I,,:;\kiug '3,hcr ,h ." .... " li'or.1 .ug
gc"i"" of <nJlc" ';IIIC. >0
The'" .. goor:l r,,,',,," ,hen fOr I,,,,ning 'he u'" of '",,,', or '"ill
he'. or "Wll "i". "hen ",,,,,ring 10 'he di,;"" bc';"g. W he'''-~''r Ong<'n
"n,'," '0 ad"m b""" 'h~ ab,m,,,,, "onrop,iOll of Ihe di,;n~ 'uh ...
,-< "cr, he co","a"ll-,- h,,,,, ;', 11\;,,<1 the f""d-unn". 1 1''''''';''': be n:fen
to a ",ali,), tra".andioS o.ll 'ione. He abo i, ",,'at<: of 'h e ineapa.
hili,)' of "'''g,,''S" '0 exp"''' ,hi ..., ..ti,), adequ a,ely or a, le"<I wi,h
","",," ..:c urael'.
I" txP/~"" h.....1.,,, 10 ,he p,-,"ion. '10 "'.. , mo " 'ho was hi> ddight"
11>.,.., ~~~. ; ''''''''lmp"I'' :\Dd CXpla;lIS: "n c ' ",,,,,' I~~~V ,ofc,rillg
'0 Goo dO<"< n01 iu,tiea<e all)' ex;",,,,,,,,, of " ", e '" ;, d<><~ ",hen i,
nf,IS 10 ll''''''' 1ha\ ~'" 0>,,1<-, time. ,,,ch a.;" , .... case of o"e "') ' I " ',,, in " ,,,.,kd pl ace'. Ami ,;"ee ,I", [se. Sopl ,;al '"'",,
I><f'''ing \~V "WOW"""I' God "'ho .. ",;,ho,,, hegultlitlg i' .:p "''';'PX<t>'.
,hclI .,h e ;. ti me!=; 1,i(1),,,,\. too'"
Go<r . b<il1g i; all ",0"'1'0",1 ...,alit.,. which ,,,,,,,,ceutl ..u , i",e.
,\I'hou!',lo , h. uS< of "' '' gu:'ge For Ihe ponr:,)al of 'his ""b,)' is
'k~m,xl i n~" ita~l r ila<k'l""'C, h< i, '-er)"
"fho'" h. cO l.';h,",
hi, ,ta,em,'n" . 1'h,' inad"l"a<) of exp",,,;ion. i, .,>ken fo' gr~ ", cd.
,,;U ,heT< ;. fO'h'"," ,';g;lan and elldea""" ,,, re<l"c< ,hi. ;n:\C.
eur,Cj' '0 th< bare "';1I; ,"U01 :
,ha,
"fa,,,,
,"g,
""",ie,,,.
I ,,~ . :.JI d,N' knt .. , 001 1>>"", 11...-)" "",,,.u)' "I,ply '0 God W",,,, lf
but be",,~.. 1 fi",l "'r",lfi" ." i",f">'O" I ,t:lnd beoo~, to <~U ,I.. ",
00. i"dfabk ~."" .. ,~W'1 '''''' inl"""""i" "'hieh 0(11), Goo lurn,df ",od.
.oou,
or '0 ,biok
P"'l~
1';",,,,If'
"jJ),,,,, "'''''''
/0<\"",,,,
cm"", ..
C/'At'fEx O;;K
Ih~.~
le"",
,h;"
,i,,,,,."
i,.
">c,
"",h ..
':01",,,)", Of
'b .. """" Of
on)" .i<nih, Oil<:, ""', 1>.,,.,. a "'I",~.t .ignilican<"., rn ,,,, bf' ~""1"" ' 1 ,, 1
""h tt 't.",,,,,,, ,Bd , 00( jn ~ ... d ":1'1<0 ,he) ",la!. '0 ';Il,e. lIu, ,hi:
"",,,et, "r " 'bich ,,'e ,re "",,' ~""killg, . hhough do><ri1>e<1 'n ternj"'"
r.t I."!:,,,,,,, f", 'h< f'''''''''''' of di,..",';"n. in ,'''';, t:>lICnlw l ".!u",
Iro<lo<:cod.U idc~ of ti",e."
th,o,
on".-n
t.'" "'f-...,."i'l
" """"'";"fnom
d".
I.,,.;,,;,;
s,..;.
p, U. A oUnil>,
pp . ;srr, l69tf 1"" r,,., of <hi: dum tha, onjl<D had an).rung w do ~;, h
(";,.,..;.;"", i, o;li"",,...u f"<><ntly.
!h" , .... ". ..
r.cC Ori.... '
Iw IY.'" """'010<1)' 'ri<i<'-I !Ot _~ <hi: _
of.....,~ To ",holar>
0,
Und of ' ..... n """ 1.' <hi: .d.o<,~ JO ..,k
u. ..
;.p. " i, 'h<n '1'""' 'orant ,h..\ , j ", ,.,.. .. ,.r ' """,.-d lime' i, attrib_
" 'ed to Ori",o, s""b "" """nion ",",101 dolisftt 0 .. ~'" b"" oJ,>"f"', """""
of
)~, it ~ - t'OO,t.
oiI.. p. 121.
" E,en "'. ~",.". ~'hen on .... n
J ,he ,~"""Io- , o' ,.r (hi. I>< ....
~'l",b ""I""'. ",,,,le>< 1I"'" _
'. 001 p"" "','" ~fuctt
".,.".~ " I ,u.... thr 'I""""" offon-kn<o.Ydg<]"kT "" .
''I''''. '" ~...., ..Jp.. 101, Ill"): "P'-. n.
1".,..,
, R. """"lP,.,.
Pt,,,,", """"
'1><'' "'
u","'" w
11)' the ~nd of 'he I'""rth lIoo\; a >.imibr r~mark ;" made:
Th;. ph,.,... ,10" ,..< lOO<, how""" 110., ,h .... ""'-<r ~'" ,in," "hen
I>e <li<1 r>OI "'"", onu", be "","optl " i th " rc><:r,.-.ti..." . Fo.- 111< ,~'
~ur<h, .. hm or '''''-.., "",,,. km po,," coo""",tiu", ~' h<f<'" the ,'ak'
01,"" al)oo l the ~'. dl<r "wl the Sun ",>0:1 ,h. Itul)' ~p~;l
muST boo lO"<~-'-'l 00d '" lr""><et~ti '>g:ill rino. ", ,,I aU og.., ",~I.u "",
n;,). The ... ~ 01 ,h;ng>. I\(n,~",r . "hich .'" ,,,,, ,,,,,I '0 the 'I nn;,,',
"ou" I.. ',,<a,ur! b)- age> and 1".-;00. 0( ,u,,,,,"
""'''l> "'''
"'(>ffl '"
<"'",;\'"
no<......,. ""
~-
bo, "',
C/'At'fEx O;;K
'it i, 11<.>1 al",,,,:! th .. ",'< abo , h"uld ,"CO,,!,, th< ,;"'" th a, ,he ch .....
"CU:';'h'" of God "' il kh wc !mow ,~) 110' "~ply '0 ('",.; 1I".,dJ. For
,be alltih",,,, of God a'<: '''penor '0 alll' of tho,,' ",. hich :'..., k"o"'"
1101 o,~~ to h,,,,,." ".t",,, bu, ~''''" by (be II~'""" of th,' b'eillg,
which h.,,'< a><ell,kd to ,he higher r~lIl. <.>f lif., ,'"
God H i" .. clf '" 'heyo"d wh.,
be l",rcci,'Cd ,hrol:gil 'he ",iud'
li~i '<lva , .... V"'l,o'"I." So 'c,-el)-,"i,,!!, wc kilo" ~f~,u' God;" infc_
rior '0 God H;",,,,lf' .6:vt,,;; lo~,,,
ia,; Eh.>~\'''
."\crordillg (0 .>(IJ~ God is 'l"o,,'1I .. Crca,or. \\";"'. l'nni<ir,,, alld
J"dg. , In poi n' of ' he fi,..t Qf ,h c<'>II""p1ioll, of G",1. 'b, i,
Crr",or l>ec.u>c he hro"gh, eTC.'urd imo l>eiug (All of uOII.hciug
(<n\ ~~'(I1I"l"I<; ~h 51 '" )'tr>\',s, ti~6 tm.. ~~ ~"'''''I<; to ".01\."
Th .. kno.... ledge (~- God "-' Cft~'()r i! ba~ "" ' ~nd deri,'Cd f""nl
a <cn:,;" ." k. Tbe. ow~'" ,h", God "" Cl'C'lOC;, koo"'n 'I\ru"gh
all 11<' of"is ~';II. Ilut God ill I r; "'self "a""n( he \:1I(>\\"n 0, oil , T here
is not ""l" '!>ec"",e', ,borc i, u(~ any 'act', ,her<" i. 110 crca"'r~
through whi~b God coul,1 !>< kno...-" in Hi",,,, If. It i. onl)' 'I\ruugh
Ch";', .",1 ('.00', ""UCmanifcs",'-'ot' ,h., nWI\ "'~l f'1':"-'" a ",..ion of
GOII h, Him,df.
11,", ,he f,mo;ktmen(:11 <Jj"inc'ion bt,l<o""U (;,,.j la"","" ;. !I~!f
oud G,~l "" ma"" 15~~ L"'-'I'}'<i.:;) i. cJcarlr m,"d~, " I"
oh..",.-ing- aea,ion oue d"", no' .," iU'11h iog of G<>d iu Him"lf; oll
b,. may.,.., ;, lh~ ,,; .. Ioon "(co,,lu'!! '0 " 'birb "'cI)1hill!! ,,'" crcad: f<Jc 'I n ,he "0'1",,"~1 hcawn, (;,,.j dwcU, "" cre.tor 'hrough
h;. muhi-embroidCn'd ",';,dom:"
G,,.j ;n Him",lf';" '1Il,,,mil1"bk by """)11'.'" amI '''0 o,,~ know,
t!t c acellmte knowicdg.:- ", !t ich Toi"i,y ha, of hendf:'"
0" ,Ioj, PO;,,( ' hen: "". r"'''''lt~ti"g "naJ;~"", " 'hicb an: "mID fol _
io,.,in!! ,,,,hal;lII. in ord<r to >C. how ,he ,li,(;,,..,;,", b",,,,,,n C",I
III H;",,.,.Jf a"d God as Creator i. ,m,dc;
c.,,,
.).6:"""0
'T'''''''''''''''''''''
~
~
<.-,,' ,...
No '"'"
".wo, ",;""-
.. Cd.,
n , "",
N wIA. In
~ c.t., \~ , Go.
B 1'.11.." 2-1-1.
li 117,
,It,.
"It'"
,It"
There i> pa"ic uiar clUpba>i, on the ,"otion th.t 'thc di'"1<: tI,i ng>
ca"nOt be "'en "'itho,,' '<1' actio" of their own', ".,,,,.1)" through
0 ....1', gF~"".'" Sub,;.'I", ntl). c",,,,,,,,'I) mi" d
""'U"" ","e (;1 tlI'ooglt on i" .. lk<to>l "'" 0( it! 0"-0. So "'-' e'"Kci,...
of God, '0 ,be
tlu., i, "' VO"'bk '" U,- ,1!1'Wgh d .. th.olugk>l
~I""" hi",-,u le"" ,I""" ,,-10;'-1, ,," 1>:.,,,, .,,"" ><l, h,,,"',,",,-, .
",. ,_riw of Him _ u ,-dl _ nut r..... 11;"""1[ ~~ , oi & b e.-k:;I
1., icno",-k<igo- of lti''''''1f ,.... thmogb "") o"'~'" 0( 0", 'in.l, bu, It,
t=. Iwu"'k<igoo 110., i, "I1)"-'I"i" ," 10 Il im. ~'ur iI ;, Itim.. -If ",bo i,
buth th, .. ,bj<;:' ",od ,b. objecl ...r c<><np",l-Kll,oun. 'nu, ;, "'10) i, i,
Old)" ,foe So" "loo 10"""" Hin~ i, i, ,he So" "I", '" cO""I""I",><I 1 I
t~. hth .. ,. .1Id it i . h. ~ho N""p",~ ... ..-u the ">!ht<,"
"''''ut
00<,,''''
00<:"" kno", ,10.1 '11,<", aI<' m.,,)' I",oph' "'loo I",,, ~ con".!"ion
of God.J C....w, yr' ~\t.)" do ,,01
Him '" Fa'IId' of ~)e Son'.
(Ku\ .,u"i yoWv i):Q""' V "".., ' u, e"", ~~~t.,,,,,yu;:.. o~ ~~" ~poM'
.".,00'. ,,~,bv 0\";' ",Hip<> _ nu, to 'peak of ' kllOl,-J"lgc' of G(~l
",.an' in t:tCt to kr''',,' Hi", 'in ," lll lt< h '" He i, God . "d u, '"
much "S He i, ,h. I'.,h .. r' \~,,66 e.6-; ;0" ""\ <D66 .",~p /on)."
I" "ie,," of ,hi" 'we n if "'. be found ""nh)" of ... i"8 God u,,,,.by "'cau, of mind atld hc~,( , ""< oc. him tlO' "a, he i,-." bu' as
h. apl ...... "",,,Iillg '0 hi, di,!>'-""" ;"u to""nl. ,,; II""<'.-~r, Ihn,
H the obje<:t;l'c ",alitr of wlta, Gnd i> u, Hi",,,,lf, alb,;t CTca'Ure;
"aotl o( k"",, ;,; ,,,,,I ,I", ooj<"(i,,, "'~U,)' i, ,;"gl"d 0\" i" ~,~ """e
P'''",!!C hy meo", of ' he c~prc"'o" ".'c",' t/ti,j " hieh God iI)."
I""""
joIu., 1', 2 1.
.' fiJ*',
n
er
XI\'_
J...d...-. 3;
fil*. XHt
"
.. fit..t, ~ !
" 1 J""n- !,
~
er
,_It"""
2.
C/'At'fEx O;;K
'1 ho,,'o,o. b), '~"Oll of ,h~ ,,"1iOlI dla<l .. 1I<',,,'':on G.,.-t an,1 ,he
world ,h~", ally kno",bl!!" of God ill Hi m",lf" impo!O.ibie." God
i, ,he 'r"<"",' allll (";od of the prol'he" alld Fall"" "lid God of
Ch";" ~"d 0'" r.,hcr'." SlI' from ~ "orkU), poi", of "i,''', 01 ... ,'all
"'" 1101 God .11 IlIm.clf, bu' God a, h~ "'pro$' ''"' IlIm.. lf '0 ",,"
III oIr;cniug Wc "",ld we h.yc j"" 'collc"ptioll." of God, "" do
"0' 1"'01" lIilll lIi m>clf: "'~ c.u olliy fonu , 'CQllcel',iou ' of G",I ;u
Cr~>1or." Thel'<'fore.
<".,,,1
' ''''-
1",,,,,. the
l ,,;~,a
<al' "")"''''
n."u""~
<3" all)on~
wh", God "ill r,.,"",,, b)' CITa""'tl '",, he i"," ,\ill ".ill hop.
p~II in '/l<' ,,~) ,",'hich i. possible ror (";",1 '0 I.. 1
""""'11 b)' crca'''''''
l ro.~ ion a~",,,,;. 'u,; yrv~'Qi , -YV&"Ot ,~. El, ,,,, . h i, 110' I"'.:;i
hie '0 ,,,1- 'he [expTC>'!",n i '".. he i. a. ,knOliug 1>",1 lI im""lf oil
.,.'.p 0\"" " ';~J..aI'flQ,"" to ro.~ to,," b
""<6Q." Th .. i. ,b<
""Tl" ill ,, I';ch "he 1""1,1"", or I';nriarch. or ... ,~b h,,," "-",, Gnd.' ''
OllC" ag"in, ,b e n01ioll of God ",.."'/ b 8t6:; "~'k i, ",'iMo~y
enuncLa,ed.
Thc rn~jc.1 di" ine 'mll-'CM"I~nce i. ,dti llgly expro:>oc(l ill ,he "',,0logicnl rcialiou of God '" 'he world. OriS'" ,efer>- '0 Wc worl,l
,b ro\lgh ~'"
u;/wb (;).0." wb,r b is" S,,,"c le"". " SliD ),<' I'cj<:C1.'
rh< Slok ,I""""",, th',' God .. h"",a""hl iI, Ib, wod,I;" h. " I",
" ~plid'l~ "l~ .... e' 00,1, ',he SW"" a"d lh, foU",,e,", of PI.,,; "ha
hel,l , ha, ,I .. '"ho)<' ",,rld i.. 'g<~!'." It i, ,;.... i .. 'h", C",I i. ""' _
,h e.- ~)ill1' 110, 'wbolc'. ' Ibi . """,,,en, .. olle 0( ,hose which "",Icr
I,"" \b~ ""heal di,;;," ",,,, <c,"d""c~:
h~"
a.
It""
ftlloJ(. 2'"
~ ~oIo,
~ _ U"",
17 , I "
";.11.. , 2'13.
~ Cf. Col. I, I~ .
~ Cds, VI. 1>.
~ I j<oIm, 3, 2.
~ ft. '/010. X .
~ ft.'/oIo. XIV.
All thing> 're p . ... of ,h. ~Vtkl yet G"d i, "'" p." of ,h. whole
.""'" y;,p ";~q ,""..,'" ~, 6t "'po.>:; ilJ..", b 6W;; for God nou"
I,.. r<"!f.nJcd a, "O! u"""" lk,o .. ,h. p.ut i, ;,wo""pict<. :\,HI prub".
j"" ..
bIy ~ (hp", >tJ. i (ic,~' i"" (uuld ,~u'" tb. , "",,I) ,!",>..ki"..,;.
God ;. nO! aI''''. '" .['" I... ;, nOl ,he ",'hoIe 6W; l.Io.,p oi.< 1<>"
.,;~ o~''''' ~
~n<e ,he "bole ",.mp";"'. p" ... i~,{ ,b is}.<);'
i . ..".....
" Iod ..--,,, <10<,
okJ".ud <I,at ""0 ,~o"ld """",.
~ th< ""preme G",I """'pri<i"S p>.n>, .""h oDe .... ,,toich cuu ..... tIo
"..~"' thc " tboT """" ""01,'"
"",I."
w.....'.
'I'"
TI~"
Ira."",""",
" cm.
"( "
.'uh""""',_
c..~.
r_ ..,_
1x'1 l3-t9,
Z>!; 11.1HOf
I. 2l.
~ .d/\. I l ~.1'G
., ,.0>,. I I ~ .
'''''.
C/'At'fEx ";;K
' I ho OI~\' .,,'a)' '0 LIlO.". <.>f G",I \>eillg mo", th,," 'h~ C "'''' OT i,
th rollgh Hi, 0.".0 re,-d;uiou in Go<1 (he Logo. (hroughout the hib_
he,>1 tu"o')', It ;" dU'ollg b h;",oriral ",'e" I', <u~"u' an,,,d ih ,be ~'-<n '
"f -illc~r"~lion' a,a rii; ""~ <""".,,_,, ,h~ ' tl.,. tr."",e"dcnl G"d
b"came 'appro:>ehabk'
10 mell" So u,illg 't ru(h and lh<t""i"'oll) of eHm, and aU son, <.>f .,,-orlW' g <.>f wonde ... '" ' .i",1
of '-oice, God "'!!!Ie.,ed Il i, 0,,"" .ul~i rllity to hum"",:"
1:""" so, di.;n" i"S1"UClioD i. n",."",,} for ',h" la" ran he I<no,"'n
0111) b)' ,,,,,d,,ion' .,"I no i",,-,lhlU.1 ab;lil) alonc ;, ~de'I""1C for
th a,,''' Which m"",. tha, 'h< 'pm-abk> .lId """'ur~ "'vrd, ,,-hOch
wen: uuered 1
,,- 'he 11(1), Spirit ,bruJgh th e prop h<:" lI>o<:d I><'...,,,d,,bl,,' ah,l 'h e)' b<:com" ...,,,,Iable to oh"" ",ho "'" ),,,nidparm'
of ,h~ Holy Spiri, ",,,I "ugh, hy him . For no one can co11\l'"h",,1
<I, " ,Ij,'i"" Scrip,ure. u,dcs> 'hough ill"mjJl~ooo I,) 1Il<' Hol)' Spirh.'"
Cud ,hro"g h hi. '8",.t pro,;Ik""., fvr ,he .... 1.<, of ,"" ,, ' gu id<"
aud culigb'cus mau lo",ard w~y. th~, 'b "m,w 1I." " n: il><'lf doe, lIot
Imow:"
The .. 1'.'-"'t.gCl d'-tn01""'"'~ !ha( i, is 001 lh. ,,-oti,1. b<,,, i, is (;00',
""If-n'wl."io" lit,,, I' ""'id,,, " I";:" , of ,I", ,Ii ";h~ b<,-i"g. I " ~'e f,,,,~
a,~J)',i., Ihi. n1<~n, ,1",[ O rigoo ll hold. ~ 11' .0Iogica~ not C=
tn"I,'!(ic~1 cone"p,io" of G,~1. Hi, Ihrolog)' ,,,rillg> from Ihe ",If_
I'C\-.:I.,ion ofG,~1 ohroughou, I';",or.,-, DIn fro." ol>"r""ion <.>f lla11"":.
To cxpoo" ,d O rig.-o'. 'hrolog) in ,I,-I"il, th'" i" Iti' c<n' cepl of (;",1
in Ilim .. lf. i, I><-TOlld ( h~ "'<>pC of ,h i, I>00I<_ I ,hall '>I1ly refcr tv
hi. ("O tICCP';"" of Wisdom and l.osos: ~"d (hi, otll~ to ,h< ''''1<-'''
th a, Ih;" hcar> "110" (It~ cOll coplion " f,i mo, ~or a ll iml.)I1'U" I",int
th o, nttrl. to he Illode ;" u01 01L1)" that 'here ;" conception <.>f God
;" /lint,,!! far b<:j'Ot,,[ ,he " otioo of GOII 4< em.",,: 1/",,,. i, abo a
,;,u,Ii,.lio<, of. rc.li[) p"."."ting crcali<" that is. a ""~lil) ill "hOch
o,J), <<<.cl is and ,h~r-< i. n(l cr~-" t io " ~, all , Th i. will 10,,01 ,,, ,I><<on d " , ;"1l lh~, 'he cum,n, opinion Ihal Orig"" cannOI 'hink of C",I
";tho,,, 1I<=''''ru-,- 'hi"kiug of him .. C ",,,or ;" eITonro ,,,.01
"I"X''''''
'0
"ft.ll.... 51.
~ HIll. , ~, l'(l 12_l1n
~ <411. ll8, PG 12.1~91 ,
~ ..,,_, ~\: 1'G.17.25l,
" ""I'. 77, 1'G 17.1>1 ,
c..:""" ~ _"I> ;, 'he !,.".......t X,,~ "">1"""Otis<" ""'I. dot"""" <Ji ,,,,,,,,aI ". ,.,;.,n, 1b<o
;. 'u"""'" rt' "'tirt~' ''''''''DU> "'........ 11>: . . - .,.,....", ~-;a '" .-""'- ...-.1
ft
-n... (loo
~h>:h
""'-
c'
l)e.pi.. the t ,c< tha, God" b" i"g i, rcg:or<kd a, '.1><:>\-" 'i me. ,IL"
;" '" radiCllly """"'Cll<\cm r.:;aI;,y, U r;g<:" ,Ioc. ~'" abe.,1 ",;,h "
PQn"'l"~ of God', bei ng io Hi"'''' lf. Ttu , i, ,,,,,,I,. at the I""'" ~'hcre
I", i"""p"'" ~l" pon ion of J ohn 1,1 'In 'he b.:l!im,iug ll~ "!>Xii) "'",
'he Log"" ...
I" tl);ug to iutcrpm tlu. p-..ge. he i, f.",<1 with " cbaIJenge '0
hi, conception of 'he ,li';He he;ng a ,i",de>< rc~lit)'. For the t<nu
';PX1 i. Obe of !h"",. " 'hkh par excell,,,ce ILwe n ""'poral impli.
cation, " ,,,,,d),, l",gUlO;''<i ' Ho" is ;r poo.sihlc to ",,,,ilk of lh .. <li\;,,"
Ik;"g a, all at<mpor.. l ,'ate "' hile a, the ",me ,;me .pealing of ~
cc" . ; 'I n the 1)(,~,;u ll ;J\g' {iv apl!i.? 'n,;, j" the cballo"g<. ",h ;eh h,
h", IQ cope "'it b. in order 10 "" 1"in bi, ooocep,;o" of !he d;>ine
Ijf'c ft , " Iimd"., rcallt)'.
II<lore a."~ disc"",o" aoom ,he a" ual olc~t\i"g of ,he lo"'~oi"g
I")n;"" of./oh. h< I")i"" ou, that <1,, 1\' ~re """')' m<a"i ng< of 'he
wont aP1~, "11,;. 'mu lt;.';~",iflC"'io,, (,0 ... ~OO~~"" of d,e tenn c.u
be fuund n'" "'tlr a",ong the Gottk> but aOO
dte HoI)' Scripture."
T hu, he e.,pOU llds ~ll me dill"""" l~'tl'0rt, of ,he le,m ';~llj tound
UI 'h,' Scri p""e. It ;. .",Jy al)'" 1hi, cx'cnsj"e ""l"""i lKm ~'al I",
cornes '0 'he poni,"' of,).,h" I ,I i" Ofder 10 Ofli:T hi, o,m ,",cgc>i.:
"ot"
~'hicb
of
,I)('
' ~< m
1<'n>(
':h"uld
I)('
u,,,, lI"t
u,;, ,to.,
toO<
.uudo to any """ing <>--er ",. ,,, an) ~ "" lo"gtlt, it i, """ oI" i _
ou' d", it doe. n," ",r.,. ,,)
gen"'~ t i<>n _ It i, " ,-~-.tth< Ie .. I"";b!e
w wk<- it ttu, it ",f"" to lun ,. wh<J i, ,he "'''kT. ".-hv<" '000 ..,,-(1,,=1
. od <''-<1),10,,'11 10", becn madc'." h" in a ",n"" ;1 ~ Chri.t hin\>df
"ho., ;, ~'" cre~"". (0
d", F3lh", .. )~ ''''' 'h",,' I~' jigh,'" "",I
'lot ,h.,-" b<; fi,.",,,,nen,' Chri" ,he" .. ,,,,. ,.. ,. ... n a,~, r.,,- he
is ",.00"'. c>lll ~m jus< 1"",.""", h< i. " i"Ion" For i' ;, ",i><1om
"'h,,. """",li,'1!' w SoIonoon. "'P 'The Lord c,"'!",d "'" .. ,I-.c b<'gU"
wOj! of Ith ''-.p
lu> ",,,cL' ,'0 9<0(. 1<-,,0" ...
I>biiooo'
~"riI ',i ; fPl Q~ro~\," "" ,1,., ~J", l.og<>o ill ;" 11,,' <l.prll. ,h., i~ ;"
<he ,,;~hn
"'y
"'''''no
,,,,,ard>
..
~.... ,
I, :>o'\'1
.. In<_
om'
n.. ;"
..
1.2,!o.. G"", I. 5.
" Co<n, I, 6.
" PM,8,n,
ru.
.. """'IlMo, I, :>o'L,(,
C/'At'fEx O;;K
Fllnh~r
ill (lie "~III~ work, he ""Via; ... , 'Ill u"'I'] ....";II& the ' ID itpl~
'''"' (be 1.>gu5' il i,
Ifor il is f",""d ill ""1\) I_grs of lb<
I'r,~'erb" ,h .. , i( i, 111" ,,-i,roOIll "'ho i, moan( h)" lh. nil itpX~''"
Th". 'onc ""o"ld u"de.-.","d (1",( (I", I.og<" h", al ...... )" heell in lhe
itN~. 'h,,, i., iD (h, ..... i" lo01 ."
Hence O rigco', "U;"'" i. ,-;ltu..Jlr lhi" 'l1oe ",,,nulg ofJo hll 1.1,
'I., ';I'~~ ".,., th,. Log'o,,' ;, " SOI1 of ",,,,,'cr .\Ol to <I,. h)l>otI,c~ic"l
' I"."ion ',,'he! ......, (I'e I"W'".", hut (0 (he If"N""" ''" u".1 """ lhe
Logo. " Thi. ",,,,wnell' i, cle.rly ",,<1 btrr . ....-bcD i, i, poin, 1 nil'
,103' ",h" W, I",,,, Io-amcd from the 1"""' 11" "fJoh ll 1.1 ;,. 'he an,,,,,,
to (he qll""i01' 'iD ", hm' I" ,iv, ....-a> the Logo., . "d (he am,,"CT ' 0
,hi, ",as Ih", the Log'''' ,,'as 'i ll ,lot: ,,-iodotu' (Iv "Pl:ii)." I"",.r i ll u..:
"'' 11" " 'ork lie ...,i'er..'e' ],i, .AifTn~'ion (h.. hy itpl~ i , ,. th, ""i._
do", be""Jf ,1"" ,J,ollkl be " "'k"IOOd. allll ' he ]la.us" of .Johll
,"c.,,, 11,., 'he I.>go>
'iu' 'h e ",i"lom, " If a ~e r"pomr 111""_
iDg , hould I", ~1'l'lied
(he 'tv itpxn' (h" , hould I", ouly ""0><"
of ",emporaL,y, illdic,,' ed I'l-' the r,,", tha, 'he 1"K'" ,,"" 'in' "'"
In 'ha< c~,. ,he hn""lIdi<;a1 '1"'''';0'' '~Wn " .. ,he Logo.?'
co" I,1 lot: ,he ,allle a, 'he '1,,,-,,,io<1 'I. l1.'1wl ,,'a, 'he l.ogos'> A,
,,,.ncr of ,et, llH-rc i, a I~)ill' iu 'he QUI< ",>TO ....-bere i, i. '(;(le,1
,h a, "'h,,, ,,'e le"", hy ,h ;, I''''''-'!l'' of Johll ;, '", he" '" in ""b,,' "'"
cl.,,,
w.'
'0
"i"Io""
,\1;" ,. 11",
~"aJ)""",
of ,li e , ,, bjc'Cl (b ..fore "" " cU "" .ti,r 'h i' 1>0;'"
"",,,><i,
~ --JM>o, 1, """," ,
" lbi<.
, -.7-,
2, 'V
~.
''',
;ub.;. . ."",
is linllaU)' an
"",,,.~,
""b
<"nee" ..
"~re
"u' ...._
fyb"" ."",
'hi.
" ;s ""co ... Lugl), poi",,,,1 "'-" tha' :Joh" .I,d no, oa)' (ha, ,t ... l.ogoo
...."" ,>< 'ha, I", ,,"-' ",.w in .he itpx~, hut h, ' .. id (10:.( 'In ,Il("
jo/tD I, 1.
" ......JMo.
C/'At'fEx O;;K
t)('ginll ing "'111 th" [.os""" For he "'.'" ill 11>< begi nning crea,illg 11><
hea,,," alld 'he can )" " yet he ni!ted 'bef,,>re thelll. bcillg 'hcir
bl'gi,,,';og in the ..,,, '" , h", it ",n. hin, "'ho ca""'d ,he,,, (0 b.'."
It i, (,mh"r ,-"it"",(,..;[ (ha( Ih. [AOgU' "ho ' ,,~, ill .:.pm "..,
'~h,"y. (a.i) '"iI11 G ",r. heillg him",lf Cod; 'h~ rlid n<)1 oh"'in (hi,
'L~(e ., if he I'I'O\'io",I)' ,,'" IIO( ,,'i(h God' , hut he h.. ~Iwa)'. t>=<:II
ill (hc 'p c'l>ct""I,'icv,' of th e Jl",om~1 (kl~h' ('ii o:~.""'i. ,,,, Or.;. ,00
."'P''"''' 110:&"",.'"
""1"'r~Il'd
From
th e Fa(h", '''t ~ '"'''''''''' ""e' ",~"i" ~iiw,,,t The Logo> i, 1101
",",roU< o,hM' th all CIII;''', ["go< the Go<i. "ho is ill wc Fa(ber,
thmugh ,,'holll "",,)thing h"-' l>e<-n c""",,<I.'"
[n (he Fi ,.,,( Hook of tMmIJoiut i, i, ",-er",,1 ,hat 'it i, ~ary to
<"ami,," ,h,' eo'tnption' of 11.... SOl' p.in".ltillgl)~ in oj,-, 10
..,~ ,,hid, of (h"", h,,,,,, ~I ,,-a).. to<cn ;11 C",I h.;t<"" cn:a(i,," (i'
~a~"p,oTI]") "'it hout ''''l' l><'gill" illg. [, i( onl), l\'i" loo> which ex i"ed
,,;,hOllt btgioning. or i, i, abo ,be InS"" and "Hn life .ml .ru,Il ?'"
A( mal poin( mo ,<&I' O n<:""1I goe. (111)' .. ra' ~, '0 S<" fonh ,I><'lU.'''OD.
,\ s),,(Cm .. ,", ~C<"U t" "f (h;, i,wc i, g;..cn in (he ,xc<md flool: "f
the ",me ,,-.,,1<. n.i. i",'Ok M ,ome ,ictcnnill illg I ~ ,i n " of tu, ,i"",'
of,;",. Tb. ",,~"i'i on "0'0""""",,1 to<
of " 111","," [oU' philo.
logical a.nal),, ;, of ""ril~ ,,,,, l POrt;""" ,,'iw Origrn p"'~t"ri"S upon
t"o portio" , ufJ otm: 'In (he bt~n t\;"S "as th e 1."<:",,,' (;." a~x~ ~,
b "'.,.,...... and 'tife 1.><,,,,,,,,, ;" LllC I"go<' (.... ~ ,." kef,'";,,S to
th i, ol"''' ;''g (if J ohn ', go.p.-J. he <",,"":
",""
.1."
.1."
..
-J-.
"'fto~
-.7.... I,
XX,
John 1, l.
~ Cf. J'''". I .
~ JO>", I , 1.
Thi. ",ea n,
' ''r
'h" .. ben
,here "...
..." nO(
'14<1" of ",",,', fo' ,he ugh' of men i. ,u",",,,,""'" ooJr i" ;" r.-l,>'''''' to men . .\ ,od let 'OO "' .. ~C<"u'" "" d,;ukj"8 'hat ..-. .pc ),,~,,
mng alJ ,)"...., quo-,''''n. il, a"""", uf 1<OI l'oral seque,,,,,, for timc
caJIOO'I be fou",1 ., alJ " I",,, L
be Lbinl .".1 f""nI1 ""'''''Vtioo" of "".
1, '1(0) did "'" ..i " ,..,,_ In the _ .. "..y ,hen ''''t i, ;" ",id ,,.,,
'''-~1IUng ""_ thmu!I:h runo '" 10'" ,,-ery1IUng a-.s 'hrough Iwn .
" d ',her< ...", '''''hiog ,I .. , """ ... " 'id""" bioo""' DO< "'er< ".". ""d ,
io~ ,b., . ... ~ i,,,,",, him. IiIi: j,
in Iwn. ,101 "I"'t
in
run" ,\t{";", " " . LoS"" ~.,., "", "I.., "''''''' iD doe b<giu";ug, "n L ~ I .. ,
"'" in ,he I,.gi"ning"
.,h;., ........
w.,
,\ n exrcllo", r<>rt ion i" h is 11 <>",ili, .. on Kwd ", 10,,,,, "0 room for
a",big"i,):
'To ",",,,,,,, .. ",-",,' i" b)' '""u<c. "'" to be
""I) ~-lul ~"'" n.... origiuilly."
.Mo<::.
fo'
0'"
be"""",.
Tlri, " rg" ",cll ' ,.-~, "pdy lq,Ldd by GT'S"ry' of l"y,,,, ag~i ,," thc
argu"'''''' of I~ unomi ,,,: if the LogOl! is pu, ,,'i,run limi1>. ,he" God
IUm ... lf is I~" "ilhiJ. limil.'l . 11", Cod js i,of,o;," . " d h~ ,he ,."'"
,okn Ih. I.>go> _.J,,~!1cl 1.>0: I'CK"rded .. infi"i'~_ ~'vr 'infu"" i, <x,,,,,,,,j
alv"gsi<:!< ~'i,h ,he i"r"ul<' """ ' ''P<' iv<l ,q:. '.. riPQ> '" .... <tfl'.'" ,_"
E. 01< Fa)'c m~k", a ,..rio", ", ,,,~k< in "..,nj" g tha' ' it i; in ' hc
" .>tu'" "f 'he Suu '0 be muh i" l" a"d diH""''. al~",a~ng ,,, Orige,, ',
a.nal)".", of ,I", eo":ptiOt" of 'Io~ Son ;0 MIfI1f1.7oiu1- Wh .. bl" did
"'" ""np",h"'id i, 1h., ,he ""ncet"" n,, "f ,he Sun, "f'~r \\'i"l"",
and Log.", Of<""" ~!I(l 'h') c"" ld in " 0 w,,) be rcg",<il '" b< i"g
' in ' h< n",ur~' of the S<m . They arc .impl.,. cco.",omic f""c.i"" . "f
'h<: l.og"" wi'hin ,ht world, 0""" this world "","e into c,""encc.
H,"cefml/o. ~'" ",",,";0'" abou t a 'r:Oo:!Ii<- ;"11,.,,,,,,' 0" O rigen OD
,hi, . "bjcc' an; w""'g. I',,.. ,he """",,;;'1 no,io" vf Oril "', awn ~
ccnai" ",-ho " ' hc third a'kl fmnh co nc"l>1i"" . of I~>g". ditl ,,," ~lli,
yet" du,kd E. de F"y"'"
the "'-""tt cTtl ', he'" wru um ye' ,intc
bcfor<: 'h" ....odd nj"cd'" cl "ool him too. l"",,,n hcle" Origclt',
d'
_ _ , .....
0--v-.
,. ,'.
<, ,
,._ " _
~>
"" ... _
0ris<"'"'
RnM M
,Ad
_1>'., .. ..
-:JO;'~
'>t~.,
-~" I"'"
'"'P' 'J,1.Y,"""1 "~'jl 1'''0,\.'\1 '(", ..." " '~I pd~~",!, PJO." . '1\
4~n",'" ' ! ""'''p<>J10! "'I ,Iq_" "! '~Il' P" ~ (P "",,-,li-,''''l 11.\\0 '.">li!"o
,uwJ .(n"l<l rlOpu n) ".,jg ~ ''''l '! '''~L
uOI<>,,,hc, '! '{l
IJJcli>J 0, ''''''''-'''''! 'R"'P"~~lUJ "'1 PI ""-'I l l ..
lIuJo utlluo pu~
,.uno, ,"p . c pon ~ ,,!'nl' oo<,=<lx, ~CI""" c , .... " QI!'~l '~')-""l."
.. ' ~"" kl 0' ..,,,,dd~ "O!",.."b<., JO P"" '~I""!S ''''',lVA, '"'''?''''''' AI!"
~w~ !"" ~" \IlI<'
~""!I '! I "!,~I "'ql ,. 1'""" """"Id "Ll.
,'''''UO'"I.-I .'P.
,.,,,,:w..li
!><:t,."""
..t""IJ ~'
11" JO . ,,,Suo, 1'''0 ."'un..... , '~{' "'I 0, I'~I." 'I (,o'"" 3 '~ l',p,,,,ibJ)
"''''4:) 'P!'P' '" ""u,," ~'Jl ,n" " ,,!od "O!load p..>lOnb ~u 'I""""'<I J'U.
_" ('!~I' "1'1 'I'!" "Jlju v, <L"~ mq' I'''!~ '141JO ""P
I"'" '"ol,<lW>i~>J 'l>U!"''''J!'~"t~ d,.,[>' UIWJ ""'I' 011." <lP'I" '-" O!I " I'
'LI ', m r JO .xl!"' "1 '.1" 'l(~1 "1' 'lu"l<b,1' " 1' '.uq'".i "1' 0, "~"'~ "'"
'1'"4." qSno.; ,1' "'01' ~'I' -4",",1 '''Jl' ''IO>O''{~ '"".><1.. ,. ".,d<fu ~'!
'1""1," {q '''I''. 4'''' '''O!).re .~ulll" !-"I-''''!'t:.'l'''. "4 01 P"'>P'" '"OI'''~
'!4 Ql ,,!cu.,d "OS ~4 ' JO iIlo!,dn1.-.:,! JLll. ... ,AOl\,,( 'lI-n \>"9 l).'l)
.'o:o.~[ "'" ~'Jl "1"''!I'J '-"'''''I~ ~'I. '~~J "! ,,,,,,!,,L~,,o, J" 'I""!'I"'"
LllI"O,J'I ' w&Y I '4' 01 ""'J" ",,,,,,,,,. J! ",.u ' '' q.l . . "i') .'!lo. P"~
~AOrl ''''u, ~ "! >11 '(!lp J(IJ. ~ ,'"-'0 " ;O&Yr
'.>J0J>.J<),U_
" ."""'1-"
"'IJ.
",'" [,'0,\\
''-1' '4"U) "J'I "~ ''''''<>'''-'''' 4~u ,~ n'~ ,e ~IN! ,..)'''~ "'1 .... , [lOO"
'J"I''''' ""{ >f<lun= "'J .. """~-,,Io pu . ,,,",u,-, " 4 Olli,,,I'-"''''. ~; ."
.(" eu. Ul I'",,,oll,,,p "'I .;.. u ''''I ,,,,-,;x,, ,,' '00 P"I"" " ".... 4:)
.. .. u' !'!
JOJ ,.""",, >" " "P JOJ '''''"3><h<,,,1 , ,,om .. .>J~ .>J"'p 3WU ."" .. "'I' ,~
"1'4." '~''!J'K) ' H>J r pW I .{ u, ,n ~""c, ... '" .),,0 '! >.J'''I'~ 11'" ,:.. >."",1
" ! I'"'!-'~-' ""I ~,,'~) ... " ! ~lLO "'I ., .." ~4 ""1' '''''''~'' .("",,, '''''I
"':x>o:i;~ "'''~ I p -"'I,un '00, ' H,,!-"'S "1' .. "lL"J~'p "'~ ,"u.>w,.~"
n,
"-"0
~"M~'f')
"
lie. ,h;' ,,,pr~,j()O, i. ,h" fll,bm~u'al \'i~,"' d~" ' be cvu""!,' i"u, of 'he
Sou bt.:O>M, which iruplie. ,he ",o.,i,o act of God , Thi, ;" ' he <0,,
teXt i" which 'l'''ilar exp"",;"". ,h"uld be cO<I,id/:,.,.d.' Ol
Of.1l Ihe '''''''options of the Son. it i, onl} Wi,dom .nd ~
Ih.t ""'" ... i,h the ~athCT beginuingi<>Sl)". The ",,' ut them bllfN.
which meall' 'hC)' h.~d " bcgillni"g aud arc the prod "ct of 'he ere
Oli"e "<, of God. Sillce , hi, poiut ;" <cutr~] for ,,,,de""'lHli"g the
,..,boo" of (;",1 to crc~,io". r di.!c ",. it p",s,,,,, ly.
R. i\orri' is "0" "",re srholar amol)g Ihos," ,"'ho u><.'<l It"" '" ~
",ain """", . C"""'luwtly. ","" ..,
wcre in,~;'abLe: he ......"
,h~t ',he I ~'!,,,,. "PI><a" ;u Orig.,,, 'ptem a' 'he 6", "'1' 'do,,"n'
Jroo, the
io , lie S"".lm of e>Ostentt.... A, ,,,ch. he is. or
'g",",,,,,,,r h'" uo, ''''J''',;'' and Ten<dlj"n ",e111 to It"'-e ,,,,,gilt)
a, ""'me IJOio, prio, ro doe c,eal",'" of ,he " 'odd:""
III ' he light of 'h" ,b und"'"" "f t"Xl> ,"'her< Origc " cXI'Ii.;", .. hi,
,;"". of the l.os"". a,>crt;on, . "ch as thl. '<Cln ~"o"i,bi nl! ' Tbi, i.
wh), r ba,,, rcgartlcd ;, '" all ibdi.peu,al>l< pan of my lDctlloo to
'Iuo'e Origell', 0"'1\ ",,,ds. For di"onlllg aUeg~ti"''' .uch as ~>e",
of ..... orri. "pl><ar :os " ie"" of 'he "' aiJ"',....~'" srbol""It;p. ",hkb
' 1'P',a ...
be dennin<d to fi,,,1 I~()\in"'- " -"rldp;',,,,,,, and per
<'1"i"n of Jlcillg into Origc,,-' th""ght . TI1\" he Ib inb ,I"" Orig<n',
G",I "lll" b<: the 110tin;all Onc. The 1'Io,;n;"" Mind ,,'hid, i, iru , ,,<~
,liaody ,10"''' from the Olle on"" 1>< 'he Logos. '''Id "'" on.
I" "",'" of ,I", ,-.. " ",,,,, I><r of "hob", ... h" ",.de ,ionil", ~Ik-ga
tion, :.!,,"ut On!:,-n, the c~." of :-':0";' i. o"l~ on e><ampie. let ~
I'"ra,bg",a,", """ . T" amid an lln"""c",~rily nu,,;,-~ k"gl h of thl.
W"B. I hall: to ton,id...- nr,,,, ""hcT ,haD u"li,-id 'H'] ""h,,"' ... Sir"iL>r
alleg'"i<>os (namely. poO(" I.>U"K ~;u,"r" Iht'mk or N"'plat""ic perreption in O, iln'. thoogl" ,,,-t<' "'ad. by othcr< , ,odl as C. Jligg.
It. Cmuul :'11. Si"'''''''''i _ E. MolbJl(I. J I).-mic]"", G . 11()(",~1ci
(," mention ""m" <.Of th"", 'Ul' llO>Cd ,0 I,. prominen, <' I",n<n"
of U",,"'11 ', tho,,~4" ; 'fte ,-icw. "f them. a. ,,'cU "" of o, he", like
T. T orrancr. 1'. Ih ..\1. \\'~mer. a",1 ome" me",io",:d in ,Iue
c"" ..... _ Whil, C _ Jligg pu, the h'n" 'l'l,'oni,,' in ,he ,i, k' of hi, ,,'OB
uld udi"K Orig"n'. ,h""ght, ~ J. W"m"r had no bc,i,alion : h" as,Cl,"
th.t Urigell found a 'crurc p"'i,ion 'Ul 'he religious phil",opfty of
",,,,,,le.
"'>n""'.
0""
'0
t:.!J
,"to\, 196>,],.
l~'.
C/IAt'fEx O;;K
l\eoplalolci,,,, '. "" The'" ...., mhe,.. "'ho pro"idt ""'OIUIt> of Origtn"
,bou~111 u,rol'1\h a.... ,,;"''' " 'hi<"b ..... "'i,lc~,Ij"g ge""r~Ij"",ion' ....ch
a, Ihi" ' I', ilo>ophically ' he "''''tn n< of O rigcn i, 'puhe,i, ..,f
I>]"tunic, An>to,e];"I\, and S,..,ic ekment" ";lh Ihe <o"'''1'tio ll ..,f
<I;';", pro,;dencr a" d of ,Ii"in, law being l'LuolI;" ,,,,d Stoic.""
Subk'I""U1 to hi, dtci,;on to bmud Origtn ft, d 1'L~ton i;,t ~nd tar
bim ""ID (1". I'TU,h of l\eopl.<1o,ci,nt. ","orris d~,,,,, <I"" Ong""
'i ll si,,, . , " h.t ..,ne cann011hink vf God " 'ithollt thinking ~t the"'ln<
til1l' oflh' "',..-1,1 ill which G,.1".' e"atil" g,~.dllc" i> lIla" ihtI."' "
Thi, i. <h. 'll'ical "I)fO,';'}I' ,]e",nhing 1'L"o', 'hoLlgh'- 1II<Io.,,.-t,
th i, c~ I'r=iou i> th e "od motto uS/:d br the "' hob" ",ho fC"/!:m1
Ongen"' a ' I~"'o,,i,,' , H",,e,"er. Orig"" hold! a c<"''''1'Uo'' of(;od
in Him ""If ~p"" from .n) cO I\C"ptlo" of ,"""lio'L In hi, I' ie". ,Il<
So" of <H.d (ool>c, i,..-d a< \\,i.d"l1I "lid ["8''' i. in Ih. <i;,;,,,, real_
i,)" .. n perwu "ho i; rd.1t1 to no Onc bu, God I" <hi, "",0 ,her<
i; uo crca<i(m; tho ",le rc<'~')" i. the (~,'ine olle. IMmdr, the boeillg
of (;",1 H ;b,,,,lf.
""to
"on-i.,.,.
,0
"''' '-
t"",
T H I,: PkOV[l)E:\THL
Ck ~~\T IO "
"1<,,,,,,,,
Th .. impooan,
in m) a"aI)~i. ru,heflo i. "10' Orig"n 110111
the "mid:
C<)nc"!,,iQII <..of a ",.Iit}" '''' hen ' ' there ;" ""ilI11"' lim~
realit) ,.-ben: there i, not hiJlg ap.1I1 fwm G",I him .df. Ilu. i, why'
he >!ate. that it ;" G(~l who i, the original 'pbce, ". i, wc",' lo', o"'t
,6,"'>1 of we l.og... .' Ceno.inly it i; uu"ly hard t.. od,unbra,e , hi!
re:.Li,). ,,,,ee ,h i; i, ,he di,'''' I;J, ' i,self h is "Snific:",!. " ,,,,,th.,.
".~., ,h., then: ;" a I",n.epli..,n uf a ,1iJI~ "'fo" <TtOIiim (," 'pJ :Y"'< ....I'
h ;. out of ,hi, ",alii) II"'t G'KI dHiti" to c""","'e ami the IIO';(~l of
'coming ,ntO beillg oul of ""n.beiug &ox.... to make ..,,,,.,.
Tili, i, a oritical po,,,, of th. oOllCq"ioTt of G",I '" Crcator. 'Il,c
'I"e<tio" d,ouS b i, thi:>, "'hal did G",I c .... "I< i" th< begi:mu',g? O ul)'
Qnce ,he an""c, to , hi, q",,,tiOtl i, colnl'rehemk-<l. 'h~ doc"in~ "f
cTC~ti o" ,,ill be "pp,o"che<1 p,ope,ly. T he Wi"lom of O(.d i. fK>r
It,,,
tm)"cd "' a
,,''''n...../
~"o:m ,~;
1.<,,,
rolt",f
""11/1 to
_ ~ ""'""&" v..., rct thi. ~ i "loo , i. timc/oo ,.. wj cxi", .. . ' 1'1>~anti .. ,u,*,"' with God bcfQo- .U <"'.m, ;, Il< ~ ...;., d(S"", """~
'.
a..
\.to\1'X""""','
, -J""'-
.-~
2, XIX.
\IQ. ,,",' 111 .
- ; . . . . 20, 11
, ,.,-. a 1'G . 17. 1 ~~ . r . """'...,."" ,I ... '" Orig<"n \\"'Iom" on< ............
",. ~ ~ 1..1ow G"d . ~ lU<b ;,. """""""'. I'. 11 ..... "11 .. Conc<p< 01" Imoilly in
I'atr.....
.. T_", . <11., I'. ,.,.
"'",..1<';
10 all)"
'~I',...""",i
in ,b<- L'''o'
u--~",1"liot,
nocrc "r< '''''-' im,%,"> il, ma".' Onc il< rccri,-.,u from God ""hell be
"., ma<k, ill
b.>giJUUJlg. '" Scrip!u,,' "')' ill the bo", or G"", ... "
'~oo ... !in~ '"
im"l and lik<"" .. or O",f_ ~ '11", ",10", i",",go '"
... d,ly" H ", ,~i",, 1 ' hI> """,od image h,.,. He "',,, <"Xpelled r",,"
1"00". 0" "cco"n' or ,1i """"li<'K~ ,, ,"I , in, afl<C the 'pri,,,,," of this
,,otld" h.od 1<o,!~cd him ..itl1 hi; ..JJUl"CJDem. I'ur. jw.o .. tbe (u;'"
'" "'''''',.", i..., ." imag. of , .. "nq .. ror or ,i,i. ,,-or. I, '" I.. ~' I", 00."
,he ,,,)tl. of the '",Le, of 'h< d,,"''''''''' be,,.. ,he im"l of him '" h.,..,
"'",h 11< dua. J""" rornm.,,~kd ,I" , 11c<, ''''>g'" >I~,,,Jd be lwodl
o,-,-c.,od c, ,"-.y [,"''' '"" r=. He ,,;11. '" '0 ,4< 0" ,h., UIC<g<
,It"
,h"
-nu,
p,.:m, ..
,l<i_
.,;",;, _
com~L
f:-,
t,,,,,,,,
It.
";3, p. :Il.l2_
, 0<". I, 2.H!',
O<~. 1,26 n
IMf. IIGI', " . 16, p. ~lI.
, Cf_ C
...... IM C-t., I"""""" V
S.
" 0<".1,2;
, I Coo-, l~, 19_
'. John l~, 31.
".
~"'~
".uI "'<
"
l.,pnnin~, ><c",du'~ In
,I." eo...w.rary O.
IN c.Mr~
le",...
,ha, ,he,..,
in."""",
d.,'
".uI.
"'''1'
"le"
oI"d,,,,,,,
'UfO'''.
'''''II".liD
;,,,w,
\\'1"" ki n,1 of '",,,.lion " '.. ,bi, n" n of 'doe !'rgumi"g? I; ,Ici,
I'l""ni.; 1"""''I'' ;Utl of atl ' ill''''1",r".1 "Qrid' made in 'h" l.><gilO nillg
,~~i"" ,bat ,0 "m"l" ",bob ", 10",-< l>roml~l)' a>cribe,1 '0 OrigC1l?
The aM'" '0 thi' Ca., be trac-ed '" a Tlurol><:r of poirm of G~k
portio"'. "hid' e'''nC<" ~,a' hi, 1><:epl;o" of ~'" o u (Com~ oflh. creaU"e " c, of God is t". from be;"g " I". is cum'"d), all'1>",1
be.
II'h cn he ."e~" of .h" 'inc{}'pon-;J ' ,h'l came inl.O hcing ""'
lIon.bein!{, he ac,uaUy refcr> I~" '0 ,he>< ,\Dyo:o' , which m""" 1~>1h
ir, it! litem) "'''''' .....1 <'O<",ial l'ul"l'on 'ue",n""'- of God. '" well
'" 'rea",,,,', l bis i; ,b . ';"<""",..,,,1" Ik" f"O\< ;"'" beU\g 0", of "0'"
"':illg, I'~rtic ul,c c.", i, ta\:cn to tn ak< , hi. poi"l ,k~r--cu<: who" i,
is ... id <I"" God m.<le A(b, m. il 'hould to<' I~h" in", ace""nt ,h;"
.iIe "'I'm 'Ad",, ' in Grcd mra n.j"" 'm"n'_ T h u. 'he 'laTT.>ti()Il of
~1 __ doc, "0' ",fcT .0 '"n)" inJu,m,al" ...:.~ "" .,.. "'P' '-vi<; """'" '.
bul , iu'ply poi"" 10 ~" cn:,,,;o,, of '\b, huo" '" ",,,,, n:' ;hdf ("'~\
""
'0
,~,
"r
3'1.~ .
.. 2 Co<, I, 16 ond Rnm. 7,
c-...,. .. ""
I...,.,....
~
c....-/r.
Z-I ---5,
" &/" 1\ . <0; tho ""'..,", Oh. VU .'>O.
CIW'I
to"
IWO
III ,,,,",",lIl111 i, i. l)Oillhxl " ", ,h3' ,he fi"" "f the .. I)<,,,io,,. of
GCllC.i! cefeD to ' ",.Ie .nd fe",,,I," nOt to 'mm, .. "d "'o",an'; .1'0,
,he ,,,,,,e 1'Itr_olog)' i, ""xl i" the Hel,,,,,,' origi",,1 leXI. ,"'hic h i.
adduc..d a' ,hal point of ,.".,....11.". n.., rliffircnc.' ;, !}1rdo.d a,
,ub,ullIi"l: for th~ "pre.';"" '"",k ""d femal' "";""
"'hat
eJ~"ted ~" ,10, imttgc' , wherc,," either '01:'11' '" ''''O''L~It' ""It ucnr
pe""in '0 wh,,' i, J'M"eil"e.1 '" 'ill image' of God loiJi.." ..
fUv/J
to ,ot . ',"",,, 0000\ "v~p .." Agailt Oris"n r<iIC,."',,, hi' fu ,,<tltne"
tal opin;o" tha, W iM01f'O'",j miUUlfr /kits II()I rifrt le IN "wMtt
lJI~1 f'n..... b"l o,~)" 10 'ho or"~'io,, of Ilk"" logoi.
III ,<mm]""" Uri~":o, focu>c. on 'he Myi,,!! 'a"d God "'\\ ,hat it
",'"" good'. " He I>oio" ou, tha, this ",f<renee '" ,,'ha,
created
can .,.,,,,",, onl)' to the ' rc,,,,o,,,' of ,hing<, not '" the ""tual ",at,.
rial mu'''' ,h,'m""k .. ,. T hi. 'cr".';"II ;" 'he coming i010 iJ<-in); of
th e '''''''''' of "U th""" ,, hic.b "WO tu "otlle ill'u c~;"MlCe . At ,Ic"
poi'" tbrn:: is a ll rxtcu;in arg<JUlrllt appea lillg to it",allen frum
Gen ....... Spc;w"S ab".." '",. b""'t"" ""d C.l""', and " .... illS ,loinS"
aDd I",,,,,,." bow is i, 1'oosible 10 sa) ,h., t, "'""s <lw ac1",,1 "rra
,,, "'. lhal Gotl ,a",' "> I".in); 'gooo.e AI"< lhes< Loc"Oi. '!!oo<l" ~ ... m
""hc,' c.:"ainl) "Ol, Orige" .""", . 'n"n-r,,,..e. i, ...... , n<>' th~""
creat" ..... ,h<",.ch-cs ,hat G'~I "'''" a, 'go.~~l": "what ""'" go<~1 w",
th e r!'aY<J about t hcUl~." Referring to J ohn !. 15, 'lIc hokl I ,ar to
you. [ill "1' )"1)\" "l-"" and ".e 1I1<' 1;"lds. for ,he) ",e "!I"<,d)" ~'Ioj'e
for h,,,,<~t', he comments th~,, "
w.,
'0
:rap
""'!Y
w,,'
Tbe expr<";'~ , 'Wl up )....... <)u OC<~" ill ",;u') j>I.. iD &rip<ur<
... 1",, 11", dj,i". l.ogoo .. I",,)(,i;!, .... u, 10 <ni, ""d Iit\ "I' "''' 'ho"gh'"
.,.1 to .......1< ,Le i J ";~h, tru" lie. !",Io~ i" r.th<, .ickI) rotI . lioo.~
,nd ;" -"OOped ""d oom!'''t''"
" r I<>oIcing up," a, ;"
fOT "' ~ "nc< ", ... iah. ' (.if, ,~, )"0'' ' <)<0 . ",1 ","c. Who h., on..x all
,h"", thill!!, m."."!l?'"
i,,,,,,,,.,.,,
",i,,,,,,
U " the othCl' h.",1. "0 onc "ho e.,pe';cuca pru,;o", a "d who h
duns ' 0 m~ II"'h and ~n cO"''''ed " im " ,,,,c,;,, [ m iog>. ha.
-.,, 0.",
_ "<111,
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I, lO.
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-.7-.
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l~
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b Cf. I ... ke 13. Ll .
~ I.... W, :16-
Qwn:<:<l ,he <x>mm. " d tha, ~,).. , 'LiA "I' ),,,ur ey~.'_ ,\> re,"It .
ott the f",ld..
if they be ",Iready wbit<:
ruch " pcrso" ,,iU
for han'e,,'. I;k",,;s<. no 0>0< 10;" LA .. I "p hi, ,"}",;f he (0"0",,",
"0'
"'''0
yq.,.;.-. '",,,w.
/"ti~ ~"M\,,).
If
""e ohe ",)i,,~. '''od ".'" ,h..., i. "-.os go,-,d'" u,
lIlli ""). \C, hi", oxpL'in h"" the ""-,,'m,',,, 'God .." oh~, it """ good'
hold. ,rue in ,he ",,.... ' I.", tloo """'to ~rin~ fon/, ,h< c .... p;n~
"" h.. ,i,,~ ~k ,nd bm_I, fl);n~ ,f,o,,, lIte .. tth "",le, ,he ~1'<lC>"""t
ut I",,,,",,'" .. ,d "''"'' mo.-<" to ,,,," I""'''; 'Goo """k the
I~", ,he ",."'" 'IJ _It 'If~. 0 J.ifro.; 10 pi
""hich
COO ""'. i, 'go,,,!', \\" , mu!! S") Lb. """" ",i~g< abo:d>o.t, ,he ,,000,
' I.. , ,he ",.,b hring fonh ,ho ~';nK c""'''''~ ".. ,-m,,g '0 ,be ,utd.
,,-", ... roool c'=" ""<>. ,.".1 <Te~pu'g 0'-''''''''''', . od it<.. ", of ,he e.rtI,
"",,'ft'dj"g to ,106r ki"d." '0 "'''-'ch ~I ", i, atkI<d. 'COO .... ,10., ;t
,,'''' good'." t 'ur 00..' af< l>c~~, and cr:ping c",.lure, suud. unJc."
oJ-.' __ "'''''''''''' w.. '0 ~ 0 ..pi "" ..... ;. S''''']?''
<"',_
g"''' ....-
,,,,,,\>ocr"."
Thoo< ,... ""'" I),irr<>, are ' he <obj<-'''' of "r.'",io" , Thi, mo""" 01"" wc
do "0' hn", cre.,;on of i",li,;du31 1"',-,""01 being., far Ics, of
Xl.".
2 Coo- 3. III
" Gm I. In_
" Gen, I, lO_
" G"", I. 10
,
Cf,
.' ('><n,
I, 2l.
;,060:> "....
I.,,"
be<:.",..
'<:."...
mo,',,,
'0 ...
for~"-.",1.
'n,;,
"""""I.
""m
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~
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1, );););1\-_
c......... _
m'"
"xi,,,,,,,,,
lOodo", co>u>ol<>g)-.
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1'""'.
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c....". .
~!c..-,
PG ,
"",,:t
72" ~_
&I
,"k,
Hu, ""''''''' ..
ho", ,he s""" ,,h.;h "od m"ping C",tu". ,re
u"clJ",,,,d "' ",il .. od 'he hin:!. a, good "''''n Soon ,~""" "';0 ~""u,
,h"", >11 , ''',od God .. w
th ~' "., good'"
d,i,'8' which
aff "I'pt.,.ro tu ,l,e ;;Un" "'" guo.<l kOf them. bee. "", o,ey c.o tkf<>1
d"", and, "h.'" ,10,,) 10.,,, "'''1)'''''-''''''] ,h"m. ,t.-, bero<J,,' ""' .... )<10..
no.. "'i,h Go<1. 1",Iee,1 "hen ,b< de>i l "q""""d ,...," 1""'"' be gim'
'0 h.iJn again"J""'. ' hc ."I,,,,,,.'Y.by .'~"'l<ing hun. ,,-.. thc ca,,,,, of
doubl< M' 1<.0- Job ~ft"r hi, '->':1'''),. Who' is si ... ,," frum 0,< f.lCl
,h., lit: recc i,-cd double"""'" ohjnlf' "'hieh lit: kO' , in lhc fu>1 plo,
is Lh., ",. ,,-ill "" doul 60 """i w .imiLorly ill 0)", I",.,-eni), re>Jm .
,\,~i ,)", "P""ie "')~ ,h.t '''0 one;, CTO><".d ""'.-pt fOT ,he 0"" who
h .. "';''C'' h" f,dly." ,1.,,,1 io<I<I. 10",,' "'ill he 0) .. ", a ,tn , ~ if 01", ,,,
' ' -'1 be "". ""bo ,,-,; ... ,( 11 0"- gm" oh< b,,.,,'1' ..,od b rigbo" ", ~ of
ligh L "'O"kl ,"" b" m "~' ou' u"I"" 'h" ,I",kt,,,,. or nigh'
Wh), "". -"",,~ ~,..;'" I for l.wil) "',.,,, hec.u"" """.,.. , .... c<>",len",..,1
",,. '''''S''n:? Whr .... "",n8 ,,'On m.!<"if,e<i u,,"'" ".ak "nd ,'"", ,,<I uo<n <,u,t~ I f }"" """ " I.., is l,i<1", 0"" ,,10>1 i, ""-,..., i> rn'
deT<d ",,-,r. I'fai,,,.-onh), If )'00 ro<L>io:ler " I.." i, ,",ne. ,he o,;,,!r'
""hid, ..... lorigl" ,,-iU "PI"'.' on"", dt ligh'ful ,,, )"'-'. ,\,od. ;" "hott.
f,,",' ,,,,,
of il 'h itll<' tht gi<l'l of good ,), io.!<' i. i"d i_
w.d ",_ hrilli.aotl),. Fo, thi. ,u"-",, 'h<,..Ro .... 'h< Soonpt"" "''
'hi. """U, "'~"'Thiog: 'A",I God "'''' 1h. , 1)1<1)' "-'CC p.:f."
Wh). o<-",,,nl,,,Ie ... i, i, ,"-"
'Al ~ 1 r.od ..ad 11..1 !he) ,,-" "
goool'. i"'1< ..1 or. '(,,,,,1 ...... ,1.. , ,h,')' " ', ,,, good'? '11 .. , ,~ ('".1 "'"
,he u ... fuI""", of 'h"", ",i,,,>, .,HI
by "hiclt lt hoo~h itl
!he)' Br< ' " o,c)' ar<. o<,,, ,,),<le ... ""'y roukJ m.h good
""''' pert't. '-0< 1hi> '''''''''. 1I'<I,focc. he ~-';'I . '11< f" ,j ,fuI " ,od ",,,I.
'iply . ,od liD 0)", """e,.. in 0)", "~el,,,. ",od k' the Lif<>; I.' muhipli 1
"I"''' the ....d'." ,h " ... ,I.., ,he g",at ,,h,.,,;rnJ ,he u... p"'g <",a
'u ..... be i" the "" ... ,,~ "'I,I";"ccl "I",,~. ",,01 ,h.. b;,-'" upon ,he
e.nh. "
,lw,
n,,,,,,,
;",,,,,,,,,,,,!.
"",,';<Ic-,...,;"',
"Ii""n.
,lw, ,,-.v
,h",,,,,,"-,.,
Hence lloe good"",, of 'he objec' of c... atiou ;, der;",,1 fro", 1bt
\I,,-fu~'"" or 'h" ,tkuiIm; ,,'hi<), c<>m~ to h<;,,);, ']1,;, ""ol",j01' "''''
<"" cep,i"" of CTeali""
,I~l' ,he ob.i<-'Cl "'hid emcrg<:d 0'"
"f not hing " ", i" ' h e f'I'>l place, rr/lui,..,. j" d-d 1'0"""; 01 rd~l;on .
'l!);K<'"
"
,~,'i,, ~ e.peri~ncr
b",
""".ill God h.rl f"",kllo,.. l"d!,,,, of what ",,,, to cOme t,) I"'" iu
due hi,'o,ic,,1 ct:lo ..... , to "'l" Ibat G",I ",U Ill", the oI~C<' he ere_
awl ... ,,, good. would "'U"" ,hat 'hi' ,,"" alre .. I) ~ r,lel fuU of
poICn":.ij.;c . ,,-hiel> h",1 'Wl I'rod"""d (he 'p"[;<,.,cmpo"'~1 rOn""
flumee. from ,he "".<play he''''-'''' '' 'he logo;,
IIcllce, the 'crc.ti",,' of 'he dj,;nc "-;>do,,, "",I pn,,,,'id<ncc. b)'
"n,,,, of "' hkh Ihese bta", came ;"'0 bdng 'his k'", what God
MW '" a "gooo:l' ("'~,,,"'. Thi. ;" a dcijc",, po;"' of ,hi. cooe'l" of
en-ali"", W;<dum of God is callt'" bolh hi. bcgi"oing\<:u Son ~t>d
'he p,vdu"' of hi, erea, i,-" acl, ,,'h,d, c.me itl"-' !)eing od 'omb",i .
,be,r 'he 'oody' of h" So". '" J di>c,,'" ptTSC ll cl)".
\fhy ilia, '" th~ '~"",,,,,' ,,-ity) ,it~"" bta>t, ,hould tome imo
t,.jug i. kIIo,,''''o G",I "Ion. _ For f ;od does "othi"g 0\ , "~iJ) or " i,h _
"''' ...,,<SO,,: ",... " cl,,, r:dfu'g of. " ""U
,Ioc, 1101 'ake pia',"
"-i,1,0,,, (;.><1', p",,-i<kn,-.-. " TI'e'" is a ,..,awn' li" '''~~'lhing, ~ nd
,hi, rea<;01l i, ""0""" to G,~I alone, a 'rI'''''U - d...-d]'''g in hi ...-j,<I",,,.
So 'he ,he"'r ;" "I>OUl 'he e,emiou of ',c"""m' ,,-hieh mnkc "I'
,he Pt-mi.:I~"li:J C ...",,;"'o. Tlci. notion" ,u!(gc,'",] >loo in &is:
'I'"''''''
If
"I"" ,,""
.r""
in
'h~
!)"g;,,,,ing,
l,~
,ft."
,,'os
migh' l>e
w""
a,
w.""
w;,dom
...g to ......... ";.., ~ uAool ,,,, "'" u"-"-, ........
,~ ....~ ,Is. D' 0/1 ~ ,of. erot. .,....,. " .6.; "'" .t /0'; """;"
\6<>X'>""". o~"" <I~i~" ."", ''',,",' n.., .i~",' ; bu, 'he &." of
(;",1 IWn,..lf bccarl" God', I),,,~,,,,o' 00,', ... .,;,00...., \1roi; 1'""0,.."'<'
0,.1
"w
,h" .....
~-...
"",,1<
"""""'g
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0'1''''''
,.rio",
I"",. S,
22-
cr
., ~ I. XXXII':
"""If.., XI.\'II. " rouI<l be "'~""" '0 .,..,,~,"
.... bo. n,,,;' t.W-. l<.- _ _ I , I'bt<.W< ",n,,,pI;"". Should
~ , OOO.J ' 0 ,,",. , 'oX .. ' .. ~'''''-'<I ,;,,'pIy ,,,,," ""t"O\-".l ,Ilt
f.. ,m,. ".u "'~'
OM.. I,'h", "" I"" \t, .'""-l U~ ~ "'" idt .. ', but U,e .~. of,,,,,,Ooo. ~h"h
..... <Oru l.",h,,,,.h] 0,' <I"" ~...... In f"", .... u"" thr "rn,
f.x thH. "J"h. cl"'"~
~"''' ""hr-, of Arutoo-fun "''''''.,.,... er ., ,11_
,;am., '" IlK' .
' " $00 . ... ' 631> 19. It ~ ,__" ~><,<oIati" I~ opororior.> ~."l 1 ., ,,~~, of ,0,""
tkaI
thr ""'" ...... ' ~jth "" ... dtriOOn.
C.allll<g ~,;, , .phAnIaty' J Pbto .('.... 1'1. '. or. 'Un..g;""l' Ibm ... ~lUch thr G=L
,.." "", .. ' 1...... 11.3,6 od
~
cairo io.k.. "'iu,riIl,t. "I><"'~'"
~
""n,
o.-.vn
.w,.,.
q.-.
,,""
ft_,,.
'0
,I"
"'0""
""''1'"
cm.
V. 39.
" ...... J7.I. h . \~, p_ ~" .
.. 0)0. <iL,
~ ' O -I .
~.... 19. XXII, ~ I........
~ ~. 11. XXXVII .
w.
" IM.
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21_
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~ _2; .
"
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""i_
.. fif't.
.. "'. n<
~
"u>,. 2. PG 12 1100;
" .--7""'.
I, XIX.
" ~ 1; ,,1/\, 1""" ,.jp" 138_
" ", P,. 36; c..t, 3.
er
cm.
~,...
c,w',
I II portra)i ng
to"
,wo
nud "",, forth hi. 1Iot ;01' of 'conceptio",,' (or, idc",", i~i vow ' l of
\\"i...",,, , 11)' !hi, ' er", he ",fe,.. (o a:T{aill p...,.!kH"" aHrih" ,ed ID
th,' Soli .",h "S log,,,., Jigh', ,n" h, Ch';", kill!(. rcal "i"'r~rd. [''' L
a" d
bcgim' ing an,1 cnd, pamd e1<, propi1ia,or" co" "",ra1;""' ,
good. weat arrb'pn <" clc. ,,", ! poin,,,,!
i" the ptCliou, chap,
tcr. ~ II , he... app.. U.,ion. arc cal,,",! 'conccp,io",' which arc 'i n'
\\"i",tom, 'he)' an: abo calk-d 'n~m,," of ohe Soli'." T~ by no mea " .
pe"ao, to , h,' O" 'OIojr.. of th~ So,,: 'h~"y 0,,1), ,ig,cif) hi, ''''''OOI"je
r"" colou " i ,h 'n Ih" "orld _
la."
"u'
Ahhough "," Lo<"d J,.... Ch,.;" ;. 0<>< in 10;" 'ul", .. ,,, ,,,Id ;, noohU'S 0Ih<- , the" ~'" Sot, of God, ,"'-cnh," " ~, j, "'I" coc", 1 ~, ,,,.-iou,
.nd <fj,.'en u, ,he ~ ..... , and in", ..... of tl1<" Scripture.... . . . ~",ro.
fo,,-., tluo l.o<d !oun",1f """""'modo,." I", [<>nn ,,, co,.....""",,",''''' 10
,h.. ...""" ~",I tin-.. and " ..".;" ;,od;,'~I,,'" ,ou<litio", ' " , "
He :.!so 'l><alo; "f doe 'ol1<cl>' of ron,,mpl. ,jo,-, (e,.'I>'i~"'o of 111<tlll,h ' in order '0 'lId;. t" ,h. , ~ I .. , F",hcr do"" "v' ,,".11" '0 "Oll~"<
a" d kc,p ,h,m from di'I"'I>ing (0{, ",-,vhot. b .m~p '; d,i, i, "'h)" b..
",.k , 'he f,g,, '" of ,h~", ol~""" of coll1 empl.lti on ill the Ins"" ;"
n fo,m of '''"k hiDg ou,' (i"d)Tl''''' ~ lId this is ... h)" 'he 1"8< i,
calJt~1 ';""'g<' of tI ... in,;,ild" (;00'." It ;" ..... lr1''''~ l ... {I"" h~ 1'0" de" "po" 'he u"" of th e ",.,,,,1 'bdch "'"'' or 'd ''!(l)I!(':' "'0' -" ''),
",hieh i, ,'-' lid in Scril~ 'm: , " 11 < "'-cr> 'I ~" (~h<r "'01.. ."c h .,
'm)" 1" ~r1 h." pmjc<wl' of ' my heart h'" ,-,,,,,,",,d' migbt ""'m mOre
"vprupria{e; Y"{ il ''')~' ,[j'gorg<-d. Wha, he ae1u:dJy ,uggom i, {k"
lh . 'V",f1!(lu""tio,,'" of u.e.. ob....,,. of <oro1<"Olplatioo' ." 'he l.ogos
;, .", ",r ,,{ Cud , IL i. ,hrough ' he "''''''''' I'I. tiol> of ,I .. "" 'objcC(, of
<'o luo mpb ' io,,' th,. ""e ,,'ollkl '"",' 'he ~at h or ",-ho ll 1,e ",." th e SOil ,
T hi, i, th ~ "'!l>C iD whim U rigc" rcfocr< to th e ob....,,, of con_
' e>" pla{;':", of tb~ Logo,' I, ..... ",;, '-<rrov e,,,,p~!II,t""". " T ben.:f=,
, iD ' u., ~"'.dom:, ~.... {. XL'>;, '"""",. uf u., Son'; ~ _M-. (, XX,
M 11_0&. .. a-w, X IV, I. er ,he
"",ion in 1l_dK> .. ,;",a" V {L6,
11", ,~ ;.le. ,1 ~n" Chru""''I()' ~ full) <1 .... ,>1 lli -:;.. {, {X X ,
n
Col. 1. {~ .--]..... {. XXX\'{{(
~ Qootio!: "'->Int. ii. ~ l , ~ I y ... an ha> .. ,gmgtd .. ""'r'''''' ~-ttith ; , ~',
H Cf_ !tW, 1 , ~ , 2_ 'th<><
h.d I.oe<n ., ;, ~~'" ""w","d A",J
I""".....ral
~'. ~ ,_ ,"
~ c..t. l. h ~ "'" aOItntal tit" .... "Rn
,;,;",,~
,,,,,I in """ ~ l ~, noru<"!y Co&/, 3... """ P"'" ~-t.."" ." = p ~
pr<->d<-d
tile m,>/iea! ",-"nmuru.>n of , ... oouI ~~ Chri.c <::kn "g.m\e<i
,>ID<
er
e, ...",r
U_."",.
&....v.",., ..
.wu.-
,,-h", <".tme illto be ing Ollt of lIo "'being WlU a )",o]'i,u(lo' of ',,-i.,
,10",' ,,,,,,,iu. '''''''Olls' ~, 'form. \'W"'" , "'"l n ")""00111 of
coo 'e.,,,io", I0 ""'~~" '''' vo~~ 6 ,,,,,, " aoo:1 .ohje<:" of """'''''' ~I ," ;"" .
(9,..,.,~~",,'<\' "hich " -Co ' made 'in " -i"Io,,,'. ,I,,-y " -Co ' caUcd \,-i"
,10",'.100. alld placed, a, i, "'""', inth< \\",O<I"m of G od_ 'he Ilody
of ,10, So ", a,,,l,hey ,,,,broid~rcd' d,,,, Ilo<l y, h i. a~"'''' l illg '0 th;,
I.ttOCT coucel'tion ,ha' in 110, 1',-.."..:rI" Wi><~"" ;, ",id to r:.:: 'cn:~ted'.
H"nce Origell', cone<l'tioll of 'eo,,,i,,g iuto bci"g Out of 1I",,_being'
PC"";'" (0 ,be prw';,ynrW/
,,-hid, ;s ;,. It.. di,';nc lif~. Th;, js
'he oc .... in which ,he ~II i. ,,,,,~d a, 'ereatu[1', alohough most cert:W~)' Origtn'. 'eaching i. the o" """,,,lin!!: co" "'cr_poi,,, of ,,-ha'
kn<no'1\ '" Ariani.m."' On ,ha, a""o\II " he rtf,,.,. '0 "h"
I"tet
tu--tl",m of all cre",ion' In, in C<>I. 1. I.'}, ,,- ho .", ,10" <>1,1"" of all
cn'a".cJ l.';'ngo ,,"1 __ ,;, ".-as 10 bim ~.a' G,.I .....1 of the Cf"aooo
of "">n: ' Le' '" mak. mall in v,J< im.g< ami tik~ne,'-'" f"c ',,-imm '
i, l<'g""lcd "" 'create," ill d,e 'l~~l)" of CI,N,.
T I",,,,fort. it bc<o",,, p l~j " .... h", Orige" "'<~'" wbeu bc n:gnNh
,,-;><Iom nol only . , ,h e I~''''''' of 'he Son, hut ~bo as t! C01\,,'''' plaUOl\ ""d :'I~,,,,h" ,,,,i o<' of Ik ,Ii";",. ,hut!\'. 10 is u1\possil~e to
apprellcnd God ''''k'' ,hrough hi, "" i>dom, hy re"",," of th e hc'
,h"t 'h< Father h,,, fimne<1 ao<l placed 'he "l'pn:he,,-,ioD uf ,rutL
,h,,~. nu. ;, ,h~ mea ning of the ..,riptu ral .aying lha' i, ;, oul),hrou~l, -""eutg ,I,, So" ,hat 0"" t)ugh, 'sce' tb e E "bcr," siuce ,he
Son i, bted to ,he "'-orld "" ,h,- I.og<l> rc'-caling God ."d il i. he
"ho ,,~, 1'f>'S<'''( i" aU ,h< tlu<pluulw ",corded in 'he Old T"","mcm _
'n,o", '011""" of cOllloml'btio,'- 9,<pi\~"", w,,~ f"n ncd ~ "d
placed iu the ,~,'in' \\;..-Iom 0" , of au act of oLc Fatloor. Till> j,
"h) . t ..,,,'" I"""" ,I,.. SO" is "a,",1 :,s 'c,-"at" ",'" al'hoogh i, ;,
al", c~'a rl) cn"n"ia,"d ,h,,( 'he So" is not a c"'~,,,"', The 'objcc"
of co",empb, joo' <o""i",,< 'h~ '<Iceo",,,ioll' of \\'..-lom 'he Son ,
",..Ii<m
bea,,,,,,
u.--
~~::: ::::::'I~XI",
.. ~"rqr.<d<J.,
Ii. """";,""
.. cm.
CIW'I
to"
IWO
wl., ;" qui,e "f"'" p",jio:.,,,d tJ.,' 'he >eri)~uml adj<'<.tn'e 'multicmb",i
(Ierc.l' .o~u.oi . J.o.;,," [n ' he obp" ,)/" contemplation la,<t>pI)~ata)
aud O. ,he '",,,,,,,n,' lAlr/,n\'"'
cXJ~"ba'iott of ",,,,), 1, ;"8 ;tt ,be
"odd con 1", fOund , ' [n;, ;, 'he "'n,,,, in ,,'h;d> ,I", n....... '",;;do",i, "t>pli,,j nQt OI,l)' 'he &'" of God, a. a I'<'"",n, I~" .J><) the him:l
<J.t:- or ,be re.,.,u, according to wbieb 0\",)1hiug call be explained
:lUd , h", de~rl'i kllo,..".
Tt.o.e ",,,,,,m;' ,,'ha, Coo cre",,,d;n tI>e heginning. Takjng i",o
aero,,", Lt .., the lI' ""~' ",c~ns hUlh ',,"om,' .,><1 '",,,,,,,,, . O'W,,',
,;.;..- i. ,ha, thc.o: MJU/ are ,h~ word. u,""""l by C od ",he" h" "''''
"I"'~killg '" hi, So"
'he "~),,,e," of 'he """"io" or 'he ,,'orld
according to I';""",i" '1'1 .. ,1,6)<>, of God an", from 'he crea,il'(:
rt""r#jror, 0" , of "'hi<b 'he ,,,~ioJ, of 'co", i"g ;"'0 ilCing ''''' or
1>on -I><';"g' 1><1f~n lU ",ako ",."..,. It is ,"TWinly Go<l "ho b",ugh t
them int" .."ing. b LU th. act "f ,hi, 'c"'~tiQ '" ;" I><>,,,")"<d a, a"
~"'crnncc' of 'he Fa,her to th< Sou , ' [1,es< ~'''Cnt''C'''' (in Greek ,
~, mean, ' ''t1ern"c-eo'' 'wordo" ,....d a, ~....,n") i. ",ha, ""tu
all)' cd"' .. ""0 beo'g 0<" of ""n.I",O'g.
Tl", 'oI~U of cO"""OIplatio'" ... ,,1 ",...""s dt:co,.,,~ Ilt" 1....1)'
"f "i.",,,,, and .re "",imil',ed to 'p",ciou, "0''''',' ('.iliut 'i~,o,), )"'t
l;"; ng onN.'" It ,bould Ix- cu.pru..;"1 ,)~" althoLJgh ,he", '''one>
an: regard1 .. li';11g. 'his life i< 'k~ 'he life of any011e ot her than
Co<l: 'Icis is lhe d;,"",' lif< of the \l'i,,<lo,," )' .",<If. th'" is. lhe hr.' of
the So" of Cod, as ~ 1;";"8 I",rso"~l ,,,I"",ntial i nC<''1'<',,'~l hyp<~ta.
,i" Sp<'~ki'>g of "10'"'''' itl the plural, " 0 no,ion of 'di"i"COon' OT
',b,;,;io,'- i. implied : th. ",p,,"";on i, '..-for.... ce '0 incocp"rcal
"~'u"". iu ,.,-Iliclt 'he "mion of'dj,,;,io,,' mal", ""
Accordo'gl). ,h~ ",ahly l",nm)'<.1 here is ,he di,,,,,, O"~. There
i, no corpore.l n.tu,,- ~ nd Ihen: is no "'orld a' "11. It i. God "loo
1;"'''': f(,c 'life .-i, h"ut " I~.cly i. found in 'he Tri"i'), alone ... T he
i. only God ~'ho ;" ~'i,h<>'" part>. ,inc. h" 'is e",i.-dy 0<10 .nd , im
plc' 10 e.-&; ~ .. oOV .<iVt'll Cv '",iv rut ,,~/,o\,v ," EH" ,be I.ogo.
(wl", ex"", in ,;",<1,... """ ;" '0'" aI,hough he ",onp""" mab) oIti:"
of con"mp].,,;o ... ,'arh of ,he", u!)(i,'''''ood a, pon "f th,' Log",'."
m.
a'
"'''>c,
~
O'
CtI.. VI.
n.
er I Coc. 1. 12, N,'v, I,. f: '8. 12: 1'<. 18. 1I;:IIl. f: ",c.
fuo<, Il.n.
_Joh..
~~
1. XX ,
..,~.v
T hi. i, 'he , m" ""hieh Origtu cat'" ' bl;" IW""-PlOflW," by ,h;,
poi"lh' g 10 Ihe """~') of the dj,,,,,,' I;J,' , .. ,h. "~Ie "h.", lh. tlOlioD
of b.; i"g oU' of """.b.; i"g' had t"'l!"" W m.ke """,e" 'Il,. 'Cml,
'11", h" .,,, I\I)"
or \'1" \" ... are uocd :.I.",, " In th i,
co",n' be ",feI'< '0 '1.b. holy on<> If"", iryiuw) who
eOlllpk'dy
immal",,,1 ."d inC<'!JX>re,,1 ~fe in bli,,"," It !J,oul,1 he a,I<k<1 hen:
,hal ,b . lern' 'I h" hol)' on"" t"", irr''''\') 1'0iu", 10 11" , "",Iil)' of ,h.
<"'" ""P""'' .
Ii,,,,,
,[i" i"" h"liJl~", I" lhe <an,.. \'Cin , lhH. i, f<f~rc'",e to b<,.;om ing '"
ci,ur n of ' h" holy pbce) of G ,,,!' , 'he lenn 'holy' being " n< "' ~r,
no, " maruin" a'lj<,,'i,'c. It i, " I"" in ,h i; .. 'n", ,h"t ,'a,em",,"
0110<11 'i1O\'i' ible c,,>lute>'" ,hould be unde"" ""'!. Thi, i, why he
h,., "0 h",;,,,,iao i" calb"g thc"" ,rea",,,,", 'Ihe i."1;il ,l,, Ihj,,1:' of
Co<l' no;:;
"'~ e.o~ .nd '.'cmal ,"",,', ,".. hi,h arc 'elc"''']'
(ni"",i", ,, , hy "inu,' of 'he facl 111al ' h'!)' an' 'illl'i, ihk' rope",,,;; ,"
,hat ;" l><'Ca"'" lhe"" 'creat",,,,' an' i" the di"ine realit)" Since. a'
,hb ""~'C, all)' t<mpordl notion i, ,"ch"k<l. i, i. ol)l'~)U' d"" 'eteT'
"a]' indicale. the q"alit)' of being in lh,. di.;". ~fe ,.- Iuoh i. 'etcr
""I', Th.. h'n" 'ch'rnal' in Ihi. cos<'
a qud;!l' of bc;Ilg '110'
any '1 U'llI il), of tim e lhA' i" no' ,~'crl"'li "g ().f I~'gilllli"gl< .. ,Iura
tion\, , iuce dumlum i!>Clf i> cxd ll(hl frolll ttml ",tte,
T he f" lI(la",,.,,,al dl ",acterutic of lhis di.,,," "'''~ry ;, '" oiry' ~ "d
'ag""me"". Thj, ~ "",uall), th e kiJl(I of u"it), thal applie, 10 lh
.--..I.um) of Ib e Son '0 'he Fa,her, T o d"p;<1 d,i. " Oil), ".., a 'a,k
"'K",<kd b)' Orig<' '' , ignif'" ,,,"' '"lough a. I" dL"'-" I" '''l.er"i,' nal)"
4<.0""'"''
'"!(l;'''''
I" 'he ~ght of lhi, lO uity (and alt hough the radica l di/lertnee of
,,'i.dom fm m ",haI ".,.. c"'~l<-d h", t",c" cko<l) poi,,,,'" 0011. p:<i-"'g<" ,u<h a. rn" folh,'i og co" ld 001 r~i... do"bi; or 'I''''Slim,,:
110...... ,,"' ~ si>!<r of ",-,,,,,!Of 11", t'athcr "''''' owl< iocoopocoain.>lorc,
n,-,de I",r '00, "U' 1><" it i, nOl 11", Son of God ~ hu ~ ''''''''H: i, i.
,)'" """" n~obli.on <>I' t1>< ~ a,.l
:.0 "cl! .. ",hA",....
!!Xi,,,, in ~ ;,,\0," , "'1",,1,, r i, i. I." '0 d<.> "iIh j,xig<",,,,,' 0< '"'".. ~ ' nC<' , "
..,,,,,,,,,<aI!..
.'\X,
CtI!, \ ' 1, H ,
"
" ~,
19, XXII
I, :-':1'11 .
.. fA<, \ '11 , J7,
\'11. 7. ...., -]Mo. ~. :-':I'll
" ..I('".
Gm 11, I ; 1-. 1lGt', '- 16, 1'1" 3t.7--11;fiO<,
.. ......JM<.
" cm.
r..
.. <vI'"" /,
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'''rn'
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""'!'"'!i'!' _s
u -.cl'm.\); '.
'i~
..
W 'I -_ - - ...
',\IXXX 'I 'IXXX 'I 'HIM': ' 1 '.\IXX ' 1 'XX 'I
" ,, "'"
' L \~ "~,,,
.>q '~lI",rurl ''''e'' >L11 pnp. ' ''0 " !'I'!_" ".'1' '!"!,~"'".n: Lp " !,, I, "! 'I
u" "",,,,,,,
'" ._.a.:.JU"'"' lL""" J;~ "'JJ" 0' liUloli" >q' 'I" 4-'1
"l J" ->['I~l
lL"" "'4 1'","d.>Jd . -""1 lP' lUOIAI,\\ '.1).I(YI ''I' JO.{ V"Y I ~Il'
!laJi.,,!! 'l""'J 1~,,"'n'J J" JI'l~1 ~ .. P"Y pu .. pu~ ~\{1 ,p~"'" "'1"
"'-'ql 01
~'I '<11" " I
"'OI""!-" JO 'W~"'l' ~'{ I Slupe'OJd 'rue,
I"""~ ' !4' Qlcll,u! 0'1_" "'!-"lCl ' ! l~ '"'11 ~,,~, .. ',"' ''-'.'''1 JO '''op
_iiUl~, ''I' 0 ) "~P' "'~uO '"'(fl" U! <,oo!"I.,..." '1 '1' J O UL"-' "1' " I
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"1O!"L).u>d J",)J'~f' P 01 '''1'''1 [I! )1"1 -".If'!''' .. ')I~ "'l'.JO..,.,Jdi AJ" !'I'lIJJ
><1 '.I"'J. ~LI' JO "" I' J 0 .1I'~ LJ Il!l' "'I, Y' II,,! "10,,,0., "1' J >q l!~ "!-l 'I:J 0,
lI".,i[dd _
"I 811L~ 1 ;>w,,, '4' "I' l(~' ,0(,1' JUO " Idw"', ~ J(), [ -"'W,"'
'''I ;>l!""!",,,W 01 "1'I~"~i IOu <! " ' uOS '''1' (pU!~" '"O\.J."I ,,,,.,.
'41 0, u '~lI , ..l (n"nU"' ' UOf'\l,\\ JO ,um"lnuoo '''11 n~ ,!~n01{lIV
'hlOl"'.\\ Ol .0&1 1
><1 ' Y' 1I<)!"'PJ ' Lp )n" l!"!lU!",1 " ! I"'. VU!) JO liu!''l 1" .. 0<1"",. ~4'
U! 'OSo-1 ~4' J" ..., ,,.. aJd II'!I "I' 8 Ll ~\"Ju"'l ,~ '1""1 J"~[' " ~H
..,'_"""0" """I' f'IJ'4 -"l
r ue", '1'''1.'' l~o.>"I ~I' '''OP'')'''~ ~, ""<>:1 _"",.~~ "" U!"~"" .>01'
00,110 '''!''OO 01 I'!P>" .. I' "",);>1' ~H ",m<i!J.>S .lOl' " ! I~)I'OJ "l"t)
J" "U'!'"n><id" 'Jp "'"! >J!nbu! ". "P.I<) U! "'I"'rmm JV ~"''H ''''_~
'4 ' JO u~tI ~lU~[ ~ 'PD~[' >Lt '1I,!,~1 '!Il' "IIP-W " "I "'~O """ 0
'fX'!)
JO uOS
~'l'
'PO '''I 'udwo, =[['1\" """'"'I 'pup' ,,, .h;..., '''''';'11'1' .'[1'""') "".,,
" 100 '! '''O!''''!''!I' J" '',,!100 P. ;><1 ,,' "'l.>.>i ""'~'P JI 1)""""1 "'''1'
.'!.'" JO ~>D~"''l t'" ~'I' u! 1I0!'~\ !P
.'ue ~'>\\I""IJ"! lVI' up ""1'
.' !." 0, 1.,! ~ld~ ""~,,!p,>JtI >1lO!-l~" "1' ' 1nl' "w,'u ' !4.1. "" ..:>.)Im"'I'"
u, "()""""'~I' .' "~ " I,lw! "',,"'os "'I> 01 p.>l lI q"". ,,,,,,,,b,,,(), "'~'I'
' "'\' ....... ~!t .. pTn011' , ,,0 ()Oe ' ~'I'
'''1' 0, P.>II~'> .. O()!><"'''V
'pIlQ 'I"' ,,-,><1
'"'!"I''' ,,,b!,, ,, ' iq "li"dll'! '! ""1' JO" 'II,'!,; "11 y ) "'''''' 0 "1'
~!"'IIIJ ! ,011 ""1' 'I"!~).U.) ' I Jl""" LI L"'~"~" ,~ IIO!,~' ! P JO nO!L'!"!1'
J() 1I(),,()U ~"" '(I')w, ,0 (1 '""1) "'0"." J() 'u()!"h,""" J'> r.1" '''U.
'OI ."()n~ld\u"'''()j JO '1'''''10 'O()"~., J'> ",,,,<.,.:1.(11.
" it' " ' OI"!.I\ l>JelI .... 0' II.~!JO "Q Il~ q'I'I" '''1<1'', '' U! ~n!"!~,
.,~,~i '" 'O~'!p '4' ft ' IM"!""'ltI 'q' y ) ",,!,O ll "1' '(1"',"!='oI ' ! ' I
1'''''''''
'''''J
" ,.,,~.
'!'l'
"
.~()LLV:"'" r ~LL~"'".'O ~ d
.,u
CIW'I
to"
IWO
of him. Thi. i.... hy Christ 'i, 1101 ' ho ,amc ",'hen h ~ io nam<'<I b)'
(,)nc<~'i oll' of him' lot. ..,ta tlA , "''''''(''. ;, ai",~.' " Thi> 1I0n _
,,,,,,,ne,," OIe"" froM' (he diff"",,, f"oc.;"", of ",~ l.ogoo ;" "'I,'lio"
to 'he ",0,1,1 .nd (hi. di(~1'<!"cC o( ("""",n, pnoduc,.. di(fi"c," m,,
e"!,,ioll' of lh< 'i,,". O';~CII ;. dea, lhal ocyoll d (he (,"" 'wo COII_
<g"io ," of (he '>oil which pertaUl exd ,, ";,..,l)' '0 hirll>clf Ith "' i.,
Wi"lom .nd l.<>g<" the "tbi,d :wd f(,~rth" COIl C,,!";O'" of the So"
a .. in fac, "impo>ed "pon <fea,ure. b.,. 'he Log""" '" .in they",''''
t",m 'he ("'><:1"'" uf 11,.. l,ogoo in ""1",,'( of ,h., ,,'odd .
li ke",;"" 'he So" .. ap~~ o"ly ,..h"o h" .. <o"""i,'<'<I a, lI"i,.\ol11 :
he i. ,,," aPl~ "" h, " be ;, Ct",coi,'ed as l.og"" So UO oue ohould
be "''1"i",d, ,ha, the Sa,;our, ;" ",'r ~~id hefort, ;, many gooo:l.
(.oU6. a1<'M ""d ,hore are ",;\1,.,. CODUI"ion> of hiru, onc
ooe
"",-o,>d, 0"" ,)oj"I";'" tor ";r ~")'o'w is c~I".hl< of ..-",w,i";"g ,b<,
hid<kll (ru,h of ' ho Scrip(ure, he migh' ~,>d ,he r"n 'a "S" ~ lhe
concg";''''' which arc fo" ud , her<"; ye' J (~) U(~ ' hink he will fi "d
Ih ~m all.'"
T lw concl,,';on is ~' ''' "if
"~"",iJl<' l';u!lS,,, kiJ>gl) .n ,h" 001\"'l"io'" of"'" &'11, he ,,-iU find ",a' he i. n-gank,j "" "PX~ o,J),
in ,,' 1Il"c1, a, he i. ,hough, of a, "-;,,,~,m: h~ "0""01 be "'!!"rdcd
'" ,; px~ et'C ll if he i, concei,..,./ '" l .og'''. ~''
\\b., O, i ~o ... ioh .. t() (I<11OIe h"" i. ,ltis: the "-,,ip,urol '(Oil'
"'l"ion,'
of 'he Son ,boul(1 1>0' piattd io " cl""u",,1 rang".
Th~'y """d ,n on 'onId,'" .uch '" Wi"'~"n
1.(~I ~fc-Truth
.1 "stic..-... Cl",'" T his ,u("(",,,,'on i, iOl'g and hi, oo",,,'t'o " '" (h:. ,
h""...,"<, ,,-011 m")" OIlC ,'ud)' ' h ~ Script"'" he ,,;11 DO' ",,,,,,,u'~i)' b.
nble to oay th., Ite It .. li>u'MI .u tloo (oocq"io"" of (h" ~D. lu du.
'o"kr' ,;.ch co"c~l'lio" is "'I,., i, .. '01> ;.coouo,' ~De ' 0) of "'k "
th . pn-,;"", <o""el',i"" in ,h,' """""ss'o,, i "<1ic~",.'" 11, i, 1Il"~'"
th a, .och concep,ion in ,10. omor " LIIl(ic'"'tt)()(i '0 be '1>,,,,,<10" ill
,da(;"" to lha, ''''' ' '0 il, '1'1"", ""i,dom' i, a concep';"" or ' h e Soli
fi,.."
0''''
t",V"""\
,. .--/"', I, XXXJ.
, .--0...,2,
n' ".,.J""'.
X\'(\'.
I, XJX.
: :=::: ~~I
.... I, XXXI
n. -J-h.
I, xx; I , XXXI
,.
,,-hich is, a, i, "-on,, 'bruad., ' ,han ,hat <J; Logo., which com .. ""t.
For Lt'!,"'" "w"," il, aN~' . whic h meaus. 'he I.ogo. ".,.. 'il, Wi,,~)m',
,;,,,,e il is 01'-'" \\'i"k." "'ho CM be ro,,,,ei, ..,d a. 4P1:~ ' O nc< lI"i,d"",
<otll~i", . ..., to sp<" k. ,h, Logoo, i, folio,,, ' h'" Wi,dom i, ~ CO''
C"l'lim, broadec ,han tl~" of Logo . So 'he I.ogoo cam,o, be regarded
., p~~, ,il,<c '; PI:~ i, a c01l<<"I><io" 'broaoo" th o" t he I.ogo .
\\" i"~),,, is & PI:~ bec""", il,,, i. G(~r. w;"~)m h",.,clf ""<\ i" f" U,
"hile l.<>gm alone e""UlO' be rom;dered " ' "' Ihll manifcom,iort of
C"d', "'isdom . lI"isdom i, PX~ lorta",.. ,he Ca ll I,.. m~"if,,,,,,.,j ...
I.<.>g< " "d to be C<)mp",h~Il'kd by Ih" erea'; "" ,h," w'u mad< 'i ll
"-j,.d,) ,,,'. She i. o:p ~~ bcc~",e . he co," ,ai", th e I.og.:, obe ca" he
"",,,if,,,,,,,1 .. Log".. SIoo (o"miu. ,hi: I.ogo. 1'" ,hi: i. no, comaj" ed
in him.
'l'h i' i, Ill<" S<' ",", iu "'loich ~\" l..ogoo C~" llQl 1><. [hough' of ""
"PI:~ - 1,'8'" i, a p""icuJ.r, "" to -'I~,ak, man ib,aliuu of "' isdom,
bee" " ", la, >1at-o<1 iu J ob n I, I th< LoS'" ,.-'" i" O:Pl~ , " .m<ly he
w,,", iu 'he WOOo"'. It " .,.. " 0' ,Ioe ,,isdom ", ho wa> in the [.ngu.:
i, " '"'' ,b" Logos "'10,, ,,,., iJ, lI' i.dom,
In Lk" m:'tu",r Ik Logos is oro;,<kr 11."" 110,. u"", conceptio".
""md)", 'life". For lif"
made in ,h<; I ~,!!O,-.LL'
So (he 1 ~>gO' i. t he \I""(~)m of (',.,><1 manifc,,j in "" b . ""'r
(Iom ' he ran be p"",en-ro bl" rmion.J (",,l'u n:'. C"',<1;on com. i",
",, ;'>o.Ji,). ,,,,d il ;, 'b rougb ,bis r.tionali,), ~'aI c ..... uon """,if"",
0",1', "' isdom . "'gai ", (he I~,!!o> is God', "";d"m ,h,,( c"'a ,,,, life
alld <a(ion"l i '~'" 1,'1(0" i, ' he di.-in< m:.nife>"uion. (hruugh "h ieh
m ,~ ",al c",,,",,,,, ,"crn-" a him of C<><I', ,,"is d (~n . becau>< 'ho I,>go<
;, I\'.. dom h,,""lf nmuii<:;,cd in ,Ioe ,,orkl.
TIll'''' ;". lb",,Fon:. 00 <tiff""''' .... U, "..,,' ''"'' b<-I,.-,,," \\"i '<lo'" ,,,,d
I.<.>g<i nei,hcr i, ,h"re ~ n ) ""uA<>gic~ 1 da,.;Fk,.,i"" of Ih,",. ,im p ly
beC" " '" ,h<r< i, no ."b,.' a"tial di"inction b,,' ,,-ee n ,h ... n a, . 11 Thc ir
,L"inc';"n i. onl)' an i,,,U<.;,,, al " " c. T bi, is "'h)' , b ~ i" lI e " aoou,
c""<<1't;011> of 'h<: Son. ),I or==, i, WlC'O without SiI)'ing 11"" 'hen:
;" "0 " ",ion of '''''IJO", I d",inC1io" I"" ",",,, 'hem ince 1",,10 ,h...
<""""I'tio", c~i" in ,h1CtnporM life of Cod.
'w.,
~:;'-'
1, X I X,ji]"',
,I.
ill
()""k J..., ""'..".. """ ~ith "'" knn "I,,!!,,,' ,......... no. "'f'<A~' ~ ongn,',
nvrion , .... , 'r>lion..ol ,,,,.,u,,,: 1J.ur< ,,g an- , .aIk-d '" """"" or thtU- p.utidl'Ahon'
in "'" I""", or God; .,
CIW'I
to"
IWO
.,""<,
q""..
"".>dl,
," 0;,..>oo.J;' tilt """ '",(On,' ;. " .. d ;0 k.<II<' .., rlk'. j "~ to. tilt ..,., J
~ ","nU" nnbon. t"". .";'<1;' ~ ... ' h'g 'I,&n,' ..... k.'. "" """" in ",un' ~ lU<h
~ tim<b. "11... ~ an ~ 1"',/,oIern ~'"' h Orit!<n hom",lfww .. 01 <h<~ ,
.. ..,..
......".... 1. XX .
.~ Jnhn
'"
I. l.
I.
X~"'.
' '"' to
""""ce
ti,,.,..
""l'
.......
~"""
m _ ..JoIo., 2, XIX .
~ _ ..JoIo., 2. "Till.
,~
I ....
....
...,t"....
tU""""'""".
tI,.,
". li .,
,~
lloot
2, XX\' nt .
2. X'Ut,
" ~ 2, XtX_
,~
~Jh-
...
'"." -~ 2. X~"' .
T hen,fon:, Qlle ,-'I f> .peak of 'c ... "",rel,. life' (H11r i f> ,he <"", <x,
of 'he "",ual <rea,iOT' . It i. onJy 'hen ' hm 'he l1O,jo " of -",hen'
I](>g~, b .r "'ith
"f 'di"enlHG"io,,'
10 ",,,ke "'''S<:. Th~
"" c ul"O!d " 'hen n .. ~ ,,,n', ,am" ;n,o ~.,i"cnc". 'llcf<"c' d", a<;,u,,1 rre
a,ion, ' he lIo,ion of 'lifo' appl"" 'a 'h~ di,;no I,f" oOl lr. ~ or ', he
Fmhe r ~ life a ncl 1",lIg life, he le" fon h life' ami God, .' I~c,
b'a l,li..h1 a rebti on to r,<1ioual ere""" .... '" he ",;Uetl to henefit
,h,.", ,'" ""d "" . hi: brough' 110"", imo ex"",."ee',' "
A, 'hi' I"';'" i, i. imp<lf'''''' to eo",~lcr a dO<'";I''' of <rea' ;o",
,,-hieh I..."n" '0 " and do .... to ,I,", of OngclI . T hi, i, ,h. <k>e,nne
o{"ak ,"iUL". ' GH<"tic "hol1l Origcn ' " acb b)" n'llle mall)" ,imcs.'"
T he doc,ri"e of ,,,.., ,,,ion of \"ajcmi,,", .. ,10'" ,,"aiL,ble '" lh.
'/iIUIfli.' '/'ri/JmhiuJ from 1\"8 Hrun mndi. G"d', t>tiug i.. "o""',;'-e,1 ,...
d'~ ... lol'iog 0'" of. pri",.1 my",e,;ou, uni,y in,,, ~ .." i., of
or 'ac,,,,,', c<>lk..-_,i\'Cly ".lIed -th" '~~f'O'Il([' or 'f"llnc,,'_ 11," .. ~n
ing 1\<)'''' ;" a P" ""''' 10)" wl,ich the m)..,<rio"" Godlteu,l am"cd at
degree ;""01Opl<le.
a robCtption of him"'U; ,,hieh 10,... to be in
Tit .. proress i,
""pe.,ed ~"d prod """..... ,i., of P"""'''', "h;cb
are ,\01 " '~'" '''I'''''IS of f" OCbon, of ,h<: f:odb,.ad, bu' are. ,.",10"'<'<1
,,'i,l, I"',,"-,'~,lit ic. ~"d " 'ill of ,h<:i, 0"'" 11", a, th.,", mowd """)'
frum 'h< original "ni,y "",I aC<luirc<1 a db,inct in,ti,;,lual fom .. the
,Ii,'inc perfection w .. progre;>in:ly limi'ed or dil uted '0 lb. poi111 '"
" h;elo aewai error or , i eO<.lld aris.-: "U lbi; ;0 wo'" .,"mal p"'tcmp<,r~ 1 ,ta ,e I",f"", ,hi, lo ...cr world .... a. ",;"a k. ul ) crca'1.
,\ ccunl;"1r to \,~I,,,,i u ,, . God ha, ,,11 ,h,- ~"';h,, ... , tI"'t makr fQ<
I"'rfectiOll . God ', ""'i h,"~,, ]"'''-'' '<C. can o,d)" mi.mr ' h ~ d;'; Il~ hf.
if thq ,I"""",h-., "<qui", life "nd C()",ciQ" 'n"". lIu, ,hcD they fall
",to "rror bj-' fOcg>:1bnlr Ih ..if """ lh"i,,,,io'" ""d the;,. need of each
ot her tQ rcprc,",n, ,It .. "hole di,';"e fi,iJ'kOS> .
T h" "'ag Ih mmadi 'l'rocltlioi '/TipatlUl<, p",,;,ko a '"lllt ... hl. a lld
>ugg< ..t;"-c n"';o" or Val,," ;n,,' doctrine, wlt;';h nu,," O> ll hi: cO""
,,, ..,cd ...i'lt tha' of Ori KCIL
Firsl, On""" " I]",,~ for nO ,I<>'"lo]>",eol in 'he ,Ii';n" bi:iog-. 'n,err
is "" pro..-"", 'hf'<>Ugh "hirh G,~I ch""!!,,, in hi, "'1)' I,o.i,,<;, '" an)'
,ha,
,,,,tU
1'<>""'"
It",,,
,p
,~
"1(".
fi)fM. 11.
IIil
r..., 11, ~7, -J-, 2, );1\"; ....}, 10, 17; ....1.." 2fj;,frIM<, 78; lr..t.; 2.7,
12, 12, 12, 23:fi~ 1/; ..0", II;~, 21, 'I; .......". 20', 3., 39.
_If..,
,~
'!I
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1''''''''''
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' . c.;"
VI, 3.1.
"",,,,,,,,-,i.
'" Ck"""",
or
}~
" . , _ , 1.6.1.
C R~~\T IO "
OF THE WOR LD
I" om", lO c'IJO uml dw ",o" rep' of , 10,' r ,dl. '"e .110,,1,1 "'kc uuo
ac<u"'" ,10" ro.lily <alkrl the O1"t" b<fQr" ,",c.,ion I'" 'pO yrvi-o'a>; . L
Thero ;" 0,,1,. oue "c",,1 m<"Hi.ug wtuch the tenH ' liF call h~,"C
whe rl aw1ic<1 '011 ... , ",,,lit)": ,h i, i, 'h e di';Hc lif< . r oe ill ,ha' ,L~'e
(h"rt i, no act ual world: . uh""q uendy. ,hert ;" <I" corpoo-("ali,)" a nd
rinw. ,,'10;"10 ~". ;,ne""","" "' i~) rh .. acl",,1 "xi,wI('" of ,I", " ',,rid '
What thc",f..,re 'he, i, (h" TriHi t~" "H"" 'lif., "itho", I~"')" C"H
be l,m",1 in ' he TriHi.), alone'.' I b~,." ptointerl OLII. IICl"Cr1hcb .
(h~' O rige" hold, " nOliol( nboL" ,/" wi.do", of G",I a. a ' m ulti
embroider,,,I ' Onc I.~u""i"""". '" iu Epic S. 10 '. ' Il,i, i"'plie' "
"01;0., of '",ullilU'io-. '11,;" ", ulliw,lo- . bo "',~",,. ,\oe. OOt :diu,I,' lO
aH) di,tinc(ioH' ,[,,' i, i, i"'l"""iI)k '0 <p<~ k of. 1"'" of "h., i.
inco rpoT'C~1 or to rn~.c aDY dj";,;o,, iH ;," S,ill ",i"lom i. a -l i';"g
incol'jJOrtal hn""t"i, of ,'a,io\l ' object; of comc r"pbtioo.' "hi<b
....e 1,,1<1 10 'CO"''';'' Ill" ...,,",,'" of ~""'1" loj"g.'
I" , .....1-"""
1,.lling ro",,~",, ( On 'he 1'1",.", of 1'.,,,1 '''"".
lik" """f"""".-I
.
, " .. re in QU< n. ",n ' child",u rJf "' r~th': '
,1,,.,,, ;, "
W< do u'-"' k,no,.. ",L. t "'0>< ~'I", ;,,,Nd,,,"< ,'''' ''''''''l .1>,,,,, '1~~tual
'''''''''"' i,tin~ ;"
l"'giJ,nu'g ,'""old ,,,,,,,-er 10 ,be 1",)iogJ 'Wc.
~ k " "'1";'O'~ ' <I .... we .... in 01" ,,,,t,,,,, chiltl",o or ~ ,.11,' . For I,,,,,, i.
it j""';h\e "" ~ ~"'orL< "'h" i. b)' """re s.m 01 God 'Q be <alll s.m
'or ".-ra,n"> r" ,hi, too "V." reply_ Hu" . ", ",""",H 01 0"" 'hody 01
~wni]j.tio,,. we tlou .... "" ~a'" become 'cb",i.n::n of ~"'th il, OR'
"",,,,,,'. ~ I "'n '-"" muod ' ~", I <il.,:. ooc ),0",10 I""", uKtiD1 (o"",,rd
"'il lh;,'g>~ . 1; Sf .. 'l\or'&"""" '/""ft ~ "'" "'" oi Ml,,,,,. ""~
"'<
/1"',
!-:ph. ~. 3_
['I,ll. 3, 2J.
G.". 8. ZI.
ClIAJ', u.
nil''''.
'iv,,,,,,,,.
'0
,h a, ,hi. i, not
""il"~n,ion"l
a, all .
Mal\)' ,h i"go h.n l>n .., id aloolJ' OriS""" ",y.,i.;i"n:" ye' ,h,,..,
aual]",,,, are ac,,,all)" .Ir.",,, from wh., h< cXI'rC'",.1 hilll", lf. Orige"
" ',,, b"" nted hy 'h e fear tha, be rI' ighl enu ncia,e m)~tk,,1 pt"rtq)
,ion, ... hieh hc "'''' 1\0' allo",..ct '0_ Hc "'" ~I".. y, I"."ring in mi",1
,h a, 'he", aT" ce nai n ", ),,,io.1 ' n llll . , ... hieh God 8"""nled ""mc 1>>plc-, yet h< fon".. lc tho><: 1><01'1< to "ttn ,h <", tnl1h. ruon.L He "'
aI,,'ay. ,l1i".ing of ...1"" I'alll "')~ i ll 2 Cor. I~, 4
'i" dr.hl<
wo,..I>,
mab i, prl)hibi,e.j from ""eri"s'.
..\J; ~ I'",,,, h"r, h. al"' .)~ f..l, hin.",,1f Oil Ihe !lo"" of a dilemma'
Oil ,h" Oil. ha",[, h< fell 111." il ".,,, IIot hi, ,;gh' ,0 d'l'';'''' 1..
from the ",i"\(~,Ul which God gm," 1 him. UII ,h< o, h, bi. fear
11"" he might e~pli~al" mor< 'hnu wba, h" ""'" allo"d 10 do.
nu. oguny is
<1 ill hi. I)W}. Imending '0 'I"'~l abou. ,it<
.looo."
,h",
""Le
w'"
""1',,,,
. -""'.foI.
" Cf_ IL
p. ,H
C~.",I,
-I'
"!I''''''''' p...u,
1961, ol>o
K_P. , .. ~_,
,""ul la topic directly r<ialcd '0 the COIIC"!'t (if hil i he mak .. a IOllg
imn:xillctiOl'. el1\~ ham:illg that 'the ide",.re de llC~te' and, therdorc,
they de,~ a",II "I<I'e" ", loo arc "bl~ to al~'''' ],~nd ,he M~I><1" trul ], ,;"
'" c )"""1; "",,),,,d" In)"'~.u doctrine' It~; J.btw ~)~ ~""",,,.).Ll
Iler< " 100\>- 10" f.d, on "'li ng a &". "-0,,10 31>0\lt thi, nly>lical tn "h :
w..
I f....1 "S""y " 10<0 i",<nd,ing to "I",.ok; I ]\-d "SQ"l' ,,'h<" u,"",ling uOl
'0 ' l",.k ~l""''''' ,t.i,. ~l""''''' ,~l ~h ""ri. I ~'a,,, 10 "I""" f", ,~,
",loe oA: ,oo.e ,, 110 , re ",.onb)-'. k'l I he " 'cn>l of 'I<p,i"ulg of the
,,,,,,I """" .t.Ie '" UI"h-."""t ,t. 1IM::.:r"... of 'h" uu"onh) I """',.
""''' 'P"ab"~ r.". 'Ir<- ft ' ,."" 1 10.,-. W,-m, IN I """,Id bt- ffi"g;ng
IuJ)" 'lUog< '0 dog> ""d =ung I",.rb hdo", '" u><. It ..... ' be ..-orlof ) '-"0. "nl) '0 kn.",,' I_ '0 ,fu''''""is.h 'o .... ng lti, h<.""
th"", ~' i tl lOl " '00 Lb",,' ,,;!hiD. '" th. , I... "poke 'u tbooc ~ilhuu, UI
p-'r.lb .... I"" ""1'1",,,,,1 ,he p. t".dole< '0 ,loo.. ' ",loo """,,,,1 iolO hi.
hou ... " '[0
~ illlo. .,,,1 10 .n'CT inlO tll<" loo.... h .,,~. "')-'tical ",<,."jog I ~"""'u.
'Why .100,, 1,1 I judg< ,boo<- ' bot ' f'
"ith",,'!"" h<T) ';1\"", i, ~ i thoo'. Th~' i. "hl' 11,,,,,, ";th,,,,, ~'"
,t in p , "'~Io" ;" c"'" ,I",)' ,houId be able ,0 10-.." ,he thihg<
. ,~!
"ithou, .. ~I 0" "" th. ,hi'rg> ,,"hi,,_ To "",,, ,he ),""'" h" "')'~"
[,.J " .... "i"8 ~"""""" ton',; '" ~ho
J<"',,' I"",,,. i. h;,
ru.cipIc. 11 <
b)' hvlttiog the d...c,ri,,< of tll< Church. b)-' li,,,,S
life ~"""hti,,~ ,,, ,I>< " 'ad-ti'l<: of th, C1t",d, . '\\; Lb",' a"d ", ,,11,,,,,'
~n,,,.. 1 "'n",_"
1><,,,,,,'"
,..,,,;i,,
;-""'v,.
.......
,,".N
,u'm
,=
h"" .
f",
'peal ahout 'th e ",,.e3u01' of the I.Hcif<r. i. be)'ond Our ,bili,.,.. for
Ihe doc,,';~~ aloou, ,his 'I""'I(;OU " g",al and ,jifli<:uh to "><-"Cul.,,,
I ~M'" TP b .. pi IOmo," U-yo.; w i 5w6'''p~,o.;l. '' Th;, doctrin" is
, Oiot,
" 11n<
.. er
~,otk
'.
c.t.. Ill , n
iwt/"",
~~n'
:1(1,
5.
ill", tI...
"'"f'l<"
, 00 .. . h.. , ."
au' d _
~ """. 109.
ClIAJ', u.
nil''''.
'''''ily
11>< 00ct"' .... al""" ,1"'11< q''''''io". an:: gr<~' ...1 ",)~'icoJ. T~ ,hi,
teaching ,]'" "riog i, i, s<,,,d 10 hid< ,be DO)" "',}' of ,he lio'S'" i.
t.cti,tiog. Po< ~" do HO! ".m ,1'0 k4Chj"8.ooo, !IOw. "Ulch ,10 n'"
"",",11 l>O<.iy acOOf(U"1 '0 (!o<,ri". "f ,,,,,n,,,,iKta';on to "" """
ldon: j ll'" "ny .. >d.Oc:"cc. ' lOT ,)"" """. lhinl!Jl .1I",oId be s""''' to ,lie
<iog-,. ,.... ,
I"arb be c,",' WO!'< ",;""," ....... ,h. , "oul<l be ioo pi .
"'''. '" i, ('Q["titul< b,,',,) ai of ,11< 'f<' 1ny.1<ne> of ~IC " 'i",loo,
of God '~"" a<p,ftov "",. ~aowil ......1),; ..... Sc<>io _ia; ~ 1.
of "JUcb i, i, "" U ..-rill" n: 'W;~l<tm ,,-ill "'"
i""o a ,.,ul tiel,
pr"..,;.,,, "'il u<ith<T ""ijl it d,,'.U j" bod y ;' ,,'ol'-,.d in , i,,' <i>
",,,,,;,,.,"0' ~ .,;,<
000< <.u""Ita" is ~all
"""'I".... a"a p.;".; ," h i. ~"" ,,,,ough [0 gi," "" ... 00."" of ,,,,, ,\oc.
.,.;,.', ~Iud, ... ~ .. ~ I ;" ml~lica l ~"). u"',;." lh< g";~ ' of . '101),
by ju" following ,he c _ of
It"')'. in 01<, du,
who h'' ''o
,he obiIjtl' mal' ,,'On; 0'" 'he D",.,oiIl~ of 11", I""""'S'" for '~'JI\"'~-<>."
tt.,
<""',.
,i""l,d,a,... , .,.,.i"
,ha,
tt_
M.~ ,
m.
7. b_
I, \, 0riW:" m.. le,
"""'oM.
23, 20.
r... "".I
t'"
I.><ring ,,r
l'>ah",_
a Cd., V. :/9,
" ftr.. Ill ,~; "'" ~,... _tion i. _ ..." ... 1'1. 12...'bi<h "",,11 .nou~ b
;, '"" . . WO! in .... Lalin .....
i, t.cw .. in ,h. ,-,,,;" tc......!on.,., at th., p<:>inc
'''"''I''"'
ro ,",,,",a "'loo " 'ill ha, 00 , "m ,..... """ur" ... I) ""deN..,d 01",,,,
" ~<I < p,floi;yt<> 6<': 11 .. ;, ~ h)". ill ",b,;"" ,,, tru'><,
1<Ioc,';,""I.
~bou'
a,1d .Iat"",,,. OH
doe";,,,. "'"
tro' I",
E,'Cl) in ca,," onc p",.d,,,, " tnl< doctri"e l.0o.; iU.~9oi>J. tLi. ",uld
eau'" u"deoirabl. dlte!> '0 a "",d .,-bic i< i iok and ~ n'" need
'his kind of food'. ' [1-...",fo",_ 'I<} "~l'bcal" ,h., "'"e <iocl" " C' is ,b" ,
."i
,,'n,
"
00<''''
b)
"mJ""'J'" ;,.
lie f,:,., '" ">e<"" """"' ... ~ hlo h "" .. ~ ~ ,,, ,he "'npt.-mind.:<J .... 1
I U" , ... of tb_ ,""" ,.., <<Ow<I', TO,,.,, '")""''!-.' quooino I Cot, I~ . 51 ~ ~
.... om ">ud)' ".,-&.l '" oh< oWr<' ...1 ""' .... "')~ 00.:,,-; .... wrudo ..... tigM)
<""",..Ir-<! ["""
u..
mukiturk" .
XXI\'_
"i'''''', 21. 1'G 1, 22 1,
~ 2'1. ~ lUll .
.--11.... W.
&/" ,\ . <a
, ......JMoo. n
"
ClIAJ'1
u. nil''''.
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16, I ; CN,
e.<., IV, iO_
\' I~
:18,
"
'he c",a,,,d 'reaw", al1,i 'vbj""" <.>f CO"'CmP"',;oll' arc abo call",!
'",; .. torn" alld "n: ,.,-gat<l<:tl ." ,kro"njllg the "hody' of C b';" ,
,\ ,Ioird ",ab!)', sllb""'I""'" '" ~'" """0,,<1 0/",. ;, ~'" Fall "'"' of
'he 'body' of Ch,;", h i, onl) ,h,-,. th. [ 'he acl<~,1 c .... ~'ion corn ...
into -.i.leRC" ,>OH of no"<.i,,cn.;e: ;, b llt<1l ,1"" ,pace_time <0"'''
into e~i"c ,,~t .."d .... ,jonal <",atLln:', a, indi.-i<iu.;] pC"'OIlab,io" "or,
exi"."
T lti, explicit expos;';on, OtlCe ""unci",",i in "'o,d"
para
doxical :dre~ . For loo" c~n ,h, ..."oocl "'~li [) I.., "id 10 t,.. an....
'he fi .... on" once lh<r~ "'" n() ,ime ye'> W. """. thcrt1ore, ,h'"
'he ,-:.p~cit iIlLl>'r.lh()" ""lui,,,,, tbe cOllq"')U~'" (0 ,\iscu" "-h,, O/>f><m,
., It ''''''ildox ...'' ....... """W;" W()>'th. For Ih.", i, no oo" bl , h., any
One can fig",,, a " .. lit)" 'btfor,,' (reat;"". ", il i<h CfU,,'O/ he "a(~ ,..
-I",foo'" .11
;:'''l<'.
ao)' c"'n" 11.... 1~''''...ooX of "~p",,"ioo, does
to
""Ill'
'b"
I"
tin, e nd he""
']l,e second ",ati,y " ,h", in ,,-hieh inw'l~,rcal ,,",ure ...""' ma,k-.
Orig<n h"" a1r<a,ly ",,,,,,,,,I ,ha, ...10", in Gcn",", ;, ,m'cd '" h;",
0\8 be..,n m:od,' 'i" ,he im"~' of God h", oolhu.S 10 d" ,,'i, h 'ma"er':
.tht: fir" H'~l" ,,'ho " ... m~d., 'iH
im:,!:," of God' wa' 'iOlH'>O'"
fu,l and S1q><rior 10 an)" C0'1'<'",,,1
The 'lue" iQn .. ,hi,
f~)itl' "" "'''' ohio cro",ur.-i.,- lift> Th< " n,,,-er ,<> ,hi. "' unq " alif=l!y
n'ga,i,,,. For lift 1",,,";1\,
IQ ,,' hll' i, rc l ~"d '0 <r1nt. ,ince 'he
,001;"" "f 0"",,,",.1), lif. is cJo.d)' :""""i,,,,,1 "id, we acTual c",alioo
of 'he "wld" Con,i<kring 'he P""line I","iutl. ' I ~.,,,,,, .11 'hi tlg<
..., from him . " ,1 'hrou~h him .nd ito him'." ""d .ppl);ng hi, ",oal
senltill)' 'H1 oh,' meaoing of 'h~ prq""';, io".. h~ ()~><"'" tha' 'fmln
hi",' ,uggc,," 'oomc'hiu~ orig;"~'i'c."
'h"
".tu""'
"or,
~ ~ 7. 1'G 17_HIO,
er.
<b."
_""n
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"""-I, ""-""
"'-.
p . 13.
\,-oo...n
<I,,, ...
JoIw
".,,0<>
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,.;-",.bout
"'pro
36,
"
ClIAJ', Ut
H", l':>uI ..
nn''''.
n<~
."",,,pl<,
,,:a~t)".
it ;" ,he di,"i,..l~c ,h o, 'hould he ""dcr",;od Tboo,,, ;. a r<aIitr thc " ,,- hieh 'Pl'can
ohscu..." "n 'he 00< hand Wr< ;" Q roW ""lily. ~nd let, on ,he
"dw" rJ.m is c..u."ir lift- For. at tha, .<!~te. ;1 i.onl) ,h. SOl' of
God to ... h()ln ,he predica';on af Ii.fr p"Ttlli",. II'h" n_ ,herrfon:. OrigCII
"""ak< of "fi",,' cln.;.,,,. ".focI> wa; "illtorp()",a]', he do<:' no, n:fer
to am' 'ill co'l~,n:al worH wba,;on..:r. Foo- ou-"-",",' , peakins 'he," i.
M .mrld at ali. lbc ",aliI)" .. the 'body' of Ch"'l, whirh ... "" ,1",_
0"""'1, '''''~roiden.,f ~ Ihooe " ,,,,of,S (calkd 'I>'""iou, swnd' "Irich
><"re 'cFeared ' a",1 ";~re .. "''' hl' C"d .. '8""'1' . A, a "'PI)' lu ,h""",
,,bo "mhe a 11,'0";,, couccpliou to O~<"." he make. a ,;guili""",
d;"linc, io",l\hh"ugh God .. ill "orpo",al and what wa'l ",ad" i! incorporeal
100. Ihe"" i, a p,..,fo,,,,d <Lt)""'nee bc"'c"" 11",,,,, ' n.,.. 'm" ,i,,' ;'0<,,',
po",al i, <xplicidl' ,aid 10 I>< "01
("",uo,"",;,,] ) ,,;,10
G,~l." Th, cliffc",,,,,, lie> proci.dr in ,Iml 'he 1""" ;uc"rl~,real
,,,"oure i. <WlJfJ. ,,' herea, God hiJ" ""lf io
Thio ron""pl;on j .
Ihen """,nti"Uy ,ljlf.n:m ['W1' .,,~ 1~.lO<ci, one. Fo< 1~~1O nowr
w...,,;;,,,,,_
"""ru/d.
Joo.
'n.;, ;,
.,-~.
1. 1
~..,,,
- -.7""'.
CN, VI.
~\.
I,;,
,~"',
,\'W'~iu.,
.-"-,<-.,,
I" ....... " XUIl; M;g,.,. PI. XIJI.,' _.uted. ~~ quite """" t;" ... 'he \b"
,,,.... th., 0", """ ...... of~"' .. "'" ,,,tot.,,,,, os God. N t.. hi",od( ..,., I.. "~1i'
pod to
""",If
w. """""'" ,it 0rI.... 2, \6'
, . Cl: ]M .... I n_ .... GCS, " p. 2 ' 9;"'" C_ HIon.-, 0::0..-. .... ,.,. S J-,
Ill, p . ll~ . I t/linl th,,, d... """ " tho, ~,,,,,,io.! l>: ... "-'=' thu" 'All' ""l
Op.l.:>,. (01 ....,.;;'" lJ-r>v<~ "''",e\; (.... 4t000<tiw ""TY"'I. '" ".," '" ,,!,w)
r"",
rrom
"n
Q;";;'
&,,','""'" "'''''.
Ifh'" G. Ilor,,,... kj" arg"'" ,ha, ,be 'diflew,c<' be,,,",,,u God ,,"d
,he "wld ~ ... i " ,t ... f.ct ,10", ......)1 an' oot oo".ub>"",u'>l, h,' is
'''''''"'1"< ,h'" ,hi, i, onl)" a f.~" ccho "f,he , i~". orOrig.; n (" 'h,,,,,
h~ '" "f'cn <k"<:ried f,)r Whd' he h.d I~L~" u) t", hi, c""CCf~ion vf
'he ,,"orld" Thi. ;" "'hy Ho",,..ki f t. i, Dcce.... ,.., '0 a l~><.1 '0
Augustine ,,ho ;aid; "10 0" d, Dei "mUrd. ""I a 1)00 >i, raw. d<
,cibilo ... qu"p",,~cr crralu",,,, un;,w.."," ""tue (()AA(},'VinMImt Iko.
"<xl"~ ''''"','"".''' r.., est ,lir,. a'" ,,..,dcn;" (;.;.",,~ "'" nol .. n;awl from G,~I h," by God . , . H~""" ,",'r ,h""ld no' ,a)" or beli","
!ha' un;"'r><' ;" ",,",uOOOl;',] or ",...""rn'>l ",;,1, Coo .'" \\1"" llt,,o,.,jci
.,."ib to Augu" iuc i, in
OrigeD', conceptiou abo,,' ' he '"on_
c",,,,,h!lam;abl}" of (;00.1 ""d c... "tion. Ht" "I", '1>e"", "b"u, " di,.
tal",,' h<1"""'" God and 11.< ,",orld, )"" 1 . ,.... a spa,ial on< t~" rc""j ni '~
'0 "a" ". I"" n:i'q> WJ-...i
apl",.,Ii"g '0 J ohn of D.m""""."
Ilu, !hi, quo""io," i, n "o,,l_fo,._,,"o,.d porU"" fro", Orig<,,', "'"""John
I"'; ,&.up," ""pl,,),l hyJ"I", "f Ih",,,,,,,,,,.
Ifhn' ,..", 'm"de' ". incorporeal wa, ,lOt " worhl of 1;" io8 ;nd; _
,id".1 f"''''''''', "-, ,," h.,, .... n . O n till" oil.... ' ha!><l, ,hi, ;, no' so
.i mpl" '" '0 .ay ,h'" !hi. wa. "'" /il.w" namely. ,ha, i, " ... i.", ~
bu" dk of i,le .... 0' 'mu;' i11 Go"" mi",1. .. I'hilo ,uigL, ba,..: .aid.
If 'hos< m.dc incotpOfeai we..., ju.. ,h.,. , bcn the co""'mOll of
'he Fall could hardl), make >eo .... Tit;", l><"~.,,,,. allO, ber ",botaU1i,,1
MIC..."",. bo-,,,ttn lb e 'made' ;"ro'1'"r"al and lb. ,b,;,,,, <,""ne" ~'"
in 'he
,ha, ,he created in"'''1'''''',,1 i, ,u""'1',ib1c "f a 'i",1 of
ch,,,gc' . ..\ , O'~'Cll ~'gu", all'Nling '0 the ,~>ti01' of Fall, 'h"" wLicL
are ron ., h!'''b,ial "re al'" '''''''ptihJe of ,he ' ''me 1''''1',,.,;.,.'.'' Ilu,
to< ' do<:S no< dabor~'" "n lhi, ...,m,.rk .n) f"" ber.
r"",
"""'1
f"",
r.",m...
5~
,,,,,,,po;.-..
.""'r...
f"",
,<t._
m".","""""", '"
ClIAJ'1 u. nu''''.
'I hi, i. 3 ddical~ l)Oin' <Jf.h< ellli ", do<uin . Ou. cow,l .ak~ i1
th ., th."" incorporeal. "..
mvw ytl . 01 lift '!I ilIm "''', b ll t ,bo:lif. of Christ. Th;" i, "'h,,t ",n, .0 be" 1_,,(lo~ ;, od " 'hieh Orige"
did .kll ,,'i,h to cloLor.tc Oll_ ,\ ftg",,' of Ihi' 1""""-1'tlo1> might botra,-"d ill I'a.d-, "'ying 'I \"'e; ).." IlO' [ hUI C h,;" Ii,'", iu me',"
which i, a "ate",c,,", to ",hieh OtigeD .ppeoh quile ofic " . Aumher
I.,,,ful figu,," of Oriseu', percg"iou a' thi. I~)iut i. the !lCnl"urai
il"L~"(e ",here I'aw 'f><'ako of I.. iug '0'"' " .. h' and of marriage a.
'~ gn:~. my.wry'. "It;"h poi"u (0 'Clui" and .he Chllrdt'."
It i, out "f 1hi, "",e 1ha l 1h. FaU occu,,_ T hi, i, a foil from W,"
III <he Eglll of thi., OtiKeu cnti ci,,,, J Icmcleoll ",ho ,.-ro'" thm th<
Logo>;'1 h;' I"li;,non'o crea,ioo;' not he 'from ,,' ~ om' or 'h) ",horn',
but oul)" ',h,-ough "'ho,o' tn:atioll
",ade." He ,a k.. , exccption
w <hi, "ie". hm ~ga'" h,' dor, nol eb l.,ralc tonl.... r. H< Ot~ "')'
th at Ik' him",lf le.. al"" tT<.,e,1 Ihe n,,'ion Qf'through ",h"m' , hU1
Hemd<OD, a, it ":on,, rum hi. "pini"u, ":en,, 11 0t to I~wc flOClI
iu"nJ~te(1 propcrl )' hy ' he di,i.n< wriling . "
[I",,, h,,,",,. bo,,'e"er, il is s",,,-d cJ,.:.".,' , hat cl ... " ,,rld i. ill a sta" " 'om' of (;od. r"r i , is i'a,J " '00, ill Itom. I I. 36. J~'n"')"td ' h<
hcgi1ln ing "f e'~r)',hing h)' tll< "'p"""il)n ."'" '!I"v,.' '~"~TO" \." ltl
~c "cntl, the !!Criplural I"''''.gt'' <IIPl'orting 11t< ,in.' Ihat 'he "mid
Came ".1 of Go<I. "'" 'he following; )-et for "' ,he~ i, Ou' God.
,h . F"Ih,.r. f",,,, ",110111 a", all Itci,'S' alld for "h"", ,,',. ,x;.,,;" 'Fo<
from him ami Ihl'<JlIgh him ~ "d tl) him ~'" all ,hi,,!l""'," ~ ()d ,he
"")'ing al>o~, Je,u, "ho h .. co"'e o~, of God' "
UtigCD is "<IT ""()I~)(" ill adumbrating" ho", Ih i, faU O<'C_LJ rrOO .
'Jloe "'''I' tow.rn. thi. dir""ti"D ;. to i",rod u"" 'h" idea Ih.~t a ''''0,,1,_
;"g' ' ''l'OpPUI)O <Q i, I'"""ihl,, from .he I""~ of "",,10'0." H~re i.
",l>
G.J. 2, :IQ.
~
~
IfoI . ~ . ~ l ~ .
\At. VU, V>.
~ 2. XI\'
",. cm.
VI. 0.
.. I C",.. 8. ~.
to
~Jh-
I ..., 'odu",""'~' i~
or 'I""'''' '-'I(.
"roe-" hH ,10<"..,.
or"", F:IlI.
.. C.... VI,
I, I... le....... .,., or c./,
.~ .
"'''0, _
~"'"
"""__ ,.,.,
'"''''I-'
2t<iR, C, h
0.;,." J,j,,, .. lf
,boo"",
"
m<>'i( m)~lical
(he
\~'I
thruugh "
",rir~u"~
BUll<, ". "",",' "'" ,,h.. <I", ;00:1 .. " "unb of _I"")" 'each u>. TI,.
of lh<- 1..",,\\ it "')~' 'ca"", uot" "'''. ",)illg, 500, of ,,,.... ",b,
"I' , "",,,,,,",000. fi,,. the pri."," ofT )Ye "d "'! unto hi"" Th .. , .ai, to
~"" I
"'<
'is'''''
'10''''
"'i'"
",,,il,,,
he,,.. "'..
,)0""
Thi, P"""gt <>f E,cki.1 ;, lal<n to poi", ,<> 'an nil",,,,,, I~)"''''' "hitb
wo. formcrl)' hol)" " nd bI=",r and '!CU from lhi. "~'e of bleO;>cdllc"
"",I " ..,
(10"'" i",o 'he ""nit, ,f'''", ,h~ 'une
;';"Iui,), " 'as
f""",1 in him, ,,"'hile hi, f.Ii,'n COJldi,i"" w~. not due t" hi, na,"",:"
Th~ Fall i. a fall of '"It,', Iu 'h< for<~"iDg I'a,~,~~, i, i. R,,/illl"
m,her than Orig<n wOO f<<I, it u"",e.;a,..,- 'Cl f,U th e OXI',,,,,;on b)'
~,)'u.g '," .d\-er"" J"""e". For Odg<" lci""df ,,,,,hew ""l' ebbom,;"n of thi> ",.d ,;,npl)" "1"'''''' of 'Oh" : b< lea",. thi, U\IIn<ricaJ
ju,( li\;c ,h:." ... -f~~ini"g from an) "I"ooun' a. 10 '''ho' or ''''h'''' thi.
'"ne' i. He j.", >f'<~It, of ' Q"O, ",'ho fdl frum ti,e bh.,:" fu nh'" he
c",,,
~'OO
,h.,
<kda", ,h ..
!"'"'" ..
ClIAJ', U.
nn''''.
>f",ax. <.>f '<.>,><', apl'l);ng th, adjecti"~ 'n,b' ".. i,h o\l' "a' ing an)'
rlQun again ; 'whilo 'her<: were ma n)' t\llm; '''PI'''''"''' I ,, ho ".~,.,.
",,,,I, (~Q)V. ;( "", O"~ "'ho fdr."
h i, sig\l;f'c.n' "'a' no nOnn i, "l'l'j;,xl t<.> 'he on,.' "'h" (C1l. '[ll;,
cl;"""ly , 1<1m from , he ne', whicb "",a;n. nni,y in "', prime,,,,1
reali,y of I'rH\-i<loll ...1 o=,i.,., ." It , \t(,uld 31", bc uoted th.~, 'h<
adjox,i,'c aPZilv,,,,,, 'mleni u Jm\~1 rr..m, ,I ... ",,,,I aPril." Wh==
Origen 'rrai<> of 'he Fall, he ret"'" 1<, i, .. a fall of 'on~'" ,ha, ha.
~'"" h,~I ' "'P'>I'P'J"t<>,..j ~t>d. ,h,n ,tO"". fdlli"oln Lh<: '1>1;",'." h . 11"'~
,h e. \ ,., c' "'" in (h" I'-,,,,,<li,,, Qf God , b", \.,c.mc sa';a" .J, ,.. ;t
wcre. ""d ".~, 10<" according 1<, , hc ",rip,,,,,,1 wri'or" "lto"";(\ my.
,i tall)', .,'0" ba,." come !O a drt:"If\d ""d and 'haU "" no mOrt for
",,,r"." 'm;, 'onc' ;, aI"" called ', he r....' '~~poi)t<>; '." I'or ,fter ,he
moulullg of d'e lu" I' 'P ~pO"'l' $1{POPP"~o"~,, ", h" .. ,", ou i'e,1 al'lO
1""\ Ih, """ "" 'POPI>'-'11O''''''''''' and followed , hi,
on" dowII
1""'\ ""<oorol.o-u&r,,,m-,OlV 'oP 'PU"'I' I"." Tbi, 'onc' i. :ilia de ..:-rihed
" , 'e';)' (_ovn"",, '; ;, ;. quite chat..,,,ri .. ic ,h .. 'he tenn ,,~<JtSvru.;
al ,h., looim is 'h" P.", p.n;"jl'l" of 11,, ,-er!! '''''; ..... ,,'h;"h "",.n"
1"'>11 do"',, 0101 of a ]!l.",~'. Th;,;;, h",,' hod, " 000"" abou'
F~ 1l
I.. rail 0"1 "f 'he di';tlc I",ill& a. wcD a, ~ r. I1 d,,,,,,.," a", <k " o"xl .
Ccrta; nly " h<ll Ori~ n refcn ,<t 'he aiiem]", h of 'he F,lI la",1 no,
,h e ,",cufTencc ;"<If). he attr; !>u,,,, a nUII,I"" of " a me; to ,hi, 'OllC'
'doo feU 'I""'" H,' (all , it " 'dr:'!I"D'. o. a 'i'i;; 'c"-noo",,,'r' (a' i "
Job 3, 8': als". he "'''' o,h~r n.mc" mo.dy dr~"'" r",m all"g"riC'~1
fi",
,1,"
011" ....
c[
~
.....
,\"""', ....
,h., ........
In. XXXV.
mu,., 'of,,"_ ~'OO 1""'1 th<
he ~ .. '"
rn'....
but .. h.."
n,.m m
eo,,, U.. ~;tdoo, ....Ir. ,ht '<"" ~r..- "".u. 'U_~"''''''' ""ht"
"
tru.""""
~
1""""_
'onr' ~,..
711. :'\'-':11.
1'1. W,
M H. ,ue"", I:n:UeI. oIIuding to th< po""", U, E,. 28. '9,
~ c.~.
"c.u,
~"'h ~~ ..
\'1. H.
~ c.t.. \'I. if,
M cr. CN. n 43, obo \'1. I!. Q-O"" 'dingly Oo-is<n .,,"' th< mL ,.. ,~~.
q",,,_ ~-h.;;h ;, th< !'.~ p.ot'ric;pIe of the ,,<-d. ".u~~ onO "" .. ~ '10li0>.
'"",,1l'; .. ' h" ~') the notlot, 11 ... U'" ~O<I. ' ~ ""'~n ' ~;th "'IX'" 10 COO', tU,,,
.,,, , ...... ..,.;, dmo<td ' t""" >, obo, .-J..... 19. XXII .
. C.u. H 43. I ~-iII u;.,o" thU """'" ...... d", ~' O<id Iat<,-
,Ad
't,
''''I'
'" "'1"1'''''''
>Ill
'"7'9' rndO' 't '] :"~" _11 'n-1 ''''"</ 'ITO'''; '_
n>J
"'l ~ .-""'. "'I' '" ~,~" ~ " .. ""!",,I "'I ' J" ""!'~"'''',,''' "'l 'L I-~ I ~ ''1'''':1 ..
' ,6
'U
"ti t -d
.~ .'n
''"1' H'" p" LI!(~1 ' ! '! 'J~''''_'''''l '..:le.....:l "''' ''' >IfI "I "''''''''' """"' JO
'~u ,s",,,,, "'1' 0 ) >ll'J:>'\l' O' 1"": "",.,,"! 'P!" _'I """ .... ~4' "",in >.J""'l
' '''I '>.""~;"'j I""",,*,JtIl' loo 0' J.!/-" IOU""", nOlle;'" l",,,,,,,,,o.,d
,e'i' ," ,)L' ' 14 ,u,,'w,~w " ,,jiuO .i"" "41 "I .. 1~1'''''''1>} 11 X.'/~
'?l """I'll . '2 Vl'Y'? ""?'Q~ !<n!2! ,,~ "". "1"\1 '!-~\ I"""""~ "! ..., ,,"',,
""m,, q 0, "".P' Ll"~'''':lJrl~~ ,'. "'I 0 :omw"" l""l"'!P"! '''I .>.>!"" I .; " " 01
.l1"!II'~' "ql " .,><lnd lOll p ~1 '1''':) JO .;;Sum, m. ~pum 'K.. 04"
U.1U "4' 1"11" "4." '1"\o'P "!1 ''''I' ,no p""!o<l,, 'I ,, 'U'IOrJ" 1~I ">ll
'4 ' '" ~'91.'0I<""9"! ... 'II'~U"'u. 'C
'! puu II'~ "'q' 1''>1'
'4' ~"!""'J"" ".f..fWWW." "1'''''' ,n,od
~ <! "'"Li.
.... ".'IOf'. . l "~. "'I' .1"'''''1
' ]"J. p"r. OIl" .1'''1'''''''. "q." .,.n'I'" ~W"'. 0, .... ~p, "1 '.'''"''' ~'!'
JO II"J ~\!l """I" uOu"" ["''''''-''"P'''Y "41 1",,"1""''''" u.>liuO ~JlJO
1'''"''
""'-'''''''.'1'
0'
"n ..
"
It.>Jn"iJ-us
u.w
~(I)
JU '''QI'~'>J(U''!
T'~.t
cull.
"
CHA'" Ut
nu''''.
For ~h~ , U... , ,,"'" c~nh] r"" aO(1 ",in"" he reil ~".~y lrom ~'" 'UI""
nu, f<~l it )" ~ n<l ,bir-ed ~ life <Iifk,em f'om (he " '1><';'" life, h<
,]c!IC"...,d (0 Ix- ~ Ix-gin" ing noi.bM" of ,.,,, I<.b ing orca(O,] no, ,,,,,d.,,
but of """.,hi"8 mol,]",:] by (he I.ord, mad" '0 f><, mod e'] hy hi ,
nugi"' ... A< f.~r a, II"C ["=. huollami an: CO"",,TU"'!. our .ru " h
"aoc<. too. i; ill our being ac<"Unli"1!; 10 ~,~ i"' agt: of ~'C Cr""tor."
hut the ,u1>,"",n,< n;;,ulting frum guilt i, in th < (hi"g 11>,')<1<<1, ",hich
."." ,eern"":! fTOm th o dust of (he oarlh." Th ", ""the .bu,," of IlK,b;] i; <Ii,,,,,,,,,1 "gaiu" '''' thi; "bu"". n<..... rth.I<". <100:. 110' orig.
in,"c in his capricious ' ]"aJiJ'g " 'i,), us. but in h;,; ~w<'il)" ~gai""
r;",]"'."
'w
~ ~"'.
3'.
Cl
ru.
3. 10.
cr G..n. 2.
.. ft."",,_ ~'9ll.
h
7.
awl", a ma"ria! a"" ....... ha, '<>n<~ 'he dmgou IeU down from 'he
d,,",' t;r.. . " 'hid\ ,,",' ;m"'~,..ri.1 ~"d aloooh"e))" inca'1>o",~r, 'I~fa ..
")1hill8 ",,,,, he ha, beCIl hOlmd ",i\l. ""'''er and loo)" '"
It m.in
"f (he f;tll i. ' he dc"f<1c-U,>n "f (he \lrigin.l unil),.
l1<n ...ktt com.,. forth i. ' mul,i,ude of Dumber' (.~~90:; ap L9po~
'<c hi",,' \"~;""", ,. 'dj" ;,;,,,,' 15,{>.;pro ....1a"d di~~gn:"m<m 6""""",,,,.
,\11 ,he,, '''e n:lf.'rdc~1 '" '';gns of ,,jck..ir..,,', 'Il,i, ro",jC\io" i, so
.tro"~ ,I"" ' h~", char"Cleri"iCi ~I'( ",',,~Ii.h"d iO-' gu id<lil\e (, .. exeg-o,i, : w]",on-cr ,he"" "ot~" ... r~ (''''1>(1 iD th~ Scripture. 'hey >.il"uld
b< i "'~rpre""l a, dCU'A.,j",,. of "'il " nd !he rd...,,,,,,, p', ..,tg0' . hould
be i"'erpmcd ntc",rlingly," The", .. a critit~1 ' Iue'h"u wluch i, "
liwd",,,e,,,,,1 I'rNeq1l ;'i,e for con'preh"nditrg lbi, co"cep';o", of
'he ~'.lk ,,t,~t "'" 1h~' " 'hid, fuU': .,nd ~ .ub;.'lucn' 'Iu"t ion: "h~t
is ,ha, "hieh "'Wl>1jlOH'" 'h< ]>,,,"'1,,,1 i'kotit)' of 'he r31;0".1 cr~"_
nu-c'? Thi, ' Iue.,i"u i, di,,",ctl)" ,da'ed to 'he DOtio" of ' ,,,,,ulling'
1~ "POJ>ll~~<J\') ,, hid .. (he mos' m}">1iool I~~n' of ,I. .. '~>CtrUl~ of
'he h ll; ye' i, b,,, 10 be '''''w~n:<I . at 1<"" to tbe .. ,ent ,h~t i, cou ld
1><' poo:"I~., """" ,hi, is !hc c~uci"ll'oo"
Ill<- en,i,,' rot1<'P';OO .
It i, fund",,,,n'al nct of 0lig<n ,hat ,h" -c nd' ",;U be ~k" 'he
' I><sumir's'." ,\!though b~ ,~"'. not e l~h"n"c "n ' he <,,,,"ce of ,1.,-,
'Ol,e' ""bo fell. he doeo "" "hm h~ '''']>01>0,1< hi ' concepnon of 'he
end. r ba", quoted ab,,,,,, a ';gni['c"", I'''''''g-o from ItiN, accord_
O\g ,0 ,,'hieh ,hi. '""c' h~d h" .. n p l ~cc.,j h~ God 'in 'he midSl' of
pr<:ciou. >!one,_'" Ilu' tho,"" i, no ail"""n pvi,,,i "g tn w)"" ,hi,
w." wc lea", '"' hc,,,' ,hi. wa> Ul tI,e ,hi"c ",ali,}). ".,. un<1",.,.. "d
,ha, 'M "'''" incorp"",al .inet ,ha, re~li')' i. e",ird), intorl'0real l; '"
wc . 1", learn 'in 'he ",id,,' of ""h,,, ,Ioj, '"ne' "'"'" ",".. '" !he
mids, of pn:ciow; ;(00.... lI u' ~e can pick up notbi"g al .... " ~\"'
"mc' ;(",If
Fmm Cds ..-c learn .. ,m ethillg ",ore al~>u, ,hi, 'o nc' .",1 its orig_
u,a! .nd i"'l>ttCable ' 1>(": 1b.. ,,-a, a 'p",da", ",,"e' a,no1lg Ol her
"""It
"r
'0"':
xx .
--:Mt<. \. X\'II
..tr:... <"""" "" r", .
.. ~ l~,
~
~
~
1\ , ; , .10> ~ ~ \ '
1lW, \'1 .6.2. 11.1. 3" ltt ,~ . !, lU .6,3. 11t. "_~, er. "JP.., 1t 7.
, ~ !hoc. I .... .
.. , - . 1Nl/, "'lit'" Orill"" 'f"'OIL' or "'" 'tin" b<fot< "'" roll ., .., "in>m>:oe...1 >Dd ...,.,,.,, IQ an) 00&Iy b)~" &;;l..,. ...1 <pri"'" ~ _ " .....
".,.,,,,,,,,,,,. KGr, 16,371. 10.
ClIAJ', U.
nn''''.
pr<"Ciou> .,OD<, in (11" di,;nc reahty: i, w,u pbc j a, all 'om amCll "
ill the 'hody' of the ", "lti<1"hTOid""d' Wi"lom:. il ,.-~, " '~';ng
"on"'.'''' ye< ( I,,, ~f" n'''' uol W """ hr~: th" n'", (he dMue l;Je or
\\,i"""", rnr,df. It i, l>oi" ,,,.1 0'" t h.( t h,' ""rip( u".J ",feft-nc,' IQ
'PreOo'!S >tool<'- ha. a 'my.,",al meaning' a ud 'the j '''1 ~re ,h" m_
,.,IYe< "'Cl} "I>ceil:. of ...1"", rwd p=iou, "ono ... ' After all.
he ,fui,," ... ""h '00""" ,b.,", ceoun'',",' in. "' )'tical num.,,,. which
e~" I,.. "P'I,O'CI<c"dc<1 0)'
'"'~o ~'" alk '0 Ij "<,, ' 0 the ,-oic< of
(;",1 0)'
of ""'I'< .mi". b.,.,;,'!! ."d II,,)-' uy ,h.".,. ,Ile
body of C~ri>'.,. "iIJ be I'I'louiJ , ~' i ,h "OD<> "'hich .re
;to ~ , U
." p .... ci"..,,_,..
",,,,n,
"'QV
' ,i,%.
II'h'" &,11 , ,he ,d'""" "-",, "" '(m ~Imcnt" f!'O m ,he '\"-"'y' of Wi.d"m .
\rh", 1;\'1 wail "'a( ,nolllc," ;" pn:1ty ckar: i, '"'' Wi.dour her_
;cif, l;";ng her di,-UlC life. On no "IT<lU n' caD Wt' say th 31 ,h1, '"rua_
,,,,,m', th " r "'c;"", '1i,'ing ",o"e'. ,,-a, li,'o,g ,,, an inJ~ /ryp<J<14';<
in ,h. d;"i))" lit;'. ;Il ,10.: !el1St' 1i.a' i, ,,"" ro",it1cti"g a lite of it.S
0"'''; &... in ,I"" reali() (wluch i, incQ rpo""J) tit .", ca" I", .",i,hcr
'di"i "c,iou ' uor 'd;";";"n'. IIc,i<Ic" what w", cTc.tetl in t he 1'''''''_
,Iential ereatiOll ,,-as uo, all)' ",di:-w"ol c!'Ca",," aud. in all )' ", .. m.
'"" Ca",'''' "I",,,k of paw, of "hat is incorporeal . ..,
h ,honkl t><: "'0l'h"sUc-d ,ha, ;, ;, ,o'uul)' ,hi. poW, "' hicb O ng""
esch",,-<-d 10 cn " nc;",c, ,\J'h"ugh h ay' CCI1~i n ,hi,,1('> "I~,u( hi,
.l<.odriuc of 111. b U, ht're ;. bow h ~ go". <.0,1:
th i, <oncqJt;ou of 'he Fall. T lte," .. " 0 ",heT "'.r, ,i" ", be de~b_
er~l<"l) d ..... not >la,c " ,, )""iug "bou\ ,10 " le"~1 ~:<],lici(ly. B", to
'"' er
I POl.
~, ~_
1- _ .
'", ("..u,
\~,
H.
'l""t .. . ht ,,,....
n...
tim.
r,,.,,,.~
of txr<h, ",,,,,Io, . of
~""
'd;,~ '
""""xi>", .od
or '"",,'
rorumi!t<d oin .00 lMl' It",, thr notion of ,xon_O!io!inctioo ;, """f"tibk ~-;, b
,I.., J: '.,..,"1 On thi, 'I"'"~'"" CJo-Wn ,,,,"'~~ d to
.,..~ to I""""'"
110.
.iAh<.-.",
"", ribo., to
ong<" a
"'
l)()Teal notional CTcat urc. , which rccrn-cd " body. ;., ju;l " >implj"ie
",,,I nl;, lcadiog ""h"io", "'hid, garbl,". h;, 'eal ,Ioc!" "'"
Ofigo- .. him."' lf "'" ."."re of !h,- rlo'onOr 'heor; ~h()u( tl>< i",,,~.
Ye' he ""Y' 11~t1
th< mon ~ I.., " <,;etm froon I"noofu< togct.i'" ",i,h )u, ..ifc '(k>tbod
ill If"o''','' of 000','" ,,b"~ "'C"[o
b) God I".c,,,>< of ./"
hw".o Qtf<oe<, )"", "" j".n'bk and O\)~lkal ""~' , ~' Iuch ;" hi~beJ
~"'" ,]'" b'"'''' of '''''0 ,,-I.) 1>,,101. ,I." "",I co",,.. ,\o~ " ",.1 ,nou)"
,";ode
,<,n,il ;, fnld.
"""",hin~
001><1 ....
h' ilK'"" he COm"'""(> once 100'" 0" ,I,, ""ne 1''''''''i!'' of C,-"e';.
and "1<cl> the "-~"lI"'" ,h," ,h~ 'g:mnw" of oki",' ,ugS''>t a .. ump_
,ion of ",atorial hodico. I le,-,- i, h(}\, he a'!,~l cs : "if tbe g;mn.o",-, of
ski" iguif), Ibh "",I l~mc., loo,.,. i. it I~",il~ ~ for ,\da", '0 ,ay
b<forc ,h"" ' In ;";" nOw bon e of Ill)' 1.00"", ",wl lbh of my 0010':''''''
Again, 00"'"""<, Il< .I..." nol "" plicale hi' 0"'0 opinion. He ,I,'ems
il ,,,,ough ", con'ra" hi, o,,'n C<>nc"p' i,.... fr<J'" 'he Vb'onic ' ''n<l.
fcrring
th i, 11)' ua",,, all he ~'Y' i, ,h., onc ",h""ld inquire
into 'he hi,I<I<" 1tca,,, ,,, of 'h< .c rip,uml I",er." '" 'n,c "'m' " ""c'
i; tak", in fi.lIMt. 131. ,d,e'" it i_ "a,,,,1 d.at miu<l It .. b,,,,, joined
"'K",b er "i, h 11<,1, ":.cron.h,,<: ' 0 '~"SO'" kuO\"" 10 God alo,,~" I~ '
'0
.. r",n.
3. 2'-
cm. ""'.
.. u,.
'"ft.""". '31.
ClIAJ', U.
nn''''.
in<li,;<luab; i, i. OllJ)" 'h~Il tJ"tt 'hey ""'1u; ... " lif~ of 'heir O",n It
i; only ,h ell ,h" i. make> \cU'C '0 . peak abou, 'the /"u. , mOme'" of
,b.ir e..,a.lo" bj' (;",1',' " or abou' 'd,e .u", ,beir pe ... "".!i!}' firs,
. ",ol);"d'" Th" .. an' ccrt.i"l) "",>rc", io", f"'m ,he La'in ","der,
ing of 1"riN:, ,,'heT'< ,empornJ 'enn, ar~ \lse<l too.> ["'1.",ntl) an<l '00.>
"",kwardl)"; >1ill wc ca " di;ccru thi, ..,!.C",i..1 ia. of thi, doctriur
hclund rxprc..w' 1> of ",;. kind.
There .. ,o"'tllt iog a, .hi> pai"" ",!tieh might appear .. ;' 1"'''''
dax: "ltile ,".. ~ iItk! I!Mg Of'! 'If--"""& I'de" w ~n ",-cur"""" i.",
th e d;';n( ]ik m.I""", lift p"rtlti ll , ,0 'p'",e ,;me. 'Il,i, i, nuan,:.'.
which . hou ld he Luen iuto "ccouut. The fonu uotioll refer< t() 'hr
,""",0,1 of ,h. reali..,. ""led ai" ,," he \\';,,10111 wlcicb """"",,, .ru l""';
,Iered ,,;.h ,11< j>r""io""" "l1I".rea.on, . where,," .ht btter ,de,., .0
d, e ,h ild ",aliI)" (ac,u,,1 c",~ '; o" of d," "' ~ '. fial "oddi. Tbe [o",,,or
",fu" 10 ' he "ni,)" ;" th" '00<1)" of Gh";'" ,11" loll" ref",", la ,I><
r 1ll crgcuc~ of di,,,"';I)" a",1 ;',di,;,loJ.lity wunr~, to the ".",.kl . wllich
i; ,,/ muJ.o Ibe d;,;nc ",ali,). \I"h", Origl:n
, h ~, lift i; one "f
,b e roll<<1)1i",", ,b~, doo-. ,,01 ,,,,MaUl '0 Chri" bim,,'lf. t,,,, only 'm
od,er>' I<niX (liI,oji, "U: c,I~.:;\. '" ;, i; oo,iou. , h", a t""(I.",,<'''''~
prom;.., ha, I><en """hli,h"d: ,he p"<iic.ti,,,, '", h" .... i,,,,lf imp]i,,. a
,,<>, ioo "f w/m,ti.,,.---,, 1l( ~ion ",h;':h by no meam <OH1 he awl ie,l to
the di'';ll e KI<::. lbi. ',,u,,,.' clau,< i; . igniflc..", and ha. 10 "" 1><::mJ<
io mil,,1 IOS",I,," " 'id, ,b. 1'1",,,",, d,", ,b<'"" ,,'" "0 "0"'''. ",10<'0 ,I><
third and f"unh conccp,i"'I> r"f ,he $0." '1 "~r" n", ~~i<1ing a' .11 ".
'1'1", <on<:<'p' ion of 'hf. ' Slan, to ", oh ",nSl' otll) "lwtI ,hi, i, 1&
of '<~he ..", ,ha, is, ",hen 'o,b<T1l~'" mak<:, i" ",,,rk in on",log.,. .
Which men", Ibm 'othe ", ,,,, ' l>cgi'" la m.ke ICn!.C whco 'Tlluhitudr
of " ",,,1,,,,.' 1.~ii6<>; "p,e~o;A "Sebj,m' '''liojlU '. ' di,;,io," (5",;",,"0;)
and '(!i<aW<'ement" 151"""";"1 make dwir ",,,rk a, "i~", of "ick,,d
,,~ ... , a; oo'e~ <arl;"". Ileyoo(1 \\'i1om ,,,,d 1~'lI'''' ~ll oth" ,'011'
""pl;O'" make """" onl)" in ,he con ,ex' of the rc~"i"" \>c',,"e<1\ ,he
Logo. and the ,,"orld. i",lced 'hr "third ~nd fo""h " roncC'p .ioW! arC'
~ 1l, pos," 1 by"" I,.ogo<. an,l time eall nOl be fouud ;" 'he .. ~,,: "'h,.,,
11,, ,hi,\! .nd [he fuu" h OQ"<,'POO", did ,,0, , . i" at ~II'. '" I:Ictore
",,,n.
", I;"';
1,~ .3.
,, ' [hi.
.,.
2. X\1I1.
." '-"'"" 2 .'>\"\'.
~
(he FaU. (hortfort. (ho 'prttioo .,one''' whi,1l 'ombroider' the 1>00:1)'
of \\,i.dom are t10( an " all) 0(/....... ~".t (heir Lfe i. DOl a hfe of
,,(he" . Time "PP".'" a, ~ " den",n, of ,h. "'"rid "'h",, (h. nOli""
of 'ht; of o(he"" .. ~," '" make ""'''.:, (h:.( is. up"" (he hlL
l>:'rWtUm ,.il1l~'U) ,knot<> ,,-.u"CllC< "f th e In aterial w<,,1d. '" 'l1,i,
i, why ~ pn:dic,,,~ of fftaltn~ Iif< can uot he "p~1io<i 10 (h" ",aliI}"
'tJefon:' c...... tioI, of (be worhl . I( is ""'0 "'Otl)o pODd"ri,,!! 0" d,e
"""'",-option of (h,( ,,,~Iit)' f,,,,h .... R<femllg to th e """",I c"'ati<)n
of t he ",,,rid O ri~n I ~ )nra)~ th i. a, f<,Uo,,~ :
j"" ..
Ac.-onhngly.
""""""""> ,....
l.6-yoo,; 0( ,,h t "ill bc. "'hieh 'CIl>OU' ""'" di,","K.i), o.rtic"iatro b),
G<d ill "i.doo, .,;:;, .. ro """"""'" -",;,xt, ""'" Ma.; I. ~ ~y
~ro e.-oio ,Go. ;_ r.- J.&,olu.;..; "" '10" """le all ,h;"p
~,,,;" Ior,,' . " And ",. st,ouIol .. ) (h.t "....., God ha,1 cre~",d ,I .. b,;,,&
"iod<xn. <0 'n "....." "1,,,,-. ~,.' oU'"" ...... t o""","" """1",, " ~"
Ile . 110",,<1 fro", the form, "'lUch "'''I'<' '" I"" 10 1""",,,(.0 ~>< ,h,jo!!,
~h,jd , "-,j,,, ,."d '0 "",to<, [L.>th l ,10,,;, ""(Ulli "",.000, .Mow " lUld
(Il< ~"OO, ~ ,,,I I foeu, u'Y "Ikcd(m 0.0, "'he,l"", ,hi, 10<>1<1> (n'" . 1.,
."",,,,,..IJ<v,,,,
IQ,-
i,oJi"idual ""i.",,,,.-"o
,[,hi, is ,ho- (O"'eX( U\ " hich O '~c"', ".,em.-", ,h~ l ,b e 'reasott ' of
(h" "'o,ld (,iIY "pi
.';"~o ... J.Qy.,o" "'gan:kd from. "orldl)' )Ioint
"n.
of ,.;< ...., i. the ' WI of the co rpof~ab ~ l\( l (I,e hcginniug of the illCo"
porcal, 10.; U-r><; I'h "''' ,d,.utai". ttiw "" I"',,,tiw . .;""~ 5t. t ....
';O"'IJ('n"", . ," T h .. 're,...,,, ' (J.O-yo.;. "c('{)rW"& 10 ,, hich the world
".-11*.
, , ,. oY",
,. "
10'3,
10.
XIJI:
C.&,. \'111, 19 8- W.
' " '11.. lD<'....ing of ~ .. '..,tuoI =.,;",,' ~ ,," 1.-.1 '10...... ;n Orig<n',
,~ .00 i>
d ,,;'10 ,..,{.<,,~ ~ hi<h I"""" . ' .....,..-Kl<nriol , _ , ~
;,y.., the ju>l..,...,.oioo of,.,.
""I.,..... ID c,-",,,,,, I . :1<;' .w
I ~'
"""c..
~,
7,':
,~
-V'" 1. 10.
.-J<Im. 1. XIX.
.J.M"
""n,
"""tu'n,. '"
213
,Ad
'"
''''f'
_1"oJd
"1''''"''
oQM
>Jrlr
'"4
""""1"
)L
'!"!~"
'U t,,'
" ""!I>"''''I'
01
~"! I'"oo"
;"'~L
'"'''I-'
1'''.
,,,.,,
J~'UJ"
~,
""111
~'u"" ,. .,
0,," ' ~"'''J ~~U~l .-KLI. '..q '" Ju'W 0' ,MW"" I~'m" "f! ~OJ """nl.,,,
-'Jd "I'I"U.><k,pUl "'11 >1 'IO!'~JJ~ l""U "I',.,o.d ' n"S 'POD JO OOS " 1'
'~",>IVCl(~
J"""
[,,,,,,.,,.<1
""!'.'>"
.,,,,,"x., o'Ul
1"
'nu~\ ."!
'",to"""",,
'n-"'Vll~
"''''
JW'
'"
"'
is ,,-hy ill 'h e pr,,,;()u. !,,,,,,age r<f"r~n"" I" the "dual ere"';,,,,', coming ;nt" e,""<nce is ",,,dc through ' he tC1111 ~.lJo-,,, l'""icub, "'en
';011 .hm,d h" 1'.l id to all " ~I'""'; o" u..,,1 ;" a ,'',," ,,'' 110"'0" of
}""V.b. " h" .... (h,- ad,"".,), "'ho feU i. d,,,,,rib..'<l '" som~"lh i"!(
"n<ilher "",",cd, nor image. b UI """'<1hing 'l1lo1ckd b )'
,,,,,,10:
Ih~
[m d.
to he moc ked b)' his 3tlw:i,', '" W h~ t is ;Ul I>O""'" ;0 'his po,
tion i. ,hat wi, ~ ( h"c""r;' i. ociu<kd f,mu hoth ,be ten ", .-d",.
ami ~ ..... ''';; "'hieh
O ril:"0'. tu nd;""eo,,,1 " ... ,." 'h~' 'h" '''''il
os""'" is not a 'real "", "",de b) God. T hi, is ",,' I"''' or Ihe pro\'idw ,ial cre"rj()Il, i, i. nell'dlio n of <,,,,,tion rail"" tl~", a P"rt of it.
Thi, .,k c, ... ,.,- is 'h e ,,"delle) ~ Il d unrca.ulg dP"., [0 ka,l being
non_bcing, it is the 1><"';>1,,'" den;al of ' he <""nil-to '''Cl of God
a",1 ,"", i>-it)" .owar,1> no. hing,,""': thi' ,Ierual h"" i" origin u, the Fall
i"'hich ") '~n. il fol"'~"J origittai crea'ion)
acconiu)gi)" ~I)r
~l anj d"" 1\ P<>" ll of ';<w ., ,"plic"I)" n:j<;;tro. ' ndwd by n, me.'"
Accordillgly, a di "i l\ct~'" i, tlm.,,-u bctwccu 1">001, ~ 1l(1 r>'w~,,, ,.
The former p'T1ain, to the initial cre.tion, ."-h"",,,, the I'''er .ug
ge" xi ,,~o,", 0.. , of Ihe h tl. '" A, , 1\01l'er poin< . i,rub, ,b.lioc,;"" i, mad" 1><1"..... 0 rA',,, ,, ami ....
<l,~ I,"er de, outing \1",
"",ati"" of,!,,,,,,,,,
110
III all th ru c~>c> Origc" allu<b t" bi. ,;<". t hat th< fon ncr ere
ati,,, :.et of God 1"'11"';'" to a ~;ilit)" whic h i, th e di,'u" OTte. SUlce
,he'e is "0 C<>'1>o:aliry ,,,,,I ti'n~. th ..... C'~ " l ~' " 0 ,lOlioo of ;,,,1,P<'ndcnt lift applied to ",e,ture". ,\, h< 1"""" 0"' . t he (, ...1 <",. . i"n
p'rtlIit" to the m~].; l\g of t he . " h"al"f w.>'.."v " of .... tional
'"!;!I'''''
,n<"
,,,,,I
i"'.,
'ol"
o"atu,., . pet th;" 'making' .,,-"" 'ill \\";,oom ' .'" Th i the .,,"" iD
,.
,~
ft.I'.", I 1.
h.. ,,,
th~
"",'nll.s o.n",.
' 'Ill)' ~ Ot#"', ~"'. " ..... , ~ ;...,.....", ;, the &',,",,1;"" " ",If ~ IDcb ...
nw.... n ................... ;m",,,d ond ,,,",, .. kd ju ~ 1...-...... ,....,. "" IOuud "' """
"rip<und p,"""!t ... '" """""', p,>n' loo miglu "'" d ... "'"" ,..."'" ."~ d",
~ "oo.""""", >l "",l;t} of the ~_~ u, fact he ""'" '" ;,., fi}o/<lt. XHJ. The ~,.;o
po.;ot, """~'" ~ tht 0;,,,,,,",,, l>'lw"" tht ,~o
n.-Iy oh<,....u..../
",Kl "'" .....1 on<' .
.,,,.tioru,
12.1'lO;.
' ~"Jp",~, PG
, ~, .... l U3, U: ~
",,,,".Io,.....,..." u.;,
'",bo"""",' '"l<I!'"oI> """ 'n,.'W""' or , .. ."... '''''.. u...... ""h '" hum"" "''''''' __ I
"'" tht . odnidu.J ..-.,,_ o,w-n .. "'f'lk.~ ,1... """ ... ....,0<0 of..." , .I. ~
m'" ,,,'"""" ow; ~ ;, ~ the "",old c,utioo.
CHA'"
u. nu''''.
whieh God o~a.ed wi!do!l1 n, a bt-gjnning to",'anl ' hi; worb. '"
\I'h~' ,,'''' a" uaIJ) (rea'e,1 i,. ,I,, fomw, 'fI'anon ".,., " ,'isdom"
p"",< ;,"d a, a '"Y>1em nf "bjec" Qf mn'"mpl" ion , . _and fom\> .",1
r"""",,,' arr"rding ' 0 "hieh
b"illl('<' " "'CI<' m,dc, So ma,
and cre",i,., "ud 'h< 'l~je., , , a)](1 .110 ,,,I>a ll > WCI'<" mad,
"010' of 'he fon"'" whioh were iu wi<odom' and tho .. form , were
f,,,,,,..
'M'
",,,,I,. '00 ,
T,,,,, ,",,<''!<',t; atld yiW(I'; l>Ou" '0 .h~ 1'""'Od.;,,,iaJ """,ion" hC"'d,
~M""',
''''8''.
;:.l.a,,""
The core of 'hi' ,loftn n" ;< i"'plit-d th rough the no.io", of ""I""..
alld 1<01.6" .... Y" ,Iu. i! ""' f.~r ""' O rigtll i. p,~"a"',1 10 gu' he nl'~c"
i'l)" ,,~h.. ~'a' he ~ no< "i,h '0 el.I",,,,,,, ~II)" f""he" " "11,;,
ho""""" d ...", nOl p'''''en' hun f,om higltligh';ng 'h" ru>1ioll of 'com_
ing iu.o be '"g ,~" of nOli "being' .h rough ou, bi. "'';tiug,. Croature.
aWeare,1 "(mm nob"Ltillg' l i~ O1i . ';"',ow)'" alld from ~,oll""x; ,,",,<e"
I'~ ,0\; ~~ ';""-'<;1'" o" d ,1"') 're<:<"ived b.,o'g f,om (;00 ' (u"" ''-'' &0;;
'Q
.:WH 3.~,...,,,,)...
,I .igl\if"-"",, , pun' is h",, h< I",." 'he 'l l,,,,,ioll of ,,,,.., prop"',
II'hcn he come. '0 cxl'iaill ,his, ail he ,I,,,,, is ' 0 eXI~)1"~1 'he "ie,,"
,~ f'ro..' 8 , 22
'~ ~ I,
-.Mo.
7(1,
X,'I: XXXIX,
XIX_
></1\ J2,
". JOO
cr_
_ 'I,w,
-J_
"".1.
"'
of ploilo<oph." <Jf difk",,,, schools vf ,hought . Ik ,Mc,," all accou ,,'
of
<!>knCc i, """'''Iiug to ""heT of Ill"'" who ",.;',,~in ,h.~t
the ",ali,y of i"roT]I"""," 1), U'!!' ti 1'';",;,')",'" or ..... ronli ng to 'd,,,..,
"ho hold
'he ",aliI) of inr"'p""':<I tiling' i, ..",,,,dar; .od ,h:.,
"h.,
t)""
""'0"'"
,t""
tci, own on 1hi> que;on ,d\ic h ;. ""renin l)' no' jncld"",al. 0 " ,h.
c",,,,,,,..,. ...
co<,(r~r;.
"I'''
Ut",
,10=
'0 ""
tk,,,,,,,.
'0
,I. ,,
g"""
&u.:.a.""'~'~.I . '"
Wha' ;, for ""re i. ,ha' to him em"". 'I'", hrough, imQ b<ing
ou' ,>I" uo,hillglle .. , '; \lce God 'foulld es!CUCc lJ ucT"a'ed ' ,,,ye,,,,,
irr/'w'lf<lv .~ t" till' oOOjav l.'<I God lti, ... df i, '1"1'011(1 """",,ce'
IW.
AIIh<>ugJ1 ""
~
,1<6"{,.".,,
or '" .. "". wlU<k ..,. propou ..1<d ),,"" ",'wJly pm-.Un ID ,boo.. "hoo\o or ,hought.
'H
,~
_ ;; ,.,.,... "'"
I, PG 'HI!.
ClIAJ', U. nn''''.
"'"""tt'
""",n_
.hi.
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h"
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hi,
"y.,,,.
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~ '"~iou~l
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i<'k .., So:.> t IC a """ """ ""lW"'ts ' be ,'c'Y b.:i ng, 'be ("'1ok'gi"al ,Illu". i, " .... be ""ribu'ed 001)- '0 " "",.,e,l ",ali,y. Speaking of God.
O rig'l'll dO<:S 0\0, \n'I"i,... U.'" h;' """'''et" (k:'" of ~ U d",", he 'osejl_
la'''' abo,,, it). He ,'itnp!) ""l\(~'" ab.." " tbe 'lu<->I,o" of
God
him><lf U, Th" ' llJ N ion co n.,i1\M> 'h" heart of ~_ II,H ,he",
;, DO ",;,Ie"ce , ha' Urig<: n "'-el' "aq>ted ,lte , le>.- th ... 'he ' I""UOD
"It.t i. d,i.~ It; "'TIV) ,lto"ld be 'akOCll ",i,h it< l\ ri>tot<lllill 0.) ""0_
,.,ioo,.
i<. a. indicating 'he '",""oce' of a ,b ing ,
I" fac'. hc find< 'he ' I' ""io,, '~lx,, " ,h...",,''''' of God ' (. ,~i
oiKr",~ fO~ e<o~) inaocu",t<. Thi, i. "'h y h" n,,,, 'h" word '"" i,
were ' oiov<\) and wo"dc" wbetLe< i. it p(",ib1e '" , ",y anything'
" {ft.i" tl! ~bou' i,. He ,I"", " O! p",h 'he qu" .. ion lOO far. b", dearly
,ugg<:'t< .ha" 'pt"akiug of r;, ~l, the qIlC"jOH i, u'" , impl), obooo.inglx""'c~'n eO'l>Ol'cah,y ~ " d ine'"1", ..." .)i'),_ G",I " lx'yo"d , hem born
'b)' ';I lUC of hi, ",.uo'; ') ""d I...."-"r ,p>Jlri~ <tt; ~~",,~.,\, If "nc
,,;,hc. '0 I;,now wl",' G,~l <s. ,hc a" ,wc , ca" be fOLJlJd iD J oh" 4,24,
'God ;" Spiri". Tberd"", ~bi< "''''''''' ''. '" i, "',,e. i> 11;" >piri'~ \" ;0>'"
oiKrin d,m "",,,;; , i) .v"'~" '_ "" Ob,io" , I) ~\c 'I'U'il of (; ",1 <aD " O'
U\ '''' )' "'~ I" -" " I... f'g",..1 ';''' I~)' lb ro.'g h iocorp"""'ili,). For born
", cO'l~""ali l)" ami <<>1'I>on:ali,), bdo" g '0 ,h, <n:' UJ ,dy n:a~,)'~ therer"re, ' hey arc ollt"I.'!(icaU.,- I"'''<rio, ,,, ' hc I",i llg of (,, ,.cl.
T he poi", which chIded H. Cm"",1 a nd M. Simoneni ;" ,h;,,; It
i, ou<' , hin g (0 ,pe. k of fIIlMlQ"" ~ k"""",
Iou, to ' peak of flllIj/Q." 0/ an ;"dirU/ua1 h"""", ~ i, ' I" i,e """,h,.... T h. f..nner came
""0 hcing ou' of nothing"'"" " 'ith 1.1... pI1J\'i<kn,ial m-ation. Th" 1.,_
,"""d.,-. ' hc ,u\" "tllce of iJ\di\;~ " .J 1""""1> app""" !J with
'h<: "ctu,J "' oteri.,1 erea.ion. O rigcn i. cxplici. ,ltot ",bat "'., erc_
awl ;0 ,he ",,'ual c"'~1io" ~'as "'" o,J)' ' m"nd mJ..~) ~"d '.pt"'i....
(01301 hu' aJ"" ' indi'idual lxings """0' ;" f~,", It< i, ~, I", in.< to
<mpha":,e thi, l'oiHl ' hroll~ h 'h,' ~"P""';o" ',,,,d J focn, my rd" ",i"D
0" "'h Clhcr ,hi. hold. tnJ~ al"" for in~i,id " .1 oxi"c nce' (i-t,;, t<
~ioIT)~ ' <i ""i ,it.; oiKrim;\. '"
T he t ,; ,kal cohdu,io" 0\" of ,Ilb ,m'e"'cOl is du.: 'n e ,u h",,,,,,,,
of *"- """'''' "hid) i",ut,,, no ind" 'id""l i,) "as <"'.<cd in liw
p'O" ide n,,,,1 crea,ion , 7/rU i, why 'ho p",,'i. ~,,"i .l cn:ation i,
3. UlCO'l>orcaJ. Fo" C','etI ""br . 'I>c"ki,,~ of 'hum"" "",,,rc. who
"'h.,
,b",
iW"".
'u
."",,,!
.~ ~.
13. XXI.
b- God .,
'fi",'
. ""'"'.--....., I. XJX.
00
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nil''''.
<,><.1,1 p<>ibl)" tal.: ;1 "' ",m cthin g """"",/ or =porml? 0" 'h~ ",her
<"',,,;,,,,.
'0
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,ho,
''''''''pit.
,;.b .n
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<""",....
or
Thi, IMSSag..: c,," I.. ,ak"" ". "",ht:",ir ,ioN' " siuut.< 0"" is fo,,,,d
in G,,'ck, "God crr~'cd a ""to'n: "hiel, i, ind,,,,,,,,tiblc atld " k,tI to
him" (ii<P&p ,,,,, r&r 'I';".v ",,,,,i~ 'Ut
"un<"'~.' "
T h'. ;" "',;0 a point ,,'hen, lhi. ,hollglu i. radically rurr.''''Tll from
'he Gn""ic OTle. T he inco,poreal of ,",io",,1 crr"'"re> ;. '''kiD' '0
(;od, Ilu, nO! '(o",u l,S!;,", ;" I' "';w hi",. Such" dis';"f1ion ""ould I..
in<"'J<~i,"hl, b)' a Gno"ic. Iksidc, . ,hi, ,,,cO'l'orc~1 ~"dcrg<J\"'
'change'- "'i,h,,, 'h" "wki: "
"0' remain 'int"c.- ,hroogho,,'
the "pi>o<k' of its mixtllrc ,,'iw rn,wa- ,,'hich i. abo o".t<q>tablc
to 'he Gno;tics. ~iuall)'. ,hi. inco'l>OI'C;,1 ,,-a. '"" "k', 'l1,m: i. no
,n",,,,
,Ive.
ClIAJ', u.
nil''''.
'I"<o,i"," "bollt the ' ",ali,y' of the Ill,,,,,rial ,",wkl. ",'hich ;, ",ga,~ed
.... fllUy '''' 0. just a, 'he "atc Won: the P.U ...... III Gno.tici, ,,,. Oil
,b e "the< hand. "1"\1<" bd"i " onl)' Ih~, of ,h~ ,ran><."d,nl ,,"O<ld ,
0" 'hc,," Ih,,,' I>o;n", O';W'I)', tho,,~h' i, .heer!) difr.'I"Cm rmm
G"o"ici,m . H. rU"ch rega,d, the,"" ,h, 'opic, '" ,h" fu " ,bmen,,,1
characteri,,; of Gn""ie ,h"u/,'h,. '" IrclL~CIl"'" ""'e' th. ,. '0 'he
\ '"Icrninian.<, ' he 'l"ICUJII",ie gCllemtio,,' I,;, .~~" """",u,m;v) i.
and remain' "".51JI,WlI;,,[ ,,;,h 'he ' .\lolher'. 'he (;",uni", '''';1)" ,ha'
;. ' ' ' ' "''(11) of .he plem",a ib,rouilcl<>V """IWIV <ii ~~, pi). Clemcll '
of ,\k ",,,,dria d<ab ",;,h ,('" G"""ic ''''''''' of OOI",'b>,..n'i.'~tj" 1""Il'-"''''
God .",1 lll 'U iu hi>
Origeo doe. a/lim, ,hat ~'Korpon:" I ,,"'un:' ,,'" 'made' by r;",I.""
""~';Jlg ' hm nO, only the '((Orpore"l" . but abo the 'iocorporeal' "re
'm:.d .. ("M"'.6r ..... I."" He """., hold, d' al both ;t\c0'1",,.,,,,1 and co<prca1 t\all"c are ,u"'"lltiblc of eh.llge . Th" r""",,, \"h.ns". ;n mi",1
iill 'en", of ",or..J 'l "ali,y ,. wb<fc" the btter d", ,,g<:S ;11 '1",,1;,) of
'tt~"er. " ",id.,., Cn:"Uote. are ' ''><<1',ibl" of c h~Jlgt "" ...,oo\lU' of
ne.tu",1;"""" . ' (;",~Ii.,n of
prupcr Ib~o dO<:S " 01 '''!!S'''>'
",'lku'g of "") J)<'...."h'~ i"'ii,idual. The 1',lIcr took pt"", onl)" ~'he"
th e
c",~' i",n came int" c."<i"el\ce.
Thu. ,&",.., !"'w"".." amI ,'<10'. poin' tn the actual erra,io" of
th e worH tha, i . 0 'he CTea,,,,,, of ra,;"",,1 CTe.",,"'. which h~,"
" p"WIIll w.~1J ""d , lif< '!! Mrit "" .. ; ~,e) "". ill " E,lIcn 'l'lus.
hdongi"/,' '0 a ",~Ji,) COml'k1d)" d;,';ngui"J)ed rrum ,he di,';ne
Accordi "/,' ,,, ' he V.klllin;;'n d"""; ,,,' ofer""t"'''. "hieh I ,",e'ched
abm'c, ,11. 'fin, ' who 'fell" had al,,:ady a life 'of hi. o",'Il ' . I" ,I..
p,imonli;d ""'c . thi, 'fint' ,ttirrored .he ,li'; l1e life. bu, he ba.1 hi .
0"''' lire '" weU '" ((O"",i"""..,." H ~ r~1l ",oJy
he [<"gO< hi,
""." lim ;""i"n, and th, "o"d of c",' h olh,, (0 ""I'''""n' 11>< ,, 11<.01<
t!;"; ne fulill c".
1n !l,ce'
I", Ihi', .coo,ding '0 Origm. 'hcf'C "'''> "IJ i"di_
,;'1",\1 =a,,,,dj" life iu 'he primC\'~1 "",c. Life w .. the .Ii,;"c life
S,,.,,,,""',.'"
.....,t""'
",,,,,,,1
lire.
0'""
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f:..,~
Y~ .... ,
a..,,",
'''''''''-l
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u..d
ro
. 1.0 ".. , n
93
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",,. ;. ,.
,ha,
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iW of
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"ifO' ~
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ch.u """ .
ClIAJ', u.
nil'''',
If th<r~ " a ,,,,,ion of 1~31<)Ilic d 'lali.sm h<re " amdy. d""h,01 <.>f
"I'irit.' MttcT' ,Iti. i, TII"re l)- an ;,,,,,Ucttll ,l, n'" nil attu,," Oil<". Origcn
,",'as ""'''"l: of 'he 11alO'cic '''0 .... On the ",loj'"{"( a"d
fail to
,.,~",..~" hi, olm "'''C, to th,'m. Ahbough h,. d"", ,,'" cL.b<, .. ,,' 0"
h is 0,"," eO.ICcptio " of tI,e fall, he highlight> it> dilfm,,,c< from 1he
,lot-, "'"
Gt"c<:k 'XVI""
Ou' loon! ."d "' __",ur in<IeI ~II""". '0 W a""tJ,,, ~-orld, "h;"h i.
dit/"N"u.ft to dcKtib< ,,,d dcp;' , ~ ,
tnlt,it, b<)"ood thi> ,'i,;hl< 01".
t"or IIC ' .'-" '1 .,,' ,,'" of
"orl,f,'" a,td ~'" "on!! '1 "''' ,"-" of
.hi, "'url' f.
~"" be ",.. of """" oth<r ,,'odd. I
alJ'<'~<I )
.. ~I tI1~, iT i< di (f","h ror ,,, 10 '-"Plo", ,iti, ",l"r ,,'o,\d: "",I for
",a""", tit., ;f "" d~1 w. ,J,m' """,Id b<- no\; of si,i ns ""ne ,,, ... ,
,I\<: io. l''<>'''''' ,ha, "'0 .'e . lftmW'S ~ .. c;w'<1.'e of (cH.in ;on.g;.
n.,)' Ronm ~ hich tI1" C""'." call
F"r i, i, cell.inlj f""'igtt 1U
oo:r ,1'lOde of "".,..,ni,,!! 10
of "" inc.,,-p""';o] ~'ufl<l tha, "'"""
"""'y "' ,t.' n.. ,td, r.,,"Y or tI1~ " ,1""",..1 .... !(I"" of mi,1<\: :0",1 I"",,'
IIl<"n ,.""Id allinn tit .. tbe S,,"iou, t ..,c finn, ,J ... ,,,,,, (If ,ha, , ...... i llt.
"ill go ,hitl1d I cl" ,,'" ..-.:.'"
,tu,
"'gg<"
'I"''"''
"""o.al
b""
,t""
'"1",,.
I'latou;" dua~"n ;" tJ,co "xplicitly ntitCted. Ration'" l>c;,,~, '" ;"w
'"io:lual I~,,,,-,"~l i';"'. art"' coocrin:d as "",i,ics lta"1tg a >1])(10".1 1.00,1)"
a, ",tll a. ~'Il\ething incorp",,,.1 in ,hem ; Y'" ,hi, di"inC\i"n i, but
an in,dl<'<tual depic'iun of ,htic Il .luf~. " \,
,ha, "-i , i, o,~)
""",.od
in i<ka ami th ou~ln that a tn"'~"'~ ,,,b,wncc ;" >O],.mhic fr<o", ,hem,
rwd ,h., "'t hough ,hi> >LJbotaucc '.:cH" to h.", betn produced for
1h. n, or aft' ''',n'. Y~( ~'''l-' h:,,-,. "",..r ~'-etl or .10 ~'''l' li'" ,,-ill,-
'.. -"*"',
~,
hf~
17, "
er. J"''''.
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I; , 2<
, .. Iho<, IU.ti.
,.. /'tW. 11.2-2 , TIt< " 1"""""'''' ltM, bun prod,.m r,om thtru ..... ,.ru, them
>h<m' ""' , Rufi"u, !.od no< ~ ,he ~ '''''''' ,,]" Origt:n "" .he 'I""""'"
of "'" ",I><ra,,,,, of iodi,-;'luoI
<IT" U""" " ~ '<1",
~""'
. - ", on.;,tai
point h..J ..dud"J d ... notion of U,;, ",botanu<Xi~i"" " i iliout lqinning,
"bot,,"
IU,.",,,,,
'0
',h.
h '" 1'",,"1 l.y .'"")' , ~.d""'tion, ()"""gioout (he "'Iwlt ,. Scn l ~u""
,I"" ,Ill" vu ;,... "" ..... <..... ,ed b)' God ,,"I d"" ,I>,.,e i . ' IQ ""1>"",,,,,"
"'hid, ha>
=.;,.,d it! ,,;'n," {'Ol ll ~iu', ,,Jti<h
,,<1 ,~ __
nu,,... tb<
f. bd.,.
bj' >on" , ' )'31 ,b,I'< ;" 'U."<1"
"hid, ~ >-< ...
"hh God 0" Lb" tI", ,,, .'" w,bego",n >11<, ill
"'Mm ,be~ ",',,,lid It.." i, 11", (,,,,,I ih'pia,n",) "'. "" "u"'~ tI" 1'0 '"
( i l'k of 'Xi""",," ~ . ,1", q".Iitv ~", I r,,~ of , I... i,- !if<. '"
1'' '
",r,,,...
'."sI"
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",.1
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n'. p,
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VII. 7.
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... - ; . . 2, X\,I],
'" ru., \'1, 71; I' l l, :18, ~ .n., Pnw, I\'.V. AI., m I~, in Ir..w.tiuo", 11_"'"
.. I...., I ... '"~ Ly J"",,", ....111_ , .. I",*,", 9.6.'. <nu.!."d l'!
..... _
"'" u..
ott.."..,.
of~ cIoo~"
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u. nil''''.
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\\'hw
i'll'" 'h~ I""~"'lal ide", ;,)" of" r~';Olla l <",a'ure is to
b" found ill hi. ,,/M,m ,,, 0<><1 ""her (hall ill the cn:.ture i"df
....g:lr<k:d ," a" isol .,~d ""d i" d"1>,,"<I,,'" , ,,I,,;,,",,,, . Tbi, i, ,,-h)"
Ori!!,'" Sla"" 'hou!ihl> , uch '" ' he f<ollo"';,,!!,
,h.,
"l<'
"'
'
1
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""'")"" ta" b<- p"""W ro ,., "'led . ,,6 ", ,,,,,,lk6 1'1' the p"",i.
d,"", of (;0<1;"" Ood 'mode . 11 ,h.jog' h)" '1""'00 .ud "'ea>U,"" for
'0 God Lbtle i. ,.... Iwog ei.he, "i"'uu, ",od or ,,';,IIVU' "", .."",,','"
''''''') c,e.,,,d thi,,!!. (tKre5>re. ~ w ~ .. God, ,it/U h)" ;t> [o,.;'og
"""t;'>I "i"'io <en";" "",,,[0,., . ,od """",,,to>. "'"" i~ ehh" "mO'
l....- in tlo. <~ .. of TIIti"",,1 heinll' or ",.,.",e ;Il .h~ "'-'" c,f 1>0<1 ")
" ,a rt."'"
(re~lU~
It"'''''"
R.garo;n~
fa,l"" '" m",her;" the ",ul', [fatl"" or ",,)!herl: f",- it i> tood alone
"'00 i. ,I", ,,,,aM ", ~I f. ,her of tI", """I. '!lu, i. ,,'b. , "'.00 tt.,he.
11)' <a)~ 0"" AD,.oub.", row",';'" ",od ,>cb oouJ Iw, it> .....,,' b)l>O>Ia'
'" ""d .. "",10 for r<a"" .. of it> o~" ",,,I ,,," [Wc r"a~~"1 or :lIl)"""
40 ""\ / ..10'" "",>;,\ iSI", ;"""t"O" /tt,. ",'
is... ~ lot~"""'
~\ ..,., .. ci ...... ,."
,~
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'.. ,,1/--:.. 18, ,.:: 13.817.
'0
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Th,'," aIT ",rio'l> T>'''''''''" "'hieh ren<ier tl", .",d)" of Origen" co,,
ccI" of c"'mo' au i"di'ptu ' able pre-'''PI,.-" i,iou of ,,,,dying bi.
co.-''''1'' of time. ,I., We ,h"U .,.e i" du< CO\l ""'. d", eO>I(~p' of lu~'
prop<r ;. <lcfi l\ed i.. cl, .... "oITcbt;on to [ho , of Co'""",, h i, 'hen
r~""","ble to aD'icil~"e ,IL" it ",'ill t", 1""'''bl0 to d,'enni ne ..,me
"mibr cha,
principa l dlal"".:'efi,ti", of 'ime i.. COfTc'po"dence
3C1en"ic' of the C<>SOlo-.. For ius'OJ.Jcc. if 'he "0.]\100 ; , held '0 1><:
."mal. (h.~ ,iute .00\11,1 be regarded '" ""mal too. in the ", .. se of
""dl".. duration. l\cs.i,ics. it ha. be"," ebinwd ,ha, O r;g.n hold, dw
lI()lion of a ""rId befor~ tim". in 3 l1a'onic ",,,,,e. Asa;". a ,'udr
in bi. """cqu of",,~,,(,. will oho.,, "h~,hc, or II(~ ca" Ke ,pcak of
CO>'hO:! wi, hou, o"",".~~rily impl)"ing the eoe:<;,t<llC< of ri"-,,,; ,ha, i.
to fmd ou' "10",10,,, (0)1"00 ca" utak. ""me iu 'he ab",oc~ of ,in,,,.
Th" .""""S;" of this rOil eel" of tim~ ",,,,1,1 I", "i,her imp...<;bl"
or mi,kadin!(, ,,"k.. it i, cl,,", ho .... ,h" ",,,mo. i, co""ei,",.!, a nd
whot in co"ten' I''', cOllte,,"" is. 10 i, thercfor<: fu nd"",e ,,, "1 tha'.
1><1",,, a")" rfu<u"';Orl 00 ,im" proptr ,ak," pia"". ,Ir e notion of CO>mo, I", """,:o.;.;rd.
Ori.g'" ,,",' eo"...-.,,, . of Ibt' lId,,1 ;ml'ortartf< of do< ro.-'CCpt of
c",n""" He ofte " foc"""d his a " .I )~i, on the ,,,,, aning "f it; ;ndd.
thcr<" .", ",,,,,e,,,,,, I~,inl> "hcn" b~ tri", '0 iU""rat< S<'lll ctiOlM
through n''',,n-c "_'I,,-,,;,io,", the " ,,,,,,,inll of co"'lO:!. T h" ~
"" C",..ru ;, tht' "'0'1:, whirh " 'ould olfer ,be mOO, .)~'''''~tir anal) oi. on tile qUe";Q'L It ", ... "Id be ",a,.-",abl~ to a,,"m~ th",. in IIL~'
,,-ork. ,I", 'sou,' had t.... " t",awl i" deto,L Tlti, ""'. '" llO\'-~"""'. i,
'0
"'0
ClIAJ', u.
nu,.".
k.., aJl(1 ,bi, .. n ... Mu, gap iu hi ' e~lant "'rili,,!!' .... For. iu hi ,
exegesis of .h,' Fir<! C h"l''''' of (;e"e,i,. 10" had p,..,,;deri ;." eX"'''";,,, :lCC"'"'' of hi, ,-ie'" "h",,( the ",,.Ill,,,_ T hi, i, not ju", a",," ,
jeCh'"" i, is he himself who rruoh' ,den- ne., ,,, l,., '''''1)... , in ,ha ,
cotnm<n,ary. "" U i> conc<J>1;,,". 11011<111<1 .... cau he gathered fmm
o, h,, po;" .. of he. <_"am ,,-u,k. For the J"lI)JOM: of my 'CVie. 'h""
rr/i,.." .... e' "'. <,:"hr, ."I\;'-;",n; for m) aim :,1 ,Ici. I'oh" is co""i<ier"'",' of ' he m"""ulg of
no' 'If hi, CllIil'< Co.mol<>g)\
C<>'''''"',
th.~,
1""."""""'_
GOO.Do
1"""""'"
If)..u.'''''
..
~r_.
3.
",mrn , ou r.....
1,5.'. 'V,H .
... .--"_. 3. " '""" ,
ou C..".
"" /hi,
'" .-c;.." ) , COIn,n, 00
I. 16 I">
Ge", I , l o- H)'
'" ,
,cril~\lml
to"""
)"" .~
a broader
IUcanillg."" Again. ill tbe p"""'g<: 2 Co<. 5, 19, 'God ,.-a. in Ch';',
f<conciling t he "",Id 10 h;""df', the 'enll 'world' ",ftoT> ou!)" 10 t he
eart hly and h\UmUl rc~lill. 1>0< ',,, ,h".., ""i,ring in the ,,hole worl<l'
( pi ,~ tv
,q:. """!upi.""
In (IIfflmjo/m i, ;, once Illur, >1.,od ,1"11 'h"", ~I" "~rio,,, mea,,
ing> of the tenll c",wo. Ox .Ji,:; ' Koo~< ' 9'>",%1 iu 'hr Scril~ " n:, ...
"",I in mmm.1/MI he oncc 010re 1U)(]"",,k.. 'he ''''k IQ d'rif)' 'he
(~n"...,,,, ;rnl"'''' of ' hi' 'ho",,,u),,,' b)".d.." irlg alld interpreting "",-.
.... 1 pas>age. of <I ... Scrip' " .... " 'bcr<' It... ,,' cm ~l't"'4"', Q uo' i"g
~1""h~", l e . I 14, '11'"" '0 ,he ""rid 1(,,. ,he tellll""tion. to "in' .
he ,et< hi, iutcutioll 1\)n h: "[n,elligcre anl<lll "li(l"i<1 I~Mrinlll'. ,,;
"""gr<gcm". strip'u,""""" ex'mpt" in quib". bOmi1t~1Ur m'm'lu..."
H,' dor, "'" by ",r''''i''g lo D " nw"~u' 1'''''''''8<'' or Script"" "'h.,."
is d",
,he ' erlll '"osmos' "1'1"''''''. So. "0"" .honl,1 '"" lbj,lk
.., me 'hing 10 .peak ,imply of 'he "'corid 0< of ' he "'"rld of he .."n
or of the "",Id of F.. ther-.' "
T he couciu,io" "t tl"" poim i, 11.", the ,,.,,al me .niug of """m""
;" ,he Scripture i; nOl 11", or ,10" "Y''''O'I CO'''"'';''S or he,,""" ,,,,d
c." h \W i; Q~"""'" ~'" rii> n""fTJ~".," h,,, 'onl)' the .~ nhlr pLc< '
(0 .. "iyt'''' ~"''''''' "'..,:;).'" SO .....tim'" tlw mcaning <Ji' c""m",, is cwn
,",rro",'f'T. poi'''ing j'''' '0 ,ha' J~H1 of the <an h. ",hieh i. in1",hi,<XI
by people. th" i. 'he oi,,,,,p""~.'" In c"u i, ;. ""ted <h" it i, u.ual
3""
,I.., ;,
'" /10
.. "0
I..""
".Iid,,
"",,,the.,.., ""'"
.bou,
I,
1'IiIooo".
'"
CHA'" U.
nn''''.
(160.,; t<> food 'he lef'" C"''''''' in Scrip",,,, OD the ",noe of 'the
" ~T1h" "
10 i, pbin ,toen 'Ien th ere an: dilk",,,, 1"''1'''"' a"';gncd '" ,h<
term "o< ,no., (hi, m~)" mean 'he ,'i>ib~' ",look wh",h <"n~'l> "f
-hca,-clI . n~ c~r1h' ,'" tha, i,. the ,;.il .... fir",,,,,, e,,' com;,,;ng '"flb~
""XI" "0,1 the ' WI .rod the h<a,,,n l)' bQdi<. <ruled 'pla ne,,' ",'
,),.,,,,,, ,' '' or juOl dIe e.nh ~,piyr,<>; ,6. uQ, or ,hal I,m of dIe "anh
which i< i"h.hi,~d 10) I><"pk Qi <wl'i'v'll, or ,own th e hutnan ClW"
ronmeot itself.'" H"wc.-er, it mould 1>< cOIl"antl)' home iu mind
.h a, all It"-,,, (W~'ITr" mc"ning' aro <mplopxJ for 'h" ",1< of oxo_
1;<'';'' , In im"rp",.ing coruio p"",ag< 'he ;'''1''><' of to'mM whOth
,hool,) be ~",plo)"~d i, 'h'" wloch could in no case k,,,1 10 irrr"'rrnl itnl~ i r.ti"n, ahou, 11,.. gr.n<!o.'" , Of guudnoss of God. Any ;nle ...
p .... L".", of <'''''00'; ,,'hicb "",old IMJO ,I.' rru'gnifnnc< 0< ngh"'" ,,,on'
of God iD qDwiOll . hoDld he di"ni,.e.! 0.",1 ""o,her impon (o:i,he r
hro"deT OT , ... m)WOCT ,I~)uld he applie.! to i,.
l \U ,h~s.e il11erp""aoon' of ' he ,cnn """""", ,h e",fo",. are " pheld
for an ~itn "hkh i, primaril)' 'hc'Ologic~L . [1.... quc"ion 'kn, "hkh
i. im'itcod, ;" 'hi,: ,~d DTig"" hokl " Il()\ion _bolll ' he ",,-'ual ,'"n_
'~n' of co.m,,", "hich would I", ~ Ol"'Urnl " Ole?
" ~, ,lid he ",aill _
..~;" " "a,u,,,1 ron"'1"io" of 'he world. " ' hwl)' indepcn,leot fro",
'he cirrun,,'~mia.l n('Cd '0 i"'''pr<1 R pan;rutar !>oiD! 01' ,1", Scrip''''''?
l),d )", hold ~ I"C""" abou' 0)", \in hi' ,k" ""J-<w.~ "me", .... of
'h e wurld" Did he h",'. a ,he"ry "h<.>u' the c"""' ''' ",,!CI"''' o)e"
"'o,,ld ."'ITe
'h< <X1""i,i(., of hi, c",,,,,,logy'
A. ~ nWtcr of f"", . 1"-'}'01ld all ,h~ """"ifoe ",e~ning\ adop,,,,1 for
'he .:.xe of I"'rtin,lar .~..g>'S'" Origen did hold a rk:u J><:,.."nal
c,n" eplio" of ~\C room"", Th", i, "~ jlo,, "(kod bOO, ill I>,;", 0.",1 in
mall) (,f hi, w, itin!i' ill G",d a~k<.
I" 'he Second I~"'" of 1'nN:, he a((e,,"I''' 'H' i"'lui", i",,, the mean_
ing of 'h e fIC,ual term \o.-orkl'; f'" th" .. a 'enn "'hkh i, frt'l"rn'ly
ill ~\" hol) scril~u"" to to. .... igt'"'1 <lifr.,..,,,, In' POI1.,'' '' He
make. ~ 'ril ' ''I:.' i, in qui,)' i,,1O ,he meaning oft the I" m: ' he n.,me
"'""I'
-n.,
'0
,h""-,,
". rn.c.
U.3,6.
103
c"'''''" in<i;",,,,,, no' only ,to" world but al"" in it> li,~ral ""r... ) ,toc
"",;on of om."..,,". Tho latt~r ;. fou",1 . , ""nruu poi'''' of 'he
Old Te'''''''",''.''" h' Scril~\t" """moo of" "'e~ n, ou, ""roh (og<lher
";,h;,, i"h"l,j,,,,,,, . lI u, ,hi, ,'i,il>l<- uni,,' '''' ,,'hid, co",isl.< ofho~"cn
anrl e.nh ;. "I"" called world, ";tlce Pa ,d .. )~, 'T he fa,hi(m of tl,;,
worid ,,iU P""" "w.)~.'''
Con,iuuing th e U(~i011 ..J 'OJ>O!!I'll'h )" of hi . wodd, Uri~":ll make>
a "'p !urt h,.r: 'here .. yet ""other heawn. of "bO,her bro:~l"r orh,,,,;
,Iu, h".",, oon"';'''' and '1>clu!e. ~'al ,,"~nh "h~'h J""'" 0) 'he gospel
prom;"" '0 ,10" 'm<'C k' and 'gentle "' .nd ,h i, .phel1; i. c.lkd in 'he
h.)/)" ",ri l""'o, the '~'O()( I land' a"d th< 'IAnd of ~,e li\;ng. There ..
,I",,, "nother 'he...."n m,d "" other 'earth' bNi<k ,hi, \';,il>.. firm~n"'m.
Tlut pi,..,.,. how",,,r. ;, hu, one, inood .he high<" among all th e..
"hich cO,"" i""c 'b" ".,.,.Id; (Iu. i, ~n abio:bog pia"" for ,I .. pi",,,
a"d hlo,,,,d, in " '1.><1 Jan,r. ., it ,,'0"', ""d " 'b" d f.,.. ,It< Ii\' ing' ,
",hid, 'he 'm~< k' a,~1 'g<n'I~' ",ill rcc<i\'~ a. "n iuheri'"ncc. T h.n:
are .'ilia oth" place' iu the ,,orld. In geoe",1 though. by 'he "On
',,'odd' he ,,,, <I<",,,,,,d, "all ,h., is al .,we th. h"." ,,,. or i" d,,tn.
or 0'" (b" ",,.,h. or i" "'ha( i.l calie,l ~'e low~r ",~io .... 0< an) vt ",es
(hat . xi " ~tl)''''hcro; tog<oI ..... ,,ith the l)<Ci"g< "ho.", ", id to d..-dl
;n thom . All ,hi< ;. c~Ue( 1 ,be "'0,-101 . "Il'
The c,,,,d ,, ,;or, ;. tbat '~h. emir. ,llli,..... of 'hing; tha, e';.t.
bo,h ", Ie" i," ".><1 "'I",,,,<'I<,,i,". ~"nhl )' a",1 i"r~",,". "'.)' boo ,po~~o
of it> g< tl~l"..1 ",,' "" a ';ttglc p~ff"ct """id. "i,hin ",h~,h ", h)' " 'hich
,I",,", oth., ,,'orld, ,h., an: in i, m"" bo' supp<.... d to boocor,,~int-d-.n<
Th i. i. Origett" fumb",,,n,,,1 ,,orl(l.pict"'~; in his "~,,k pr~"'mxl
;n Greek ,h"rc ~rc " ""te,-OU' rcf,.,-cnce 0 the , ...!"iou, -.p.cd iu
(he "'0,,101. In vI:, be ",fe.. '0 the ~~"" I"'" celestial ' l'a"", of ' he
" 'orid' (Iv ' uU; ~"6ur<"'<i",,, 'Q~ .".,~"" XOlP(Oo; ix""pav{oo<;) and to
,to~ '",,," pLlIe< '"I"'IT.I~.. ';"1 on., ~ ml lOi<;
",9a~,'f"":;
"x'p"" F"'.ioo<;),"" ThHo ;, aI", ",fHcnc.e to ,h" 'act!> e, a"d th.".,
I'I"c~. ,, h;" b ~rc loc~'ed "I)()\'e it" I.. "jet?, oml fOi. aVOH'po> ,,~'''''
roil"".
~ .
., \.
ll. '.3.
I"rio<, ll.3.".
!lw. lUG.
'"
ClIAJ', u.
nu''''.
to.;Ol"''''' ID iIaV" it i. voimed 00' d ',1I .1", "kingdom or G<o:i ... ctII"",
from ' h e .upCn01' pl"c~,' (o.~6 '.,V <pm"".".. X.op("",' ;"'1 ~I"I i "
"""mflIo" it i, . ' '''.....xl ,ha. ,d,~n wc "')" ,h'" , 10" gmI'd 11 .. h"cn
gi"'" 10 ,h,- whole world, b) ....-orld i, meant "()' on~ dl< e."I~)
1'1"".
Iq.
~<pq.:iq>
'0"1".
I~"
"""n1Il""
1'13<'" wbic h ' Ie ' up ' arc UlIIIlCTOU' ,,,,d .mung t hem 'here ar~
<J;ffe",,,c.,.." lu ,. ......1/.11 he n.:f~rs!O l h~ ' heaw'J)' place>' 10(oP(,",,}\
<6'U11'" p"lIing 'he term, it> the pIUF.I . Like,,-;.., in "/1',, h~ 'P<~lts
of th,' 'dimmer "1"'('" (o.".ep"'.o'i~'~ t"'PtO'iI'" u,;ug I'lurnJ t, .
lu 'he "Ule ,,-ork h< 'peak. of '>-ario,,' world, tou'O .o",iM.u<;
'"'tu.....'
,Go,,,,,,
"<r.,:
Cb..,:.;"",,,. w 11.. _
of ."""",,
"'1',,,,-,
'"'
,,,ie-pi,,,,,
diff"",,,,,,.,
of) ,h, IA>go,,'" Chri" ' ''",',nhd .... i. P'''''''"' ill "11 ",Rh of hf.
sine< 'oJl ,m;o" al ".'uftl ~"nieil'.lI< ill Chri,, ','" Rationali,y (<>
~I is >l"b~t c.",h~.J,,:, a c<n,w, .fliui,y [x-'''"CC1l God ~ Ild =a
t" ""'''' (;rt~tur". 'canno, I>t rtg;"'ded ,.. !otally a~"na'e,1 frum
God'''' preri.d, "n :":({IU,It of ""~r riU1_lit/. en,,, 'hough 11.... <irgree
of I"lltionalitr in ralionai "",a",,,", ,ari... C hri" . a, l.os"'. d,,..;,n<l.
to all mu .. of life'" aJl(I ~, I'rc>1I ill <~ch nI,;oll,,1 eTC"tu",.'"
E"en ,<t.cmo,," are "'gald1 ... created b) (";",1. nO! a. ,1.1",,,,,,,,
but in""," ""h .. the)" ",e mtiollal cre ...
(~"Q..\ h>-t,,'() i """'.'"
'['I~ , ltigher a 'hc~\"C'" ,11<- ,Ius .. , <0 ,I", Log"; 'hi, u bd;'~"d <0 t..-.
Thi, i, 11", ,..;n", ill "'hicb ChriSl U 'th e [,jllg of I",~,"' "'' and l,i.
",.>
-J_
,hi.
l~, XL ,\,
p<>in< m.-.. Off ...." ,.m".. oIy "".JI ~" " ' ID<
K PTw",h<n in lh< 1,,;.,0 I", J ' b " b
.,r ,.."
!o.cao1t",J' 1""" ,.,,01> 0 ... ,.,,,.,.._ 0( """ "'"''' ..... "'" .pI '"' (.1; ,ot.;) ~~
I~ (Motl) xw.>i"';' ~ tt'..v. t, p.:/&O' llhinl th.>, ......,.o 0( ~ ~'hi<h
,~
oo.g;n.J
t<>L.
Pro.....,
,,,
"'"
""'-'I"<d, .. ;, ;.
",ua! <'f"""'Ooo ofO<W"'~ TI... Ih< t,,,,,Iluuld,,. ",...:l,h"" -'" W<;'pO 1ii;
(.1> ~ "'~ .0.",", {1",o!l6o ..;> l"';ot;"; C~ ,"" a1>oc. <A,oW. c..._:o,
.., SJ_
,~
Ill, p. 170. n. 2.
2(1, ",,",'111 .
.-JoIo.
""""'" J
vis,
IV. 25.
,~
"", .~
G~ .
'''.JUolo, X"III
,- ru..
IV, 6'i,
"'"
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lh~
l",,,-er
1'' ''''',
() r
<.>f
n p... of the bigh" ()n~'. buo i, i. l",wreign!)" ov",] all (he bighcr
I'I"(~' "'hid, ha,,,, l~'"" calkd b"a,""",';'" ,j,;' t~"a",, Cbri" ,be
l..<og<A has full ~"t horit~ "'101 (111) ",":r onc hea"-,,. hut O," T ~Il ,he
hca,'e",,'"
'00",
"1\,,,,.,,,.
,It"
,,,'
.r,-,; I!'
'I I , ~ '" ).., .n ... n.:r world. bejo,," ,hi> ,;,iIk 0"', ~ h i.ch; , di/I=.cu],
'0 docriloc . ,,.j depi.ct ,n ""tu.,] tMh . For he ...p . ] .. " ,,'" of thi
... _1I'1l I !, 7.
,hMe
. , I",
di,to"". ~ "y...
,.r
,"" "AlL
"''<1'
C . . ....TION OP '''~
""Ok'."
107
A, ,hal .,..,in' il i, ",ma",1 ,I"" ,hi, n",ion can in "n ,,"ay I>< rdu,,,:I
,h~ Gr<:ck onc abo,,, a 'piri" ..1 'worl<1 "fido:,,. \\1,,, ;. iUlp~c<1
.. ,b ., J e,u>. in ,Ie""'b,ting ,,, ,be houmUl raok or lite. b... I'"oed
' brough 'he high'" world . Thi, i, why 'he ,,orld. which J <""
"lw:,'" al "" ". " '","e" io <t u>!i,), a.od glo,y, lou , ;, " ""et"lhelcss co'"
.. incd ,""'i,hi" thc limilO
,hi, ""rid','''' which ,>\l,;"u<l\ allude. to
'he ul~><ro",,' m"k ,,{ life . iD " hich Ch';', ;. ((Jl(le"".~1 tn ,," ign, ". ,.
T be term u..,d 10 de""'e th.,.e particular 'pi"""" ,, bich """'I"i..,
,10" ''''u," ',i,'1;I"'''' ""011d ;. l<1'I'>io" . 'l1> i, is deri,'.,l from;(,""", ,,'h;cb
'o<~'" ),I:,e,' or " I'aC<"'. T hu. X"'I>tOV ,", .... " " pa" icul: 'I'","e. It
i, "'m.,,,b)~e th .. ,10, ".,m, (cml !ii>r>o. i. "",,:I in tnoo.'m iCier...".
f"'rticularly iu Ihe ",.lIl< ", ,,io:,,1 'hoor,' of 'l,ac.,. 10 i, al", . ig>liflC" nt
(h~ t Origcn h.~, olea .. gril!p of the ditle,entco among (10"", par
,ieo,"'" 'I"c~" ,he) .,.. "'" o,,,k'f'>'ootl in I~n", or'l"ti:,1 ,iis"",,,,,:
(he,., SI'"'''' are ",-p,,..,,,<:I (n)m ea,'h OIher b)" mean' of ~ c.rt~in
i(l'ithWl/'f, nOl gcome'ri,.], di''''n'~'_ If <:I"",. 'f"''"'''' an ' '" I~' ",,~ m
ul<d (011)" in tenn, of g>",mct rica] di>1an<. thcn there i. no ac,ual
,Ii"a"ce am",,!!, .hem , 'hC)' .... all hen:. on the eartb . Thi. "ohou
i, upheld i "
throug h :'" aw,.:,1 10 CI~",,"Ul or Ro>,,' ",ho
'_.peaks "f ",h"r P'"'' of 'he ,"""dd " 'h,ch "001'- of DU' peopl< can
..""h, rwr can a tl )' nf lh.,.., who
there c"" .. """ ,,, "" a tld
(hese pari, ,hn,.,I,-e. he eaU",1 "o>M,,, ",.h"" h" ,,",yo, "Ib" """an
;, i",~ ..... iLlc 10 "'c,~ and me """Id. beyond it arc g",-ome,1 I,)' 1I,e
", m' ordi11anceo of (';"d l h~ R .. kr:""
H",,'~~'I'. in 'his I..:",,, portion ;, ;. !1"t d.:" "'be,ber CI,"," of
Rome r"g;uded ,h" ,~"allce I><t",. n ,h. """Id" a" a >t,ati al O!l e. OC
,,,)t."" Orige n, ou the other hall<!. ;.; c;otq~oric:J n" thi> IlOiDt: iu
'0
or
fti.,.
Ii,,,
.,r.
,.o!.> or
1"',......
or u..
"",,,,-,,,,,,..we
tloM_.
or
,,"uroU.d
or
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,,/F..r. h< nl'li.;j,ly "a... ,h" th ... ""her work!. are Oil tilO ~3.,h :
~r"hcTO
arc """au~y other "..0,1,[, 01' 'he earth "",I thi; C~n nbo bo:,h""" from our iucalion I~~W""' ; for il ;, also Cl~n"'n' ,,'ho
.. )~. 'Tt... "",.'<1, i, iml'M,ilM ,,, ",c" ~"d ,I,,'.., ,..." ld, [>" j"o"d ;,
are 80\,,",1 b)' ,he ",,,n< omi,", tlc", of 'ho R"I",,So, ahhollgh Ori gcu', world i, ,)ne and ". inglc'!" it to'"P"""
1""';0,,10, ".",ltl~ ;o.;n..:rt h, lc ... b<illg throbg;"". be j. pr;",arily
i".<"""",1 001 ill th""" world.. , "" place" buo in tl,. ,1",<11",. of ,hem.
T he "",linen! "'[""'11<" in I~,/U' is '1" ;'" '".<1'...,"';\',,; Ihe "pl "e... ' coo ...
o llly -"00,,(11).': what i, "guif",an t i, ,h. hj~ntrd'r "f t ho "":ato"e,,
The en,;", <on,,;,uti<Jn or ,10< ,,<>t\d i. I"riou. ond dive,..., rOT i ,
'ou"'" of ,,,;.:,,, .. bciJ,b'" ",od 0<1><1' " " " " cb,;t><. " " , I of \>O<li of
dilfc"'Dt Lin"'" ..
,h.,
amoog ,b""". 100. lh.,, .". 00 >ITIall diif< ' ''''''-"'~ f", .om re ba, _
b> .... n~ od" ... G .... ek . "d of ,he I"",ba";"", "",or "'" "ild" .mJ
f"'IT" , ~ ..,..",., ut","" . ... ,uor< 8"'''1<.- . . , . . "1"1, .. " .'" ol"" Ct"rtain
""';';1,,,-"
'0 ~ lticb ,ho m. ,,"!!<m<lll of 0""8>
,"flh is
""tJ\No"d; .nd ",.
],.1i..,,, W:.l """-<If! U-. 10<>, 00
<fitm"""
","". ju" ., " f",,,1<l
I", lloe <2><' >JTIOJtg ,,,,,n. 'lbe .[><,,,le Pa,,1
1'<"''''''.
m""
"1'''''
""all
'U
uod<.-d ;on;"..,,,, ,h." ,ru,,-., ...~ .J.o """,un ;"fe-tt,aI l ""'~'" and
'I..... 'n
~kc
"-'T\OJ\g
mO''' OCT a CO,,.-j;tKo, of, -. ri<-ty ' n"" "' "",",I""ily .,.. lo<ill=<l
tur ,.,
d".,
'i"""
'0
",dill...... , . . TI", ,.",n. ~'I",h ""n ,"""'" p""- ...1 tIw- ~,-, ,' lo 1"')'-"'<1 ;~ ....,
,,",,1 1' !he "'"'''' 'njuactiono ,. d.. M.. ",, '" ... I K, I......, 1'''"0 CIa,.;..J I.ib<>r),
,~FIIII"", '-<'i. 1. p. .. ~"
.. uJl;" 8. /,(, 1l. ;96,
~ , """', 11 .3.6,
'" I'nM, 11.1 .1; , . .01,..0, I .... , IL~ . 2 . , ILl.\.; ILl. L 11 .9. 1.
~ ' I;"'; U, !.J .oo -.Mo. I . XXVI]; 2. XX)~ 19. XX .
... """', IU.J; uoing tIw- ~"lI'" or I Cor. 1~ .1O .
'" I'nM, 11.1 .'. 11, j "," ... maloIy ... 1< .. to _
,,ho m,rlJ " ' tIw- '....... , p.... of
''''
'I""''''
,h.
"ate
cn,irc'Y "fr.liow,] "r<a'" .... liling in all 'h" p:.ni~loL,r
of the world "T hc;c arc who <1""U 'ill Ilea,,,,, ",,<Ion ""n b alld
w><kr Ihe eanh,'''" th e three ,e"'" ;"dic-~'i"g ,h e e"Ure "";,.,,,...,.M'"
.~j"cnce
""d rank, of
"Ix>\"
,,,.,,,,"<1
1>.""',
,hi.
Thi, I,i<.... '" ""1',.....,,<1 ;" ItlK, c;u, [", fOIUld ;0 an,1 c!~' lin n 1 b)'
,he " 'riu,,!:" in G,,,ek. I" ("""'11""" 'k ..... is ,<1"~","<," 10 0... crea'u"', " f n lher ""e.:' "hid, h.". l)Cott cre.'ed I" God ,hrough t he
s,,,,,""
I ,I un~
tit ..
r. ,ioo,~l
"'<
t\l
~, ; ,
"'"~,,,al
poi,, '. h~ :' t\ ,"mp~ (0 afford " d"";I'",,,;o" of 11 ... b;g b,.r
I,.,ill!r' h)" 'h eir ":on" .. ba .. d 0" scri p",,".1 P"-W" "I,.,,..
.. """, L'U_ Th.. oCriptund I.....".. "" ~ "i<h on,,-n grou'''' ,10.. ooa.., art
'h< lQI,"''''lI' Iko. I,'; Col. I, 16: fi "'_ 1, ~';""', M ..... 2~, " and Rev. I~,
I (b. Ib, ."'. ,"""" '."id, of the '''''O'"J''''" 12. JI, 11. lO; 16, 11 I',,,.;,,,,, of
thi. ~oM' l: 1
2,6 ' p<inc'" of,,". """w """ '<I.. Ii>'>, 6. 12, LW,,> i . 21;
',11 ,'"if ..piri,,' .... 'UuJ>W'" .... m..." .. ; F1W. 2, 10 b<i.'l! '~.~ hly' '" 'll.r' .....
eo.
,"oh' . I)"u'. 32, 9 coo..;.Jeri,,!: 'tn< ",,,,",,,,,, '0 ,,,>in - . , ." ow.., ... ~ ... "
it ,. Wd ' U", ].ON', portioo ;0 M ,""P'<'
bo"otl ;" the ronl of h~ in"""'
1aD' , 00 Ikut. :I~. 8 '''''l!''~ of (""',,
,.. .-J<Ia. 2, XIV.
J"""'.
,~ ~
1. X)')'I.
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u. nil''''.
h"", Dam",'''' f",m'l. Tb" , he ,ti,i<ie< ,h em ;u.o "god '" ', Itro"",' ,
'domu'iQo,,', p..inC;I'''[;';'~' )luI'-""".'" In " ...... I/anl,, ",,,,~ks of rationall><i,,!!, "hid, ,,,,, '>uperiv' 10 h"m.",, ,it Kp<'''''''U "..of'o'..",. ,"'"
Ili, !{< Il Cr-..J I- i.", tho"~h ;, 'I~,t '-it;' ,,,,I)' Gfl(l "'h"
th < "".
io,,> r<~im<ll " "f",,,b ,.r ,to< f~)w<'" tl ~" ~rc wi,h th"n " and it i.
only he wloo know. (he rn,,,.. of thi_ d"..iJ""~tio" .'" I" like m"",
" ,"' he rrf<>" (0 ~," ,..~"k; of lif" lod o'l ,10,. h Ull",'" ,,"e, '''''''ci)'.
.'l(>"'
dem,,,,,.'"
,t""
The conch",oll i,
,..Lw i. "riedy 1U<~nt by (he lI:l"m 'w,,,H
i. ,he cmire .,. ()f I~tnic"b.r ".",1<1, each "( which """'ai ,,, a cena ill
grade of life. ,\hho,,~4, .hi> ~"""l(" C01l>j"" of man)" p articular '1>'>0<",
it "' <q.;anl,.d as "n'. siugle and J><Tr,..".'" T he tn:,in i",~...,.\ i,
focus<,d on ,I"",, ,,110 bl'C .h, "",
o r> oil< 'pace hem,d,-,,,_ So
Orig< " -, ",mM " ,;nuaU)' the ~"ti""y "f I"""""'. ""<1",,,.<1 with the
cap"bi~t) of fn:c moml nction. m
"0'
Thi, fonda,",,"nlaJ (h<lulc,;on I'I~ys all ;O\porl .. " , ""e and i, ,"",,,hy mean, of a Com mCtn or' 'he fQllo., ing 1"'-'''''gc "f 1'",,1:
AU thin8l' . -<ro 'I"<.d ill him
bc~'-cn
and lloiJI8l'
OIl CI\J\I1. t b;u~. 'bib!< .ud ;u,i.iblc, ~ 1""10,,, II1ro"",. dumi"io,.. , prin_
cipalitie> or I)()I,,,,,. aD ~..re c".. ,ed rloro.,gb him arol ;tI hin~ a"d L"
" b.r_ .,U <=tu",>. ,no:! he i, ,he ~,"" .'"
io
T hi, I,,,,tioll i, ",ken to ,u!!l;'~' 'hat 'he .cnn '\isilolc' al'l~ ic, to
,,IL" i. co'l"-)","l, ... h~"a, iD\i"I~. (kll()'~' ,,' ha ' i. ;ncorp""'''l'''
T he ",no 'i'l\'i,jb!c' poi"" '"
;u l>o,,,,, ;n
~hit;ty 0( 'w<~
"
1"0_
"oJ()U' ,,, .. >hap. n<" po +noT size. a ' 01>,0.-",(:< P'"""l'tiblc '0 tbe noiJod aJooc
~'h;c~
we """
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~n '
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I,,,,,, 'he ,Ioj,,~ "'Nch "'" i" ,i , iblo:: . 'e ",,, o"lr ,"" """". bo" do
,,0<
"",,u f'U-= """"" ,,-Icich admits of th.~ b<illl! ""'''' lb<) "'" ".1..,1
~~ . C;"'....
~hich
,(!rn,,, or
V' >',
ThcOlC ''''0 rauli". I"'''''l\~' arc ,al cu '" 'he scriJMuml ha_,;, for 'he
distmctiob I""w",~ i"cor]>o,.",,1 "",I corporeal "",uno 1<) be blade,
Th;, i. ,he d;"'o<liol\ i" [e"'" of "hid. ,10<" ",,,lie.l l,ao""",><I, ,,,,"
of God 10 Ih" ...-""Id (p.nic.ultrly '0 .,,."" i> porWdycd. A, ;, ,,;11
Le ,loo"",, Ia,cr. , h~ .ame per,-"!" ;o,, of God i,"""d)", hi> lr.\J,.'OC"
d" ,, ;, ~ho cXI'T'C.",d 10)" mcan, of th< "0';0" of a'cmpoml;,y,
Accor<i;llg to , Itb <1;";0<';00. ;m';'ible; . wha, ;< incorporeal a nd
1"'01"'" Ca"ool I~' ""'0 by ,."a50" of ;~
0" ,10 .. OIl ... ,. h:,,,d.
'not ,""c '" i, ,10., ..... hieh ca 'lnot b" "'."'~ no' ""c. ,,,c ,hi, i, in",,
I~>re"l hu, Lccau,," il ;, made of a I;j"d of matter "Io;m "aJU ~ ~ he
""'11 by h,umw,. 'l1lU' wha, is '001 """0' is ,"a"ri.ll. wLere,," whl<!
;, ;m'i,;blc ;" in<orporcotJ I>eY"u,1 au)' c"""",cti,,u ",;,b "")' In.'tter '"
all , Th<" <cnn "I',,;,,,a1' is ..,,,,<"lime< """d 10 den"'le "'" ",,0" P"'pl;"'n of 'mm.t~ri~lit)".'"
Althou~h ,bi. d;"inctioll ;" "0' .",1)' made, bu, al", <~pl",al",l, il
ha_ ;n f:<c' d;"'ppc.",,1 ;11 the rush of prod llcing L1 tin n:ndu;llp
of O, ;!:"", "'rili"g'. Th,. ;'''';'''',.''''''' of 110" CO"lr"., "-:0, b)" n"d l:uW
o,,<looked hy hi' n"d"", It, ,"'''''o ..... ye' Ih" should "'" nUo" for
on,,,Je,,,h"l! condusio.. , . for ,,,,ta'lCe, "hen R u~n"., P"-""" 0" la ".
'''''''to
"ri,...11.,,.,.'170-,"-----.PG"....".
96.501.
,. Not, 11.3.".
'" Jdfl, n PG 12.1269,...., Cd>. Ill ,",
'"
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nu''''.
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,ta,e m",,\>
erra' ;",,,
One ,""" ;"'''il.>lo (" ",''''' ,h",~d l~' ,"<;,,1 ,,-i, h a" ,"ti."...,.. \0 !hi,
,'nICe,1 distinctiot, <l"" OriW"l dr~".. 1>0-,,,-,,,," ',><>1 .....," :md -j",-;oil>k ".
O rig<n stat.,. ,h", " .,'hen the ap'tIc '"y" .ha, C h';" ;, 'he iJl1 ~<
of tht jm'i>iblc God. h" <hoJa,,,,, thilt God j, ju\'i;;ihlc" ,'" 'lllcrtfon:.
"'~ ",bw,,,,,,, "f ,lie TtiI,i,), "hich i. "'~ bfgiouunj! and c.u,", of.U
thing>. 'of ,,-ruch are :ill <I" ,'IP ,nd ,h ""'~h ,..1o"'h . . . . U ,lUng> .. ><.I
Ut "hi<~ 'r<" all th.i"~.,,, "u'" not be 1..1;"",1 .ith.,,- to "'" a bodr
'-" '" <xj~ in a body. bu, lu be ",holly iocorporc",'"
(;.:.1 mu,! 001 b. llOOoJgh ' 10 b. in .,,~ li",1 of hod) , no< '0 ,.,Q" '"
hod), t.... '0 be ';"'1'1< ""diet, ....,] ex.".,,,, . ",In,;"ing ;n h;n, ..1f
of DO od<litio" "h"tnn. '" ilIa. I>c c~n"'" \.- 1..1'0,,,,1 '0 hO'" iJt
"i", ,,,If. mur< Of' b .. but " Uni'y. 01' if I m"y '" '"y. o.,er", ..
,h",,,);!,,,,,, ...~ I 01", 'nuod .",1
f,oon "Iud, oriP,..,k. ill ;"" ,1,
r.:,,,,,,
""'TUoi <';'1<0"'0 Of' ",,,,d, 1'0", "";,1,,, ,y"" ",;,,,1 "",d 1 ~'Y'ic. j "I~'
,n "h;ch '0 n,,",e a,od "1"""0, ,.",. <1<><. i, n<ed magni'''d<' dio""oibic ~. ~" O<M<>. nOT oo.UIy '~ ' I" 0' coioo'. '''' a"ploi,,~ doe
".~~"""'"tl
1l... ,... "'hi,'h >(, . ,ohloble [0 ho, li ,~ ""d ""'10<1.
_""'" ..
Acronl",gly . .. o.dy
,~,
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'J"'''"''
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i,. h"
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of <>i,,;"~
r",,,, >.lJ ""'0<";>1
no., ",;"cl
n<ed. ne. 'P- i" ,..hi<~ to ,n",'" "",OTtI;ng 10 i,., 0"'" n.. u.... '"
prn;~
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ft' ~..,.
.. (:.)I, I . 1~ - 16 :
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... 1_.
113
IIc";(k,, 'it i. imp<,ibl. to 'P"ak Or" pan <.>f ,,'ha' i. inco'V'-'n:,,1
or.o ",a ru,)- ,li,i. iou in i. ''''' lbc ,;guiliclln of th" n:IlliI,k "ill
b<:c"",~ d~,,, io ' ..... ting Ihe nooo" of co.,,,,,,,,,Ii,)", "'Ioch is nex!.
"lit. ~w/J i, ""'i'M1
A, opp,.....-d to th, dj"ille n",u"" crc.,~)n i, )""",d " 'i' h ,,,,,ner :."d
,li"i nc, i"", ""CI-.or, er-cale,1 thiug , .. "' di,ti"l[IJi,)'cd iD G,.r. ,;gbt h)'
it! bciHg co<r(;"e<:l "ithi" a Ctt1ai<l nu",~ 0' on,,,,",n:, .ha, .. , .i, ller
"um",," in ,he cas<: of",,,;o,,,,1 h.. io~, or "''''''O''-' ;n ~,~ '"',"" of hodil)" m""cc"- ,,hich m~'<c, "I' ,he )~>di~. of r~ , io,,,,1 ~rt;.""",.. ,ill~.
all of 11..-", ""m"kc u'" of bo<Ii",~.'" h,nt,,,. "". loo) ha,. , d,,,p,,"!"
" h e,.,. bo:xI;' i, ",ad,' of ",alld ' "lid ha, ~,ha p" "nd ,;,e ami colo","
which ""n: pro""nic< <.>f I>odic .... "" .\lo'''''''cT,
To "", ""J 10 I~ ' "'eo;' a prol,,.,1) of t.o.Ik" ,,'hi.cL ;1 ",."IJ ct' ....
u;nly "'" ('" right ,0 "pply .,;,h" 10 th< ~." I"" 0' '" th~ So .,.. t..
oh. 11..-.1;' SfHrn ;" thcir ",1.0,;""" ~ ;tI, 01>< IOOOtlo, 1'", 0>< Tnnity by
it. ,.. ,ure ""'''''''DC\' oh,' limit> or,;,;"", o.Iohough i, 8"""" i,
m'-"<
"'00 "re il, bodic., ,hlOt ;" 10 oil
crcature>, ~>< p'o/rt) "f)Cing
..... " 0"" by ""om..,. 1\,, [ ;""''l"""aL ""d 0.1"".. aJl ;,n<lloc,u:J ,,-,' u'"
.. cap.h!e of ""h;ng <\'" but '0 tu""" .,.,J 10 he ' n",,'n ,'"
"'M'
'0
,\, d'-"i><>i,,, i , i, dearly I.... "tcd ou' tha, the "-"1'""io,, ',h..,... "ho
"'., ill bodie,' ;nd;"~,,. 1h,' ""';"'1)" of Cn:~ ''' fe, in aU "o.." k, of hIe.
T h i, i, ,he con'c" in "' bid> ,h" di"incti"u !)ct,,'c< n ,bing< i,n;,"
ihl<' ,,,,d 'doing> <ro' >Cell mould be " ndeTSlOod. 'Il" tLing. "",cd
by Paul as 'no! ",,"n' , IIOuld be "<I,le<""oo<l '" no' .><I ""n', <lot ...
,,01 a,IJ)tilling of bo-i"l: s<'e" :,' .U; ,d,id, me ." tha' Ihg' ~'" nor
i",;,ibk in ,hei, co."',,,,,."" Wc d" not '"'' ,h""" 'hing><. not b<"<"aus<'
'h", .'" n"t c'I'.I~" nf being .. e n. t"n simpl' I"",.,,,,, it i, Que
1'h)~ical "metU Te i" ,bc huma" mu. of lifc ,,bieb doc. not allow
'he"" ,ltiJlS" to be ""'" b)' ,a.""
,. J"trM,
"','.i
on
II-W, 11 IO.~ ,
Jhoo-, 11 U ,
J"trM, lLi l,
II-W, lI.l .6.
T bi, ph".,,"
ClIAJ', u.
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nil''''.
\\'0 ""ould .L<o nolice ull< more property applied (0 bo<lilr nature,
nature [,.,.
which i. ultimately. p"'J>C11y of the ""rid ;""It:
,b . 1.00,1), one] i, 1"",..,<1 to 10: rba"geable ,,,,d <o,,'er" ~I, by ,be
'cf) condition of I,. b<-i,,!( <"ro:~'r<l for "ha, ,.,.. , "'" ~nd b<K.ll' 10
be i> by ,hi, ,-or,' fac' oh"",'1l 10 1>.: "f a <-"" ugeabl.: n"'ure",""
-]l,crcfo",. 'r.ti",,.J natu re i. ch.~l\gc~blc and o01" ,,";hlo:' .... It i.
""""" I agaiu ,I"" ">iJlC~ '''C!Ie r~li()WlI being:;, which "" "'c >aid
abo,-. wc"" made in 'he beginning, ,,-e .... 0" <1,, hdOf< 'hey ":<;',,d.
hy ,hi. \'C!) fact .hal 11",) ,till n01 ,-';st and ,hen I><'ga ll 10 eli.i.l ' h"~
..'" of lleceW'y . ubj<"" to chang< " " d ait,,-. ,;o,," ,'"
-,hi.
I Ll
'"
CO!O,,:;,L1Y
Siuce inrorport3i umutt: "ab be "pplied to Go><! aiM" and " life
",<110'" a bod;';' lound u' ,10,' T,-jni,y .100"'"''''' ,,,,d "bodil) ",,"",.
....a' cruo<d u'" of nv'I'ing .r,,,, ~
uf l im~ and hmuSI" i,lt"
he:illg from u(.,..:xi>lcnce:"," " it f<,lIo",~ ,w.iglu ,,If tlrat the eu t ir~
'world' ;, ",aterial. 1 put tlb, ter", iu q<lototiou ma,k., I"",n\l'"
'",,,,,er' io <hi, case has" b.oader "'o.ou,~: ~,i. i, ,he "un "0' oo~y
of I>oo:li.:; "",'n. bur " Iso ' hose '" .,. se.,,'. Th .. f"'" i. pos8il,I,- 8;or"
mat~rial ",i)"ane'" "",,,,>CO .~d, a na,ur~ 'hat it e"' '' "nderl(\> ", ...y
'ind uf tra ll ,f" ) ro",'~,,, . \\bcll rhi, i. d",,,,,, d"",,, to I",,-.:r beillgs it
i< formed i",o the sroo""r and mOre .()I~l condition of bod.,. "",I
(1i>,i"ll" i,lri"1! 'he ,;,ihk 'I"'ci... of
"u.ld in
rh~i<
\ori<1y. 11<" "'h~,, it mitri,'~", to "''''. pcrfc'Ct and b"".xl b< ings i,
,hi,,,,. i" (h~ 'IMndour "f 'cd~,,"'1 b,... ~ "" and ~do"', ~ith,-r lh<
'angels "f God' or the ",n. "f,h. ",.urr<eti"n'" ",ilh ,h~ gannc,,"
of. "piritu,,1 body'.'" ,\11 tire:..: bcir,~." l(\> '0 make: up the dj,-.: ....
aod ,.ricd """diu"" of ' h" on~ "urld'."" Th" is ", by LII<,, is
""""" to '. ' .riet)" ~ " d din'''';t) of bud ..,., out of "'hid, ~ ",,,1,1 i,
al .....)'. '~)mpo~I"'' 0",1 1h~ di,-ernt.,. of tll~ ...""Id call1''~ ,00" apart
"!"".,.
"",.,..' '0
,b"
, 11
,"f-
.. Iho< IV.i,a
'" nvJ'
.. 1_.
1I . 9 . ~_
leo,',
from l;oodi., an,l 'lx>dily n.tn", "dm',. di"H'" "nd ,ano". cMngt"O
to .""b an e~t"'t thm i, can L"UkTgo "-cry kiml oftmmfomwion:'"
T ),,..., ;, ","" ",r","",,(~ to '..,en 0< "O! see" (,..,~tio,,.'" a' w<U
a. to 'the OIhe. c"'~tion h, ' I... . P."]I h"" ,po~"n ,,{ hc,,' c~" I..
n"d,nl00d of. creation !>.-side the onc tIle "-'
For th e,"" i.
a"other onc """. i",i .i],lc 'OIL"'" ",,<1 "I',ul indeed 1;."0" that the
c",a,io", of G",I arc maul' ""d ;n"ur"om],lc, of ", hic h <Cl':11 he had
"ot ...,0.,;,..."<1 rot,,,,l"te ,,",ov.-iCllgt, only "",,;0.1 100owle<lgt" ,'"
'1')><: c",t<q"ion of th .. '''odd' "" maleri:d ,. fn"d''''''))(al tor !h"
o"~rall ""dol'>t"nding of Orige n', thoughl.'" It i, ."rely P<""> ,bk to
COfT(~)()"'te 'he fo,,"going l~ri11lS of La,i" "all..hti,)", frOIll I)()rt;o",
pr,se,,-ed ;0 G,..."k.
I" "''''''11'''' . ,he'" i! rcf"",ut< to the 'worhl' 1""""",- whic h h,..
bc.'" In"'!' '",.Ieria/' iI!..,~
all'! h ... ','a";o,," pl~ce.
.;""~:; f'x.. S,,,<p<ipo~:;) .... m" of ,,hieh "" Im.,. "hu"", uthe ... arc
hip,cr ,it\' iiv
,<i'O L Ol " .,"' ~a, aUo, 0\ ",...'.;
.11 th"",
"j>Llt<.' of 'h" world . ho ldd t." ",gar<k<l '" bting ,,10"'1\', "" long '"
'ht") an: cO"'l'arc"<l "'i,h "h"t 1$ 'imm.,e";aJ .Old it"'1$ible "od ;ocorporcal". T he "-'r'" '<lo"u' I"" 'tt'" "" ,nud,,, 'I,.,;a) '"guifi"'",,... ""
<OOO~"'" <,j'q>\, but denote. "'c qualiliUirt ,uI)Crio";l~ "f the i,,,, ,.ih1c
"ud ," c"'1>OT"<al nature o..-er the c"'1~,rcal (m< 00"" 'U '''''' ,a
<>u-p:~i~ .. ,. Tbi. i! tbe se"", in " Itic h iuco'1>OfCal "'''u", ,;,
f~ o."uh",,) 1$ 'abo,~ "u ,h,. h,.,wn, . Henre "U , I," ''''''''01'''' of
the "",Id .shQuld he rog:.rdefl a, Ix'ng 'nh.hi,.,,,,, ~ ~ place be,ng
"'<.
n",
",11
"<ipa,,,
.. 1lW. 11.1 t .
-:> .....
pod
" .. I"""" rh"" I.... ,,!,u, ,,,,,W "' .... ofOrigcn', _'I<)' dU<l<~ !um, < . ~ _ ....
thirID ong.,,, .....uin, ."..,..,,0''''"'''' of .".,.,' p, 90, 0. 20<\' .od ' ''' """oIiL,,,1
ofth<
di~ _~n
and Ut,~' . It ~-;n!Ht
~ .... un><"ntiI. n~>i<odini I"" ;n ~h ;p~;U"" lo.<w'
iniuenc<"p"'
)"''''!l'' ond ""''''-'.I)' ~~,n' "h,""",- Cf.""';:" "","" ....;". '" (I,;, ,ri",-;,,"
in ~ C
" ~ '" ... I~ " IN 11_ ,...... ! 5, ">n"- T , "d...-t. bo<,.t
O<"n.., I., - . O{ ... !Md. '1'1... C."""'" U""~M)' <of ,'uu.ri<, p,,,,,,- W...J..ngron,
20(11, p. ,t, n . 2ll2: p_ 3H , n . :;n Iikc>.w, Ut ar".... c ' ........... f~ ..
... _
&M., 6-JQ. """J. T 5<00-'< . W",",'I:lO"Io 2OO~, t', 168. n.231.
" c."" fry ..... ~ .. IM _ , 1.12.10.
,, ' fW .. 7.Il. II;;,u". 0.....
", R. "om" like '" m.m) , ."""-~.,. r,~ I!""""'.! th., ~'h ,,, Orig<n ~n.,,;'.,.
,, '~orld' ~." ''''''', of ",oo.w ,,';ri,,' .' rit" P. liB "hich ''''~ '''~ pp,
l ~ ~,. IW=n,,,. 1' C. B<gg. G . l"'""-cJU, It. Crowrt .It. S''' .. k'';, t~ 110- I"l~.
.00 o<ht.., "" thU ...".. "'" "'"'" "" bo. oimibr to ,h .. ond "'" d ..,..,..,! ;n 11....
.. c
"mu,.,.,,,,,,
!~
moc'"
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= '"
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in
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"",.tu""
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i, >p i rilu~1 i, of I>e<C","'~
inct>ll'oreal. "h~r<a. wh., refe" to tll< world i, of HOC"";'r <0'1>0"",I. SpiriHI31 I,h., i., illC_"'1>o,,,.1 \if,- i, ,',chl~"< to t he lkit)". The
' ocru" """,/4 alMI ~ Ith'" i., illtorp"",a] "'" incompatibl, "-;Ih
,,,ch ".1 .... , T hi, i, ,,'I ,y ~,er~ "' "" ,.".,m for exprt<'iotlS ,,,c h ...
"1"';"1<11 "o.1d", "hiell C~ " ",'O k. no ..,,,,,. ill Ihi, f,..~"w of rh o~g h "
Urigco 'kfinitdy mO'-e' in a S'oic , ... in ill 'akiDg 'ho ';0,," ,)~"
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,ha,
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,1" holr ""; I~ U"'" 0"1 the rouu,lot;,:m of tlk- worM
,.1 ,1.", i,
by. n.-w .",1 p"""Ji. , '';vu', ""u'nJ; it """,Mo! Thi. won! i ,
ru)" IF,,,,>l.,cd imo ["";0 by "",.u.n. or f",,"d;.,iun, for '"",/J<Moj
;H G,w, .." , .. I"" "". ~gtllfic. , ",, ' of
i., 10 c,"" ~. ".
w:u-do., a,I(I"," we 1",,-. ... id. u..;."",<,h- Ten<i<,,-,I ;'110 I.>,in In , ..
.>/#0"', AI) <>'''''1'''"
il, , 11< s<"J'<1 of JoIu., "-I ..,,, tl", s.,,-Ooou"')~ ',1.1,,1 'h<f< .b>ll be lrit.ulloUoo ill ,I....,., <1.)-" >o<h '"' loatb UO~
00::0 trum tt" loo"d","" uf ,Ile ~.."..r, '" 11= 'found.tio.ol' and.
!Or .ro,aM~ .nd ,I... m.. " , ;u~ of
,n,,,' 1>< ",Le" la be ..
""plain<"d .1.,..... ~Io ... .".. ,. the ",.,.,le .... ,I ,he ",nl<" ,..ord in the
'p~tk ,,, the ~~,bc>i." ".~<" I", "'r>. '\\'100 doo>< 0' 1:><fo", lh< r",u,
,uo.:.. uf "'" ",orI<l",'~ !Or """'. _. ,10< 'founrnOOoi
mro,Bo).oj.
"I,;d, """t I.. take" 10 I""" <I", ""ne ", "ilog .. ,I ... , !p",", ;" On'
''''<)T-
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, .-J<Im. 19, XXII.
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IIN-."", of "'"' ... \h,,",,(o,,. i, i, .id 10 ,I", hol, bod, "r the Un,."
' Ho", 1o," ' I~ loa,,, thy ch".k< 1""".,,<['. ,\,"1 "01;',. tro, H. iliol 1101
.. ,' ' 11.", 10,-.1,' }01" ,111< .,e!' bot ' 11.", Io,-.Il- ...... ' hy <~ ... h
....- .. 11<
'0 . 1"", , ha, ~.v. K"," '" SO ",,"-clj-'.'
"1<3,,,
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T he """I)"", Oil 'h" ac,u,,1 implication. of the I~Tm -oc""me' lill
m;,TlOncc to 'he Ingoo 1><;0/; 'wi,h ' God) dcmo r"'m'~ an aw","clle "
.".I;-..i.
It'
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p.,. """,",
'n", _
"",~, 0\
, ft}Hot, !.
, ItN,
<Wo"
o.~'''''''1'''''
l tiol,
'"
IIO,h'''g ap!","" ill him ,,'" '" !Om,. h;"" like a p.nhclI<'g"nni .
TIoCT' w", ;ndccJ had,grollnd 10 the i<lca alKI it ,hould be 'akeD
fo r
,ba, (}rig." d,,,, he:,,-;Iy Oil ,h" ''''"litioro.
Ofigo'" undcrs'~nd; 'he '-I'Q'iotl of [h,' ,,"'0'1,1 '"'' a, !he ""[old
illg of" ,,,,mic ",,,,nee, b,,, a, an act of "Ai,io". Th .. coneep. "f
frmu,m 'If ,,;;/ "",,,Is in tho: cort of tbi. doc,ri rl" of crea,ion. ]" 'he
fm. 1''''' the 00';011 of fre<:(~"" poilll<.1 to .h. finite hu"," .. I>CT'
""M~'Y. rt'ganlctl in i" bl""'] .""ion . ,\crordiug ,,, ,\mtot lc. t'rtt
dom i. ,I ... c~l'''''il ) 10 d><>me among diffi-re'" rbul, gj"cn oplio"...
,,;,), ou, ,,,.,rcion by <""mal I',cure or c<>"",.inl With ,he
P.pirurt ...., frcc,lo", rccei,'cd " mowl' il )"ical import; i, "." ' he
""eau~ .>",ion of a ",uonal ,,,I,,,.no,,,
Tlti. panicuiar notion of netion emerging OUI of ,,,,If'l1loti,-a,ion.
,,01 0\" of an) co",,,,,I,;m,, it) Christia.n;,y Io<k", 'he fo,.,,, of en,
.,Wn
.;;';/0: (he u"".",,<I produc'ion Qf 'he ,...." ld ....1.1)" "u' of
'h" di" iu" will . 'ne ,w,ld <xi,u hec"u",d G()(l ,,;lled ><>; 'he world
;, a, i, ;" bern"", God ",ill lhi! 1<} be so.
g""""d
'x
J"" .. I ,nigh, "'y ,h. r "'. ""', <hi. <,,,,,,,, he " ,odonoood '" me'"
,h." .... ,'xi" .. . "'''11'' fOT "'" ~<lIk 11. hd)' ir "" . Iifi of God ,h.11
,,~ ~"';,t; il i. lhe V.," of , .... <.: ..... ,0.- who ~ilk<1 ", to .-..i". ~ ... "'-'"
""< t'et rh., "'" ab!< to d" ",,)ilting .( .n, 'u lhil,' and 'o ,!",ok,
~e
throo'gh hi. t;ifi ....1 fl<u<roo;,) ." . . . J"" "" "",. F.,h"," gi"" [;1;.
"'hr>m he "'lI/; ",,,I ,he Soo, gi"e' life '" ",I."," 10" u','~, ,,,d j",' "
~O< roth<-' h .. life in hu,,><lf ."d hc h., ~"""c<1 '0 the Son '0 h.",'
I;fe in h;",,..lf," "" 01,., ,I.,. l"'" 'hot the F.tI"T gi''''', ,hi, the Soft,
. 1,., gi'"'' On< ,buuId " .... ~, uf rou"", t h.. all
bwo.u bciog>
"",~ f",,,, God" t',n Fot
L,,, toud';ng ... drl~ . For "t.o L..
gi,-.n 10 him ,,,,,I ;1 ~ill he p.'~ bad to hlm' T ... ",f",~, ~hal
cV<', Iv ......"" "'" .... is h.., by 'o::oning i, [TOO" IiIo d. ohw' is
""" oriJI Ix.fomw, i, of l""""
~, . ,~,
t<)
,b.,
""q
fi",
Thi> i. the ,mtjor ""n,,,,,,,," bc,wccn Chri"L'ait) aad 11atoTl " ""
(;",1 <,..,a,e, !to. m,I)' "''' of "OIltiug, lot" al<o OUt of grace, ,I"" is,
ou, of ",,'e, ' nu,, i. no,hing (Q COntlwl h int (0 do w .
N
c... .... '"!> ..
, l.w., ' .111.
" er.JOO,,~,
a.
21
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.,.1
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26.
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,\, I "'id, the i'k:a of the ",wld ILwing Ixgillllillg io n()t all
illno,"i(~, of Ori~,,:r" It em'oo .ltc:tdy ill p"";c.,, ",ri<c .. , in dillh"'"
fom" ,.. ,d , 'ari"oo" . 11 .. u,ual to an" ,hal Ihe G,,ek. ,u",,,ined
till' idea of ~ " -,,rid " ';I I",,,t Ixgi,ming "lid ,hi, hold,
for I'bto
a"d hi, immedlli,e ,uc",""",,,, ,\";'totk. SI",,,,iPI''''_ Xenocmh", For
th eu,. ohe lIui,,,r>c i"ed from all eternity. H",,'''-er, hc,;d~ 'h<
",~jori'y of I~"'ou',.. , ,ben:: ",3. " ",'"ori,y. "loo taugh, tha, lh<
" 'orld had a ",~I b<-gi"oillg. I" ,h i. minori,y on. can fmd 1"'1Y>~'
"htb ."ch 1 1u,~rch ~nd ,.\"in .., ,,'100 ~,g u cd Ih" 11.... "ort,1 had
a "",I i><gim'ing, thQugh ,,()t p"ri,ely a t>egi" " ing in lim~ a, ",'.
w.,.., i~ A. f'" 111 ilo, Ioi. W~\'Crill!! !>o,;ti"n 011 the i"ue i, ,lioc"",,,,d
furth,dth.
0" 1he othCT haud. 1he ~ u ohof of \\'i"l",n " "'Y' ",.",Iy (hm God".
all-1KM"rf,,! 1>:",<1 c,~~,<'<I'ho' "-oo'ld OIl' of tUnnJ.... mallcr. an OI,i,OO"
which (he Ghri,ti." apo!ogi,( J,,"in .... cun,,,,,, (0 " ,pn.oduce_
1lower"., "o,,ber< ill tI,,,,,, write .. do we fi nd the ,;cv,' la'cr
,Idi"ed by on/o()(l()J( Chri>1;ano 'hm God cITate<i the "'orkl ",' .iIoilc.
I, is 001 '01> ' ",k. '" for , ,,re 1ha'. ,he " 'ri'e, of 2 \i:.nat><:cs. " 'hc"
.-.--t"m,,~ 10 God '",alci" g ,he " 'od ,1 0 ,, 1 of "'hal i, "",' I~ o,:.~
&",,,,,,\." m"y )"".., cll ';""g<d (l,i. doc\li.ll<_
IJ " ring the fi"'t cell""",. .'\.1) . ,ome ,,,ice. m~t" he tako" to ,,,~"
~" ;omet/oi"g of 'he notio" of a "'"rld h.~,;"g a btgi""ittg. 11,,,
0"" C'~'''.}1 bo' ""e. Thu, 1;,,010"-'''
'0 ha," ""wiJ,1 'h e idea
tha, C ..d cn'atcd not ont; <I,e Id,-a., ~"' al"" ma"c" I'o"~"~r. all
he pn)t", I~) Inc.nt " .. ,h,,( "'""-,;T. like (10" Idea . ".lS ,""rn.lI~
,Iq><nd.. nt "n its di" i'l< origi'~ i( "'"' after ,Jl a fairly ","ural ,1c\.,.1_
opmen( of tht l'yth"go"';m th w,)" th.t "U thilllr' p.oceed from th<
O"e. Ci<cm. on !he od, k,nd. koow . bu( ,,:;eelS. Ih~ ,i.w Ik"
'''''''~c ''''-, cre",',1 h) di,;n. l'",,idcnc.."
]I.-sid.- th_ (mllci,~" o. laten( i, ~ ,a of th,' ",'od d h",;ng a bogin"
ning. tIle nQtioll of a mom""tarit;' creation
aloo CUfT~llt .
C re",;on ,.""'" ,.-a. e"p"unded ,,'i,h g.e~t clari.)' b)' n..silide
,,,,I)' ;0 ,h,. second ""noury. O rig'l'n. ",fer. 1() Ib,jjj,Ie<. ao,l ,,"ats
him a. ~ Cno>'ic 'h,,e'ic. " ']l,;. <locH;"" ,,"', ~dOI''''d ino" orthodox
to,,"
It.
","m,
,,"It,
\\';~
11 , 1, .
, 2 )\""""'t~ ;. 28.
C. ;;"O<!. IV '~"' CIoWoo ,! .~. p. f>(I,
~ C_ >ad, ,,_ at PI'- 61 8. Two pogo- ;. inol<b!,d 10 dU .......... nt "bo!.<,-
"
cr.
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8-\.
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H 11.
"fiy.;..,
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" ~, I, XVII.
..
" """'IlMo,
'I)
'to" .i...
n &91~'''''I'' and ",."~ "bro ught imo I><iug OUt of uom. l>eiug'
It. ' 0;; ~~ <i~t<>; ri:; , b fl~,,, ~"P'ix6>tl." ~lo"Q\..,r. i, i. ",-".,..,,1 'h~l
"" arc itldd""d tn G",I '''''eau"" 'he ", .de i.Qi~<>,, '" "hQ di,l
" 01 <xi" Ix["",' "
I" rh be 'I>cab of 'God wh" made oonI)1 h ;ng''' a m j d..o",hcrr
he <_,plain, 'hm in tbi. "t":fj1Iting' till" .h"uld he included. t"";
"",.I
",,, of ,,,,,,.being."
,tu,
!!"'"
,h~
j,
' \ (,1:OT1lillgl.,.. God ;,. ",~l '(0 I.. c,.,.~'or. ~ il i, ll~ ,",'h" brought
thing> 1,<JOV"'''', 'llI" being (Jut of IIOIl.be ing'. " h" 'h" 'h,a,-clI 3",1
th e
c~rth
.....1 C'o"1)1h iug in tht'" ha,-e bccn pnxlut ..1 ;"'0 beillg
0\" of ,"ob IJ,eitlg'."
:\g..in. '" n'(crcnC1: 10 lhe S"n, j, is .,id
',h,' So" and l..<Jgo.
of Coo i. a hypo.,,,,;. i, i, he ",'ho proo"ew ''''''''1'0''"",,,,, ewry_
,h i"g fro,,, !lOu,b,;,,!! i",,, i>eir,g. b)' hi, \\' isdonl '." ~Iorconr, in
,%(/~, i, is conlpli",,,I), "",d , h", b)' .he 'nl1l 'worb ' of 00.1 ('" j"
I"-h" I ~l , 9 l1a,i,] me"". 11r" ra,ional lO a"''''', .~v 'f>T<'. ''':; ",;",,_
,t""
,;"
"".,, ~Ii,
!.irt,._"
Much the ~' m" 8"'" f"r "'p""';,,,,, I.... in""g to ,I", "'''"lUrely
",,", .... of the ""u1. Tlren: an:: rcfor< " eo, ,,, .100 ',b, cl'<,,' ed 'hogo_
rtto" ikon' (t b l\q~lOu~y~9"v ~1.~". \" 6v l," 'he 'crcate'] " "" <re '
\&l\~~'''''PTTwfv~v "',;.,,, "f"he h um~n .... d'," '" ,,,11 '" the maker"
ofd~' "0"1' ~ m;vuv """~ """""..,"" tuii ..no",,,,, '''''''~ J.,nfk>""",V
II'>.
~l,
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t>.1-,
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]>1
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"...d',
0", (\po>olc
prof",", in
I"';"" ,,,~Il,,,,, r<<<>fdod ,I>< b<gi".
n;og of hi, ",it"l
""t, .. b"i ... tioo. " h.." G..I no,..!. "". ""i
, ...... "';". ,.. ..... ,. ....Id <.oJI<<I tlo" 'hing< ,lu t
00<. l>r ,ittue of
hi. f'O"'OT, .. ,tuug> ,~" .no .,od tI , do cm', i\:otIli"1! ",. , diffIcu lt
lor bim ;" ,he 1'''''' .... of creating, '0 " .:b "" ""km lb., aJ d.uugh
l>U<biu~ "., <xi" ing. <W'llhiJ,g. "Kld< l ~y ".!!kd 1",,10. ,'an" ;000 <Xi ..
In"" .. If d,'1 h.d .lv'-')~ ekl>1<d'()
Cf"" i""
w.,..
l~""
I~""
is nu
It i. pro,..,d b)' nu"r ..... ,.,..'.,", th"'"Shv"' the ,,-)001<- S<,iptu .... d,at
""j,-<"" " -a; c"al 1 b:' (;00 ",od l1,al ",",,,, i, 110 "" I""""" "'hieh
"", 'Ko! roce;,,,d it>
from lum: "hieh ",ru,.,. owl
"'<
"""',<0
,,,."a
<1""",,,,,
God. ~"" ,">de ,,' ''', ...... . '''' 'lW'. " ' i,U.
""';w
,->pIU
'"1<''''''' '"
.1/.... -
of . ..
~ho
I ...
er
><IF... , 16.
'bi. ,.,.., of O.;g... h", t... .. (o.!Ie.,.,oo t.. ",004" ,,"" ""'l.."tt
'"
in "'hi~h thi, i. 1'''''''''''1. 11,. mvd< of lh< "'1'''''';011' u,.,d
at crucial po;"" in order t,) .",, 11 out ",!>cc!> of ,l,;, <"nption of
(",,,,;on ",' .i1Iiki.
A. " .0""-' of facl, wh" [h,-, """lion out of ""'hing i, a bibJic:.!
nOlioll or IIQt i. " 1ll3l ter which d"", nol e njoy u nanimity. A,
R. s.,"bji po;"" out," an carly Ilibli".1 .0"'" of Gc"r. erea,;,..P,,,"CT ill thr IW 'If JoIJ 28 aJl(i 3.8 11.. i>cc " ,,,1.0" to ",can tha,
r,oo:1 put o"ier imo pre-ex;"jng dt,wo. ,,,,her tI'"n <", .. ling "''' or
IlO1hiug. In (he 11';"-'"", if $010",,,,, J I. 1/, it is s,oled ,h", Ood
'"",,,,ed ,h< o:).,cm"" ,>oH vf a forrnb. maliC" ,,-ith out ,a)'jllg "he,her
tll" UlaUeT had " b<~~UlliJll\. III 2 .\/ocr"bm 7. 28, tbe ,d"ore n", to
("'ation 0\,. of nO<h ins "a " ,,,,ill be rti"'''rp""ed. '' T h", it ha.
b"en ",,,,ncd IILl! n<;,h.". ill tbt Ilit.lc " Of io the J""" h.Hclbuotic
li... ra",,, is
a d.,,, ''''''- '''"n' of cn:auOl' ou , of ,,,,,hi"g '" ~
""",., ,..h ich (." ,n<hlde ~ hegin " ing of the ma,.",l unj'c.....,. hi
tll .. c:t>O i, " ,",'aj llc,I,h~t 'he " ie,,' of C",",joo "", of I~~"'og w"'
;onnwl hy Ch,i"i,,,, iu ' he ""o<ld (""tUlY ,\ .D .. ;n wnt",,-erry
man,,"
\I..,,,,
'0
\0
him dod,; ..
101
. "'." "Orig<" f,,~ ;1 ""'o-MJ' "-'""'" .-xp6ddl' OD oh< "''''hing th. , """","",,_
W king. or ... ..., . _
,.,. .... ",rlaI I,oo;nlt' m." l>: <1._,#.". " ', ... =d. . ..
.,. rib. p, l1'~ i","", hi'l, '" """, 10 ,0;.;" t.., hi. I""nU'" !ho, 0.-;"". ,~'" "
',,,,,_ ",kmol ,.-nOOn' .,. rib, p. I~I ' " i!"<"" W- 10 impugn . 1...
Orig<n '" 01\," .00 ., aplidd)' ........ ,..,...ly th" Qd"!~ ~~. ""'","1.
~
R ~ .,. '"-. i>- l ~'.
'tA. WoIt"",. AI ... C'"" . ~ ) .... ,. IW1', \<01, I. pp. :Kl'Z-l.
cr_
" cr
"
T hi, i. a I">i n' of pan iod", , ignif.::mc. and ".~ mould ,1\,,,11 ()n
(h" " ~ttle funher.
If 0,..,.,,,,,, held a ,ell", ,,!Ch as ,10.'1 ~atioft ha' IHf<WI"/Y wo
Cod', d''-;''"n, ,hi. sJ\ould impl) 1ha( ' he " 'ill of Cod (0 crca'c
ex;,wd in him b.-gi'lllingl ... I)". too. "nn if cr~",ion had not b....,n
reali,,'i )"et , \l"h.~t he ,uggtlt>. however... qnite the opp,,,.i,,; thi.
;, dearly 1~)n"'rC(1 b.~h e~l~ici'ly ~nJ hy me"n, of certain u,,,,, of
language, th.~, ... through , he mode of 'he e~pre ',",}ft' c'nplo},oo io
each c.... .
He n,,,,, ,h~ pan (,""e ill con".;iOll .... ~y. knowing (IL" thi, t~n""
<le notd that ""lllething (.crurrcd. some,hiug i>N:""" while i, did no'
e~"( b<fo,e ~, ,,,ch "'a, one """"'11lcnll)" hecRtne. Ib. past (CI"e
i""lf ~nplie, a 1W111 of progre .. or procc,", Imm onc , i,uatiou '0 a
",'X , OI,e. Thi, i. ,,1\)' O ,.;g.,n so ,,,uogl)" "xdude, an) ""'" of
when h" ~"~"'P" (0 .dnmb"". (1\" lif, of G"d ll i",,,,lf ' Il,i,
i, .]'" "'h)' he empbasize. th a, " he 1 ~1."" did DO' i>N:""" in th e
I><gin!liHg. bu, hc "'" "'ha, he ,,", in 'he ';p~<i'." Which me"", 'hat
if ' he pasl ,..."" ",.,,, u...<l ,u"ead of Imperl,"(",. ,Ioj, eo"ld <icnote
,h,,, ~'e<~ ,,'" " ,..ali ,)" u, ...bieb u,e Lo!:'", ".". " 01 i" ~,e oif'X1i.
(hat i. in ( h~ Wi!o",- U,,, ,hi, nm, con""'"")" ,<) hi, priJlciJ.1 dog"",
(h"t Ill< J~W', I~", "'l,,,,.mgt,,,/y wn ,,;,h \I";"~)m .
He h ow ",,,I h'" !lnt"i." th.1I ... he1l onc .trill" '0 1~!r1rdy !he
beu'g ofGoJ. nO ,"Tb rao atk'I"""'i) e'I""'" ,), ;,; "",lilY...... e'""hd"...
h~ u... lang\l:.ge in .uch a "' a"" cr (hat the in,~'itable inaccur""y
,ho,~d I~' dimini<l",d (0 (I,,' minim"", po;.<ible. Th", h" 11"'" ,-ith",
imp.. rfio<:t 'Oll .. " or pr.""" 1<11"''' a, mor< ~, ITa"'. I"", i,"n'clJ'
rme.' in ordo' to I>oi" t
the being of God HirnIClf.
0" ,he .,.1"" h~ " d. i, is ,he I""" " ."", ,,'hie], is ( I ~",,,,<l ,,,,,re
suitahle to e,p"''' "h~( c.me il\ 'o Ixing ""t of '>OIl heing. In the
", me """, th., h<- sta' ... that th. 1 ~'8"'>< did not htc.B" ill ,he I"'gi'"
llillg. b", he "'4> "h." h" ".,,, in ,he I~'ginning." h" poi"'" out
I.-d"erriug to 'h" l)On;o" of J ohn):
1''''
(et"",
'0
U,;,'g d .. 1<nu' t.-fo,,;,wr 10" [... . Joh"l al>J>b 1 Lhe fo<"IO Ih..,,,,' to
hi, flcoh. ".hOle '11,,' in'~C:01 " hi, tlnin< ".tu,."
,Ad
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"u II ""f<C-r ~
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1"'8 .""P'. '~."'k- '" ... ''''''''''1 .b '!l ""1 '~ "!l<"IJ>'" wWJ u"'P" .I\
,n l"~J c IOu .uc \OJ'~"",\\ '~'l 0' 1"'0 JO .'1lJO." p.o~lln. '''''''1' '~ 'I'
,"~"u "! 'IJ. " ld !'!,,~d ",,,I ',(p"'"" '."0,,
~'I' "! "'J(~ r"I-"'"
" '! ~o'''"!(F.uxlJ(xJ~ uu~, ~4' ''''I' ,,!.liP. '''~''J!''~ .~ '] ","~
~'~';QO>~d'O<I.) .'1'..0 ... I'.o,,,,,.>..od . ... PO!) (.'1 I'~'""" .' lO OS""'.
1''''', JO ' 1"0." '.'"~''''' 1~\l,,>pc,o,,1 ~'II Ol "'~J~' ~'I :J~"O~'" '''~'Id
.",,,, "" U' 1'.' q.>flO~ >1 "IiI5U1P "'I' JO 1"0 "''' ",,, ~.~., .iJ." "1.1.
",,\I
...'..'r'n
'""'''''I JP""!U I~'!) '~4 ' <,,~'" " II"n"", 'f'!4" '\O!~og< "o!'!"1'
IU'lo"">U'~1 _.PO!) (~~'ri?u.l.1 .~w"'''I. "'OP'!,\\ "'1' P>LI"" " "'l~
" 'I ''''''. ,,~,! -4' ~"!"l- lil""1 "ID' .,,00.:> 01 """"~;>JJ (~'''ily~eul
.I"'!I~". IXI. ' \IffiI"t""\I~ 1 .1"'""". urQj"~.\\
"! '! '"",,U
''1>'<0.'' Il! '''''IW .,!,nl' pllU
.>Io'U''''I" H" 'F'''' ~ "!,,,,d JO ""~~JO.Id '4'J" '<>""'~."" ~l ' ! .>.1" 1'
4~n<>'1'1' 1"'1""0' ~I'''OI''''''''U 1''''' '(I"~p ]-"1"1 ,,"
w0f>.""J
''''Io.,.''''''l '''I ,,' P"'''''l~'' .,,~,.., 0' PO~ l' uO!'IJ'P 1''''' Ir" 't{l
)r,1' ",,,'u' ' !'LL ','ro 1"!'''''I'!!lOJd ~4' J'!:I ""l~ "''I UO!),,"', I"""~
'q' "1 "1 '10 '0" I""" '! 'lIlO ~I' '' o " y ) ",0 " "!><I " H'! HllI"o"'l 'l1'.>J
-J ''''XI 1I~ .~ pIN".>lj' '"'I' "o!,,;ud~, J" .,~." '!4' ,eq ' "'I).!"''''''O'' ' !
li ' 1'''''~I)l'"''' "'I PI'wlf' t>l' '.Jf1fJJn _.1"".) ( ,,,,,,k.>J 41~" >'<11.'1 ,<>)(]
'''1' JO ,"~ >1'1 'lj!4." "umltc p1!nOJ~~''''1 I"n,d ..,,,,,,, ''1' " '''1.1.
'ne le '<!"., )Oll 1"1' I' '1'1) .0oJ,xl " 1" 10" -",,'<1 ."!U~'I"" . '1)
y> ,U,'U()\II. ' " ~ '~"l O,,~ ~IH"-' '~4"
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T hen' i. " d""wo of C.od ,,, create; fet ,h;' deci,;"n ;, 0<)1",,,,,-<:<1
"'" '" a iJ<'/!Um;ngl, .. Oue: it i, exp",,,,,l '" ~rod"(,, of ' he ,li,;'"c
"ol;oon, "hid , 0" no aeco",,, ;, a (ObCO>ni,,,", of d,,, di",n" bo':;,,&
"'.
,Ioe.
Drill''''
not ,a)' Iha, ' he Wi,dom <.>f God '''''''I' or '",ill,
,which would he fJiMl or llo"J.r.al\; nor d"" he \11<: (he im perfect
te",,, (whid! would be ~a,~ or i~"'fO ami might he reml., .!
in Engl;'h a. '" ",,1 ," "'a",' or '",,,,1 ,,, .. ,11'1. lIoth '''"." be,..,
(non ... l)" P"'''''''' or imp.,f,.:, le"''' could imp!)' ,ha. [h" p.nkubc
(~ci.i()ll of evd thal ;" the doe;';o " '0 r-"fl)' "U' Ih" """" " ,. ""I,
wa. hcginniugk>< onc)' llu l. (lU;l< dCllloll",~bl)". 'he form' " ""I
ar~ -"",m.<:<I' nnd -"ill",!'. which ulld.",",o,,, the "'nl"W"l ch""""'"
of hi' ,1",ioi<)O
r"",.e.
Accoro;,,!!ly. ;1 is tlO' sa;'1 'ha1 \\';,,100' :"':c"I,,",1 cl'eati,.., ,...Iation to th. 1>0,1<1 'being' him""lf (which "vuld b< iiw Coxr, b< uC'
okut dccis~)Il' ('OOo~ia ': h<" i, is .aid ,ha' he 'bcc~Hle' 1~'V~
Gud', rUlio.w"'" ar~1 'acc'1ni a relation' ozOOw .~ w'< 6vtlH'g.to '.
b<:ca",, 'he ".,,,..,1 "(0 1",,,<:Ii,' ..... ~ijo,,, . , hi, form i, to ,I,,
'00 "( h~ ra,io",,1 creatu,,,", tU )..01""';\'" ..t,kh ",... c" lk-d
'f",u", being>' (, '" OO"~ ... u ,"'--u,iug !he fut"re ",,,.., of the \"Cfh '00
be' in ordcr '" dCDote ,h., 'hc I'nxlllc' (if crea,i"" did IIot exis,
btgi " " U,gl""sJ.,..
Il l"" ht"e" "'1:,,",1 , I"" lh~ C h"";",, ,.;,~,. dirk<> t"roo> ,I,, Ih,,,tlk
" tiC on "",co,, nt of the role of uii/" Th~ 11....."ic illu,tF~,ivn of bud )"
and ..h .do.... or .." u "nd ligl" , ha, bnn fflfAnh<l a, <>,("I"di" g Gud',
'0
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dOd no! ",ruotI) ,riot. ,bey """'"' '" {Joivn" ,;,.~ . of("",..) . . .
"",in~ 00 <led to , .,"". no;, ~ ~... " " . fl.",~,.k; ,t;,l .A"..4
II~...,. pp.
~!,. )"JOiD ' ~ ~ "'" 0';';'" 00."",,, Iv>Id ""h. f>Otioo .
.. f7<*- ! nti......,...,.,. obouI<l be g;'~o p"""uiar .''''nboO. I, ;, oh<- ,.,...
,hot "'" _
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" er. J f'<v'n. "l1Mhp ' ''.'1"" " -I' I,.., """"""'. l',ri, . 1",-,, ; I'!'_ .\(l'.!-6,
C. T "''''''''' '''''. (" .I<~Of'O' .. ""',. , .,.. " 11 ..,'I' , tit M
1\" ..... ...... P.n~ 1%1; pp_ 190 '; 319 26; :16 !; ,Ul. Aom.'""ng. F......... nb ;., <he
or l"",,iom. " ,.n-. ~"h d ....eal "",4""".Iiom.
~
,Po
'hough'
3.
1~73 J.
w. 1HZ:!.
J-aol" }/,_
,,;11 and ch<.>i . On 'he "<.>n'",,,)", the Chri.,ian ide. i. th" creatioll
i",-ol,'" di" ine ",ill . 110' ne"""i,)". an,1 this h.d ~1rr'''I)' bttu M>cr1ed
bl'ro .. Ooig<n .... 1 ~,id ,"
0" tl", other h.nd. the "o';on of ,.1/1 ;, not altogc'her oh"-,,,
fro m lh< I~a'""ic t""u. f or ,.""mpl< , ,hi. can b< fou nd in I-'L"o',
" """",,." In ,h,~, ,..ori , tbe Ik"u urgc i, rq>catcdlr represen'ed a.
,Id il... ""in!!i ' th" i" thilllciug out h",," to ""hie\"(' hi, .im,. ,\, ""l\~"l,
I~orim", ahhoush he ,I"",. nO! foil"" hi' maoter ~U a loug. he pre
,uona)'l) 1".1 hl~ '0 be dis",i"i,.., of "oIi,;"" U, '-OIl"CCtion "'ith
10"'''' ,ie", uf reali,y. n",., .h )",ugh nu,iQ'" <.>f "'ill are fou nd ill
the Em",Ji/, , jl'l\\~~o,., 0.....,.,.,<;.'l'E0'''' ... tho)' "re main ly used in
order !O ,Ii,mi", the ide" that ""cond",,), being'! exj" through the
",ill or the One."' ,\, an)' '''e. I~O!im" o.Ik"", the I""'.,,. b, I. of
",lOli ,)" '0 crealc ~) ,,;]1 IU~""":; I. tx,' I... "1f~f"(l; Ih .. c",~tion or
101,..-' b'd, <fl reali')" "" ."-""'0'"
So the ,-er,. u(~io n of l<ill, regarded ill ilYlf, is dist inction whieh
It... OOt beeb uochalleng<d a. a crit<rion for lh" di"ilJCtmn be,...-",,,
,h e 11"mn;c aod C h<i.li~" COIl",pl ;',n of ere,,'mn, sin", a OOOOll of
/L-;!/ Ca" be fo," ,,<I i " 1'1 .. ,0 ", ,,.U '" i" l'1oti"",.'" How.",r. , here
i, a puint ill Orig.;n', th ""Shl whi.;h !bx.. di";ngui"i, the .. 1"'0 co'"
<"~p'io", "f crcat~m. Th< con"a;l .,-i,h aU ,,,Non. of 11a,,",j,m ,",'hieh
O rigtH e"~hl;,h", 1 i. to be fmu,,1 U, ",h., aClually the notion of 1h<
(ii,'ine " ' j]J (i ",,~e, ami c" ,:.il,.
'11'0 ,,,)(ion lh'" he act"aU, uphold, ;_, th .. of a radical ch""m
h",,,,,,,,, God and Ill< world, In hi, l)k'Ugh, make. no S<'''''' 10 'I"'~k
of ",m"!! Ul I",",'~r In-d. of r<a~ly. or ah",,,,,,, of n..:"""y in higher
bd. uf reality. 'n""", 11",jui.uI .flinrL~tioo T " How from tb. NcOph.lOllie
~ Cf. h, .... u~ ,,,",,,,," 1/"",.... 2.1.1: 2.'!O_9: 3.11.3. Chn.tion ~-n,", allH on!!,""
poin<rd out dUo di.tincbon. , _ cr. ,~ I'" Gin't.~ [lo.. XI. n F........ '"
, _ Il l,
10. TI""" .. """'0.... w.;, I.ltio 2", 0, 12.
n r _ ~'9p. J\11.: IlH: . )"i"" , <t, tII.
~ <:-.M, \U_9 14 8'; \ ' 1.8.1~; \1.al~ 1 10; \,l~. I ~ .31>-~~ ; \ '1.8.11 ~ 19;.
1'Iin , ...... '<TIkbo. dh"';"", moo)' of,.,..,.. l","<e>" ",""",U<, , .
f_. \1 .a, 16
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f:_.
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"f'" 'IfI '<111><, <! " """UD> liu!'l!-''' l'Ow "'! 'Pllp')
P"~ .,,,"~" ". ~""np<>Jd 'P'"M' 1"""""'1' 1<lU" l1!lfuOlj l "'1.1. )1 "'"
II"dn I'>W '\l " [1'." 1~IC "1~"O'{l "S,II>q J.'!'CJ.u " '1' 'l\" tlO~[ "I
' rl!'I"-'~l"'I" f>'>l'np
'''''1 'P'<J'" "->"o.J':lJlP "-lI,,!'"~.o J'> """,1<>""0' lI."'''''kl '''It wruJ
OO Ll >J'l!!!' ~J\'l<" '~lIll""'O' '~" OIJO 1110 ... ,,, .... , 's! 1~4' '1'fwq ,,' .1I~"
''1 "'n~""'1 ",c,,-I.) OIP' po!) JO "",,,h.JUo, "'U ' U"'UO>'"I""'N W(lJJ
''flJ1>01P,.".-IlIUO ",'I'.""oJ q.l!' I," ",,,,,I "4100" S! ,l.1J41 IC'{lI~IO.\.'Il
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lit , 0&..1 "1' 4' .... '~!""'k 11" JO
""!'UI '" ~"!I~"''''I'!'''~>Q ':IlJ !,"~." ""P)O u"'.,.'" '('I pur ..... lllc>JJ
~"!><I JO '""0>'. "0 '''''IfJ'' .-. JO >J~ ,,,,,,C';'JJ rrUO!,CJ 11" 1<.J ~~
,,,,,,j,;,,,
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0.1
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11; I
JJ~
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brw, '0
" ,rt. le"" of aU regarded .,foltnt ODC", hu, emnC" ,imp l)' by being
"'I"" il "~. Th;" OCluaJl)' m<"n, !hal ,h, c",ahw acl .. a ,~ode or
(j". "",.' or"< ,'cl') bojng ' The role of " 'ill ;n ,I", i\'~'pb""'i< ';e"
has "uh., 'h e mean'"g ,I"" 3ny,h;ng wlt;';h ,. alr<3dy I)<rfect "'ill
.., ,, ,,,,hiHll' of it>clf."
.. ,honld be poin'ed 0 <" , " <,-enhd",",, 01"" here l~otiJln' e"pre..c.
10;' co!",,,,,,jon of .. ", rtb oon Ofl l", >eroo,].. ,y rtali.y. """.. I), Inldlee
to 'he O"e. It "'0 ,he
C"'.';"': 'he l",eUt..,. ,h" 1'I<>1;n <" denies
th e role of will ." 1le " 'g<'''!' "
romcthing lik< ,h" liglu ,,-hich
,urro,md, ' he ,u" ." A. ,uming illlO """l<tbil'!!l iUumi,""",l i. I"rt
of !h. "ssenCe of ligh' , i" like maru,.r God ;, "",hing ..-i,hou, ,hi.
There
ertal;'-e procedllre. 'h rough ,, hid 'he co, ,,, o> ;, gt"e ..
is a n"-",,,i ,l' ">1~bl" h"d u' 'h,' ...",enee of ' his ' ''pn' '''' ' erea';,, I<,,'''e,
c",~ ,iv"
m<an;"gflll "<'~"" b'n ,hi> i> n"t a fr~e """"''- Cn"'i",,
0/ the "'Olkl hr ' he deity;"" ""u,tiu!l' atnul'oral ,,,,d e"'n"" nec"";,y.
l'erbap. ' hi' n ,,~J)~i' ohouJd he n:-gard"'l 10 call for a par.Udi>m
"i<h Or;ge"', lheok'Kl:' u, fact a ,'as' munl><'r of schol.. ~ ... " ;"
On!:""',, <ioctti" . of n<" ,io" a "'~oplalo" ir l"o"e"',,'ce, "k;,,!I' hi.
,i.;..- of ",L"i o" \>o;t"c~n thr Fa'her . "d So" '0 he
C(mp' in Chri"iao bngu~gc.
To pro,-" ho'" fuU""jo ", ouch ,~, i. <km. lldi! " ,mui", of i,'
0"'''. but 0"" or '''-0 ol ~","tio,,, ' " '' '' 1><' (o",i,I"""I. " " d 11,.. I"-,,h
he cX'raclCd
'hem . The " ,h,,)" "',11 'pp<ar a. bo-r<.'il "f " '",HI .
I "",e ,h,,,,fofl.' ,it., 'ho"" .. ho malo.' 'ite"" m;,:icad;ng ",,,,enio,,.
co"'rAdi 'hem..-I"..... ~'or th.)' al... "" th. >o-c~lIed F"'gm~Dl 32,
incorporat"d by P. Koc"d,.u in hi' eru,;o" of 1'riM. "he", it i,
'~I'I;,-a,,-d , I"" ',h~ So" ~,,, ""'" .. I <if IN rill of ,he F. ,hd." The
j ux'al""'ioon ,hO',,, oh", !h"", ,,-ho "",,,t '0 gi"" cnxli' 10 J "";,,,on',
t""t'm"ni~. a"d 'h"y 3r~ ex.cd), ,h" ... ,,ho "urib"" "''''1~~'oll i;m
to O rigell cancel 0 ", th<m .. ,h'o . " 01 i, l>:-como. d,,~r ' Ioat, own at
thi. po;''' , 'he \'CIY Dotio11 of d,e I'~, hor. ~.II rdw<alJy 0011tr.l'"
Onge11', 'hough' ' .. "-1'":",,,<1 by J"" in;an) from
of I'lo.io",,
8<'''''....'e
0,,,,
a.
,,,,1.
i,.
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1'I"""i."
f"""
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V.1.6.
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" ik,
133
"-h" ...",, 1'1",i,,,,, """" "uy role of ",'ill h, 'ho On" c",ating ' h e
lutclloc" U rigcn io rtprc>cmctl '!!fom' tuk
'he will ,>fthe F.,h<:r
l"1,'<I';,'g the Son. 110"""" affinn.,jo" of a _<SS'I)' '" Ib, c,""atioo
of 10"or bd, "r ",ali i)' ,h~' i.. ,h, ,;-;iLl,' "'on(1 "."",.", 'he co'"
'radi>linc,i"n uf 'h~ ;>;""pl"IOnic c'-"lCep,ion "f crea,i"n f",m tha, "f
Uri!,,,n '. C\lOll 'U-OllgcT.
A, ,,11 c"cul>, e>.'~o in the f~,," case, d"" 11o,inu, i u(lic~tc . the ,,)Ie
of ,,ill i" OnC "'''y or ~llo,h.,r. c""';o" "..,If h .. a char-~c"" uf a
c,,"mic la" ""h", 'h~" ~ f" diri,.... - k ...' of .,11 has h ,h" char.oc
<er of. ~I ~. all ac1 of '-olitioll ou' of lu'~. So ~lo lw"gh
11(~i"u, i",lic~'c>
Ibi, '''ggN' tha, co<mle bw uf "",.,iou
",hirh i, ~ ",ha'n'et P"'"""'" ehoice l 'pOOii><" '~ I, or
Ijt~.
\\"i,h ",g~f<1 '0 l'eopll,on;'", , hell. Origt,,,
is nO' ,h<:
of ~ ,li"i"e "ill " 'h,k h i. b" , a mod" of ,h" o,,~ of , h" di,i,,"
I><ciu& a " .tural m,nir."',,'ion "f
di"ine l.>cinS itlf_ Such ~ mm
ife>t",iou could hc I"<"s"nlcd a, kwl owy in 'he "''-'" aUCHuatcd "n>c.
h ;. Ibe CRoe uf aft" JiJi.>Io. whith ;" by llO mean' dicm .. l by 'he
",,"',.., of ,he di"in. lieu,S f't' >t. ,I ,k<:i.ion "h;"h h~. "",loj"S 10
,10 ".;, 10 ,be o(jl~' 0( r.",1 Himself. \I'bid, ,nc"", Ik " Ih, ' llOIioo
of God 1IiJru;(/f ,'and. in ~u al>sol"tc ""tological I'''ori,) to ,I.., "f
G"d a' C,,,,IoT.
T I';. i. " ,~"i,,~,ion ou which grea,
ho"I,1 be I"". Fn, OD
t:,n d,;, ;, co'>rel~ wbicb co"'";"'',,' :0 m:'pr e.", I )~' "",I :0 m:o,
oi,-. ,,,,,,,[onn.unn in the d~"d'-'Pm~", of ,he Chri"", n ,~",rinc "f
'0
'0
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'e"'"
e,..,,,
ca><
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"re" ..
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V""'
" er A.Il. Cl"""" .,."" "". ","~ of ".n" W ,I.....ciffi, ~orld. 'Ilt .'''''
&-......, XXI d9-Hl. p, 21
~ ,\rutotk poOoo. ou, .... , "'''''''11 .. tJ.mI=. of 01 .. 1"-" Pbro ...,... ,"'-""" do.,
,in .. hMl
~_
dr-fini,..
"'"gll,ning;
er !'I.J""'-.
""""'~"
'"
,'icl to Ill<
gell~r"1
nte '" .,/rilc. b"t be put " prc-c..u.ting ,u.>ttCT ill ""ler." To him ,
'hicll)' ",><,,~jng. 'C"," ,;,,"' cm,,;SIS U, bri"b~"g order ""d ',,,",..,,,,,,'
;OH" ;I""", " ""d ill ,,,,,hi,,!: 1";)"000 (h., _ on," notion of 'crca'''''' ~,
found in '!imtvu; ,Ioe. 1101 impl)' any origi,",1 generation 'x nJ.iJo,
but ru, act of nnLcrillg 3"d bringing ")"'n,,''')" i",o the prc-cxi<,ing
ch.,,, of ' he original 'co.mic >!"If' , -111i. i. t he 1~)i r l1 of major COIl_
Ifao, btl'R"n I~."o and Origcn .
."\rrording IQ l~alO, I kj,,~ and ,\e1ioll. In," "xi"cnce ~"d it> erea, ;___ actio n. Sub;tallce and ~"nctiQn . are ""'(11)""0"'" To him.
goo ,,,,,,Id h'H U","'OC]" .... ~ll)' <xi>' cd befolc he actu .lIy c""w[ . .. i.
god', infinite charit)' "",I hi' perfeC!,on ,hat ~Jway. comp'b him"'
to """..,joe hi, crcatj,-c "",,-er in """,aliI),. Th,,..,/,,,,,, in I'llt" t ltere
~"d
rcl<",,,,,,,,_
0 " the contm,y, Ori,;e" dUi hol,1 ' he idr~ of cmDiDg i"to bc;" g
Out of oott, I><;"8, and ~,"<,lIy la)', or"" On th;, n",j"tt, Ott
acco.o\! of lhi' he did nOl ,..,.,1 10 .. ",ploy ;'0)' 11,\o,tic noDO" of
ewrlastiog exerr;" of 110,. d" ';1I< "I<"ati';l)'. God h, H' mself ""d (;od
a, Cn;~t'-" aI\C by no mc~',. ,,}1l0 ,, )'mou,. as tile) .re ;n I'llt" _ 'n"",,
are [Jot ",lIt1 0" th e b-d "f ""tol" IO'- Simply. the latter ,bat b,
tlt e <teati,-e rI<~ i. hu, " ma"ife;,ation of the u ngrn'l~~ble 'hine ",ill.
In 1'1.10, ,he ,h,';", cI<".ti,; ,y is a oon,li'u,io,,,,1 domc", of ,he ohlol"lr.-' "f ,I", g<>dhc.d_ In O ,il'n, the acl of ,,,,.,ion cOII>, it", o'~y
" ."",,11 fr..,-,io n of Ill<' cli..-,-,u,,,,- "br"" God -~"d ",-.-" thi, b) no
rn<an, pertain, '0 the di,;,t< o ll to.l<>gy. Thb b th" point whieh k "fiml>
did "0' )!l1U~ " " d he" ", hi. iutc11",btion, into tb. I'rim: w irere h<
,I"a), ,,"id , a probl,'''' for "hieh OriS"o', Ihe<.>log) actually ~ liok'S ,'"
">0111 a' "li _
It i, a ,tark com ra" t hat ill Orig. " it b not "'iU ,",'h ieh i, hop",d
God. bu, it i, (,.orI 1I'''''1f,..ho i, i><)'ond th., n"tion of G",I-, wilL"
I'ollo,,;n! t he "reccdiu! ,1""u,';01l. ,lte co,,",," ",i,1t O rigeo', COO1 _
c<l" ,on of God", Creator;" qu;'e ot",;"u,. \ 1)' anal)'S;, righ' rrotIJ
n 0<#" i, >w"'"' 0(
,tot"
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~
~
'/ - . , . l(l\,
,n
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~,,,<OO"""""""
Cr. ,. ro.,&
to&.,.,
"'v.
tr""
:Hi D; US C.
./....., 29 f. It
(he beginn illg of ,h;' chapler .110"-. d"" in him 11>< II".ioll of C."j
'h"'''if'tI",ill in nil ,,1o10'e ~a1 prWrity '0 tha, of G.J '" CmlkJr.
Tlti, ,oeao'" h' 11," fmal an,dy,;," ",a' lite ex;"eoC<" of c..."uioo io
il.,df h..., ~ fIOfIliugnI' cltaF4CIC" (hi., j, nOl urigi,,",cd in an)
"'hat""",,,."
'nli, is the ><: IIS<: ill wbich Urige rl a,-cn th.t the "'" to 'J><"ak
e.",rocr" of God . hollld be di.,ingui. hcd frw' 'he e.!'Cuce of ~ " )' cre"
awl MWt" '0;""'; <ill""';"" ti)v o""i,.. ,oil e."" <i.6 .rov,,,,, , ...
lC1'~'''' "i,h " 'hid, (hi, 'has 110 tomm un;ea,io,,' ot; .,;, ",-,,,'..,..\1
a, aU ." Th" acc"",,,,t,, th. radi.al d;",imibnty be,w n c",a,url y
"""ocr and "I"'t i"'clle<:'"al ~1"tr~C1io " "'oold caU d,e 'O,"""CC' of
(;00. lodel. (It.., c~l'resoioo '.., w """k' po;nts !O hi> fU"'\;lIl1e",a1
,-;cw (Ita, r;,~l i> "~'ond ",,,,ncc'," na","')". hc"doe;.
panici"."e
0\ """"'''''' a, ,.u"" r or i, is I". "ho <("ea((~1 "". """"nee". "' Ilich " .'"
,mac.",,!'
b<fQrc. Gnd ";" tra n""",Kk,,, 1.1> anrthi ng 1Ita!
pertain. to thc ,...,rid" (,1.. u",pl\ai>o"",,,, .';vm '" 'OO ~OO~"" OM"
~",,,." It .. POlf ,,~ccU"nc< in "nil> of ,lte ra,uc.d dj"",",cc tIt,,,,,,,u
,~,.;'''' "an,..., ami c"'"""ely ..""""e ,h~1 ~.., ,.,tical h;,,'"-< to.l"""D
,heto is co" .... ;'"ll. I" ",is eo" ...",. On;;"'I' .....re ... '0 ,), .. 10"" of (".00
fQC Io u"",,, b<ings. ~I !h""gh ;n t~n>" of 'naturc' Ilc 'h"" nothing to
, ~) ,,;t h thom'.'" Ikoce, (~, """>llDt oftLi, oml>ha,;, on G(~f, m(tical
u'ln;u"dC"Dct to 1i1t w"ri,1 (h~n: C~n he no qu,""ion of """nee of
(;00, His I..,o'g i, 1><,'00',1 ""f prol,I,,,,,,,iqo~ ,1.001 c''''''''' "ha,",..,,..
~oc !hi, I"'g-~" to malc se"", 'HlI) " nee ","cat ... " e~ mc i"IQ hcing:
(herd",.,. ""'I,,,. prop"r i. Qn(oluWcaily I,,",Lcrior to God lIim"tf.
In "i,,,,' of ,hi, . ()'" ,."mar of G. ~lorO\-.Li about the 'di;tanC<' of
"""ltt" betwcon Go<1 an<1 (he ",'orld i> o.u ;"<ompk,c 'lMi iruCCllt3tc
ec ho of a 'en ah-c'"I)' "-'1)O"",k<l by Onl:"'" ~1ol"O,-,J.i, ""'ril~iOD
""""0/
"0'
1';.,,,"'1"'.'
--no.,
;" th<
,,,..u, ..
19. VI ;.. .,; .."a ...."",,1; [;,j~ \~I. 311 "';''''Q ....,1"". Th<
"""me"t hf,.~"" roj.; ""(''i;' ~ !'WoW< "''''
W9J1ll-91, "r.~ to
..... '"I"'_ r .. m. .... f oom ofth< G.ood, ~'"",~;, ' """ """1:. bul bt)",," l";ng.
TIX' ""'"'" of"", "",alt<in< J'""""",,' b.fo..no <"'''"'''' ;, on., .... ,.-<1 in.-...., ~ .
.. cm. VI, " .
:1.\, TI .. """""" !NI e-"" ' ...... ' b.., """"",red h<M< cr.,,,ioo, ;, '""'0
".--.oJoh.
.. .ft., '. I
in~,
" .--R-,
"'".1\",.
>mOL
n.
on {'... n.
oI-tivvot_,;",..;.","" ....."".
'"
,,(,hi> no,;on toJoltu of Dalll",",u'" oho<!kl 'h", he dil<lu~~f,.,.j. He
alw "I~)r,d, 10 ,\"go,,'o. "ho sa;,1 "nihil'I"" ,,, ." """' '1""d "d
-r,ini'alCm I><rlit"'ai. t\i~ 'ltoud Trin;, .., <Q n<heL e' ,h~", i, nut anrthing ,,'hid, ;. n;t..l<<l (0 'he Trin;'r. "1"'" f"'lll 'he fact th a, ,he
Trin;')' ha. crcaw! i, ." HUI it ""'" Ori~cn .,,-h o h"d pr<ccNled
Augu'1iue by I"'iuting O\H the mdir..J ;rn:k"nn<e of \l'i'<iom to auy_
1l,;tJg ""'''h:d ,,,,,I ,b. '"ec'1"""'" of a r",~ti' ...,I.lion' 10 ~'e
"o<ld oto ' of lh. hent">knce "f G.>d ci6o.>~;" ew~\_ It " ".., indc~d
Origt"n ,,-ho ,,,,,,,;,,1 ,hat 'the ",,,,,,,, of 'h" Tri"i,y )~" nothing ill
,t",
."rt.,
,-,-in,. of ,toe '("",al;'" rcla!'",,'" of God '" ' h" cr"~' "'t" II'h"'l<Tt;T
h~ "f.", to th. I.-ins of \\"i><iom, ,!:>mol)- 'I~, Son of r.od, h,' <1""
th e p,e",,' """e ""d
,ha' ,11< ' \\;.<10'" i; heing' \"Hi
W6,,1," 'hereh)" ,.,notillg hi> 00IKeptioll of th< .'erup"ral beiug of
r,,,,i; for h~ ,k",uo 'he pn''''''' ,."" 'he ""''' ,,,,propria,. io order
10 lal~ ~t.ou t 'he he;''!! of C",L " He "llo '1<10'''' lhe imp""e'" ,en,"
"",d hy John in 'he t,.'gin ning of hi, SO.pd a nd ,"npha'",~Uy poill(>
o ul l b", lhe being of the I ~'!l"'" of C,~I i> cxpCC'<'C,i Lluo"gb ,It<
,,,rm ...m' ~'" nO, by any "' her for", '''''h '" '""(,,,",,' i7tvf:10I,
H" aI"" I"';"" "'" ,hat 'he buer " ",i'3hle 'ml} for ,, hat (~"'e into
heing ou , of "mb;"g, 'lI<'h ... 'bfe', For i, ;, J oh" himsetJ "'ho ""l'
tb .. Ijfe 'became' ill ,11< lAJgV>_"
011 tho ,,' hor h",~1. whon ,.,fom "g '0 ,It< "c,,,,,1 c",at""', bc
'c.
'h i' "" 'f"',,,", bcir'!;" I',j ro6~""", lI.iog the ti""", '''"",,, He .. per_
'en!), COil",,,,,, of 'he ro"notalio" of thi, 'e""'; ;, is use,l '0 04c~'" somc,thiog no, rxi>';llg a,
t"" co",i"'g lmo ,xis ... "",' ,"
th e
,ha, i" o.for "'ha, i, indicated by tll" p",,.,n,
"'' 1':>:-
""""c;
,'a
rll'''''',''
1''''''''''
'ell"",
~ A ' ~"'>e,
,~
'M
I, 'ojiJ'" 11 . In bc, John "')' 'In hOrn ~~, w;,'. I" F, . 11, """"or.
"'" o/runs of ,],., r~ "IoM i. =,.;o,.,-.-d ~i~ , "" fu.I.,.,,1' PU' ""'" 'Without hOrn
~., no< . ,,' !h;,'II m..k, Wh .. I...... "" ill ~;"" ''' I,"'"
o,;,oii .,....,,"
.w.. "0 ytp,:,..... ..,;,,0 !;o>/I ,....
" John,
"""I;
JiJ<i-.
I.
,Ad
Xl "' .. n'''''''~ "'1'>.'"1 ',,,!q~ ..... !"'.)Qj... ,,<h.;, 0, \)~'''!V'I' ... " '''''''' "" .....
'.""'l'O JO .>mu, "'l' '" r"I'Joij.., >q rr>"I' '.~",.""'I ~ "'LL "'
->m>
'<4' ,11"[1, , ..." -'J~411'U. ~..,." 1'00 ,' 1"" 1~'I' ... ""'P' . ~ '''-'' >Ja'l'
IC'I' 'l!e"" ""~"u '''I' I~'I' p.>nllJ~ O<f" J"~'I I 'pop .)01 <>i IHI~ '~"L>q
_IIOtl JO ,no llL!p', "lO'! PI..L"-" "1' :!n!-l'1 0, ,I"II!"', Ik'O 'I"""..,,'''E'
"""I 'P~""~ '"4 p,Jo." -'4' 0, ''''!'~PJ ""m."" _,!,,>,.) >Oll!, ';>O.i.J~""
Pl"'-"
'\iI'"'I'''''
,.on JO
.,.i ,!,~duj! "! U !~lI~ '! '! J()J 'UIJ'''' OIl' IIQ ' u"!; ~4'
0, uO'"_1"" "J"~'~.i "1' JO I"'" 1'''"'1 ~ u o ~41 "" PI'0_" "1' 0, UO!,
-.1'" '_PO<.) JO M-J1.\ "4 "'I'1lOO ,,-<SuO "04 -H~,,,o'l '''''' 0' ~""S>
-,.>]", ' ! ' I '<>-'J8u" ""K,'l '"
''''p'''," '" P"fu"&>J "'I pln,,-..
'''OS ~'ll 1''''' p]>o... J 'I I "110<1 "}~ '<'OS '' '1' '" , ,"W.~ J'l l JO <'0!l~1'"
"1' """J "'>J~jJ!1' "H"'" ,,," I~'~ 0' UO!'q1J ~ " ! l)Du," 1'1""'1 ' "'l
plno.", .... n'~ " " ! ,.>.""e 'I'.,1 1'1'0.'" , ni' ""1 ' 'S"!" " !":>!I JO n"!",,, .'"e
,,,o'J 1J.d~ po:) 'p c", S"''''l 1'1'0_" "4' JO ." .'~, PP4 " ,~O JI
-NCJI " OJ .>01'
n"" ,"
',"'""''0
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H:I
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th ere ""'" I",' h God .nd hi< lkcUimI h> cr<"'~ IICing. ()I" of D<)1l h,,;',g.""
(,,' '" ,hcn "'r ho'" the !'daoo" of ,he r.&>.r w ,h, Sot, " por.
tr.)od. ,\ l'a",'W' from /wtIIJ" dcoc,yc, (0 t,.. q",~cd ;" full . 11 <he
m",co , in" it ha,
~ ... o
,!!",,,.
.1.""
r",,"
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"".w.
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1,"1<"'''''
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a"
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1'",10" ixgr" 'he onl)' l"'go1l<n &,,, .. ~I bring> f"nh " 11,,)"
Spiri', ,,0< "" bcUIS> ~1.., <lid n<JI <>.1>1 loo:fOl'C, hI" ;n ,h ...." ... IhJ.,
or 'f)irilu.o!' ...u
...".Id'
,,'100:" urd
"""""', """" DO -en"" <10< on!) """pOOn ~ OrYn', ""m 'mklhtuol " ',d;!'
_to\<; ' ';'',.0.;' ......:I in , ~""'& '''"'''''' ~" ",""" "'''
thi. ''''~'''''''"
""'""" "" Sun
God, I"," ...
'~'u<Id' Iri.g ju~ ' ''''''J''''~. Cl. ~. 19,
or
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of
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an
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i"'-"<> ""-""
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'n""
'h e $or, . ",~i k. th e ",,,rid. i, c,,",-,'c rn.l " 'i'h ,he Fa,h,,, is "
t<11<1 of Urigeo ''''tif,ed '0 by <",illellt Fao he"" , ueh a> ,\ (ha na,;",,'"
abd 'h e h"",ri",n Socr",",. ' " A, haa .. iu' d early in,lic"'te'
i, wa.
OrigtH ..-h<> i n'pi~1 hi", in m uch ar hi;
"1I,i",( Aria n.. "" L'"
The coll l,.." iot ,he ,,,.,, ditrem' l ,,ay. u\ " hich I..,
t"o difk",,,, ",k"io" , s...,, /,,-<Jrld '0 God i, ' Iui,e """Ro"" the " " ..M
ca",e illt" l>c iug out of rl"u.l><i, ~ , Such a notion ca rl hy no "'''''''
h,,,,,
I.., appli.d
to
,h.
,I.,,,
"'&.,,!, "'''''''
SOD.
11 is indic-. ti,'e of ho" it"'I>;;!)' Origrtr f...1s '<boon d" , ,';e" I),. ,
I,, ",,, ,,,' ns ",,, 'a:ohbly tr,<Iic" lo" , ",10<0\ h~ rrr,.,., '0 the (wO unp<>rtS
"f , he te,m ',,' i..:lam: "'I!"rding (he ' (h"o",m~ta' (or. ohjc"" of ("{Ill '
1< mpb tio rl "",I '"",,so n. (which a f ~ a l" , caU 1 ',,'ooom'), h ~ "',,.,,,,
'"
mm
110
10 "'" I.><>m. """,
1'InL 2. 6.
'" I~ , n , 2. 7:,fr.llolt 3,
,~
,1''''_
, ~ ,\ ",,", .,; u~
D. I ~
.~. 27, L 2,
1';'_
8oo~ 2. doapl.. 21. 10 oJ-.e """" "'(Ht. JIvo. ~.
' hop"'" 12,
"Mo"""" "''''' ru.d)' ."""W ~" ""ID,! lh<m br
U>m< .\ t "h,.~ .. or OI)"'P''''- F.u=dU", ,of "",i.o<h, Apotb,..,.;", Tbo>pIwu' or
' ..
So>.',""~
Sooc.-.""
t:.x-. .
f._,
AI<......u-;.. .o.J",ID,!" ",,,",,.,, .... ''''' 'hem All""";",""! I" ''''<n .... ''' .to""
"",nt or,Vw or
rt.n.x.i~.
""""w..:
'" ~rogIy
"
"r',,1.
0,;,..".
'"
,ha, 'he)" a", nul btgioningl.", h,,' -"mM';' " in 'hi' "")' (hi, ',,-i ...
dom' is di,u"S"j,hc<l flu", ,10,' I,",:oon or ' he Sol, of God "'bo time1",.ly "'" (n(>1 "'""'" "' ;,h the l'a,lk"_ '" T h .""". ,,,,,w.,, i, mnrc
1">c,",,,11; <>pre,,,,,d in ' he Ca.., ... here lilt l"'Aicictl'ial <,,"'''';011 I,h",
i., c,",atjo" of ',hw",m,,"" and 'Te"""" i. "du mhr."c,1 in tenn, of
l'rt'gnMty' lOt, co "<q~i()n: ,,;'ll~.,:;': ',he bt-gi"ning of heiug li ..
U\ ~'" ooocq"io,,' by ,b e 'mothd 5,,, tb;v'~ " ... U~ , ri)~ npx"'"
"""'"0''''' <I"<I".'" """ i" I.h~ c\i,';nc hr~_
Accordi ng to ,h i. rc1";oll of cr~~l i"D to G",t he i. "a, ..i a, ""ints
a< th" c.. " .. o{ ere",;o" . TI, ;, i. apl~i1 ,,, ,h. "o,io n of 'com illg
;"'0 be';" g o ul or Il oll .being", to (he cluti,-c .et of God, ,,-hieh ;,
10 ,1" . c..."";o,, of !>oM ;"eo,"!",,,,;,i ;,,,d CO'l",,,,al o'''ure. God ;,
".,ed '" "~ "-,,. ' h) ,in ,," of the r"Cl th" h, cn:atcd "''''1>Of'<'~1, ~ "d
iJ\co '1"J",~I, w. (I(l)~a,,~'" "". , ...
'11' ,o{""". iu,;v,,,,v
ait,,,,, 9<0 .. ,'"
T he ."me 1'rc<lication ;. attribute,1 to CI"i>1, ina.mucb . , he L'
rega"lcd al Cre~tor, na",el)' .. \\',..to", ,,' h<o ''''illed' 10 '"",ept "
r ... ali,c ");,tOo,, '0 fu"'''' beings'. '11"" Chri" is 'C'~ ~"" I",c""",
il ;" he who g.,.,e 'he 'be;ng' fllli,ia . .. "" ,;, ' ; 'IlI' ~,~ " ", "f
,~""beiu!!,. '"
In "bOther instance, Chr;" ;. "a,1 '" tbe c"'"... of ......".,'th ing.
be it ',,;',l>le or iOl,;'ible, in 'he >e1\'" (h., be ';' hefore ,hem a nd
'hc ca"", of Ihem' ",,,I !I~'''' [bem llteir 'being' I, ,, "VIlI",'" ,\, ,I""
I",;n, O ril(en '''''kc. ckar tha, he alhode. t,,~ "nl), ,,, 'he ,,<" e,l "",
,tion, b ,u also to ,be J"''''ide",ial on" ho >pe." of the "",",ns a,
well "" of the ""b,mntiti<."i<)O 000"""" ,''' pointing O)lt thnt Cltrut
is 'he 'cau,",' not o,ily of th .. a<tual "xi"ctoce of Ihin!(S, b", also of
,ij,
';00',,,,,,,,,,,
.. ,,/,fu.. I .
~ C. l<i~ ,_~ . f<o- gnnkd ili_, o.-'.!f<n "'101 , ,....... of"",," ,) of ,I.. ",00.1
'1 .. Ciloi>_ I - . a ~."- ....... pp. "0--2). I h,,,, 01,,--.1) "......,J ). ". m~,.L:"
'" "'b ., ,...""'~ UtWo" ' i "",'
'<"(><''1"",,,,'
U... So" ''f. riI.. p, tlo,
"- I, ~ ,.,..,.1Iigg r..J1<d '0 I!""'" iliu ~ ... ,..'" \\'odom.oo I"'!!"'._ ..... I,wr
'0',-,1"""" of ,loo _ . the n:" of ,lw-m b_, ..... 10 d-oe <er,- ~t ,h., d-oe ",00.1
~'" I~t "to be;.,!! "" , at "",,\>o>i,,",
or "'"
,~ c..t, 3, ''"''''''''"''8
,,, "rp'.2.
,~
If>ro.
,~
NW.. I,
or
I.
,,, IkL
,.,
th e ',ea.., ,, , r", 'hcm-a n",i"" 1() whi<h he ""rib",,,,, par excel_
lence 'he DOli,,,, of 'colUing iuto bein/!" ,"" of Ilon_being'. ,.,
I" the r"'''~~ ' of hi' daun, "bou( Origrn', lhm'gllt, C. BilIg ",~'"''
to ""..,..i~" hi, doctrine of (""fa';"" "j,t. PI.wni,,,, . 11 ,- l 'k'''''. h',...
"'..,c. lha, he ('"..m no, 00 ,t"1t '!trough all immediate ",1"';"0 ",'i ,h
I~at().
,b",."
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.. the ""'" of
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143
(h,,( orrmiou ou( of no".\>ei1lg i, i",po.. i l~r. '" although he <ond",,,,,
,he '"'''' (h~l (I,, c=nos bas .I,,ays ,,~;,,",I , '" I'hilo', p,,,;,ioll is
,,"deae '''' )''.... )'. ,\!j C hri... "phee Stead ,<"",,10,,'" .I'houg h I'hilo
"Ot,<kmn. (he ,'.".. (10.( ' h< ,,,,,m,,. ha, .1",,).. <xi,' <<l, h< "')!I""
(h"t (her< wa> DO (ime 1>4,,0 it I"'S-d"" " hll( h< also p,r.ph,,,,,,,
(he T"""""
Oot ,J", good""", of ,J", nrmi u'W'''' .(](I use, it
\0 "~pl" i " GOt!', or<irti"g of the fo>mos iI, 'lC<ord~,",e "'Ih bi, 1'''''
cx;,r;"1! dt-ot('I>." Ilis re.ding of (he 1""""", theed",,', .II",,~ a
ddlDit< c['<a(ill' act which iu fact w io,'"n(,,"oo", ,'" Thi. ""'"..
'0 rllk DU' th, aUegoti",,1 " ' I'b ,!:>,i"" of th. I"'"
'hollgh I'hilo
I""" onc '0 expl.i" """'y 'he ',,;x dl)~ of ",,,.,ion'. O(h"r poi"" ru-c
';" 11'1), kfl
fO/' in".... >c h",, WIl" I"'ga:" cllhe"., or :,IIer'
(he r,,'~'Oo" of ,I", ""rid.'"
In fad. 'h~",fo", Orig<n', coocqMi"" of p,,,,'i<l<,,,;;'1 cf'Cal~m OI n ,
IIm be a;!()(::jntcd ,,'il b 1'Ililo', \'i~~ . Fo, in Ori~'Cn ' he 'I~"tcn '" ru-c
cre"dted .. / if'1WIhv.". they ",c " ,C"~I
of crcat~m . 110' a tmn,
><.nde", ..
of i,. T hry .'" I",ing, well as tuocrioning, ~illlin
lite ,,"'0<1,1 , T hi, i, ~ cri'ic~1 poin( 0" "h;ch O Og<"', (hough!
in LVI" ra., (0 ,he COIT<>]>O" ' " "g "">cl of 1'1';1",
'ne ide ~ of G",I a. c~ " ... ' "f '",eotio,,' Iho(h the pru,;'ku,iil
"",I (lCwaJ one ;, of utm(t imp""""," . For ,h. "dOl>D"" of lhe
n",io" of "',." i, strikingl), i",~c,lt;'" of lhe eonl~ion of crea,ion
h~\'i"g ~" (lC1U,d I",gilln;~,
A f"nd,mell"'] pOl\~ipk >c' fi"..h by Ons,", ;" 11"" /i:M! pro<mJ,
from a '''''''' ","iI "",,,,,,..u, "=. "'Ki""in{,.'" The '-Cl)' f.et, (hercfolT,
<re~,io" had a 'OW< entail:! that i, had a &<g...,.;"g. toO. R. Sor:dW"
" ... 11iol1, ~"'( Otigen .",,:';n. ch:" 1]0.", is ~n 'u' '''lligible " ',,rid'
"Itieb;. '"ilOOuI I",;:hu\;ng" " i. oot com.'<'l r ha", :d...--"'I: "'1>"'-'<1 ~"I
(he ,m 'j,udligibk "'01'1<1' rn.:,1ao, no '''''''', sin<.. "u,;"'" ''''ilh",,,
b<gill ll ing' i, a II",i,," .I iell to thi, fca me of thoL'IoIht. Th" 1><"";"-'
also '0 ,b. prm;,lcotial o... a, iou. 'n .. ',e~!()n" a",] tftwprj_ "hicb
p"",.gt:
'<1,,,,,
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'n,o reOttiull
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'11 ...
,,,,p,",,,,,, "'at
:I.\[oIl:
I. ~" b, ...
the ... "" oirl'i I>;"oing ""') .1.0
'm. ,,"',.. or ron~ inro ""On,;' 'APIit ",1 ;, ''''''; ;,"",*", "i,w',.x..-i.".lIint! rum",U or ,,",,,,,I<, " ..""" <ArlI<<.
",fiGot,
or I.." ....
art
,-i "",.lk'
110
<UDr,
IL Nom.
I~l .
'"
" rea!;,), ill ",'h ich 'h~ ""0 wo, 1I0( IxUlg; Im. ' he"" j , " dear COli
<'Op tion of t ht (li,illt heing "heT<" 'hen: "-.,, liD crca' ;m' ., all . ,..
Ongeo', ,;.,,,~ Ib,m.d,.. .. ",<,,foh':. ". wdl ... ' he on."ner ;0
"lU<h ~\C"} .". """"hed, ciclenn;",,'>/} ,lnnOll"Me 'h,,' ill hi. 'bought
(here .. 110 ,,,,,m for " tl )' IIOlio n ,uch a. 'cm i,)' of the "'orld "_ h
,-.:h~mclldy
Logoo"'. ''''
w.,
Th. '"<'Y 11",;<)" <Jf l.><gi n" ing de n,,' <> ,ha t c,,,,,ti,,,,
"'",,,,,,!
mll of DO II .heing. Tlu. i, "Ill'. in C,/,. he "hallo"!,',,, ',110'1< ",' il" bold
(h., the world;' nm en"".,i', arguing ,10", 'hose "'ho ,,,,mill , ,,cb
a tenct 'cru " ,OI .p<ak of a,,)" h.-j(iMing of
orld 0..;
lo,"v
oh ,~i~ "*"~'o, ~",,,*i"<l\~ ' '''' ocOO~' <ipx~' "u,,,;; "'<"V). ,"
The)" an; th""" wh" beli""c ;n a,,)" kj"d of hegi"" ;"gb. world, "k:h
., the J'I.",,, i,,, who ""tai",,1 d," idea of all intd ligihk- world a nd
a beginningl.", matter.
Own'. expo,i,i{JI' 10 .. n",hill !!, of th,' ,u!>!,.liw"e.. of 1~.1O'
On~. whid' left "",on for so " ' a") ",h"'-"ij" e,,, i>lle'l,,..,,,,0u,. '11 ..
.., me g<u for I'hil,,', , ta,,,m,,,,,., TI")' "<'e ",min;,1. ... ' thal hi,
';C"lK>int ,.."" fi,~,II)' 1'"",,,1 con'ru"crnat ,\lthoo'!lh he is,ne. at ka;t
One 'k"ial of c,"" io" "n' of uoth ;"g. tbere . re ",me ",,,,,,ing
a"i",,,,,iO'15 :dong ,,'i,h i1. ,\, all) ral,". he ",'" ,,,mci,",,,I)" "agu ~ (0
allvw "",m r,,, tkh.te, Ik>id~,. he I." ~ "d I.orgc (,1[, ,hon of the
timde .. CO"'""I>lion .
In con'""" Orig<n'. wnC<'l't;on of c"a,ion 'x ,m,};, i. cI<ar_c,,,.
TheT< i. uo poiut of hi, work allowiug for the p"... ihilit)" ,b., he
,..". groping for a nmiou of btpIOIIIg, O n Ihe roUlrOJ")'. he I" .. aD
"n"~'-ermg gop of ' he itJ,.a ~" d """"llc, '" 'his ~" induhitahly
oka, sen.. , T his ;, ,,-hy ),,, fo"O<"f"II)' "I'P'<"< oh< Cr.,.. (w!~) ar<
'he . .
0,,"
c.....;,,,,,,, ,.,.
o.;p.- ""
"''' mioookn """"~,.;.-..._ f''''ly. <10 .. GoWn hoIdo , oooion 01'" 'fTa>nu.,\en,
b(HId' 01'
S",oo".J,lf, <10>1 ... hold, " -ooct.-i .. 01' """,,1 '''''''''''-, _" 'i'"
..", q";" ,:.0.00.,. """ ..
<Wm\ 01' <It f,J" ;n
""rit>.
"""Dhi) 1<.., I",n .... "'.....""'.. ~""h ........-.1-,. dO,CC. E, ,.. f." . "0. 1y,jj""""," , G...,..;a""., c....
/'//""", On amr:;.., Pm.. 87 '<>2:1'- '8' 2:1.1 .
,-it~,.
Ori""",, _ . ,
,~ _ ..J .... , 2, "'\".
implied in hi, fon-go ing portioll and doe. "I"'"k of"'" bwt<nint of th e world In,,mdy. i.. crc.,ion out of non.beiug thro"~4,o,,t
bi> th",)iogy. Subs<:<lll"m)y. be h'" ,,0 <iOflkllhy j" ' p"ak;ng of a ,,,,,e
'/Jifort' C"'~ [;OIl of 'a19 ri>!WM1 ItJn lop<, .u,,~, !....rp'i, "''''''"' ,'
whHca. in 04 h. reafform, tha' ',h" ,"""Id ho, mme ino n ..i.\eneo
(0 ~OO~ yt:yiv~'a, "'"
III COII"",t
' hoo<: "ho 'carulOt 'I'eak of ouy I><gi n ui r~ of ,b<
" orld' . ,,.. Ongert hi",""lf quite oIlCII 11 .'" the notiort of IH"woi#t, ht
denling 'h~l ,~';I ">ti"" i" ,..~(ional ereat" ...... b y namn'. he bring; 1110notion of I>...)"y up aga in, 'f":~ki"g of '"an""" u;"ing in the begin_
ning' :uPX~ """'",;l.'''' III fJOiut of'bi>, he cOllt<lId, tha, a mtion~J
"'b.'I it i, lib term; of "'or~1 q"al ity l b<e~"", of its
o,"'n ,"'pon.ibility .. ntl on aco""", of ito >1'uo""" it"lf, tILl! i,.
l>crall"" i, ,,'.. m~d,' f", .. i. Ik btgI""i>Ig <ipm6,v),
'\hh, ~'gh Gnd', dcc i';""
c",~t< al'l"' .... ill a ,ime",," ",ali'"
l'Ioc di" iuc ""C. O,igclI inC\;tabJ)' h,,, '0 c_'p.-.o,. tI, i. uotion ill tem_
poml term . Thi. i, whr be taU. On 'he reader rtot to be . mbar
,....... 'd hy "'" ,,"" of ,""'pur_I 'en,,, iJl a ,L,.""ioll ul\'ol"jug ,11<' ;10.-1... n"L'),. '" Iklci"d ,j, <s li<o' rary cou'enti"". h",,"'<vcr. w~ cau
di".", hi, ,1~.l'er ,Ii,'i" 01 percep'io". of Cod lIi.,,,!! a nd God
as wcU a. 'hc o<llol,,!(ic.l pri"rity of 'he fi,.,n<r ,,, tb<
in
f~ct
'0
tt.""" ..
,0
... C..-.
I""er.
I" tu, ,hough , ll",,... i, " ,"";0,, of u'hto Cod derided 10 cn:.w.
It ;, , h." ,igt'if>C~t" 10 ponder "POll ,hi, 'when' ~IId .. -c how ,hi,
" p<rcei\'Cd .
no<
""'.'w"<.,
Iitnt ,Itt .t.,.!_ ,I.. b"gU,nh'g or (;",1', ""l~. be ,hey con,true,iona] or pro>i<lMnial, 1lO d,;, b'gU",;ng ;, l"i: i 1(>g<'d "" ,.id , we
<....
of ~ hich .he
~'" 6"",'. nd ~-e ",e''''
h<T ... 1.>,;.", to e.-.oar,,,,,,, lH" \\';"100' .,."",If;, tun" " ... " ,\>'",ut;aiJ),
being "';,b God 0Ct",," ,be .",.r, .~ ~ .,.,.i idStoo;. 0';",.,.;.;,; ' pO
'u,,,.
o.r-".,....., ...
~"'PI"""""'"
.,. 1fIJ\. 100. 1"--: 12.I~, tilt ' " '' in idl\. f , PG 12.1 131.
1101
'"
Th ,,,, al'hough 'he at"mpoml Ch"ra<l~r <.>f lI"i.d"",', b<;"g is ""''''
"ou,l.,. ~rul'hn'i,cd. !he """cCV' ,)f e,.c.tic" 110/ cxi"'~,g in Wi;<lol11
he""lt; ",'~O '" a IkmIg/II or "ill 0< oV<;.it>II or ('.od. ;" "''';'''~; ''t:<t.
'l'her. ' i. a nOli"" of 'vhnl . .. M", "hich ",,,.du,i,d)' j"di."ah'S
'he
C()1"'~p' ;()n
<.>f G ad a. hein g
Cr~al"r
tig",~ .
, ",.Ii,y ill which God ;. 1101 C ""uor fil. Thertll l"'" lie< ,10,
cOII<q>tioll of C"'" I/"""ilqu;," "pan frw' all)" I~>ti"" of c"'~t ioll .
T he rotJU:l',ion of ( ;",1 Hu",d!' ... clis1'''<I from his "'ing knowo
a. C::"'~lOr i. 1''''0;,,,,, ,,'h~1 allo,,', Origcn <0 '''>lai" 'ha! creation
'W 11()' illtradu<e 'lily cl1.:",!:', in C",I . T hi, i, "'h )' he h.d no rn
sou
,k al with 'he J&udo-'luc-;tiou ' .... h., w;u G",i ,I(,ing bcf(,rt
c",."ion!'. R. Soralrii' " nseri l.., ,h;" roncern !O Origtn. bn! hi> mi ...
~,ke i. lh" h.
hi!
00 1'riM. " he",,,, nU G", a "d ot her
I..,i" ~x" ,bo'" ,ha' he d~ 1 tOO' .....,,,1 10 d,al " 'i,h .. ,ch no",,,,,&.
~or
que"i" .. i, t"""d 0" CQml>klOly Lml'<"w ,,,,ble pr~m;"':
wh. n OIlC m.le. ,hi, btfo" a ""riou, I",iut of d.b"le. he ha. alread)
""ab~'h"d 'he cmird}' .>rh;If",)" pre.ul'I""i,;on ,h ., ,;me
He
of ,h .. di,'''" bfe ha,'iog 1'0""1,,,.,1 d,~, Itci, is ~ lCmpor.d
,"'~il) . Tlcis is ,,'h)" he "I"""'" ofbrl"o,c. O"c<. how","",.;, h", ",*"
""I fon h ,I.., ,he ui,'ille reali,), i, timek. no que'I;"n ~ the oort
caD he po><:d , A. a ", allor of fact. it i, U(~ enoullh '0 merely I""'
nll.,e th." time d~1 001 I'ff<"<ie 'he "oond a, 0.IJ. Th;, p"mi", h'"
10 ",. ro,,,,,,,,,)) loon,. in ",i"d ""d 10 be e"",,,a;',",1 :ill alo"g ,he
p<rtinc n, pruble",.t;'!"" . O lhe",i.., it ;, n:d"ced to a fa;", tileen,
i... ~l <rho " i,h i" Ii",o",",' "h<,, the ,or;"""",, of lim,- ha. ";f'I ".
all.,. ~u ;" "iUell.
U rigc" ",", ,o;m of oo",ul logic ,w,1 thorou!!h k,nowlcdg<: of
,he ,,,le< of dial,.." io. T I,;" ;. why be did '00' fed i, "'.""'~")" \0
.Iql wilh a p!lCt<dO""'I",,,tion "",h .s ,h i. , O nc,' h" had ~ffim,,-d. III
Ih" cl<ar,-,;t lenn, p,,";I>I<, th., the '~';1I < aliI)' i. , i"'I"I",... I... k"n.Ihat nno ""ch a. !)ofo "' or "fie<" or l.>.Icr' are j ll" in",'i,.bie (yet
comcio", lingui.tic ;nacc","acic,. '" LOd" of all ,,-ould he take thi..
in",;,~bl" linguistic ;nacrumey as ~ n ""'u~1 philoooph;rn] problelll
.nd .Ie;ol "ith ;1 <C11..""I) _ ~'or "". "",;"n, of "'to,... or
appli<'d
tQ Ih" d;,; nc ,imoh" "c.. ,uAA"" lIolh illS """" than Ih" ,,"'ological
",I"io" of the
of God to cre.";on .
'0
c.""
l""",
."ch
">.i,,..
'I"""""
'.r,,.,.
.,,11
,~
,~
Il.
--Join<, 2. XIX,
' 16.
H'1-0"cl 'hat . h""ol-or, ,,'h .. R , ""rabji ealb Ihe -why oot ",", ncr"
"<Kuruen' origi",,, in " ,aci, I'b,onic pre ,"i>c; i, tnkc. ror gUII,cd
,b a' (;0<1 tioJ.1J ,10 "'''''''h illg 'beron:' h ~ ('"<",ed , For God (",",'"
I~ I"""" il o:d ... ,>0( IfRg ",n~ thi "g.
in !'I.",,,i,,,, ""d '\'''1'"' 'OIU;m
th e clil;ne crea,ili,) bear, UI,,, n ' he I ..,' ",,"'lice of ,he di,;"" being
i"df.
'11", .n.WeT ac",;ill), lie> iu the . harv co,,,,,,,t f>e',,'ccn Origc1"
'h o ugh' an(1 bo,h I'la,otU;m nl1d l\ropla,oni"m. For, ,.. I en> p h,~ .
,i ...<I, 0" ,,0 acrOll nt has lu. ron<Cf" of c'"<~ 'i",' <U' ) ,hing '" do " 'i,h
",h,,, God i" "-ny f,c<1 "fhi, doxtJi ne "f croa,ion; .. ~l oe nainl y 1he
rloliou of creation t" ",J,ii;,. ha; to do "'~j" ",it h ,,-hat God did. 'n er<
i, "0 legi,im",e ""ay of (Ira"'ing an)" rond ,,>ion about ,h,. <li,;""
bei11g in i,.,1f from the erra,i,-r all of G(~l; all "'" whi"h i11 110 ,,-ay
C~ " p",,;<k conc lusions aoo<>' G",I Himsolf U"bko ' I'b,wisn>. ;"
Orig<n ,I", cr~.t;'~ act of Go<l ha. n"thing ,0 do ,,"'i,h th~ dil'i,,,,
o nlology.
lI",ioo, th, de"P"r Dl'3ning of his e'e"i'-e ac,. a, a n ~<, of flu' - . i, ,tuo: a n)" 'lO' Oon of ...-1;1' is excl "dc<l i" , n "bsol"te '<"0". (;"d
ti~1 110' ('"<"'" ""i,b;" ""y cor,,,",,' i,\\"OI,i"g 'my It:/tl" "'h~(",,,,'er. Tb<
of CrCa'Ulg "'ggc><>
"",ion of God bdllg firt to :,,"'m< the
th e thorough .IJ","CC of . "eh " coote~t . thc cOlnpk'dy "[)C(m~ i_
ti onal dttThion dotl 'he futly Mliingmt ehaf>c,er of c,-"a,ion. 'I'm. f""
,Ii,';ne ~x""''''' of CT<!",ivil) ;, ,he "b..,lu ,~ "bse ..,,. of a" y hoUon of
wiry c""'pdlj"g, or , ' I"101l
impdling, IOW.rd. on'ating t h~ world.
n>e cork''']>t of 1.1... di"; ll~ f,"<dQm ill CT<!atiQll i, pi,ut"l. 1><("" " ",
i, ;" i ndi'I,.."",bI~ fOT ulld.",;",,,,Lllg ,hi, point, I , ,J,o" ki b. aL.ohlld)
d i;S<><:ia'cd fron, th'
attnched '0 hUll' "" frccdom . ror i, l>er~'u,' "'" O!~y '0 , be mao" er ;" " 'hich God litIS lor.
act ,,'
"Ilk I"" al .... puin" to th e m~n " cr in " 'hich Cod tl i"''''lf U, Thi,
mea ,,, that ,he "at< of C " cl i ll Him ",Jf p"ruil"<d ill tho ab,.,,,,,,, of
c,,:at;" " {u, the .late 1>"'" '0 rT<!ation. '" to .... ak hut in f.ct a
",,'e o ll wlogicalh- ungrA'I", I~c) ;" ab<> excluded fcm" " " Y "o,io" of
uiIy. Whic h Tl"'"n' ,h", 'here a.r~ ... ,"....,n< for (;od no, "" I)' ' 0
Cl<'a(C. bu, "Iso "0' 10 <n:ale. Which also me"'" ,h., ,h" n' " -e'" ""
""'''''''' "n aCcoullt ofwhid' Cod di,1 not CJeate ."rlie'. >0 to 'P',,,k,
'nere wor< no n:-.. ""." which WCTC ~ u~~"c",,,d i" " I..'OCT "age ~nd
i, Wd. ,"'" ,hat G",I tioci,leti to a" UlllC 'he f""clio,, of CTca'or
0" ace",,,,, of 'h"'" re.,,,,,,,,. The a il",I",,, aruc" "" of a"J" (3,,~,1
'>ex". b<t"-"",, Ih" tij,;"" l\ei"g "",I , I", ,Ij,';,,,, c,,,~, ;,.., FUlICrOon, as
....oU a, ,h" .b~,It"" aboc","-e ~f an)" ~~, for c.><l to """om< Cn,.tOF.
..i,,,,,'
fi.,"""
j''''
>Cl'''"
,I"". "'"
"re ' '"<> indi'p""able n<.>li<.>n, f<.>r tbi, d<><lri", of c",,,tion 'v h"
cornprcho"dcd.
So "'<><h with ... gard ,,, (he ,..h) no< _,,,.,?' "'"8I,,"e"(. It " no<
O!~; ,h,' '>OIi"" of sooner. h." 0.100 (h:., of ''''h~' "hieh in nv "")'
came' o"er lh. dj" in" ca",. ,\ 10' of .m" ha. h""" p'" hy ocho\
anh ip ou ,hi. ',,,,,ncr'. which after aIJ poi",. to tlot notation of Ood
with the ]lnxiOJCt ..r hi> eTC.';'.., act. I 'hiuk that th e not.", of 'why'
,k<w':"", to be po,id rattk \J ~" .>"""i"" an,1 co",;der~ti Oot. aU the
m"", .[ole< it m~ ; ol)' bears up"n , 10,' d;,in< I"'ing I'" ...
Hence O rig~n did not ,,,,,,,1 10 ""lKounrl hi., (ousideratiun, in 'he
,"';n ,h.t R. Sombji'" doc,; that '" to wo"dc, loo,,' i. i, I"",ibl< 10,
cn:~,ion 10 imply no (hang< i" f;od Hh",df. Ilt. n,ual m i ,t~ke
Imade ,h e,"". '00 "'1" Origen', (onc<1";o" abo,,, the 'gt"e,a,ion' of
,he Son from ,he F.1I",r i. ,hi>: ,cholars "",a!: of , ,,'roal ge"era
tion' "f tlk' Su n. '" if lhi, "~n' a (o.li",.,., ... ~ "f ,he h thet. TIle
fact. 1o",,c"M". i< th~t he ~k, of 'KC nemtio,,' I"'r!ra)"ing aa ""w
Ieg;':,,/ ,.i4I;"" ",;,hi" 'h e ,!i';ne life, ,~" au ",/ wha""",""r.' "
Il~ COt""'~". c,...~tio!' cam" ' '''" I",;ttg 00 ' of OOtl.I",Olg ,h"Jough
a Crtatiw' ",/ or ("; ",I, ",," ,,Iy. "" ( " f lci, cn:ati,... 'u"<",,""e' ~,'I)9ri ""
(let b<-). It i. quit< en!c",l poi" t ,h", e",at;'", is n;g.r,kd a, tlQ!
'coDSuh"" " ti"r ",;, h 0 <.0:1, wlo~,e. , the SOD i. 1~)f1rn)',,1 '" 6~""",,!<
to the Fotlo"r. a n(~ion wbich ha:, ",riou' implicat;on, fo, Origell'.
(locH;'''". ,\gain tho(.gh I ,1",11 "0' dal",",, 0" (hi, 1'00\1, "'hich i>
I~')"o"d m) ""~~,., and "'luin;, an CX!<",U>'< cXI>O>i'iQn of dli, thwlog).
A, ~ tI ) ""e, th e f~ct t l"" e... '~t;Ot( ; , a prto<luct of God', f ... 'c u'ill.
"< "" ,11 a. ,h"t ... h., came ,,,',, t~" "g "ut of n"n.heing i, ',,(~ co>ub
'''Ulti~1" ,,'i,1t 0 ",1 HiJll"'~ are t"." principal poin .. which u,~lerline
(hat (";"'(", c"'a';"" IV! d"". "". e<l" I~i,h a"Y ~ba~e h, Hi", Hin"dF.
n", di,tin,:tio" df""~\"" I~"",'n Ood i" Ilimsdf ami God "" k" O"'n
to ' h ~ """Id. i. 0"< of th e "'o>t fumbm~",aJ <o"cepuon. '''",00
'h""u~hou' Origt,n', """k .'"
... 11..
PO""!'"""'"
"'"' ,,.,,.,..... ,
"1'"' ~ loo-j",td
~
HO) "",0(',
!l"".....~,. ,ho
"" 0... can """. ..., I.,... ''''''g;' d ....... """" of R. Xom~ m..t "'" """'"
,bm, of God .h!.", ,Iiliiling .. ,)" ....... lime of the ~orId . To> him "th. d ..
""" oC'<!.""->! ,,,,...,,,. H. ;" U,*,," """,J..Lt
Iti. ".td< ...... "' .... of,,", dj.... "
""'m ..... 'Of. QI., (31. Tt.... "'" th.. ''"'" of G. tloruo.. ki. _ A.,..~
1/"1). p . 9 .00 <of. ,.... "umlr. 01" " hoIan, """" 01" ~iU<h h,,~ aIu-..d)' oo-n
or
" Cbu'
,,,,,",;ooN.
""
,h"
a.,,,,'",
th ere "all b< u'" n"lion of bd" ..... Slill Origen doe. affinn ,h .. the
prmi dcutiil cTC~,io" w .. hrongil , iot() being 'hefore' ' he "ctlla] Onc.
The ""hm ... /hn' u,~i()u i"dica'e> tha, thi. crcat iOll of ,"a'011>,
,""cording 10 ,<'!ut b ' he ""mid " ',,, m:l<k. i> nootnt1hing pertam.
ing '0 the
of I\'i>dom : i, ""If i"dic~",. ~ l',oc<". )'" '''''
a P"'"'c", in .ime, in fact" ,,;milar one 10 the " vIi"" of 'day." ill
",,,<>log}
illdic~1<
n"
"nr a
p".cc ..
of ,h"nghl .
Thi, me"", that ' he ... Ia,ion of \1";"lom, ",;,,, '" l"'lr-"- ,,, <",a
n,,..,, i> "ut an d emeD< of 1I..,
of \\""00,,, h.. ,.s..lt: Thi; ,s
what .. r<all)" o~l'''"... d by th. >(a1<m c,, ' lh' l W,><wm 'accq"<'(!'
l.i&f~ro l ,I';. ",lawn to '/i""r<' L"K"n,rc> ,a i(Jo~,,"'a . B CIle''' ~- it
;,; ""c,1 ,.-b.ther or 1I0t t3!! we ,';';uaiiz.., a "ate of \\i ...dom ",;tho",
"ee ... ",ril) ~\U,~;,'!; or c",~tio!'. <>' i"'ply i'Ig ,hi, ott a ")' "-")", OTig-'
""",,'e, i, tha, ;",kt~1 ,,'" Cl'" "'''isag<" Wisdom i" ",eh " " ',,). Fo<
"nat;on it"df i, b"t 1',,><Iuot "f Cod .. ""lit;O 'L TIt., i, 'he 'CI".I
pCITept~)Il hiDte<1 at "y thc <xprc,sio" ,,hm . , . INn', a, "'011 .. h)'
' -erl" .udt '" ~"c<pt.,r i~to, ',,""'ell" ~lluu~n6q 1 and ',,;llr
11\O1~~",~). in t/". passages c",,,,,,,,,d i" 110,. p""iow Pag<'s . I" poin,
..,f th. do<,ritlC "f ere.""", IQ sa,' ,hat ""m<"ne i, ~ 11"t""i>1 i'l''''
tamount to ",'ing thal he hold. God to be Cn'~t'" of ontological
n"c... it)". Ofig"" i. far from aDr notim, "f thi. ",n, ~, ,,-e h",'. >fi ll .
In ,-icw of thi;. th" '""ic id~. of ,,,"/;n,,,,,,[;1J of ="tion d<><:. exi"
in Orig"h', ,,orl<>. R, S<:>r.,hji', "'krliott.'" the,-,-.rore, I"'" ",is i,k,
i, ~ di ... ",,,,, of ,\ugtl>lir,,- i, no1 corn;ct . " wa, Origcn wh" d,,,j,
"HI-,- .nm,eial".-t thal ='3t;on;,," pr",IIlct of God', h. "ill , ""mdr.
that God would 1""-,, nC\'~r created had he not "iUcd tv do so .
R. Nom., ou t b~ otber h",,<1, took for ~"""d t b~, Origc1' lto"l, "
l'I~\Ooic ,~, or.n '",<mall)" 1"~--eJti"U\g 'wo rld "r j""lIigeDCe<.
He lo.. th", uph"ld tl". t)'pical d~im "hieh h~, 1><...,,, ,.,~,." up h~
ll llm~"',,, ""hol,ro. "1" ..,,,,,,,, h" find. him".,lf ""0.""'1,,, eonfu."d,
,... he noticco ceria;" notioWl whiclJ .re uuliXe " 11.\(0"i;" "From"
,,,t,,,,,,,,,,,
n.
'"
poin' of ,-in..- Qf. 1..... '011..., ' h~re ;" " ro"u,ulic.io" ,,,,,,,km 10 ~'y.
ing Ihm ..,,,,,, hiJ'g '" I""h jncorp<>,-.,a] and genc"""."'" lbc prol ...
le", of "'om. i, ,loa, :'ltho.l!,~' h, brand, Ong"" as a 1~ .100i ,,, "w
1,,- ~nd, j,uIIL'm"n1~l ,if'" .. hieh "re rli,roroatH ",-i,h I~a"'n;"m.
Thi, fall> r"ui of 1"" origilL>1 claim : 1>0'" co"ld 'h"", be "llla,,,,!
wi,h eac h oth CT~ ']1,;" place'< all Onu' on him 10 .Iford " ro",;nc
ing rc",lu.iou . lIowcru, he doe, not pu, hi. I'rcl1ll>c ill 'I"c>liou
a",1 rem";n' def"'m 10 'h" outright r.'lC' lh~, I';, 01"" (o",i<iem.ioh'
n"""" his 0'1 .,;0" s.:lrdd;,~ ,j"g. I ".,,'~d. h,' c"dea,u" ... 10 a<commodate h" all"wee '" hi, bia" cOllknt i"g him><lf ";lh b<a' ing ~
h" "y rctrca, a nd ~-crti llg 10 hi> origillal prcmi .., U rigcn i. 11 01
aIler all ao inco",;"te'" I'I.lIon;',,; h. did no. reaU)' Iookl 'h'" crea.ioo
ha,1 a beginning and c"me into beo,g 0", of 0<>".1><018.
'l'hi' roodu,ioo, h",,'c"cr, " " -co"g, sin"" 'h e 1''''''''''' aoo.." ~
,,'orld of r.,ion.l >pin,,' cri.ling ",' i,hnut I"-ginning i, "''rung in the
f"'t pbce . 1'0' ill Orige rl 'he n",io" of~"v! i. tw .. ..,ugly e"",,,
eia,e<! 1<, 1>< "'<';"g";"h,,d. Cena;"'l)" it is not " "'T}' "I" (on"""" to
""f ,h~, "O nge" ,,-a nts to h,,,', hi, c:o ~" ~"d ~~t i",: 11",t is.. 10 onal'"
",il, 'h"l I h ~ ''''orld of'l,;,il" is ".;,h"", b<-gi'U\; "~ ~ "d a, tht: ,an,"
time 10 .'peak "f 'hcgi"ning-. 'n c simplc al\, ....,;" o.ha' Origcn doe-<
"0' 1o"ld auy '~>1;"" of a hegi n ui n~\c .. ",o,ld . If I am to hreal do""
~S1anc., I co"ld !-a)" 'hm Nom.', e"mUlent ap~t;". rmh'< to him
".If. F"r. 00 Ih, ",,. 10,,,,,1. b~ ..,dc; to 'O~;h1"ih w, .,,,,,,,ion ,10,,,
O rig< n hold, 'doctrine of <<<mal c",ou"n" .ncl, " n th~ ,~her. he
cOt'red, .. the inC""OI,"hl,' tact ,Io~t Ori)(" n do<-< "".o.ai" th a, ,h" e,,"~
",i"n had " IH-:in""w.. Ce,",ainly ,hi, i. not a 'con,rndic,i,m' of Orig~n _
bu, " "''''''''''prch-=u,iou of No,'; . ''''
T),, final ,"",~'ueh1 ,,' hid , I w"h '0 "",~,. i, 110", "''''';' ,,'ould I",
mo,, cvnr",.-.d if he h.d g1""~""'xl OIl<' ,non ' poinl. "hich 10 .. lotal ly
<I"d,e<! hi",: not 01,1)' dKl Orig. " ), aI<l tha, .,mloill g call h.. illell"
po,eal a, ,,"ell a. genem,<, bll' .1", ,hi, '~e lleralC' ;" ""l 'con."b
"~ Il ti.--.r ",,00.:.0,<711 ,,-ith d,e di,;,lC iuc oTJ~"n~ty. This is 3 di>tiueti.,u
which 1~,,1O had 00 iokling of. whore", '" the fi nosUc' i, ooul,l Ott,n
o"or"!!'..,,,,. Hcsi<:k-s. il i, wcIH"""'n ,ha< -""S',,,i,.... I""ggl.xl hard
tQ f".., hirn,df from 'h" :\Iallicl~all ,' i~" 'I~" ,he wul ;, of the
", me ,,, I,,'a nc<: ,,;11, G,~1.
'"
Ther~
o ldU",.tcd ' he ,w,iolJj cxpoUl,dc,i ,heT'. ,.. For the pcrcep,;on of 11.("
'",,,<OtJ,' CO"~''l; ;"'" t..:;ng QU' of M Il.lot-lng ;,,'0 'he \\,i"]om la
nOlion ...., ro"'Io"",,>I; "",,,,,,'><1od in ,he ,.,... ,"' in C I'Cck is OM
doarly e~I)Ounded; '0 the exte nt ,h., ,hi, i, ,hen" it b ,.""de,ed ill
<tu
ob"",rc "",I I .hink. imc ll liouttIJy 0)""" ,.., ",,,,,"cr. Q uite "h,;_
" u,]y R ufum, I",,] IIO( grd>pcd OrigCll" d;"iuctioll l"'tWCCD 0",1
lIimJ,if. on ' he on. h,,))(I. and God '" Cf<ll/J)f ''''' of a r",e .wu;"..
and
or hi "n 'he o[h,r. H. app.",,, d) lea",,] ,ha, cI'<a, jo,,",
coming into 1.><;118 could <"Illil wme killd of chatlK< in Cod fllmJ'!f
I mai"taill that th e,,", po;"" of PM.- liu ",Iue!. the "",""aIlcd ' ,,-hy
nOl _ ner?' "fg\Unem ""'TU' 10 be imp~dd)' b;u,d1,.t: are only a
",11
rio,,,
"",i""
'" C( , _, 1,2,1.
.. r.-1. 1.6, 1,2. 1(1: 1.!. 1 ' ~. Th;, ~ ~ _
in "",,)1.'; """1-1 h"
be<n """,,ra"'" fro", ...,.J...... !;:""",ha"', I .. ~ . 6.\. n. ,," U, 1l ~ . 2 3.
... Cf. ,Vi".... "" IlIYJ~'. ~.l. 212. 11 19, J>< ~Ioo. 1.12. ~8:l> 1 1 , I~ "';"" :
C-.fi . '. XI.l2 "m~" '0 "'" ... h) .... """"r atgd""""'~' Xr.ll,",
.:o.u,;..-. ,It-.! '. 1.2.3; [" C_ [>n. XL5-6 th<= .... "" ,;n" bd:.<.. "'"
""''''''' In ".,,!em """" ,ru. ...gum<"' ho, be<n "" "",10 Or G.\\'. t .. bU. in
of
tu. fa"""" ",'h~ of jj .... P")~" """ S. Ca.,.,, .... d<>tlu,oI Joi>
"'t"""''''
"-lins tJ... l'i'~'lonWo "I"""" th" ""'" ";01> ;,.i<p<oo,n!ly
01' <hano!<'. Jl......,.,.r. "'~. r,utht. 'w"" .... "" .ru. 1"""';' b<-r'<oad OD) ""'P". cr
Il,C. ,1"' .... .Jo>'. 111< ,,,,,,,,.0..:0. c."", '_. ~ ,."'~, l'l!, :!6' ), 31- a. )5 /.
'~n)' ,"" ~ ;"
153
Th" f:o::, t. ,113' .uch a 'I""" t()!' "-,b pos<d " 0' ~) O rige"_ bu, hy
,lie Gm"';"" a'MI ~lollich"eal1" '" 1I0.. hl.,. ' he heretic. agaius' ... ho",
he poler"icw-d SO '''''''y ti,,,,,, eilher ""I.lici,l), 0< h~ Da",e.
The in"''l><>!'<'ioll of (hi, qu,~,iu" in the u.,ill rc"ding of f'rW
,,-a, a majur mi"ak< of [{ "fm",. J,"I,,]>O,;, ;on <ft ",'I> eXllIn' oolh
in Greek ami Lmi" ill"'''''te I,i,,, a, a malt ,)/" good ",iU. " d~'(),ed
'U<tll e1l111l"ia>tic fi" Orisell. hu, of no p.nicularly hiW' iutcUig<:'I<~,
or u"''l'r"<'a,j,.'e abi li.y. All the "Titing> ,,","'nl io r;reek dearly >how
,h~' O rigcII did nOl ,,..,<1 <0 add,,'" h,,,,so:)f ,0 (hi, fake""1u<",io".
h,c h, dd;ni,cly di"i ngui,lk,. Ih< "onccp,ion <ft God """"!ff",,,,
'he no,ioll of God', "'m;"" "lid ,,,11 '0 create. '11,,,, God Mw,; w
,I"", no. entail an)' change Ul Hum"'f. 0" the to"'raJ"Y, de'P it<
'he
,h", G,~I tkribJ to 01'<a'e, He 1Iu.w!f 1'<m~iru Ilnthangerl.
Th .. """'mcn,, in Ct{j lea,-. 1\0 fUOtn for .-louh' 0" uti; 'Iuestion' ;,
;, "'pl "~'I )' 0,,,,,<,,,,,-<1 ,I"" -,h" ,,,aching "fJow, alld Chri,' ",n, pr.,
",ryc. 'he ,mdlllf,!(rnhb aow lI1II1lr-.ahb [1II1f'mJ r1' God '" ii,p<~,ov Kat
';'vaUoion"" tOO &to;' ... F<>r in pr..),c" '0 G",I 'he Scrip'ut~ "~)-"
'1\", You "1'< ~\~ "'m~'. A"d i, is t.lit,c-d ~,., h i, r;",1 ,,'ho ""id
' [ I",,, tlOl ch.,,'g<:<r."''''
In the ""mo.' """' ,hi> """"'I"io" of Cod i< ,.,~\"",:dl)" <"",,,:.:.t.od:
",ok
r.",
en",,! hod
,,...d
mm._
I" a-.;
""~. \~.
Ln,
or GOO'0,. '"'-.
" ''''''It ii,,,",,,,,, Mi aro.'_
,.. 2l.
,~
,;,
ch" "g~
1''''''''''
1I~",df.
''1''''''''"''
.r.
" '0
w.,
r""
b,u._
n, r.-.
111_\.~.
From 'he>< ,ex". ho"""".,. i1 can he e"nd ", i,..;!)' dra"',, ,1,," ' he
""'TOti" " ;" GCT'''';' i. ,ake" to rd'o, to 'he '"Cf)' b<"ginuing of cre
ation, The "OIi<>U' of p,,,,';d<,,,i;') ,,,,d "ClIl;,) <,..,a!ion .re gro" "tkd
0" pa"ag'" uf Cc"",i . Af",r :.n Orig.:n i, :. Biblic~l lI...oIogi~n. "ho
;, ha ppier in ' I,,,,'a' ion from ,h< Scrip,, '''' tha n in n~ng phi]o'l'h.
ica] ,e,minolog.,.. T h " . 'h" ptrtineu , "MI;~i, in the,", two """ ion.
of 'he La,in 1=';01\ of It;"" ,h"u~t Ix- ,eg,,,,lcd as "It in ' c"_A"i,,u
of l!. ufUl"" he '00. ,h. '",'10)' DO' _ner?' P"' "do-q,,,,,,io,, a' n ,...al
I'rubkm; hC't<e he dermed 11"" hc ougJn '" defend his an,hor on
,h;, grou nd and ,hidd him from a I,,-,,<ntial charK" of her .,.. ,\,
'he ",," e time. hO"-""M", he ",a . u".. wan:: of criti cal facr" of th;,
'h,.ology .... ch .. , be di<lht<Don be,,,"'ttb , b. bon",,' of C od Himself
an,1 G,~t .. Cft~wr. a",1 <OI,""queml)" 'he COIJUP'~!Il of ,u " e, ", "d
"ollc~\ek .. '/l<' AJex. ndri.o'. e"ti,.., OOcu;ne of <,~alio n . Wr l" "",
'hat ,h<", ;, lad of (""gm""" 1><;''''<~1I allY giwn C'e"l f~,g.
lDen' "nd I!."/i",,,', 1.. till ,"ern"", Tb;' ",can, ,h.t ' he tm,,,h'or
ahri dged the work to a c01lii,le..-~hle t~,eot. 10 the ca.e of 'he doe
,n",' of c",.um, Ku ~",," ;,oj,;.ti,.., " ',, harmful to
"""""cr of
'his 'ht"<.\log).
\\n~' 1 h ..-. att<lnpkd in ,hi, ..,etiol1 ;, to expou ,," a cOIC;"1 a ,,"
c,",,,'O,"<=,,",,1 a,]>ec' "f " lie ,,f 'he ",,,,t ",~.,.,ica l doe, riu", "f Orig<n',
e!ltu'e ,hc"(Ilog)'. How de licate 'hi' Itll et i, e>idem fro", 'ht bj"ori
<al fael , I,., ilS ,bstorUoll " ',,, r.. ,,1 tor 'h e <"O"' p""Io"".;.,,, of ~'"'
'h~ol"g) .. a " hok ,
I" doing "'. I sold )' I"""d In ) ~r-g"m"n, ul"' '' hi, 0"'" . t"..-I\"''' ".
an,id illg deduc'i"'" '" "",>elu'ii,~" d,m", dial"'tically, C"""inl;' thcre
ar" ""me po;'", of 'his <xpo<i,i<>" ", I,ic h !Cem '0 be ]>"",do";<,,1.
~'or ~~" '''I~c. i, 00,,1,1 b<- a,ked: h"w ;, i, posoihlc <0 '1"",k of ~
-bcgi " ,ting' (i" ,I ... ",n,. of cum ing into lk' i "~ "ur of " o,,I><'i"&I in
a ""Ii,y "'hich i, ,imde,..> SUni]"ly, on" could ,ill:: I"",,' i. i, I""
';bl.- '0 'I'.a~ of actual cn;ation coming in'o heing afor the pro,;
,kotial cf'C~,io,, ?
T hi, ;, ' he 1"'1' point ,,'h.re tbe ,1;" ioc1io1l bet"'"''' (;",1 " Im'if
and C "'[ a Cu,uo, o,ppc." a. 'he d,," i,;,,' faclor for " nd"""""h"g
hi. dogma , 'l1,i, d;"i'lCtiQII ;, in r.<-\" tru,h ",hi"" ca,ulO' lk' apl" "
heodod by """,ciou. mi"d. and Origell d~1 kll''''' ,]"'t thi. ,ioctriHe
w., I><", .~t to he ,ui ,u ll d cr>"~ ~ t ouce couche,l ill """,b. 'Il,i, i. "' h)'
ht reg..... t"'1 thi. ,Ioc, ri". a. a 'm)~tical' 0" ., This i. nbo "'h)' h"
".,e, Ihal <It .. ,~""rine is ',ullic,," to " nUOlCia\(" 'M3'm'''") and
,b"
'"
''\r 1><1-0",1 our lingu ;',;.;, abiJjl)-~ (m, >roU4 n;.; ),j~ ~~ .... ",u;ov. '"
We shO\dd ".,,~U. ho".-e'..... Ius emph:";,bi. ,, '" of
1<1ll1""al tw.,Wn, when """"king Qf ,),,, di,-;,,,, ,;",<lc,,,,o.. ",,,,,Id b<
rcgankd ,to 1"""", ',,,,,,e '''' a<xo" " l of the no tl c.i"en..", of t; me.'"
Th. , a d<>g",a i. bo.>LJUd to be lI U,,, ,, d~,, ,,~.d once couchn! ill
word, is one of tbe maiu re""',,' wbich ",,,ckT ~e"a ill COOC"IJti on
"' )~Ika l. Origc" ~'a, "'f) ,,, ud, ~b,, 10 lli;,; fad. ,\ 1 1I,,' 1'0;'" "' he,"
Ccbu, '1'.010 'If th e C ... d lJ;"~(, '-'pl"ining wlo)' mall ]"", =u "'ed
a 1",,1)". he ru.~l<s a .lIon co,run "" y<t be f(,ruc.N to "" /()nt. hi,
OWII ,;""'... '''' lie (111)' m ak, .. a hint by
of th e S toic ""1''''''
,;00 .-a,w1.q~,,~oj opav,,,,,; ,,~rttI ""gni,;," impre<,;oll .'" aYCrrinl!
,b a, 'his ;0 ~,ct co ...
a cri,,.rioo for kM.,! i!,,,, of a ceJUj"
"""'m",,, ",,"
"',"'ll'
,il<,,,..
,,, I!ieCl. In ItW. 0101o'',,g)' " 01 b ) t h,- Stole tenn, h< a ll~dc . (0 ,hi,
;",d k c,u,,1 cap"'';,)" <Xf"" nKling 'h~ a .. mpor.-.J "",ological "'.11.';0"
Soo'.
l"gUu,ir,~
li"""
,,<
"""'IJ""'.
to, XU
Ui> Vnt ;3
c ..: \,111: 53. Ka,,,,,,. ,,,-'; ..."",uia ;, ''''''<pi of <he "'"'" ,k.", of
"''''""~ " _ , , """'"""" of "" ;Ok!led ~hich ;, "",",,,I to ... !Tu<.w
"" 00ub< can bo ... krt4i...J .. 10;'" tru<lo. cr. fAIo. 1. '1; f'/ooJ.uJio. 13, 13 .
... !'nw, 1.2.l.
,~
VIs, I, {2.
'"
' ;(0" ,Io"uld no' ,k'llljll L!' her<', I .boll o nly make a & ... hi"" aooOl'
(he ,10::"1><01" to ncq~io" of g,-,"ping moth throug h 'h"", ""'>0,,',
In rot>cci,;og of fi",1 eilher ;" Hi,,,,,lf or a, C1"<atOf. ,be,.., i5 ~
<orrd'lion of 'he ("",pur.. l human intd..... ' "ith ,t.. atempo ... 1 divi,,"
ocing . A> Origen p<>i" " 0 " ', h um"" <>p",..ion. '''''' be hut ""'N.
in tbi. 3~'Tc<:iJlg ,,,,h ,\ri"oclc . 11,;, L' the oo-c..u cd JtlatrJW. iJuJu;h1
d",,,,,,,,,, _
I" """,,,1>'
"".-J"'.,,,....
this, d ,e
tlu,u,tfo! ;m'ol,'o:> 110 complexity
a",1 i; OOt directed 10 I'rupooition' ,dlid, a", <omple,,- The Grttk
an,l. ", ,,ch mOr<. oriemaJ rdltttion, ac"",,,,kodged ' hi' way of 1>',.
'h01 ii. 'brough ~ .hr.r1) uom<du. l<."<l ~ "d "0"-1" 01'0e,;,';,,<:
, it io"al ,,ay. ']1,< Sloi ' I'"k" of di'e,-' cog" ;';" . ;ml' ""ion
I""ml!)ll"'.... ,!">,,uwfa . I'I"t;",,, allh,,"gh di,..ont;lIg fru", th o Stoic.
on "" ma"y (><>in" <on';,ier",1 'hi< kiud of 'hough' in "rn" of con
fad "' ,h Ih~ higl ... , ",~Ii,y.,. In b el, ,,he <Onteml'j~1ion of ,rum
,hruu~l, ,,,,,,-,ij;curs',," 'b o uJ;h' i",'Ok,-.. au "wreh,",io" "hieh ],""
a ~"" objcC! nfk'k""kdgc, ""mcl\". Lh. d;,; " . ,"~Iit )".
III O rigcn the ca", ;. r:n,hc, differe n' Oil ac",,, ut of 1,h< di.., imi
brity of bi, Own world.pi.,l1,re . "d mM of 'hought f",,,, tll_ of
,he SIcH<. ""d "eOj~aIOt' i>lS. 'n.., dilTerroce from ~'e S",ic, 1.><. '"
(he ~pl'lica,i<'" of thi, m(>de of co"'ac( ,,';(h a /1""""",,"1 n:.~(~.
RCg"dNIi"g ;':"'I'I.."",;" m. Orig< '" diffi" in holdi " g ,I,i, co,t,taa wilh
G,><l (0 I",,'~ " />"',,001 cI.a~,ct ...... Thi. I""""", be,,, "1'01 Origc"'s
Trini'"riau T he"loog.,-. ." wcll bi, dot,rine of the l.og<>< . which "re
ou' oof m.,- "'""1><,
T he f,!Cl i, th at he ' ;"" od the doetriu" of cr.'~tion at "n, am(",,, I~"
to b.-iug coh ~ .. "'lr couchoo in ,mrd._ Thi. i. wh.,- h. dclibe ...... ly
o",h",,'oo an outright e'plic"ltiou of ,,' ha, ;, not >u",q~ihle of b<ing
<Ol1< ,,~iued prol'Osiliom which.re " runs toget her in , h. t----c l.u", .
1"'1<'1(1. """'p" ~rt: CO"'"m l~'''"(i here in ;"oIal;O<t from ",,, 11 odoer.
bu' Lh,') .n: not ch"i ",'d or oon<a, . ... ted , 1 on . T hi, conc,"!'uon
im 'oh-e. no elHeftainme,,, of prupo> i'ion, ,,' hid, ,,'ould build "I' a
(0
,m"';
... er. f:.....,. 11'.1.1. On oIW poW ......... U . 10000uIarlj int"""u"!!.rtXlt 1'
."-C_ u ''l"t ' l>~,~ tfw;,ugh! ---an'~ J G=l pMk_>phy. fu.~
!ftJo, .1" - So-!>. 70 l%ll 70 . 261 "
'"
,hi,
d "", "'" certain ,1U1lg<. ,hi- ,,,,,",,uog of ~ h;"l, j. ;"'p".~I"" 10 " _'l'loin
by ,n;- ~""L'" languOR<, hut wh;';h .,.., " ... (Ie cl.., ,h_gh ".'pI<;
",d,,, ,b.o through an) f'O"-cr of ~ ...... I;. 'nu, rule m".,
cootroi uur imorpretat;"", "'-'" of 11 .. dj,-"", ,,.,hing.. ill 0I'deT "'..
",b., j, -..id ,n.r< ill "'''Y I>< .,.im.,<d in Oe<:onl.HlCC "'" ~' i d, .be
"',,.,,,"", of t1. , l""iI"" go> b" L "i 'h ,I" ,~,
po~-, " or, I", H 01) Spin'
"h .. in,,,;"Xl ,he <om"''''' ,n,''
>I~)""bcJ";' . ,
"i""
G."r.
tQ
COllwmpl,"e ,he
"",I
Bu, ~'e ~mrm "'~, lournal' ".'ure i, ,.... "df",~kic"t in . 0)' " 'a ) to
qu"" fur God owl '0 Wl<1 hi", ,11 Hu"""If. oo:des. i, io Ik~ .. ,1 by d,"
G",I ",It" " oI>i<'<'
,he ..
H" " r""od \>-,- """" ~hQ, ille,.
d<"i''S wh .. ,b<y ca". ",10,,;, ,ba' ,he)' """I hun ...,d ,f..ov,~ bun><lf ,o
,h"", 10 ~I\O.O!II he joogc> i, W.1<iog (0 .1'1"'.'. '" fM '" it i, t>=iLk
fur G<>d ,,, t... u,.,..." 10 man oDd for 110e h,.""" >OUI ""bkh ~ "ill
u, "'" I",,\)' 10 1:<"", (".od,'"
er
,,.<1,.
T h", "pp("("l1<n,;"" '1hmLJgll 1>: .--. mind a",1 rca",,, '. or 'mr' cog_
,,;ti,.., imp ... ,';"n I ...,.'''-~~. m'o\ """,,,-,, i a. O,ig"n call, ;t in SI"ic
termin"logy.;' 3cto~'U)', killd "fi">true';",, origin."e,1 ;u the di,i""
gracio", Co""'n'. In the final ',,",I)' .... 'hi> .. an ill"",j,""ioo deocel"t
;"S frum
.,,<1
=,
eo.I!I,
f-,,,,,,, ",
, ~.
",Iform '"1(>
""'t-aJ.y
""
(~'"ce
U n" "'''<J I,I "')', bo",t;\,M': '1\,,, 'hi> i. not plau,i l,lc!' III "'ying 'hi>,
h. will ha,.". qui,,, ub();)n,;ci<""I), 0.1",,,,1), ""' Uld,,,,,,1 ,he ''''Y ddi,rilioo
of 'dirtc. <"gniti,-" impr=;()n' '"'to:J..~K"ori) \KCyro"U> 1 ""ro ... ~ng (0
Sloic Ih""gllI . ,"' . """er off~c( . che S,,,;c conception i, Ill'" 1h"
.di ",,( """,i' n'" ''''I'''''';''''' (X" '''A'IO'' tni 'fI<1 ",,,,,i,,) ;, 'd,ff"", ,,( fmm
"I"" i. pb",iblc' (J;,ai"p.r,. &[ ,~. ",,"'A'I"" '~y \KC."'"'''' 'O~
'~ '.' " Wh~t >rtIm '0 he pla", ible" .uhj""") diak",io; hc!~I",.
after ~ ee""in ~';:\l m"n'~ti"". ,his '1'1."";0'" coold be rl;'I~"c-d . 0 0
,he romt ..,.y. ditrc' Cogto;I ;,.. ;"'1'''''''''0'' "U'''A'l" ''ori) "'''(10(,,) is
nO! .u><cp(iblc 10 d',p",,,f \<o'h.,c\"Cr'" 'ill i, mea", (ha, whe",,,,,
j,b",jhl,,' caD be I"",'r" '0 be ulilrlv. .,.ha< ;" ~1'1'T<hr"d1 'h",ugb
"" roA'l""""- _,",(10,,, (ould !l e,'er he 1''"'''= '0 be ,"u,ruc.'" ']1\;"
;, "'h) du, w'", ",g,,,,,,,i '" a 'cr11<:rioo, of lrulh' \<(>In\p''''' "A~(",!. ,.
~or. h)' ,k-f,,,"o". .",w.'l"t~~ opuY'(IO'" is ,,"'h ., ",i,.,. from wl""
mu!J t"i,". (h., i;., f",m " hat i, mIC, a"d " "QuId nl"'W ~,;"" f",m
,,h .. cl"" no' <xi .. . ' (_1'"1(10'" ~",w.'l." '''' ,;,,;y ~ Woo ,0\; ".ap~
ov",", ' ''' "", ' ...:.," '" itt<,,!ll'1>" "'oo""<~""Il'tv'l "'" ivaU<l'l'puJV1~"'l
""oi" ,,;,~ ,h rt ...",,, ...6 ~~ """AAOV.",l. 'oo So ~'" Ir"d, ",~, .... h""<I"d
(hroug h ""'aA~~"ori) .... "'''"',, " t~')',," d .'I< I\.u,.J ,,,,n'q",on' ' ''''\
X"'P i" rii -am ,a.:; ai(l&.\""" i... py<ia:; .'''' a. wdl a, I"')'o"d .,.1""
,",cm, 10 b< 1~''''';l.tIC (1I,,,'I'<p," , <>i; ci>~I'"
.., .... _
1 _ f _ _ lo. I, 1.1.
..l.
,,".1>
yO~
.,.1 "",.',
~-(; ;
ag.Un. ;.
j ~I!<
.,0<1. ag>i".
i.,
1 ~-I6.
'"'
\\,i,h ''''!'''et 1<) the problem <.>f lime, le, m~ gi"~ ,hi. e"mnpk
th e fin, of th" Iob""c<l ZC1lO'. pa,.,.do~c' of rnoUo " d;'I'",ed ,h<'-er), !>ossibi!jry of" ,nan 10 "'''''~ al "U. A" <>In'iou. "",I )lh ,,<ibie'
.''''1da~ ''''perie""" "as ,..t)u"c'<l
~'" of di"kC1"'-', ~nd dct,;,,,
o n ,,>eh ST"",,,(h
"n un til "ur cl.)". although it ,h"ukl n01, ill
th e h/;Io, of Ihe <100'.-.:1"",,,=, of l"fuU1o,;",.1 C.'knlt",
"11", I'<~l jml"'rt of direct cogll;';'-" ,,,opec,';OI\ (""<UAt)"no;,\ ..,,,"
&"".
t .....
t,,,,, ""'"
n""",,'
.. c.frJ<la.
XIII .
'" 11oi.
'"
'0
Ill.",,,,, ''''''''
."ch
"'f
~.
l~
' !
Mf.
'"
r~a>oll.hk
t" a~,"me 11"" t here i. " .",,"'''' ,,-11;';h mAr" th. sw,,,
,m fro", being wbite to hctorll iJ'g hlLle. Jlu , . lIcb "" ",",mph"u j .
~OI I""u,;hle il, .i",de"n"". U~less du, l><>i'" i, full)' "";,,"b,,,d.
" n" i. bool"d to ,hjllk uf l;mck"""""" on ,h .sarn,' premise> ,h~' 0 ....
rdll.'C\> ahout a 'cmpo",1 "",e. h, ,ha, ""'" m;,g.,idl conch,,,;oll,
arc inn; bk nlld <"dI.,." d"b.t<: ,,;ll be ;""i1l, ,uc h '" tll"'" 31>0'"
th e ''''ITa,;o11 of Gell;'. d ",ilcllgilll!" all rd"crMloc to 'da)~' ill .hr
aho",,:. of ,he ""orld or in all incomplete creation ,
Consi<!o-ri,,<: Origr"', ';c"-' or 1;..,.. a",1 ,,,,,,lion "" d. ",.""', 10
Gad . he",forc. onc I"" "Iway. '0 .,io;k IQ ,h" nm,b m~",,,l pn;mi..
put K)rwar<1 by him ",If: 'he ,li,;nc rcoJi,y ;" a "ale of titwlm"'~
nOl e,'",la,,;ng d",a.ion,'''' nol om";""'I""" I;.),. Thj, ;, the ti,m!;,
,,,,,mal "";0'" of hi> d"""inc. ,,!lido ;hould no. he ""<.1p,,d b)' ,he
" ''''''D;\Y or '/l<' "",TId' moo)(l:rs.
O n accv,,'" of the ,flu" ("'1 ,h., at<mp"ralily ;" .""""".lir., ,"'"
call1lot ,h illk of ciwcr .0""',,", or all)' lunIi"l. ""i"1s ill'" ,imcb.""".
" , if ,hi ta'e "1"" "'1~<1 '0 'or, bou"d wi,h " ",p()fa l 11" . There
a .......;,her I11ffIing {i.", nor
"0 ' _,...,.,., IIor IlmfJO,aJ jI~,
;11 ti",d..""...,... S"h"(I"e,,~). ',,'y q \I<"SOOIl I',>nail,j"g 10 limel," ,,~ ..
and i,,,..,IIi ng "o,~"" "f ,hi, kind i, gro"" d/,,,,, alld mi,!cadi"g. 0 11.."
timde"",,, i. rc~",d"l a. " kill" of JurdrWN. 'h< di,,,,,";on i. I>ound
to t;.., " ,;,/cad i"g "",I pnjudicW to O rigtn'. au, hen1ic doc,rule. For
lh . fu" damenlaJ I",'m;,, (,h:" of .u"eI"""." ;" ililp"""" l of Ihrough
th e '''I)' f'~'1 'h.t tcm l"Jral notion, ,,,,,h "-, ""~cc....,,, and Ih< ""n,
are ~'hi [ "'~ril) intr"d"",<l im" Ih" '''gum, ,,''
To eOllch ,lI" reali,)' in ,,'o,d, (,,-hicl:t m"" ;' Ll le a ' ml>or~1 fllne_
t; Oll 3"" arc .hem""I"" a ,,,",,if""t3tiou of .ho ""'I"''''' re,,[it), i,
Unl'o.. ; ~I,. T o ,i> LI"Ij-,C, 0. '0 fcd il rID " w,,~ ,dUeh ;S ;"",1,,,bl),
"'g'''' i, nOl iml>o"';hlc , I" ~n~ ""'.. , il could b<' ~ :'tal mi,"'k<
.......,,1$.
<",n;..,",.
""r.,.",
,\ti,t_: Cf.
_u~
L. Tat>.
Ii".-_n
LT.,..,., r..
"
.lio<",'., MnIUty!".
4,,,,, ""'''''--'.
',
u"'i"
ffi".,. ...
"'''''1) ,,.,.,..
163
(which c""ld Ihoroughly m i~e"d 'h~ ",,,ire pr"bkma,iqu,' ,,, eOl"b
li.b 'eT"fJOl1l1 uo,ion' aud b)" mcan' ,,f , hem produ"" que<,ion> or
....,,;0'" h"ennlnglu'g '"'''I'''''~;') wi, b limel~""T e".
~I) "",,,,I,,siOtI i. lh~' oI ... re i, no such notiOl' "" ' '<Tni.) of the
"wl,1' ill Urig""', 'I",ughl , Wh", he "", ,,,,Uy hold. ;, 'I"i'e lho "1'1'0
site. Crea,io" G'lmc i, ,,o bting out of loo".heiHg b)" "u .<:1 of Goo',
will. a dceisioll of free ,-,,~tion out of k",c.'" In hi. o..-u wonl, foU
"ing P" ,d', Eph. S.IH. "wc "re fixed and roo'e,1 io ' he io<'e of
G"d '.'" 11>i, Pc"~it" ')01 0<11) 10 ,h,' r"~ ,jo,, of 'be m:,,,rial ",,rId.
b,,, at,., '" Ih~ 1"""i,Io;I\I;.1 cr"~'iou of d,~ e""'l'~~("" and ).,\yol .
"-eu t(, God', 'nil and nO lle,hd= to hi. Ikr"","
crea'e. h eau
ddib;.e]y he """,,,,",1.ha, Origcn do<_ 1001,1 a perttp.ion of God
iu Him,ell; "hieh pa, excellence 'JU,le'~ "e. n I"'fftl', ion of God
" ';,hou , Ilc..-"",aruy ,Ioolo.g of lom as Cl'ealOr.
To >P<"~ of I'l.ton i,m ill Ori[l<'" h"" b<.-n kind "f <ngr.i,,,,,!
I",hi' , 'n" i, (hc ,"on",,1 "diet which ha> I>cc" " ,;n,mlly " ui
,..,,,,,1 ,;tw. ]) illhemL~tio", 'eblt obl)" to 'he ,I,grtt of ' he claimed
1'I~ lo" i,m "",I i\"""I,I,,,Otu,m , h is "",,~o ' l}' lrIJe I b ~ 1 Ihe cuh"ra]
e,,,; ,,,,,,,,",,, of 1\ lexal1,lri.> ,,'a$ imp'-");"a,,,,J ,,;, 1, lb e Platonic i,I,
aii"" . "'hieh in f"" held c,w,,,dcral>le , ...Y in (h~ -gion ,
tl,i,
di~ ",,' !'C"dor O rig<-n', o..-n ""ell<e,,,,1 "'ol",;oll ;"e>.'i'ah[r I'b(onic
all .Iong. Ht ",-a' u01 [>owl1 ht3d ""tT hed, hr tht 11alO"ie "", .
look ,,, ,10,'
.h.. " (""" only I ",~",.,.d , \\' ;I h ""!r~nI
'0)' su I>';'c ... " .uor GI 1t1U~ m"eh ha, t<J I", rc,<:on~ ,h"d " nd re,;",,!. " Old
(he ,,'] I-<n(rc...-h<d p,u~ti\'c ,,,nlic. sI' o" ld t", di,,"'()n~rm,"! , T he
"rid dai m tha, Origen ', doc(ri", ,,f eT<3tim, i, but a crude ""I,,, of
i\"cop l",oui. "" or
rcliu",1 oue couched iu Chri"i"" 'enni
"ology. " , he"dy ""gJ"()",.. I,d ,
'11", wndcm ll .tion of 5;;3 ,\_ I), i"'I>oscd "n hi", ",,-, chidl)" h.,.'d
on I", i",b, and di<1ofling ill (elj)(J~" i"H' f01md "' i'hi" all UH''''''
"-onh)' rcndcriug ..... /'rtw ,,,,d fib< and h">lik te"imo" i.. ofJ uOliu ian:
'0
f1",
'0
""'e'"
"'''n
,.. \.!."ile ",,,,,,,,,, .... >1). J.'(ini;on, in hKl<. 'PO"",' of Q, .d', ' ~;n ' .. [loo ... ",,,,)
to ,,<>I<. h;,
""'- <,-<t. ,I... h< h.... "'" <h< ,Jogl"'" ioka of <h<
inIp6<'tion. th" "" "",""" of Cod',...a "'" iD <),;1\""". thtolog), CC, ~I"""
IX.
TI", l"rtWe"' loauag<" ~ ~ , .'''''1,",",,,d l- "'-.chou in till -...... of
" -... Fr"gm,," ~" 'in I..... ' 1.9.1 ). Tt.,. faIIo<y ofth" .... J """'"h.. ... , io "",g, ,",,,
at <h< f"'OJ' ~' ... '" Origoo ', """"'l"'"" of "" ""''''''' b<'-<n U""" "" ""'"'" of 10/;,.",;, ~
'" C
. '"ry ..... }/<>JJ. .. . _ , 7,11 ,2_
U!><.,,'"
",no...
,8'1 .
1.''',
'"
tesl im<)n ie" ,..hich ,li,j "0' l"ck political ai m., in fac\ ,h., .,cmmed
.i..-..,.
j,,"
<""
". Cl 1'tiM.
'~
0.-. <hi>
1.6_1,
1MnJ...-,
,ncl.",.,
~5 ,
Hofim,,',
Cll,wn(~
lWY.
The ,hSl ioctio" ,I ","'n I""",,,,,,, \\';;'100'1 "",I I~>g"" is o"Jy aD inldh-, ,,,,I ",w. The cvnp' of <,,,,"," is ,h. ".,,,,,....1 I'hdo,oI'J,;".1 ,....0.:.".
b)" mean, of" hicb 11';' di" inction i. m;uk alld " nd~""00.xl , For thc
l.ogoo i. pereei""j a. the 1\";;'10", hc""~-;" Iocr relation 10 "" wodd.
Tt ... ", is "0 quesrio" of ,,"y aeh,.,J 0. )0",,,,, ... Sp<:a.k'''g of .il b" ,
\\,i>o<lon' 0< l.ogo>. Ih< ...."tial .... r<'"''''~ p"rta; n, 10 tI ~'''''' p<r""n. ""mcJ)'> ,toe So" of God. '1'1.... diffi',cII"" i. 11"" \\'i;dom i"diea'e, 11>< li';lI S ;nco"",,,'. l 1"'.....,,,.1 " ,I>.iw",<, in hen.clf, "' ;, ho",
aB)' .llu';"" '" ' he ,,'odd Or 10 a"ythiBg cl .., ,,-hile lI,e l.ogo. i. 'he
\\'i>o<lo", cone.;,'",1 '" ber 'conu"" ";"""",, with <;d",,,,,1 e"",l ,, "'
(~... ,6 ~tv ,~~ """"""~ ,~~ .. p; , ;u., &.:nv &..."i,,~ ~,,; v.".~"'"".. rii:;
"",;,,; """,,~i,'l>, ~",'"
).by<!~
l.n~I\a ,,,~i""~ I. ' Th" mean> tha, W;k>m is ]><""o"d a, I..:.>go> hy
rn,ional CJ'C~ IU r< "" ho cOlun"mic~',", witL hor,
T he no"on or ' he <oncep';o", i~;,'o"" of me Son allow. him to
p"n~.)' 'he 'c[:"io",hip of ,h~ l;md." COO "i,to d .. ,cmpor.J ""rid.
Thi, "o,rc~"io " .. p"",'~le Ihrouglo ' he I",",,:o,b, co n<"",i"" "f the
1'>gI'" ~" rl i" iml'lic.,iv",_ Thmugh hi, "'-1;,;1)". ' he l"'!IoO b.:con"...
ioj "d Of'l"" L ""lK"ILing of a com,cel iou , 'loro\Jglo "" hid,
",b_
"an i><,weelt H.re ""d ' he 1k"}'on,1 i. "'tabl", J,,"<l,
",i.
\',,,koon "'''' ",",k ,be l",gUu"uS of God ', \'"~, ,,,,,,,,,\,, bi. ,,-orb. h
IS a1c.-'g 11",,,, 'wo),,'
Son of God;, n>o<-;,'I! ,kor-'hng, 1'0"<),-;'fi,'I! f.,.-, ,,,mill> be,,,,G.<Uo,,, [.'''''';''8_ i" ,I"~, ",",10 ,,;,.J.xn. 1"1",
lop ~ , ,hcrcl"t<. ""id tu be "I'X~. bciog dift<rcm fon" hc, 1><, tile
";0''''1UO! itl""I",,,,,,,.,. I~" ,~,I) io Itn"'''1OOI""'I"i"" ",,,I ",];',iotl:
>0 tIlal h,' I"'. 11", i.ogoo, ,,-ho i,1 ,l;okd in rhe ",ril"'''''' ;, <be .. no,'
bei"g u",~, ; ;n
10" i, \"iod<o" i"_,,mud, os he i, 3iti~ " r.d
,,;,h ('""t. 1"'1"' ......1 he i, the m:>';'''' t~ i" '" ,,,,..10 .. I", h. ,
iuclinro, so '0 "1"'>1;, t.,..-Md. c","ure" ~m" (.,M.) ,;"" I"" ","",,'
,h." ',""
."lM>,,,,,,
, .-J<h..
1, XIX_
""",;"
,,",.,.. 'o.
ap/>.; '"
""J>U"I
ii .""
6,,~ ~".;j:;
0..
Sq.,,,,,,,.,,;.,,,,, "
",,'
oi.o;~.
>"""'''''".
,l_
']'b" ,;,.,., ",ilc,"".,",1 h"", i, 11",1 of 'I.... ,.1,,;0>' of ,h,' l..ogoo 10 (;"d
him ,df ~n~ to ,Ik' "..,rld; but th"", " ~mlCt hi "g mo" , i",II""",,1
through thi. I'''''"'g<"' not ouh- did the IA>go, creat< d," \1"(..-1(1; I""
aoo be i, eon""n~)" reL".,(1 ", i1. "" be ""lO l""l'C'uall)' ',Itlomtiug,
pruli(~ng for. m.king b.: .. t.c.ion. f:"'"uriog',' 0" ,he olher h:,nd.
lb e ""odd i, "'g."j,,1 ... sotu",lung '< ",,,,,,,,1" (0 G,~j' H "no:< ,,',.
,1o<Ju1d ""ndud<, that O,ill"" ",,,,",c;,',,,, th e 1.)1(0' a, b.:ing l)<J1h 'ill '
,,;"<1001. that i. into ti",de,,",, ... a,,~ ,,;thin th e "-(,,Id. th,,' i" '0"'
oid.,' of 'he T riuity.
It is lh n."'gh 'his conc.pliOl\ ,,\~, the 1"ogo> "'ay 1><' ''1('O ... ~,1
a ""--d~,t ..,, i><1"'<;en the ,imetes. 0 ....1 ~n~ Ih< ,ompQr.d I>'Q,ld .
COO i, th e original '1'1.",,_ ", i, w"n" oiov.; ' ''''-.,.. "ft he I ~. )
nu , thi' i. tl O' ,h~ <ml)' ~)l!c.' of hi" h. i. al", fully pr<""" in lh.
world. yet nOt I>cing hjn"",lf f>i>,j of ,be world: be is ''',euhed 0'"
aloug>id,' "'i,h' ,he "'''rI,II'''''' '''P''''"w<'>l<'~I. T b,. <>oUo" i, fo"",1
in J crurnc', r"li" tC'dn>li,ion of Ori~,'n. lI"",i/U.. "" Ink: lh< '''''''''
of th. 1'""lm 'T h, """,d of
t,-"chinS ba> SO"" ""t i",,, .'''''Y
km d; a"d hi, .-<"')" 'Q the end, Qf ,h.: ea rth" i , <"m mC'H.d th'I> :
'O ur Lo"r .!u, h"" bc,,, '"read out 10 ' he "hole \l"orl,l. hero" ...
h,. i, (;"'[". pow".' ... , Behold 'he Sa,,,,,,,'. greaw",". It ex",,,,I,
to .11 tbe "orld," He !i<'<' 01> 'h""
It"
fi}ob, I
, 1nl,
, I ..... 11'.1, 1.: ._ 01,0.......,;..0.. \l\I. ""Ill .
) """ ... -,.... :1(1. XVIII lJ<:v,",,,>I.,,...><I :':ropJ .,,,i,," ;'''" ,10< "",,", of
Origero, R. l<onio "" ... """ ."" l"'l?' ..V." ... ., "'" 1\0;, ~'P . _"' r"""
"" 0... in th<: "',.un .,f ,xi,,,.,,,' .00 '" :.. .,r., "I""""-" or ",n:u! ~ I md'
.,. ,;,. p_ ,~. , . on,..., ""'<" -.i ,h<>< J""u"",, ""q.-.rir:., iI<y<ond t.h>t. r.,,,,,
""" . "'" =<'Iioo Iba, u... 1.oS'" ~
00..,,' in ,,"""" 10 God ;, .,;"
"xi"""
"""""""''''''''' 0)' "' .... ~-ho in >lJ ~"J' ~><h .., .,triOO", 1'1irO"" f""",""'"
of ,h<: ~orld '" 00Y"- n.,,b:,,,,,,,,, in dU, "''''''' ....... , _
~"-"'I! ,hty are
;0 pnlino tb_ 1__ " bti,,~
God '" '~ ... .-li,\O; , ,,""'~) .
,. '!fr_ br!~",," God.oo """ .....Id. Tbt I~"""~'
,,;.t (""I in """
,lidn" ....... ~
, I........ I ~, '. ~ citJ i" R._ IQ
~,n oddo do: " I..... ,... 'of 1..
t".:I""'~ .w ,,,.....
'!heir',
n. I Coo- 1, H 11_;"', .. I..t.. 1.5. 13" ,)... I~ ',,nd;,,!!' '" all u.. ~,-"J.l, ,_ ch. 6.
p,2 11.
,a;
'"
Go lip 10 ,/" h"a'eu,,' s.,., 1>0" h" till> <I", ,d"" i.J rqQuI .. : ' 11,"~".,,,',I ,,, ,/" ."gel. ... Go ,Iov.'", "' )"0'" ",i,1d ,,, lh.. ",11"" ",,,,Id.
St<- that be ",ut 00-,,, th...... lO<>. 'It. "'"n' down. 'h<- on. ","";>I",
"'-,," "p. '0 fulfil .,,,,}.biDg'." ',., lru,( .. Jeou' ,,;'''''' O'o-"'T ll1 ough t
",",od. too..: of be.""n1y bciog>, .n,1 c th/I' bei,,&,. and bciog> ;" ,I"
.)nh .. ",,,rl<!'," I'o,ul... ,be 1.",,1', _or, how it b .. fdkfl "'" "odd.
~ , ~ , ; ~ ,he
doe <a,d . 30wl ,he ,."t.."
H.- 1'....,.1
'h"",~h ,,,.,.,',,. ;t,..lf ."d """ to ,I ... "',,;.,", 0/..)'.-... 11'< 10.,,, mod
0"" tI1c Son o[(";od 1 " - through 00<
"',.,,,,,s..
"g>ort,_
be.,..,,,,'."
It ,houkl be ""'iced tI .. " Ih. "".. uic preseuce of (he l.og<" i, ,W<ltT
,,00<1 '0 he 'by h e; 1)(I,,'ec'. "'hich ;, a .ig,U/;';;;"" d,ffe"'" ce from
SIQ;,';,"', for ,,-horn 'h~ l<>go'" ;. " c~",n ic principle and h''''dl)' i.
(he..- a di"i"cUoll hCIWC<"ll .hi, lag"" """ and iL' oclloo . Tb, I,W"
of O~<" j, tran",cnd.". to ,h. """rid . .,ill "by tb e I"'Wo. with
which he is ,aid '0 fill 11" ,,"o,H" he ~o",<, '0 each 1I,a" and speak!
u, IUs he,n ,,,,d (""d,," loj", di.o<"(io" or good an,l ",';1""." \\"h;"h
m,~ " , ,I ... Ih,,,, i, ~l", "nother 'pI"", .. ,,"hn, the l.<.ogm " I',,,.,rn:
,11" 'pille~' i, ~""h io,ti,;'I"al mtional bM"g. I" tiC' . Christ
ci""",<><;,"
""'''g,
Th" pr".. ' n,~ of 'II~ Log<>'> i, aHLm><d iD th< 'c" ,ire "'"rkt', tha, i.
U\ oJl 'he r.'I,u", of life. h .. e",,-c,ly" tl", 1'''''<'' or th e I.og<" ,Im'
erra'UJ":'
he mho",,1 Ilo-rt.<i . Tbi, Logo> .. ,"c' nally all
Iu<a,or, on <cou'" of hi> prc"-"'1<e ",;,Ihn ..u;"nal <rc,,' u""',
,,,,,kcs
'0
I Co<. 5, ,.
, Eplo. '. 10.
, I'M~. 10.
" IM,. t. H, \\"< _
"-1"""''' """""
m..
<>,..
R_.
1"""'''"
er
"""her ,,)
H. i. , .. i, """', "
'h"", ,..;e;, i"g ;""rue,..,." .""ul!
u'''I'''",Uy ;U 'he "."". of r.. ,"" '.) c....... ' ...., i,,,,nx' iJ,S
",ha,
>l,,",~1 loo:: do,,,., """ wh." wc <i<c6n. to obe) hi, ;"",,,,,(jono;" ,._
Iknee he i'"" Cl";"[ "'Pi '10 i, tbe l.usoo" ~hio:h I how", pNtlOuotc1
,,, )"" Iwn " loo "W j "dge ),,,u." aJ~1 d-u. ,' <Ol",,'ai<m ,,, 'I ,,,)!df
,he 1 _ w'l>o" "I",,,p II>e,k,ng " i,hin ,'(l" .... I ,-.~ "iU condontn Y<>O'
.,od ,her< ~ ~I be "0 coono IQ,. )'-'" IQ i"'tif)" :""",,1,,,:>."
''''''''If>
It " ,be [.ogo. ",ill"" "",0 ,,'100 "," >Ounce, ,10, F.,ber to ,be"'.'"
T he J.<>gos 'm~dt: u. out of "",hing'; ~"d , 'once ,,-e ",-re mado:. h<
" phol,!, '" in'o heing_ and """T da)' p".) I'ide. li>r '" oO\-ertl)' 3nd
"''''ti)', bo,h ., whole ""d "3ch one ill dit.'i,h", U)". e,-"n lhough ,,'e
m~)' be Dot ",,"or. of th i.,"
" ben O';gt:" "''''D",i", thm 'the 1(00<1 Fa,her ,L,I no, altoge,her
a~a"do<, 'h""" "ho fdl ,,,,, of him'," )", ""t ".Il~' s~'" th~, (;od
th . I.os<>< (alt hough ",rld to ,he \\'o,ld, by ,';nu, of hi, di,; " i'}"I
i. aho p"""ut :",cl ~c'i"g \\;thiu d,e "'-0'1<1. Th,wl< 1(, ,hi. li,nc,iu"
of tho l"Sus ,be ".-oTl,1 ;,. bei ng hold i" "';>1< ncc ,
" beo J'a,d "')" . I)Ou, the J..os< 'For of bi"" a",1 'hrougb him.
and '0 him. ",., aU ~'ing"." th. exp,.,<>ioo 'of him' It<, " ,,,,,,,I ''' 'p'''''''' .. (Ite I.'ginning of ""''',",ce of ,,""'y( hing' 1. "P'O'u. I~" apx~"
riI, IO'" .av,,,,,, ~."",<i",,,,,\; tho oxprn>~'" " hrou~~, hi", ' ionpiic.
th e ,,'orld', I"'ing kep' ibtu exi<'eoce ",,; tiW o~",~~v to '<it '110'
"",,,,,'1: a nd the .xp",.. io" ~o him ' .u~" 'he CHd m; ro tiM>:;
." 'ii> ',i<; "i>,""').'"
'n ,c l.ugos , ,hc",.[,,"', i. P'''''''''' b",h in timck .. ncs.; 3nd in li mc_
It i. th rough him , I"" a perpe,ual con1l""" i"",i"D I""",,,,,, the ,,-orld
fWd God i; b<ing kq " up. l1t..o 'he /i""lam<TIl.1 tenC1 'hat G",I i.
".,j;caUy "''',...... u,ie,'' to ' h" ,,'orld i, 0\";",,.;,,.,1; .till i( i, lhrough
,b e [,rogos 1I"'1 " ".",kj"g ,<"1"1;',,, 1~'1"'''''1' 11., world ",>t! God i.
"":.l>li<l'<.od , Thi, i. a point of . "1, .. ,,,,,,1
from ","""ito ",-hool,
d""",,,
" - "17"',
2, XI'
" In " "" . ohe..".,. 1",!!,~ mean>.Jo" ,~,<.rn' ., .. ,,,",~,h ., .. '"",""' .....ool
'p"'><h,,>g' ....
~
" -"17"',
~
'",,,,I-W,,,,
\~ ,
(,S,
""
mo.
"'r....
'0
",fU"
1.><'0'"
(A<,
'U, l '
c......
l iO
th e ":a,,millg;' de'''lope<lbr m noid"'ring the I"""'S"> Gc n. I, I:
'Ill 'he lIegiJlIl;n!l" God created tho hea,""" "nd tll< eanh'; "'"l Jo hn
I. 2: ' He " .... it, 'he begioll;,'g "ilJ, (;"d. n. ['-'fere"c, i, m,,, ,be
. " 1'",'';0" "1[,. ".'" in the I"'gi"ning' d.ad) ' '']!ge,1.> a " 'nio01)" to
wh'" lLW I"mIkJ in th e beginning'. ' i11ero;f"re, 'the I.ogo. i. (A""r'
th a" all crea,i"n (..0 51: 'h tiPl~ ~v' tI"~ .proll"<tp.iv 00" toU h '
tiPl~ .'"o,~~ .... ou. oil ~bv"" ""~"'''i .ut ~~pO. . a.ua "'-"00
rit<; .pttlll"tfi>O; itn," b l.6--r<><;.\ ."
T h;. i. the ..,,,'" in "hieh the ""'0' " a",oc ...~IOr' n"v",~pti,,,,!,)
i, applied to Ch';'L" He i, 'p,, ,,,,,,,,"tor' l.><t,au,"" ''''"Cr,~hi''g ha,
he<1I W>'C1' to him ' hy tll< F.,hcr."
T. Torrnnce look tor gra m",1 'h'" Origeb held .he ... mal eo<x
i!len<e "f Ihe llll"'tr>e' "'i, h God ." He cl",m, IlL" 'aCCQl"(lill g '0
0';"':"" (;od h~, "11,10"' 1 ~)e w'atioll ,,'i,h His ,,,,'Il r~oo" ~h '). 11."
me."', .. Ori!!",,1I 1~)i,"e'l "OIl. ,h., Cud h., limit<d Ilim>clf it) ,Il<
limitatiou of <"'.tio n . . "." T oTT'.u,cc, ' JilOgi' Ul i, th., . i" cc lb<
world and (;",1 arc '""",ern ..i', ,he", <:3" I", "",rubg [,-, C",I which
is 1><1'1)l)el or ~.I)""e,,d"I)' ", ,h,' ,,-orIel: ,he .... ea)) I", nmho)g "hieh
,'-'''''0,, 0IIjJ to G",I ... ,,1 ,,01 ,,, ,h,. ,<odd. H""'"wr, 0",;",,'. ';e'<
abo,,, tho'" concep,io)) , 1>';l1~i))illg 'onl; '0 Chri" ~ ))d to '1(' 0'1<
<10' <>Uf';' ~a; oi&VI" gm ,u <tuit< the 01'1~",il<: n01 onl.,. for God
th e F. , her. bu, al'" for lh< Son although he i! obe in me wodd.
,,' Log<>" the .... "",, (oo\c'pli"," " 'lrich "" ItJ)/ J~'I"\:I;,\ '0 1I,,' ,,'odd:
ill other ><ord., God lI im""lf .h"uld Ix thO"g i> 1 of '''g-"db, "f
""alloll.
The J A~O>. 11",,fo, i, both in C,.-t a nd in the """Id It ;" not
in hi' ""'" re '0 he mid", .,.. Hi> onlOlog.,. i, "ot ,Ii.vuted: hi. ,I;',-i"ity
is 1I,e ",,,,e a, 11"" of (he h~,er. To bt: ' " 1I,. world lho,h ,0< a
"hole and in each .... ional crr~t"'" l'<;rI~ i n, (0 ) i, actj"n atld 'hi,
I~''''d,'' , ~" hi, ontology. J'r(~lablr ,h("" w )O() co"fi,,,, th ....1iM of
".i
~ ~.
2. 11',
c.;
iu.lX>
,hooId be
ca';,,,,,
~ """'" of ,~ro..
M mA. 23, PG 17.1 '6 ; MP>. 21, PG
"ftII"'- 2'J,
~
'I"'-"'"t! ~"n .
T, Tott" .....
-,M",.,...
IIM.
s,.,..
rmo
to oh<
!he """,.,.Jou, ~, .
<" I-"'"" ';g>ur.;. ... , ",od ;,,~.
12-l~'ffi;ftJ""',
Xl.H c.t..
I'l l, 10.
11, 27.
1 ....... "_
'"
<"""
"'''''n
....,,j."
III Orig"" there i. no '1 " "";(1) ~l~)", doe oat",c of tLe Log""
hjn~.., lf. Hi! n~lUre "' the divine one,
IU
Chn" ",me 10 thj, "'.. 'oo! from <I ... roonJ>Ubioo, of Illi Q"to".... bon
n",,~d hy <OtlqwAA>., >l", .. , F<>r h. w.. ',,, lfu h," of ('""I': a,wl
"'h<'" h~ ... e. t/u, <Io::",J, i , '><tt;';"8 do", i,Uo<' th'<>u~h ,10, J"""oIe hr
'he """'gT<"",;on of 11 .. OIlC '''.'' , ~< i, " ,,' o " In';',,,. 10 bi; ""-"
"ntiun . ~
alw~)~
Tlw concept ion of di,',," lra.,,,,,,,,ode,,c" r.maulS IW)\)) ;" ,ac, and ,,.,..
r,,1 in ad" ml>m, j"g [""11''' in ,hi, ''''). 'n ," ""n", ""n I',i.,n allo'"
fo r " dear <ij" i"<1j"" froll1 ,; """ nf Ikradi" .. , " hicb lUi~I" be
"pl', ,,,,,,ly ,j",ibr , ,\ , a ",,," cr ,,f [,' 0' , 1'[CFdeli" " ,..g;m!. n"~)Ilal
beiDg> ' " I", "'ch by IllC;D" o/" ,h";I' p.'nicip.~ti"" '" 'h t L"SO"
E'''plricu,. aM'oug h expftl,u' g him"'1f ,hro"gh Swic ie,m ,oologr
(wh ich is ""n';dordbl)' 1'1<' ' 0 d l'.......... rd';O ...,cah"la", i, hdd '"
f<nd~, I""<""r f.i,h fuUy I'[e",di,u, ,ic,.... I'[e d<=ril>e> a 'commo"
..",I di, u,e I.ogt>!- lr,' ,neau< of p.~"i cip"'i"n to whic h W~ [,.,c"me
",,;':,D.\!'," a,ld ing ,ha, w hat npllCa" to be COD""On in "U i"rntionaJ
bejng>] is '"hahk, ju", I~..,a""., 'his i, p<f(~i""d by 'he Log"., ,,'I,io:b
is COmnlO" 10 ,,11 and di,;"c; bu' wha' h~PI ... n' ' 0 0'''" ,i"g1,'
,",I heing ,h()Uld no' l>< si,'e" m"ji,. ThHerOre, ,h~", ;. a comm()n
world of l1"\nh. h,,' ' his <oldd be app,oached only <f ,,'e lea,-c o nr
u,di,id ..,1 "",I dOCOf1b", ",,"" brhir"~ "",I (l~,,," ronclu';o", Ihruugb
(hem "" I)' l>y ,nca,,. of medi,a,ion, 0', I"'''er .. il~ ,h rollgh un "i,;o".
Sa",.
""'0-
I '11,,, 2,
1"""""",",,41, .l"
"'.-6",
,1/_ "",.
19~ '
f,-"~'"
11 i. ,h"n qnil< ob,;"u. ,I"" '0 H"racl i'", ,h~ 1"'8'>' i. simpl.,. a
<"" ,, tic "rin"iple and, ",ha, i, m"r<, ,her< " IJO ,lc<ce1l(ii"g of du .
[AgO< 10 ratio",,1 heiJ'g', but ..,uh", an 'a""eudu\g' or Ih"m 10 ohi.
l..<og<A thru"~h '.o"di,o[io,,' and 'i"",i';on' . In Origc", h) r,,'\!r~",
w" )",,-c 'h" I><.-.ona) 'ra";<n,J,e,,, Coo 'he !.ogm, wh" o:mdeoo<:nd,
" '" ' of gm". o.11d co", ~io" '0 m,ionru l>tings, heUlg cominu"," ,J)"
in d",m ,11er he brought ,hcm into l>ciug,
Th;' (one<p'ioo of 'h" [ "'g,," allo,,~ "." ,101;0,", '0 he co,.,.");,,,,!;
f!NI. C ",) i. lime""" am) r~dk~U)" If~n""'ndo:m 10 Ihe ,,-o,ld, """.
o"cU y, Coo i. 'h" creator "f thi. "wltl, he communi"",,:> ,,' i,h it
aud i",kcd ac", wi'hin i,.
Th;' ;. 'he p,loh ' hrough ,,'loch Origeo "'a1! ahle ,,, "cl' from hi.
'Jbtology (oba, i., lri> <obCepool1 of C ",I in Hin'>elf ' 0 m. Cos",o[og)".
'0
/tW, IV. !.
- -J-,
XVUL I "8""
"" ""'rprOlion of""
G_W_ Ho,,,",,,,,,,"
in "" in",,""""") " , th<
~'O .
of
Jho<,
~;, bm -' ,
~~ h
~t.o,
b.,."k.
I~,
".........,.
"-~"
113
,,'O"ill
lell ", of 1ll,,~. to ;. l"'llncJ "'u' ' hm th c 'enn 'g<nesi;" "'c;U" ',he
"''')" " f e<nu'g to l"'inS ou' of non.b.,.;.ng .... ". " 'eU ;" ,h", i1 '''go
g."U \I," .. ub.t~tltif>C'~tiO!,. IoWa,,,,,,,,,, of <"~,ion,J ".t"n',, '" It i, r"r"
thee "'Pled th'" 'he ac:" ...1 clYa, i",n i, ab<> "'I~",,, to ,ime. Thi. i.
wh), 'miud "'hi,,b i. "ill . "bj"" to <reat;"". aDd "" ~oC()\lnt "f thi.
it ;. al", .uhjec1 to time. canno' "'" G(~] a> it should"." Ti,,"c ;.
'>OTtlcthing' ,;" whkh i. cI"""l)" <OOTt"""] '0 '",a'eri,~ Lk' I't'j; tv{,4
~ooj;)." It i< nor d)C "~'nC ,bing to ", ... a~ "'f 'uo, ,,",en' (. 1> ~~ opii<76a,
;u"l ' i n,i>ib~" '" ,;.;pafQ',: 'not to be ..",n d""o "0' entail '0 be
i",;,;bl,', Lu, 'to be ;",,;';hle (lot, e""il
he ,~" ICe ,, ', 'f"" ,hert
ar~ ,uany hodi., which Ort not ""en, aJthough 1h~)' "'" ,-;,ih'" ei1 h"r
hcca""" ,hq' art (ovtrtd, ,.. i, w"rt, or b""au>e we art not in the
pi""" "h,"" ,10<,., ~'.:. In ""fen'nce '0 'j"';5iLk". ","'0 rational creaturc, "'hich ."" in th. '''I'",m~ wade, of lif., a", tI'" ahl" W >eo
(;",1, U(~ ' " hco""", of 'heir di hiJ"r. hUl hee."", of G,~l", iocor"
l",rtaJi ly, "
'1'1,,' dOiS<" ,da' ion bcl " -e"" 1he "lti""""e of, 0'" a "d th, exist,",:.
of 1to< " -orld i. 1",,;,i,,"l), ~ff<n,,<,t : 'time C~J\n'" J~' f""",1" "he" 11",
'Ihim and fO~l1h c01"'Q)1i,,,,, of tbe
of God 'd i,1 I"" ex;>1 at
all'," It i. 'Iifc' "h ich ;, ",!'<",tcd "" 'hc 'third' coocrl'ti"" of the
Son of (;",1, 'life" ;. i. abo ()"e of tlt t <onc<fJ';oWl of the So" "hkb
,I<> "'" l'crt:,i.n 10 CI"i" luoo..,lt: bu, 0<\1) '10 0,1,,,.,; o~x "utiP <iUi<
i-ti~'.I." Thi, m~.,,, ,I"'t ,ime is a"",-~.,cd wilh "",aw1'<;I, life.
"hieh i",'OI\-." d ist;tlC1 ion'. d i, ....,,;tic"'tiQn a"d Wf1'<'",.li,y'.
n",,,fo['<' . 11", F.!(\ical <r,"I>C~ ",l< nt'. of God with ""1""" '0 the
world;' I"'''''''P:.! iu " ,,,ofold way" i""h in 'en'" of """. maiu!y
e~I'''''''''''1 i " "n"" of cO'1"''''';Wtyi ""d lu.v. Th~ P'",tUCl of ' he
'0
s.",
.. ft_\!",- 3_
~
>111'<. 12.
"j-,...,
XIII,
" I~.
" IOW. 'I'll< .,,,,,,,,", of J. ClIt " '" 1"" " .... 'bef,",' lh< "",,,!tI ,,,.000 b"
".. ti,..I<" 0,"' ~ ~roo ... , >, 1. Cbi. f",'"" ,.
~."
71w1<c> !f
onto
I )".~-
IN R.,
.. ""
Orp.
c".,,,,,,:
'"
ae,,",1 CJ~"l;'''' " <of " """";1)", awl by it> n.""",. a e<.>rp<>,,,al clli!encc. Apill. what came ,)ut of the e",a,ion of the "",rid;' of "0<:<>_
,i~', ;,,,d by "aW"', " 1""'1',,<:,1 bejllg. Thi.;, "I.)' Ong"" ""~.. ,h."
an)' l>eing. of any I".",k of life, i, a 'l cmpou",' ' ,"",,,,,'paw 0 ....
'c,..,n if. in " ga ...d of hi, p"1'1",,,br place. he i, " !le of ' he .up,,,,,,e
.~
tu.., """"al'"
nm:ci'1l."
\\1.,,( I k w. th= .... d SO f.,. ;" the ...,1,,,;,,,, I""""",, r.o<l W",-Id
and Time. In ",krc'w,' to the rew''''" of Cod 10 lime, Coo ,""dj
caU~' """""'nd, lime. '\0 tcmpu,.1 not;"" ca" b<- applied 10 hi'" . 1
all. Referring to God hy meaD, of 1>.118 '"'8", it i. dcar ,hat ,,'p"".
";,,,,, 1<'JI,,,iall.,. ' -<Tbo) are Q prom iJ,.ccm-.'c a"d .imply COI".., ,, hOl,.I.
r;",1 j, also u,eo'l",,,,al, an,l ;, ;. solei)' It.: ,,'1,0 ;. ibCOT1"''''''1. Ufc
""lie.)
'"
,-
i"",.,.-"""
ULWrt:R SIX
T[\ iE !'ROPER
tI"""
n e;pite erron""", daim. for the commr.,..' th(' (; rtek> (~d ""play
rim" .Iuog "itb ,p,*""... ~ f ... me fOl' Ih.. ir 'hough1 -form . Alre.dy
in the ....-c " ,h OO""'U1')' II.C., 11 <";,><:1 <..,ml",,,,,d ill 'h ~ fvnn of 1"-'<1'"
th < mr,h ,fl fl\'~ ,."". 'If ,>le,,: th< f"M. the gok!cn race. li\'Cd ill
the origill,,1 hl,""",1 agt" in "hid, ."nh of il>dfpruduced rich h,,_
"em ."d mell "'en: like god ... Thl< wO< foUoVl'e<:I I')' 'he ;ih..,. r.".
lb e" ,10" rOJ~"'r ''''''', to"", U," ",ce of h""-",,, .",1 tu,.II)" w< ;ro"
r""o ' Through such d Ill)..tic ~ ,,,I m)"'h"Ivgi.;~1 '","m. ",ing 11><
medium of allegoric '" m"'''photie imagt"I)', IWI.")" allc;"", Grlt.
p,m-i,kd ti,eir .ccou n" of
'l LJ O,'~)Il of tim~. ~.pn'",,,1 in lOrm.
"f prohl<I", "f beginning, bccoming, <ndUlirtg ond a'; "g.'
'n", 1'"",()C ,ic pi<il"""ph",--, al>o '"uch"d 1J1"''' the proble'lJ or
tinl<' ito ,ha! lIni'luc l>OClic philosol'hi,al ma " "cr ill "hieh 'h"~
"'l"".eJ ,hcir c"DCt"I"i"" of "'''~tl"' '\I\o.inlll,td<r,' A","xime n<>.'
Hemdj,u, or Eph""".. ' '\Il"-"~gor.u.' F.tlll",do<le'" deal ",i,h ~",b_
leUl' in whic h 'he 'I'J("ti'~l of tiTlle i, a C<1l,ntl one, c-,-dic dNlnJc_
';"", regeneration, infini,y "f ."cce,,;"e or co_exi', ing) ",,rlds,
"orld'I"'riods, ~nd ,h .. lik<-.
'n", 1';1hago",",,> m.,,~, ~ ",riot,> ."cml" to ,k~l ,,'i,h ,ho qn",tioll "f,i",e a. ,,,ch , S'owcu,' ad,I",,<> the ,<"imOll}" th", l'Lilol. ,,,
,hus "ith ,I>< b<1.~n.oi"gko,n,",," and cndl""neu of tbe ""i"e"" and
Ari,,()~e p",,;'1e. inlUrmati<on abo"t the ,;""~ of 'h(' I'ythiogure,,,.
Akn"'c-on, " .. ".-11 a. of ,I,.. I'ylhagurean ramn " "Il Ii.,,<:, "hid.
they ",,,,,idcr as inti" ile. n ",) p"i n, "u' ,I"" '1>.:[0"" ami
,It"
'"f',,"
H~
,I""",,,,
~t..", ..
"I.
n, ....
ohe."""
~. f~"',I,'N
.\ti~_ 11""1'+_ 'l66a2i1r
..119-_
., An...,...,
1~',
8,
1~1,
'"'"f>lK iu ~
,.-U"'.., .. "",...&0',
C.,.
11;0<"",
1' .
Il~,k
.,,,\So:
wh~rea.
'"'
'n",,-' ,
,"el'" of I ; O'~ ha,-, ""joy,-d a ' ped:,] ;"'e ...... pe, bap'
of ' he my,hologi.cal .od 'hu . am his,lOu ' I,mn in "hich he
exprc.,.,d hi, ,;c.,,'., "" "',,11 a. be"",,,., of th e ,pecial "'1<:nlion ,I""
C hri"i,,, ,h cok.giam p.";<! to , hem. T o I'Ll,,,, time proper L' "'",c_
I ~ a,o',
1><".",,'
tbillg cOllti" " o"" aDd ,I" " hC}'oud (h< p,,,,ibili.y of COllccpt ll al
ddioiri<>u . To . peak "bow ""'''ItnI ;, but "n mtdl,",,1 .> 1"''''0;0'',
mo",en, ;" i~lf is 1101 ""wall), lime a .. ,1 do,,. nol ",all)
for.
if i, .,;.... d. ,imo ""o"ld "",,ume ,"";.; and ,I", CU' nCl" of j , WQuld
indude the p<"";hili'r of "'" ,,;,ho,," Ill otion .",1 c hallgo. Time ;,
no' a n aggregate of , ,,,tic n""~ : it ;, iu io .remll' rel",.d wit h <haug<
an,1 ,nOliou. There ca n b" no mo,i<on "i' loo" , 'ime. " Th", Iimt~("""&t are '" <10::>0<1)' c(HUl""<ed ,,,S',,,hor 'h~\ ~>.y C~ t\o>'" I.,
unde,-"",.d ind"l><nd~ntl )' f,o", .acb ",heT. Th" "''''''' tha, ,h~re
i, no tun< "-i, h",,, motj"u ~ nd ch. ugc. Sul"",!,,,,,,lr, ",hal>O'."M" i.
,e"'lK>ral i, .ubject l<) motion ~rt d chang<. Pl,110 ttjem 'he po ..;.
t,;h'~ of h,o".n comprd",,,,loo of no.;o,,,, sUeh '" begiJHling or ,"d
oFtim". " b"" (he bet ,I"" f:",i e"",,",ll;,,,, ' Cl'""" Ix: IUl ly ;;'-"'''1,,-,1:
O"~ ean hal'. onl) ,,,,S'ue Kk~ of such a "otion. " It i, ,ru,' ,h..,ugh
'hat he dofinitdy dia"'I~"'''''' "f th o oo"crp' of ,ime l><i ,,~ ,,-i,bou,
btginniHg.
Ari"o~r ,ingles lci, m""cr OUt ,w,u>g 110",. ,,-;,10 <I,r eXC<l";oO of
I'b,,,. all lh~ philO>Ophcr> an; i" agr"em~n' tha' t i m~" unCl,, ",cd. "
lIu' ,h,' I~ .",n;e !' '' 'I>(JrI of ,h i, 'en'at;"n is onl)' lh,- d<~ lh~' ,i"'e
opP"ared .,,;th 'h~ ord~r .-l,ic.b ,,-a<
o n ,he p,."..",uo;"g 'ongimd
n"'ttd , .'\l, " m,tter of fw, I~ oto, in tunc ,,;tb 'he g.Tt"'-~1 tr"di
lion of lu, ,la)" ......ie'Ol' ,he id,,,, of e ...... i"" 'M of tJocb;ng. Tici
,,,-\-,-"hdo". sho"ld Ik' rcg:.rd,d a> Q".."ion " ecdi "g ""mo fU<1)",.
'~""',';'}Jl . .in"" it ;" h< wh" .I.. " h<re .peal. of ' he COLOD,k.. agt"S
uflhe ra,f. " Ibid,,., he hoklo ,I"" I~j"g;" .f)TIO>,)"nlO'" "i,h Actioll.
,hot i. , true c:u"<ucc ;. ' )"Ioon),,,o,", ,,-i, b it> c,~~t i,'c ac'. Suh"," ce
"xi","
>e'
" ""to,
~ , ~, It)",.. ~ ; lbI 5 1f
'"
i< .)"uonynlou. with Fuoc1ion. " God', pent"';"" al",-ap; compel, him
10 acl," ,,,,d h~ ca'''"" [00. cone,;,'<:d of bd,,!( i" tim..l" .. eterni'Y
,,;,hQu, cXCfCi,; ng h i, """,;,-. "hili""
So
"'flu
I", "na<l th e
"tI'
" Ot clea, wl..tha " 1.010 be ld " t"mpor..J bt-ginning of the "'mkl.lO
h is lrUe IIIough ",a' he ,le,,"<I , he ~~;,,", ... , of l;",e ;" ,I", origi,,,,I ch:.,,,,
' ime is de nied to 'he ;ITegu"" a nd , 'herefore, '" 11><
i m"~)Ilal D"~io,, of ,1.< cha"." r ime dKi COIll. irllO being ami ,hi,
si,,,.
"", iOD i,
"",.d
s"
<,.."Ot "'~-
of
-n"""""
<".,1
1:\".
<1"'1'"' ,,.,,
'0
tha,_
,,,,.I
'h,'
=_,1
~Iac.
""', "fe".""
,hi. 'I"<"'.,,he,,,
~~
I.. ,,,,,,
'll!'" ",.,
IU3
A';"otlc '...-:a,.-:d tb., pr"bkm of ,ime r"cing a I'A,\ "",~n, of 'I u~."
,ion, wh ich arc rcLul 1() i,." A, ' he onlX' he ;ta,C' ' hm ,illle could
no, I", " i ,lto"l change or motion.'" l",cau,,", i, ;. "'~) 'hroug b ' he
ditlC",,, "age. of lllotiOl' or cbange ""hin our mind
an;
abl" to conc.-: i" e of ,ime.'" Although 'fa ... - a lld 'w,," art' ddi,, 1 by
,illle. ,iUle ~roper i omething co",,,,,.. bcc~lI'" ,illlC i. lIot defined
by ,illle." Il enc<. althollgh ,illle i. "'III<thing ",I.ted '0 111O,iou or
change." i, ~ ;"" Ir ""","'hing fll",bmcmaUy diner"TU fru", ,""';00
and cha,'<i" prop"r:
d,., ",.
0 ....1)- m, i, I"' time] i, not """;OU ... 11", nci.l><r tilne exi,,, ~ ; tI ,"
0"' cb,,\'!<' .. , . It i, '~ ''''n'. Lbon. Lb" I,m,' " o<i~,." mo<io.on uor i.
" i,wkl""tl<l<,,, r"~,, ''''''lOll.''
1><,,,.,,,,"
",\riwxl.-.
f'i~4.
bl I\".
cm.
10 14 r 217h~ - 22"16 .
ri,,,,'
s,.,,",
I ~.
2'Hbllff.
"".h.-,
....,,.;w.
~
~
'1!>"'"
1'1\1"'"
11!>"'"
,.""...,
~ I .21\Jb~ ~l!>;
22 1".
221~):
2:!lbll: 22 1021:
22 1 l> ~,
,.""..., 22h:lff: "To be in "'.. """''''' I(.- rootiou. du, both ... ,od It> " ... ,,'
." ",. ..our<! by ""","_ 1'.1)""'- nl...r, - ]"0 1.. ;" rim.- <nan .,." 0(",,, thmg,.
I. To ,.,;" ~"'D Iimo";"'; 2. .. ..,. .. ~ or ""'" thing> ,ha< , h.-y or< 'in num _
"", ..... ,h.,
11~ .. h~h.", ."'~" r.","",........ ,
'"
th i, i. all "",.;b," of ",'hal i. <v",in""",. namdy, 'he " umb"r <.>f
",ooon ," ,hi. ;, :t . iogle , i"fmi,e " "d
011" coll,um"m'." Tun<
;, ",,(,..,~ \ <-d ~"d il ;, ;,,/i,ule in ""'1""" of both ;IS , ij>;,;i,W1)' and
;" ex',..'",;,;,,,," Thu, ;, h .. ~ unif"rmj,) of
"",I co",;n"".
th rough ,0> e.. , ire d"mlio " inruic'>ably "ncl "itho", mOOi6.:.,;O"", "
;, i, :tl ,,")~ "ha, it ill, it i, ,lOt '" ';n" a",1 ;, i. 1Iot coDtain"d ily
ti lUc, or mc,,-,,",o,1 by ,im<. or aJIi:c1cd by ,imc ," Time i, 'he ",-cr_
las.ing d " r~,ion ;""If. R<g:,rdj,'l( the "",<>log)" of,;mc. i, i, 1~"iJ\ ,h",
i\ri<1O~" nW" CS from "" tf1imm.~a1 ",.mi" (we 1IIIIi<, rim .. , ,,-he"
and (n~r ,,-he n ",e "<)1;"', cllang< to "" ",,~.I a_I",Wo (,ime ,10<"
"01 ";'/ ";,h",,, chang<:. The c<J,"1tioll of """,her ,,;111 mea."", in
A'i",,!lc', .;,,,.
Ih" definj,ion octu"Uy """" '" "'gges< ,lI ;" if
no oDe ex"," to ,1o
w \ul1i,,!;, ,h.", i. nOl an)1hj"l; eo ,,","bl<c.
Th;, oI.o~q"c re!;''' '''Ct" 10 ,im~ as a ""'as" ", ",,,,h~,h, .. ,I,, ,,""SO' ,,,
which ,ime i, nu mber.
Of 11,e i"ulloo<U.'e di;cil'ics of 1'1.,,, it w", unl)" Ih..,ti,e ,,, of
I'.rimhu. lof 'he ;o..eaU..1 old ,\c.ld"")"1 "ho fuU)" abide<1 b)' hi,
mas,..,", .ll..gorical defL,,;,ioo of ,;m,. H, a\"t ... ,I"" "time i, ~w
COl,,.,. of ,h,' h~a'""t~) bodH.:; u' lli.;r rel",ioll 10 O"e " 'OI b,r"."
St"""il1''''' "" the o<.her h:.nd...em. to f"U"", Ari,,,,,Ie, "" 11~ detl"""
time '"the 'I,,,,,,,i,y with in moti,,,, '" i:v . ,..it<>...,.,.;,.." In tb,
,"",,. ,''';tt. Xcnoc,",,<, ,ic611C' ti",. "' ",h. ",,,,,,,,,,, of ",h", I,..
b""" err.,",i as " -ell ",, n 'crl'lSliog mouo,," ~hpo:w , ... Y'w~,iiw oroi
~i,' ""w ,Hato.,," whOch on.i""';t,, d,c l'L.tvnic dd!ni,;,,,, of limc .,
....;"". and ;, "loo in ~nc "'i,h th e Mi.totd;"" vie'" "f tirn,' ~. num&tt-.
""if
""to",,
..si"".
,h.
G<.J. "'" _ ... ""h. 'in "m". tOr obey .... 00< ,out.inn!
.K
""",",..,J by ...., 2~1b2 ' , 'ID<) ..,. """
-oll>:tod ~' _ , ~!Dc ll .~ ""', U,,) .'" 00< IQ <im<" nit.:; ~ , I ", ",!ito,
2llt,Ib, 2"llbll.
tmtingu;.he> tIw infuDl< "'~tla""'" <Iut3_ front
<"mioy """'" ",hio;o i , a '\>:;">1 .t. ~"< ,imo:'_
~ 11;7_ 2~~1H:
~ 1 "l(1fI; ~1"lf1'( 'll."1f
,\ri,todt, , _ "" oh< infinite oi'....:bilit), ofaj 1"lDti';c~ i<><lu<tin,t...,.,:
Ull<OO'S"obk- .
"cr.
b<~
,.we... ,
It,,,,,, An,,,,,,,
cr,
0.
(.0,/0, 2;~21r.
ill}"'" nlb31f
" So"-"'. & . . ],251); aIx.., If"",i.aeu, or P,rin,hu,. er. 110......"" I...,,,,,,,.
UI. ",
~ Plu_h. Qw";"'" 1_ _. \'111. I , 3_ In thi, drliru ..... , """~"":. ;' ,.." , ,,",,,,
.,"' ",hnhn timr;, "" 'nurno... ,/,mOOon '" "" ",.... u,, ~'''''h;''' """",",,,
~ ~, !::&!pt. I. 20(1,
'"'
0" ,h.- ""h~c hand, the fono,,-~r; of A,;,I01 Ic, the I'uip""";"" did
.hide by their
dcfu\;h,n of time," f"CTh.~I" 1"",,\,,,., thi. w","
"01 allegorical ;,,,,1 ..." .. "'0'" (""C""~. Iksid",. it h:~1 a orien"tic
c)"',....C(cr 'M ,,,,.e'1" ;bLc to "",d, co''''''''O''') ~"<l , ..riega'cd in",,_
",,,,,d,
(he noU"n of. UT';"""" ,,;tilOlll i><guming 01 cm!. "-,,d lintil'" ,i"".,
were c'I~)lCtlll)" ,""donm. of Rhodt-> 'Uld Ilicacarchu> of ~ I MW1 .
h ,,'a. SIt"'O of Lar"~".,,,,, ... ho e~pou "ded 11 ;" Ow n \'i",," of ,ime
U) ~n aJ "'" "".,;..,. ,-h.lkngiug 11," :\rislO"I"',, dct,,,h,,," of ,i",,,
in tcnn. of " umbo" or motion a, unw iofuc<ol"i' and I"""ibly <IT.,"
IlCOO . H e dd'n ". time,... "the 'I " ",,,it)" ill a U actiou' IN iv m,,, "pa.
~L . """,, " and ,h . qu,.",;.)' of "'''I)"t lung ,ha, ;, iu m",;oo ~ "d
al le'" 1' 0 tv
oiP4!il' .,.,Ov" ."d IJit pov ~,vi)<ft"" "at
~."..il;\." Th" notio" of ,m i. pan ic,,!.,.I) h"~rcW"g, ,""er i, "'" OD
th" dc" 1'I,,,i,, u, grnu",lcd hi, argument.; again., ,10 .. c"nl\~ct; v" ..,f
tim~ wi,h mv, j"lL "
,\, regard, ,Ioe Epio",,, .n aaj1Ude. I >hall onl)" bridl)' ".,e dIm
,I,,) ),,,.,.,,11) ~,,,.., hrlh,encrd b) ch.: Ari,wtdi,,, .-;.,,, . 'fh,) ...,...,dt-d
,ime "" a ")""'l~o<o ...... om J',,')'iog "'U'!:' ill ",,,,io,,' (""...~t"'j.I<l tWf()
a' ",It, ""r>~~" ~tvioo""'"\" n.md)" . COl\comi ,~ " , ,,f m,~iot,.
Ilo,",'<"\"Cr, ill .-ic,,' of O ri)[<"n', ,U"lai " for ol,c Epicure"" though,.
there i, no o",d to I'ut><,e tlt i' i .. ne ao)" funh ...
I ,\01,' corn" to ,h e Stok <:OIIco1" of ti,"e. ,'\ a:ording to d," Stoics.
time" in 0',.' ..... ll ""len,,,," (6"i.,.",~" , . ' Ill " <kfulitiu" ha, '-'1o)"<d
"VIi"" "",
:>0:",.-<"""10:...
*_'"
urn<"
e><mpt
wnmA".,,'
<"pm
""'ani"' ..... di.tin<OO.,
M Simp\O;",,- c
,'_" ..
"",on',,!! of Ari,,,,,<llon
,u-...<'1t Mi<h
~ 1'I!:r'~"
of
'0 <he
Ill. 5If.
no!
&.;.m
<he ,,01
~u
1
<J<. linI: """~'O<n
"","IM-< ond m<"""",,- Cf G"'l"'l llot"" -C,....x.n in u.. 1 ..... " I. ;,. "'_'" .
.. R.E. AlIen ed.','-"';' 1'10 .. , ,11,.;_ 1 _ 1'l6S, p . OIl: aloo "TI",
,.:>tdt~y~.oooo iD u.. 7 ...... , ''''I",,'re<l oro." CImt,I Qo>o''''i1, 19l9. iMoI.. pp.
_ , 6. JoJi' A"n" M"",",. 1>_1><, ....., Ti ...--, /'1111
Qo>o...-p.. 2~. 19):;,
W- 91 113. "'1'. l00.J. I\... mkt, GM.
T .. s..<;,~ ,~ o.w. ....
'''1'1'. ,,>I. 2l, p . 2~, n. 5 . .1. ~l_. ",
j, ""'f' ..... ,,';'_. I'.odu., 1\16,),
W- 125, 1:I'.J 30 ,\I",. All. ,Ift",~, ,""te M -"'- ;., "'" J.od, nlio""" ~
.11.... , 1%1 ",", "" P H. \I""u...-d F.M. Oomroru Loeb """"'-'00n of 1'I!:r""'2191>1 ~, C.mbridg< .It.... .. 1961.
h rl)' """' ..
r_ -' """"
U:.,.-. "
"
S"",..""
&xtuo
~
..
y..
,t. . .
789. ~ t .
lit I, :WO
t:mpm.ru..
1'",'
S.
pro~,bl)'
>cc'"
'I'
,ij,",,,,,
A,~I Zel>o ....id ""', time;' ." <Xlen' .... ' "f "k>Iiu<o (""i!<J'''' ~"""~~"
."d ,10" <oi"'tIOII or r"""eo .,. 1 """.,..... ,\oul ;, " in ,ime " i f0
"M~' 'h"' "''''''u o<cur .,,01 ",~,.,.'hi'og ,h., I"""",,,,. ~",I ",I
,,,.i,,S'
'",,"
T" CIor,-.ipp,,' time;' 'he 'utell ' ;"" of We 1110,i"" of 'he ,,otld ...
Altbou!;l' ,b., .,..""" '" I", a mo," 'I'"c;lic ,1"("01;01' roml~"...-d to
th .. of Z","," "n 11 0 ""ro'''" <o<!Id (h i, " ,Id il""lf to ,he "-'''''rlio''
th .. it in' "~l,,ccs "0 "''''!Ilia! ",,~liflC"tioll of Z.-nos ,;< .... ', For hi.
orig;,",! "" "<'-1>1i"" of t;,,,e a' e."e,,,;",, remaim unc h""!l"dble anti
,,\h. , k"nlel ofCl")~;pp,,, ""1'C,P';"". lOO. H... idt-o. ,t...,<" ;, ", Ieas (
onC P="gr" "Ile,," Chr,s~l'u' vi.,, i, ci ted ill ,Ii'\illoc';on. or ,,' a"
" ~plan~lo'-i 0''''' (0 11"" of 7." "0'"
,Ic<,
<.'Ie'".'''
,hin~
.. J_\1.
",<"tl
10 ha.
~II
'"'
maintained lha! th i, d<fulilion ill ten", <;i its kue. may
' '>I _ ,
",,,,,('1
,,"",wo
.rI,,".
,h.
8,,.,,,'IJ'''
qo. "'-, 1'1'. 273 , . R,,,, ..).....y..... "" ,h,,'" i, not w ..... '"
"""old Z<oo', 00< b< cot<~ .. ,,.,,,, (_~. _ocd.
~_
d.-tinirion
'f"''''''''
"''''t.
'lm..u...
,,,cl',,,
'0
~ For ""'''pl<, h< aIb.-m. 11.,. "........"", ,,, of bum.,. "''''''' C[ .l/"" !l6A
Ii<~
"~ .. ~ j"
611";
~ ~'~ '>H ,
1 _ 7;C.rc 1()(;Il,
I., 7a'L.
K"
~,,
....
h",Lfj, "" ,,"'!! rc.. h) '''' .....)' "",,,I, , ~" ".,."n. 11.....,,,=,,) .-.:.01.
i<)' Iu. ........
~-tti<h '''''tr.>:lOo:t, the
tho, ti_ ~~, <""od ~-h<"
onh "'.. bn:.o~~' ;,,'" th. ~ti"!! ch .. ~ .,Kl LI-.- '00ginaI ~uff' ,
""_"to
,.,,>t<d
a.
tT,'
l"Io p
.t.
oh' I, ,.,..;..,.; Ii
w.
oip.e,.fIoo.'''"' oI...M........1
tOo""'""'"
(l,,"l i~~d
to
'""
[,<""
cl",,,,,_
;",1. ~..".",
~ ,.,;;,'
.. P.t". C"""",, 0;.
196!, pp. 1 ~ 69 .
.. R. ",,".I.<j~.,. ~i . p . "-
eIt., ..
''''
,kfi"itio" ,,[ time i, almw.. TiTtk: ..u " I,1 be nog"roed 41.50 '" 3 'mca_
,urc' , iJut ,hi. i; ju" "" .dditional P"'I><ny of it, 1bi. ,uco.T" , h. t
;r tune i, nm regard",] "';, m." ..,,",.,. ~ " d if ,he", is "0 otoe to cou n t
it. 11.... 5 ,,,;0 defi"ition of ,ime doe; '101 t.il ,,,,Iik" ,10,' ,.\ri"oldia"
o no. Th~ c';' ;OII poi'" ,,-hich all)" .,,"d. b.-hind ,hi u!.>'i,a",;,,1
diff.rente i" I thillk. the S1<';c doctrine of eo,,,,ic peri.x!,.
St,)ic~.
r<:ic<,ed
,h" i,
c~,arly
tb",
oc< " e
pc';odic~ II).
0'
,h.
~ Cf_ I'hilo, 11. Aormoi_ .1'..... L~3!f, "_ . . ~ .00"""' .. . ... & "'\ "'''' ~"''''"'
"..,in "_ ;, 11<0"""",. """", ~ ~1Iw""""~'",, ot rii>
~'~"",' oil<"
i","""".,,;,
191
Ixca,,,,,
a~
m<3>"'~. ,,0\
,11_
CO"',,,,,
.. SI'F.
n.
lGO, 610,
'"
""!ice>
a,,,,,,,"'I
ra,,,,,,
'k"
",,,,,m,,,_
193
(hroughuu( .uc<"";,,,, 'e,.n" Tak ing imQ ,cc",""" th. C",d ~k" <.>f
the Grea( Year, for cx.~"'I'I<:, it ronld be "'!,~,<:,I (h.t. ante (h",
period root,,,, ",,,lid alld Ihe b ~a"'nl)" bodi .. '~tu'n to their origi_
n>l alig"'''''''''. (h,'n Urn.. corn,,, IO~" "nd and ,,~, .. :.g:.in. 11""0"<1".
(h"re i. a p<.>int "hieh ha.t<.> l>< ma,1e agoi ""th... a,,<rti<'>'b." 'llli,
argumen( i. somlll ooly if time i. rcg,rJed
the ,\ru,,)tt~"" '<nse
of mrostIf, or n""u.,... Onoe time i. c' !IC1ltiallr ,w "Inffio . th" "'"_
ment i. nOl ",,,"d I f time i, but 'he nUfllber cowning the y<~t> of
a o:<mie pcrio<t thell ",",,-,illl) i, ,,'iU reMh the ""m I... , of p .....
,,-hich comp""" """",ic pe,i,.! and 'hen "ounti ng will h.,'o t<.> hr:jt>
"If";n , "' hieh nlCa," tha( ~ tunc ,honid "an all "'= '10ut. lu
COl"""'. if time io it< ~ ... ,"" ;" all ,,"InU;"", , b"", ;" nothing '0 ."g_
geM (h", ,h~ ".ill "in again. T b;' ex'enoio" is i1lfini'e i1l both di=_
rio",,_ "" ,he Sro;", c>pt;caled , I ~)i(\ ~ ,ha, ~)is i. a mai" n'ago" "'h)'
'h"y .eem to h:,,'~ no! '~'.1! ",-ith th< qn,,,tio,, <fl 'h~ saN""', or
,~,, _ of tunc in the CO" "" of 'he "'"rid , 'Il,ey ..imply ,lid lIot n=1
(0 do ..,.
\ I,..-h dd,,,. h'" 1"",0 made ~oo.l\ ry.:/in{! of "i'b .... rime or ",,,,,,.."
10 ;" 1"'1",1,,, ,,,ooug schol"" to 'I"'a ~ aloo," -C;'die' or '",c,;hllc~r'
tim<. lilt fon)] 11<-'; ng I"C-g-.. n:l"d ., ,he 'C r...,.' cO 'lCcptioll (lf i" 11,i,
IIo,i"n of qelici() <ni"y' much CUITC"C;- ""cl 'lOC. p<rhap" bccau!iC
it prmido:. a ";' '' pli'tic ' !Mtial figu'" of time. 1bi, U. bo","'-t f_ " di,_
,i"",;o<, ,,' hid, is ,,,;,,I<:,,,,,,,S for con'p,-,'h.".iol1 of Ih~ prot,Ie<".tio.l"e
of (ime p"'l",r,
T he no(io" vf c}" lici') cotM h"rJl) makc """S(' in ~n~ G,...d
school q,di< "\"I"n1> h,,,,,, no "'"'" ",',n u, phi1""'ph,,. ,urh a<
Herdcietl" Or (he Stoic .. ,\( 01"'( Olte wm,I,1 'I"'ak about """"';'01
",'~'''<' "hirb ,<'-cur i " norm"l I",,-;od, of U", infioil"_ h""M. CO" tinuum ~ rim,. With ",g~rd 10 f'lat<.>. for i,,"a tlCC, ,(lw,tion, vf
r)"Clie it).... I ",,'~ ( h ~ir co",,,er-pan, in hi. "',,r. III ,h. R'_'fnd>Ji<","
h" ",cm. to '''[QI'''' that >om" d.)" in (he f",,,,,, the ide.1 State .
u,
s. .... >ji
,ugge'"
,h'" ~ .....
" "01),,," ....,";.- ""I "',0< ...., "......""l ".. /i,,,,' ~~'" ,
Moioou
..,..".,,'" ~"' . . . ,..., ~"'" ~" ".;o.1),ItI; ~'" ...,... .... ttW>A
/M
~hUL
h,.... mint,
'"
It <x>uid ,he" be ,,,,,,..mabl< 10
argue , ha, .he po"myru of an ocClIrn::nce lying in the illdcfLDit<
futun: ;, a dM>.; "'hkh implie. a 1iIwl, co" ceplimo of ';n1e.
T he,,- i, onl) 0"" 'a,,' for ,"yd;..-") lime 10 m kc ... "sc' !hat i.. a
/;ypolNliaz} eclectic aUj,ude, acmrdi ng 10 which the St";c 1101;011 of
11l",~riali<,, _
,uc""";,,, wo,ld, is uphe ld. ,,-hilc lime;' ru.o r~g,rdod '" NimilHT
I;" a " '\rntot<~'w seor). Al 'he cml of" c",mic period time will
b~, .. IQ >tar! ''If.,in. bott"""" 'hi' ",iU h""c re""h1 'he amOm01 or
years """,pri,ing du' ''''mic I" 'nod ~"d ;, "ill not IK" """, hi. for
th" IHltnocr-tim< to i"<rea", [""her. Sinc. A",w,dian ,."''' i, infi ni"
Iwi,h no " 1""1,,,< l>cgumi ng or <Oldl, the f(Jun1uv: of the mtmbt-r, whith
i; ,ime "'ill ha,". !O >!at'< ag;.in. Tb" ... Ihe,.., ;, no .bwl,,1t 1"'gi1l.
ning "nd time proper "",,'" (0 b" "'1""".,1 in n q-clic ""hem<. It
is o,~) in , .. d. ~ hWOl,hcrieal <..se ,ha' one " 'o" kl "",ak of ",,1~<4
' ime:
i.. an infLni,e .." ie. of cQun'ing nl'
cercoi" nLunh"r.
aud ,heu "aniug frOnL the h.. ginLliug cou n,ing aJl O\-.:r again, SLJch
..., ecl,ic ,; ...... of Lime, ho""",,,,. if e,,:r any. ne"er ",.<It " , " b
":'01ial m~,'k io G "",k !hough..
T hus , h ~ wO)' "ooon of TtfJ"1W!. of '"''''HS iJ, rac, iml'l;'-', " du~ of eH""'. e"c" if they .'e
identic,.] (""m o"e coo
mic po:ri'~l to ""oth e" II mee, lh< n",i"" of C;'dici,y "lIe~1 as a
lIui,',n.a) Gr"". conc'1'tion of Lime i; . h.uru. A. ro, Aro'''tle. b<
of time as so",,,lu"g like as '1'(I~. " 11 ,,'o.,ld ha," I><:<'n a
fug .... nt mi,,~le 11, take th i, phr...", "," vf il< cOll lcx( ""ti allege , I""
An'lO,1<- '''gg''''''(I Iha( 'ime i, 'cydi"al', " Illi.sI~ke " hid> ck'al ~
,h",,','(I !ha' ,hi, p"ni,,,, of /'h.l'im hati ,,," I~"u plUJl<',ly ,t lld~'(I
<tu)'w.)' a ",i"ake which I ,10 nOt <llli'k i. ",.d, """,,,bp." If Oil<'
,,i;b,, '0 " ... k to Ihi, ,00000n of c),cbd,}' \"hhough ,h e'" i'l "0 ",:,son
to do s.. at al]"l," I", "'mM a( t~' " 'p.'~k of ~ ,pirol "f "1"""" li m.,
01,.,
'0 "
'-aJ!J
"",,,,k<
~ Mi-'<. i19'_
113KZa-'29; Cf. .Joc 123~.ZH!': 2'IJB,3 1 3:1.
" O. CuIlm""" bu<~ h;, -runn, '"""'" "'h" 1><0 ,aI> th< '(',""~'
Ari..w.
'-;"~' '"
"",,I "'"
"""""'" in 'he ." .. ~.y: er c:Iriit ... '/""" 0=_ , bo,' p, eoum."",,- ,\oheno.
1900,1" 2W. n, 5. ~"r, Cf. C. ""'ch, 0"""," .... T""'",",.<t .. 004 'I .....
I'riot>. 1971: I' t2 .00 n. 6
An _
.. """,,.;, ..... """,;,, ..,. ....t>
o"",.u "'" "",",ur,n-ino '" ,In_I.', '-;"k, 1'. 11.."." ,rit>;iLI
"'thwgh ...
"'ho,
CuI."""" for ''''''''''g """ """';, ""'Lib",,,_' k.... """ ."mnomk.J un><;' .....)'
"'lln<: ...
w"" ....",
195
'1'1"'.,011 account of 'he cO "<'l"ion of Ul11~ a. e .. ~n';on. ,h< S,oic,
,lid not n",,1 to cllunci"c 'hn' timc i. in "'"e<: "'" .lId tbc ,.""
throughou, the s\l cce"h'~ :" .... II S. "",~"b d,", ( h~y did e>npha<i>e
,h.t time" a COII,;"",,tn which i, 1101 hroJ:<l) olf d ,,,;ng th, d<""o<:
' ion of" ..",Id . T h;" p<>; lll como, in 'UPI",I"( of my argument tl""
thc S,oic ""''''''I'' is in coOCl ''''' rd,lic:illy difbc", fruII , I~" or -,\""otIc',.
I cond ud, tltCll th~t thcTC is "" autonu""),,, SI<';" <r,,,li,ion "u
,h~ <OtlO:lfl ;On of ,jme (""md)". Ott the particular q ue>1ion of ~'Io.1
'On" proper '-", This ,."KlI l>csid,' 'he I'L ,o"ic ."d Ari"OIcfuol) ,;, ....~.
bo'ittg ;ndep"ndem from ,h"m . An)' " " "mpl '0 a ..ocia'. ,h< Sto;c
,;<w ,,;th cither thc Aristotelian or 'he 11ato"ic olle couhl I". l~)it".
bo , ']l'e cbim al"'''' an e"""ntial 'im~ari(l' b",,,,ee,, u,e I~",to"ic or
A,;,t01cli"" ,'i(~, 00 'he 0""' haml. and 'h e S,oic 0'" on ,be ",It...
0\ [""1 in' plks 'h~\ ' he .... i. ~n """'01ial d"I",,,de"<~ of 11", SlO;':
'ho"ght "PO" ,,;th<r ,h. I""ton;', '" ,h. A,i"",eLan one_ In elf"",
,"ch a claim di,p"'''' thc f"d 'hat Stoici,,,, co""ituoc< a rl illdepc".
'kut "od ,,,If.<Iit<..,tiog ,lfl:"m of ,hough,. It ,,-oul(1 I.. "ut only ou'
of m )' ""<>I .... I~,' "I", , uj><"rtluQ,,'. '0 "'11"'" 'h~,
nu< 'I";'" , he
ca,,'. For h wou ld b.: ,tWuro(O call ;"'0 'lu<,(;"" ' he b;"",;c,,1 r,,,,,
'hat S,,,,,,i,m i, qui,c ;n<.k"]><ndent f'um an~ "'hce Creek ,,-hool "f
,hought: tha' it 1t,,,1 il> own momeut"", ""') il> highl)' "ig""'''' a "d
i"fI""",i.>1 p'<>t:nce in 110. ",irilUai " ",ironU1cnt and ",-o lu,;01O of
~!"as ",,,,,el),. ;'010 , I"" " 'hid, i, " ,"", U)' ,Io.,,,,,,il<l by d,e all"'''' b,....,.
Ulg exp",,,,,o" 'C rcd thought'.
n<'-erthde.., ,I"" ,h< St"ic <I<,(", i'i o" ha. "njo),'<I 1;,,1e
It i,
"un"ion amollg "d,,,I;...-.. It i. "h",."",ri,,;c ' hat. in " ,,",or. aimiug
to deal with certaiu <o"<q"ioo> or,iu,e it, Anti<l"ity, J ol", Calhh",, "
I"",... th. S,oic 'w,, ou, of cOII'ideraUon. 0 .. me omer han(l. as I
",id. i, i, onl) "f'er a \"ry ,hOl1 d;""".";,,n ,I ... "- Chrou" co'"
d"d." . ,h.t 'he S'oic d~fill i'io" of ,im< ,,-a. 0,,1)' :tn ..:ho of th .
Ario'otdi. " on"." I'<-Thal ,,11 ,hi" ;" du~ (0 'h" lad of a ,k,.il,,,!
S,oic Irc",,, ... nt of the 'l """jon. F.". indccd 'hcy rl<'-'eT alli",lc,1 a
cot"!,,,, h.,,,j,'" aceo"",, of their tt:n<1 , 11",,,,,,10 uphrai<1< 'he S,oics
,tu, ;.
,nu'.
"Wc ,he "'"" , of. Ild,,-.ic .00 ChM ... '""rilineM' time. The
00,,""" ;, "'" oh>, ~ .....
......t. . """" ..,.,ru.t;c.""l
"".od
, John
CalI.b.n. F.. ...... ./ ', . io ,u,;,., I'd" A. Ch",,,,< .-n., m<ani"l! of limo in ,he anci<m
.....~)
1 ~\1 '.
JL,!,
wu.: ,. t>m<.
t,,,,,,,,,,,.
COflll<"bcU< 1'168.
~<KId ' . 'll< .........MIo";';'"
t Z.
''''
,,;lh incondu';,.., in ci<fmi'll c", 11.0 oh""ye. tha' 'h"y ,lefi" c ,ime
.... an 'ex,,,,,,io,, of lIlOh"'" 1i,,:i'Hn~" .....;"..,., -",,<1 nothing d oc'
liiJJ.o ~- 0':&'\. H ~ ad<J. Ib", 11o<"}" "'ga,d i, .. aD""" "mib",e
I",,,
....,,,,..cl
Tt"".
a", ,[ """"'0"< ~...,.. IQ "Y th., the """'''''on ~f mWw' ,. ';"1<. <I'"
U, tile .,,,,,e oi <xt<l"'''" ,udr, "'It 111.. u, rei ..... " ,,, ""bid, lhc ""~ .... ,
b.. iu ' _\teru<oo. a. if " ~ .'" ntluti"!! ..... og ~itt ,to ,,'hat ,Iti,;, h..
n.,. t><-.n """d. Fo'" i, ",-"""" ,"", ,i",.;, ,),., i" ",'hich <I.. m.,..o",
h.. "'(U""". 11", tlu, ",. , "cl"" "')
'ryi''8 to ['"tI [,"'''
th.. toq,;""ing.
tin ........,,',;ill)' i,; "", .. '" Iio<-t
j, ~ke tloo
""ne '" ~" a","er 10 Ih< qu<" , m '\\1,.. i, ,;mer "'hi<~ ' "r' tt",
;, i, ,_"e,,,"'" of mutiooo u, o",e. IIl1~'. do,,,. ;; t/-U, ~-'1<o,;"o ,.hich
)w ,,-,ll ,in ," .od pu ' OUt.;cle ,I", 1''''1><' e>ten,"'" oi the motion'
TI,en "8";" , 00 ,he o<he, "'k. ,h .. 1""""" "'M I"'t> ,~ ..
in
th, mo<ioo
,.111 he loopel<..J) ])Crpk_,ed abo ... , ""here '0 1'"' tb,
dioo<!l>ioo ...r "'... ~'",. .... ncthu,g d>e o"nk] r<>l fOr .. Ion!! "' ""litet/,;"8 " ... u,",,,,L "".I )"" ,,-otol.] .. ) that the lill'" '" ~acL c"'" ,....
the _ , ' , i><i"g, 0\>0....",<1).-, (1;11<",,,, from \><><11 . Ilh .. , tt<n,
<><'e1l;x",. , ad "'h" " i<> o.nu-c? 1'0' " c no< be '1'.6... ' u""' ' his
,I,., ti,~ QUbOdc
di..-",""u """
,,10.,
'h"
<:>,,,.,,,
,,,,,If.
'. ,h",
oou"<"',,,",,
.... , ~ith """" "'""""' .... ,h~" J <n>.n"",,, .s..J~",~" .. c", ....... ., not" 'u;.,,,,,,,,' "\acb olueo _ ",.n,. _"" 6~o.; . I.. , OM""',;, ,\1>, "'"
;;""",.l~ n><an . ,
",ort""'"
,,,,.,, oonfu,;""," I.. oo.-;,.,,<y "",.,..'op.oc< or nm.' .... ,~ "tIVf1otio"" ,",k. tllf en"",-' "",-"",,,," ". ..."'., """" "'
,h"".
po;n'
~t..."
197
'X"~';OT'
. , oil "'ha, ;, ;>, "or ha, 'h< ""'1<n""" a"l "",,'1<n' bel""'- it i , w,1
~h." 'Iti. ;>ccomp,oriog t hin~ ~ , f .... l'<rh"I" jD.t ,h m;!(h' tllJ"D "'"
to to. time. Bo , "e ''',I>t oot,~d"r ~- ...,tI ,, ,. tI,i. acoon'p"nimnlt co",,,
.rier """iou. or " ,he .."". lime ~, i" or t.for< it rtf "" 're i, 3.1')
kind of ~ O("" 'I "n i" ", ,, ,,'~i c h con,,,. heiQ..., iQ, ,,'hkhe,~'" ""'Y be
w.1, i, ;, >aid to be in tu"", If 'loi, i. "", ,in" "iU be ~" .... "'mp""
u;"'<ot of m...o;':'o in ,ime. "
It ;" "ne tha, the S,oics ,/0 not ,,1I<:r any ebborotc ao uut of 'heir
...." 'ial i<k:, of ti",," ,,' '~le".i O>l. '!l,e fO"'8Oi"g crilic;,,,, foc,,.,,,
Oil Ihi, l.d of clabor.tio". pu'pc..,.ing '0 ofT.. " cto",er of puul, ..
0\ Ih,' ~l1cmp' '0 dillCredil d,, Sloic d.fill itiu", Thi, i. ~ nders"ond
.bk, ,;,we it CQ '''''' from .\liddlel~ atonic ami "',oplato"", di"",.
,iOl~ tto" i>. ri,'.1 ",h(~)I, of ,ho(lgh,. I ,hould h,,"e !hough' 11""
A. H. ' \"'''tto''g i, qui'e righ, in ""UinS 11",arch '" ,.,')' hostile
";lIlC,'
of , h,'
S,o""."
Sj'~~
~
~-"
It, 10'. 16 11 .
k m .l_lO.
1981. 17\),
''''
th e)" IL,d 3flLm><rl il to l>< a body. Sioc" lim e i. 00..;0,,<1\' 11<>1 "
hody, the ' poutallcou, Stoic rca ctioll i" 'he tir>, l~.t' would I", to
,ha,
....jrtl ,he ~ I ~a
,;me exi",. ;,,,1.,,<1 '" neg"" ;1 "h<>gelh,", flu,
thi. i, .df.<kr.,~,i"g, too. ,,;nee it nm,
to 'he p,,,~,j,... hUma"
e"l",rienox , or " cI10de a''''renc" of time.
k3>"
'n", Stoic. ...,ked 'he pmbl<", by e<>ncc<lmg tht cxi"cr'~c of four
<iJ\oo'l~,rcal". I~""d.,.. time " ~p<No.;\. '1,"<0 (0 l,""",' . ~II ""1'n:.,jOb ,0
0.",1 'he l-oid '" "'''';''').'' h i. "I'I~"~'" thougb ,hat
in ,I,, SIO;" phiJlOph~. ~nd ifS m~lcri.(jsm, the term ';"<011'0,,,.1'
i, " cau"" of cmbarno. .. m<nt . On the u,h"r IL,nd, a f""hcr all ""~i,
of tbe 'I"c"ion of time could ""u>c fimhcr perplexity. Th;, ;, .... hat
Ihey sough' 10 ,",,,de. To 'hem time 10 .. al"'''}~ remained a 'some
th i"g' It' ', which ,mll,l, l><,wetn t><iug a nd non.heu ,g, in a ",,,te
w'"''''''
a,
,-,,,bv
"e"" not ",g-~"dc-d a. /Iv". 1~'lo'" ,h"m, (b~ o,,"w. nothing> "e....
,,'e'e <Mc'""tio", "" ..";"",,,). Ti,o<" t".Io,,!:> to ,10" ".-<0,,<1 ra"k of
,"~Iity"" A"<J,h~r dii",,'ivn "f dcgrc... of ",~I it) i, bct"' " \<o'h", i,
~f(," " ,I><i"i1lg) "Old "I"" is "" lx-illg). The i,mnCT
".6
>C<"1n, ,,,
"0'_
I"<"<pood to
(:IOl1lcthu,II'>."'
This is "'h) l'mclus ~ccura(d)' 00..-" ..... ,10,,( ID" Stoic COUC'l" ;O"
vf tim ~ ""'" far to<, dilr~rc<" from that vf ~;thcr ,h, 1'\;'",,, .. (. or ,I><
l\'riP""'ti,.. . To SI0"". 'wrtl ;"g '0 prod~ .. -tim., ,,~, on,' of "'h" ,
th oy eall.d 'h" ;ocorpo,...al which arc ,1<'1),,,,,1 by ,horn a. i""eti.'.
and Tl'" being. "",I c:u"ing on/)' Ul bM'" O1 io<I "."
I'"h "I...-en '" <he S<oi< ohwghc .... ,,.. ""' .... ,"'" of
' ''1"""""," s, [ _ I'< S. ]I. lOO,
" Cf. SI '," 11. Ill. Ifr, n, 166, f 10: So.", f.rnpiric ... , -""'.H,'
'- '"
X . ~16 , efj ..l!. R",. Of. ~i, Ch. 9, ...... 1'-",!o..Ie 1''''1''<>-' "I" ...... ""!<>L~",,
oo.~ ;"""1"'<<1.-. ;!' J"'",.,. 8'"";<'h~it I.), I~, """"" ~ ""'...... P.ri,. 1918),
Cf k, ~ .,. "'-. p. n
~ SI'I', 11. 1"".' 10. in &- """i", ", .. ro,'-K, ~
~, "'~"... "'"""",,'0' '''' l"';"'" " 11).;,.... 0:.... '" w.; "" !,..... i>oUAnfl,w
" ...... ,.,;; 11",."""", ..,)J,oI. 01 ph ,<" ni""",,... '''',..
f<l
SI1'.
-If...,,. .. ",.
"""<n<I.,,,
'"'
bc,,,,,,,,"
"",.1),
.. SI',: n, 1&1.27,
..
Sj'~:
~ sr~:
" s,',:
..
s!'~:
"'"
"pillion
,h."
"nt"I"!,<ical 'l "alniC>." It w"uld thell be no. ,,;1110,,' ,';'!.Iuc to pro, ...1, ><>me r,,,d,", daoo"";",,. so ,hal nO d"ul>l ,hQ"ld """ ",
Tl.., 'he S.oic. "K~nkd lime ~, on incorporeal ,,'hich 'cxi""d j"
thollgh" (<i"u,.W fQV .y,;"""~"",,,
"
""po".
,ho,
,'Vat '"
'Ill.
'Ille '"
"
j""
,,,It
J""" ,-00,.
"""'P''''.!'' ./'" _, of
p. 73"
'; ..,.
"""u,
201
...,
. 8'
fo.~''' I_''
C',-e1" _
\0'
'0
m . 1- 8.
l!O(), ,3 I~ ,
~
~
" 'F,
\ ", n"ld"hmkk. I, .~ _
R1t .,. "'-. p. 261,
SIr.
[J,
n.
.. " n ON ..
'1-.p,
'~ J ."
~02
"(0'
""wc
)''''',,''
'0
n!'8,~; IV .~ -',
F--'>, (11.7.13.
"" F-,>, (11. 7_3.
203
,'",0 of ,he Soul "<Jl",i"iug of "I'cnl",ing motkm, from " ..... 'ph"",
of Iif. to """,iIM-'.'" Ikyoud aU these. h"weHr. the n ... in ontologi.
cal ,Iefu'hioo, of time in 110,;n\" ;, ,b.t ti,n. prol'e' "' lift.
"I'Pro""hing tbe -",<o"d ami r,,,, "c,,""'c, !:I.C. i[ ".' ~ l!"'"cF.1
'ymptom of the "'" t" ,...,k rd"gt: ill ",le<tici;m. ma inl), from I~ .t".
Arutot l, , " d the ~toico. Thio h~I'I>Clle,1 "'th 'he 'I"CShOU of time ,
too. In thinkc", ",ch iL' Don,e",Jo:.< (of the " Iiddle Aca<lc,uy. I',,,,,,,ti.,,
ami I'""itloo;",. there i, an "PP"""o' ""le<tid'm nnd .ynct<:t;,m 00
.he q ,,,,,,uon of ,;m,. On .10" oth"r h:'nd. S.X"" t:mpiricu' <k,,j
Of". I~""'I)' of argumeu", in o.der to pr""" th" "",,,.Iitl' ~vu.""",,
,~ of ,ime. '.. It "''''" die era ", he ll tbe h;'toric..1 l>cri(~1 ,)[ .aeutiflC
i"",iraoon a",1 rule, had nUl 0"'. nn,l the blo,n hu",,,,, ooi", "'",,
"'" for i'.o.uW/gt. hu, for ... /mtum. ""
Wi~,iJl 'hi' COt"""'. <I.... Gno.,ic .,ti,utk ,<""anI:< I'me ;. i'''pin"<l
'''" h tll< d<."ire to attain '0 ,.;iontifrc knn"'I,~ of it, b." tn be
Cll""lciIK"",1 froul it . III "mc " i th their o,-.:mU h""iI< ""iUK!e toward.
'he ,,otId. ,, hkh thq' rt"gankd '" ...i l. they ... ek ,,,h-a,ion . not '"
I'me, I ~"-""," tim ... K"gomolg ~l. t,.;"~ - ;" - Ih,, - "orld a,. f.1[," stale
tro", al' origh,aJ .. ate "f frffdOOl. , bdr aui ",,!.: '0 ti",~ " i'''l'i","<I
by the n"Slalgia of a Iv" ff<,,-dvm _ 11,")' d.te" tirn, .nd ...,ok W
"'ann- it, ";IICC tw, i ""caD> r"r their beiog ill <1",,<1')- .ml ""n'i
",dc.' " So 'heir "n<kne),;, '0 al1",d it and den)' it"' " 'lie' or. '"
le" ... to ''''''''';1. Tb~ Gn""ic ,"';nd i, '1)'''1: to e",ape the ",,..Idl)'
",alit) ,hr,,"gh m)'m<~ogical Ihough'- It, ,hi, thoug ht. a1<'mp'" " I,
i,) and kmpomli,) Ofe mingled ,,>gether. "-' th,' Gn",,;,; [ri,,, ">
adli"w a 1'""",",,1 ' rc.LlIT""tio,, ' "rod 'I"'"<c,ion ' , Llot through a
prote", in time. bLl t rather throuw' " ",,)-.tic eXI>Cncocc.
!k"de ,hi> ,,,,,,ji,ioo 0",,,,,1;,. ,I", ",neg;"c"<l r;""k ,ie,,". as "'cU
a. tl.., G nO>1ic o,,~) ma" " ... , the R i h~cal ~tti",dc . Whether a "",,,it...
m"",iom Hebraic c<)'lC'l~iol1 of time aC1L"'Uy ..i"",1. (lr not, i, "'IUO>1"," .,I,ich I k.,. moot for th< time b<;; ng. Wh", <xi",'<i 'hoHgh
w." 'he i"t<",e or;"utatiou ",,,'.rd. the fut Ll re ami 'he expoc .."iou
tor r"lfillm~'" ofth~ di,;n. prom;"" . ", ,mte,I; " the Old Te'tan,e", .
.'
,Ad
" , -.>W!' JO
n""
""""'I)"
."lIJ"-'
""""'''''!!'
"."""J
_"P.<1 """
''''l'
"'IJ'
>.1""'.1.,,,,,,,,,<1
'"'I
"''I'
"' ,'41 PI""" . ,," 0to.i ''''~'I,lo<ol ''l d ~ ...~,~ '''1' 'IQ P""" ~'CO\
'll,!,P'!P"! ,,~ ,P. ~,,!ur!~ U~,!.>d,U'" "' !'~-"'<l t\l~, U :J.>q'""u 'Q .;~,"
""'0 " ! 4'~'" '1"~1' "P-"D ~'II 'P! LI ,., <\L o!,.,n!> >q ' II~ l"'~ 11R"" JO I~l
'&IO,1";W) ",,,,,,,,d 11" '",,,,{,k><"I" I,1 "~ lIodn 'PlLO, 0, ""o.'~"P"~
"1 'Plop' ,n ~'o." ~ 'SY"'O 'I{I ,.,..;;y ~>O." '''''''{wo> "q ,,' ~""\
"'I' 00 ;'" 0, p~,! "4 Il~ "
JO~ ""''' JO "''''', I"""''''{ ~I'' ,,~ ,~
1'>pJ~ '><1 '. ''"!'".I.JO lL~"""" '!'I' PI""J >"'''''''"'1 ",""",.. OU "0
"'!'
,,;.':"1'
'0"
,''''''
1'''''
;>d,;"'ru"1 "I' "! " '" '{' ~UI,!' IHI" <1nl' ~ "" .11" '1'" ;;J. 04"
=4' JO IloL"""d "" ~L{I " ~'I " "4,1. ',\."-,&,,,, '''O!''''n~J ~" ~\I "(P
JO 'UV!'O'" ('!JOIlur." Y' '''O!IOU '''{1 .... n l. ~rl 'P!'l" )
'! L~ 'l'
~U! I '.J '> 'LL Jljuctp '! "'01' JoU "W'U IOU '""'I' ""L.I. .~~,~ tl:!I\W 'I '
""(I
.,.w'"
....."'~, "'-"" ''''{I "01'''11' ,'!, 110 p""'yq LJo ..""rlw, ""':J.Jf'lo,
""I .". ""U I"Joo.l(U~l ~ l'K'q~ 'UO~"" ~4' n~ ,~"'~ J~'" JO ~"I" ''1'
1'i>4dn 4," "(!"V ~L I Ol l 'I'I",,,,,d\ ''''!'~.L ..... " (J""d>.n<~ JlLL
'~'h~! J~I''',!lJ'~1 "1'1' "0
1I~1I!,() P'4J~>.J 'P!4" "'!J'P"'I ~ JO ~ v"'k 0' ~U !"wn .,""~'u " !
p~,"~J' "~." LJ "''' ",.~)Jd , ~' " JO uo!,,> ,, h "'I' 'J""",'>O I I ' ,,','w~'''.L
'I.'", "'I' 'I"" 1'.>.11,,[,"" ~,nldu"" '1"(11 Jj,,!U~.UJ .'1' 1~1J' 'n""
.~i"" " ~I'\l .Llp lOo'J.li" Oj 'ill"OOOJ" .~~\]nlC ,un >.In'''J .'LI' '1"c,..,oo
~ II
I'~"""'! P
""
~,u.""'O
'"
205
Thi, . I",""""". ;" =,e.tly th. 0\1>o';t.: "f ",ha, Ta,ian act\L'U)' ,10:.><
For it to tbo: 'phe""""ona!;,,tic' and "Uhjtttili"ic' concqnion of time
tha, Ta';"" co"'"p",o",I}, ..dIU' ''' .....g:'''hng i, a' an ilh,,;on. TI~
,'ic,," hrill!ro T~ti:." cl".., enough IQ ,I,.. ,\,;'''otciWll Alc ...,,<!,, of
Aphro,;,i" (ft _ <. 205 ,\,1)_ ",ho held thal 'he 'gmc"" ion' of ",I""
;, ""Ue.-! 'im,n,,,' '" in ,be min<!. ,,'
With ",ren:11C< to time , th e 'enu 6,oo"l~" h.d ab", l><:e11 Lt""] by
l\,henagor" , ,, ' Tm, t"rm ;, ibu"d in 'he e.pr=;Ob '''Glial .. "".
,ion, of ,i",e ' t""""p,,,_ xr><'wo~ 5'''b,~~,,,, ,~I. "' I\u' il is doublf,,1
,,-h~th<r ,hi . L'Ou" i""", an ou'right S'oic intlu<oe. . '" [ .~uc
prcocutl)'. m.re u'"'go ,A" tit.. 'erm 6.o'''''IJI'' al,)O" i. no' ,,,Hicicnt
tor 'he ..,Umt";O" of Stoic in/lue"c< .0 be ground ..! ""lidly. The,."
;" nothing ,,"ally "."nh ",emiODiug whic h A'h'n.~g<>o"'''' did ,,,,,,,,,,1,
f"r",ub';on or ~ co"co'e'~ Chri";.,, , .;"". of lim". III his da)' 'he""
,,""-, ,~,f"'i 'cl)' "" ...,phi"ic~">1 <un".",iot,
",h;',h Or i!>"n
ini,iated li'n- on.
Th, ,-ari'gation On , it i, que"j"" durilt g ,ha, earl)' period of
f:bri:s,i;",i1), can 1><' bene. l'Oi",",1 000" ,llJ'Oough <I", ""d) of abo
"",o<l,er f:hru,;",,' " 'ri,"r:
i, i, O1J) Ta,i.'''' bri"f "" " 'm,'n' " 'hich hs <Jlj"p,d "'u"h ."emion am,"l~ "hob",. S,ill ,I",r.
i, aDOther ,~'" ,,hieh. a, fi" a, i KU"" .., ha, I><cu neglectrd hj,h
""''''1'''''1)' to A,hell/l.gord', I" ~
er,,,. I "'fer to J u!litt . ",ho
,,-or. l'"rl'o.,,,1 '0 r~f",. ..."'0 "i""'~ of Ari"OlI~. I". r, .... ' lW''''
Ari,""<lian p,... gco ."d ' hen Wlt<-', hi, 0""" a'l(l,mcn" ag~i'", oh"".
,\, " numocr of 1'00"'" ' he rC'''kr can .,'" 11"", oJthoug h .I usti" .-.jo.-n,
",naiu Ari",-"d i,n ,;c.,,. (.Hch a, l><"gin ningt ..... """ and iufmi'y of
time). he remain. ""ha f.tithful '0 the Ari",,,dian ,;'''' of time ""
a ""mlx,. of
,,,,,it """.
w""
mo,,,,,,,'"
of ,\ph<>""""-
Zi"'n~. ",~
inlIu<,..-, u,""
19" ,
1..,,,,
_.oUiIio
So.
J"""""
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Tk
6.~2,
~brtjT,
."'.....,p"
C.
15HC.
I'G 6.15251f
'1 hu
I "'" <IOw goiug to """ " 'k" Origt:lI h'" in tht [, "', pkt<e 'ru,d to
" ren.wo
"mplu)'~d ,he fond.>mc,,,,,1 <,,,I)' S'oic l><o'C<l"'o"
of ,im, a, """'..... fo,mulg hi, O,,'n ,->c" ill Ij n~ ,,'i,io lu, ""crall
th .ological p,i"cipl... In cloing so. h, ,deC1.d fmm !h, ' SlOic phi.
I(()phr wl"",~", ;ccm,od '0 him a, hdpillg '0 'ho 'q>,,,.,,nt"'ioll
or hi, 0",, idea of tinlC. l\ncrthcb>. bc)'ond "-h,,,,,-,, migh' be
....g:"'1ed of St,,;C origi". T ,hall "rgue ,hat the,... ;, " 1l1l~lue ro~
tril~, 'ion of Origt:n him""lf 1""-..o:J.s th,' f""n.tion of" .... d>Call) n",..
CO rl COP' of'ime . T h" " .'" "c'HaIl)' a f.'. t ,,hioh had a cl",i';,." ,,' ill
no' .dll ",,-kdgcd a, y~' impllC., ()Il 'he C hn.tian ",;'c'> of lh<
rCD,,,,i,,, ru'n him,
" b n:a"'n.~Lle '0 a"wlle !hat Oril<"ll "". ""'are of ,be S,oic
t "'~U""'n of t;m,' ""d It.. cri'>c;'m "I:',i,,,( it. Thi, """ l><: ga'h~red
not <Jnly flVm hi, genc,,"Il)' ac.kno"kdg<d "n~!itio n. tH" also from
hi. p,oti)ulld l nowlcdgc of mc Stoic (io(,ught a ""o,.,-Iedgc which
",llJd, ou' in hi, Coot.-o c,!sum.. Still timc i, a ,ul!ioc, UP"" wbicb b~
,oud"" only ocrMiouaUy. H< ",a; nOt im".-e.,ed in con'f>O,ing ~"y
tu! It "-.-all",, Oil ,[me prupcr. Th" a .tu,l) of lu, "" ,;'" " -od< (por_
ticula.-ly 'hat I'""",,,,'ed in the Grod: o,igillal ,<x, ",,,,,ab he""",1
douh, tha, It< d~1 lo"",,[;,,c " ec"aiu couc"I'("'" of hi> 0"'-". ' l1,i ,
i> co " "~"~)' pn:o<", i" I'; ",in: 'h<~. i",l",ing ,Iu, """,,,,iaUy
nnd d"<fTtoj"ahl).
Oti!:,," "",'" Sl<:Mci.sm '" 0\" tu"" ,d." 11.. I'h;l...o)plo). ,,' ""l'n..... d
hy ~h"",,, ,\ ",ei iu., <li,pt..)~ ,}' ml'(om, of <leg< "" ..... ,,'" "'1(1 Sl~k
,,,,,"c . TI~" b<- w,", well acq""i,,'cd ",i,h early S,,,ici,,n wa> his ~(""n
"'!!". For h< w.." "w.u~ ofthc ,,1,,* hiioori<,al
aud. l"nicuLlr/y.
'h e ',,olu,io" of ~k"" " 'hieb h"d ..,<""",all), l('d ,Iu, philo.ol'b) ' 0
" n,,, n~ ounUl bl~ 'I "" n<l:,,)'_
A, 1 haw pointcd OU', (he [<nu .!"';""lPu .10'1<' in " n ... ,,.
phra-'<nlogy i, not .uHicic n( gl'm",,1 '0 ... abl;'h S)ic inlh,cnc~ . I'hi,
would be "'er<: iudimtion ,,hicb ucro; '0 bc bll """",d "p ,,'i,h
.x,.",
p"'"''''''
207
m"", ""lid ,,;d ., . J maU a<ld".e thi, c,;"knce in d u" <""r><:. [n
the fir-t place ,bough , 'he "'!:IIe,,;on thm time i, he ld to be a lind
of exte.";,,,, i, 'M,I" by Oril(l'n bi,n ,df. lu l"OtHf..,t. I,, """cr u''''
,,',rn, "hieh ~~,."
""old Iw rc",ini","ent of ,;, her th, I~,''''n;,'
or tbe ,\ri "", d ian 1",,,,cl't;,,,, . T im e i, .".... and)" ",,,,,,,:led .. a li.,d
of '.,InI"""
la'''''I1)~"t
I k '1>Cal<> of 'tlti, 'C11lI>Or,,1 a,n,,;o,, ' W {p<>V' .'" ,,,,,m /i""'l1)IIa ,"
ami the tem poral e~,~",ion il5l:lf' 1...~t6 M to ~p<>V'~b-o 5,6:",~~",. ,,'
Li ~ c,,- i .. , (q~()"ng ~nd .~ p b inj ng , .... p."'~ bI, in M~", 20. I 16'
,he", i, n;kr~nc" to '<x,~,, ';un. 16((,(("~p<",, l.>ct.,,-ecn th e third the
sixth and
uintb bour', .. , ",ell .. , 11 'c~'C,,-'liOD' Ii,o-,~~a)
th~ li me of M""" \ultil the time of J"'''' Chri ". '" In the .ame ",-'ork,
he
on ,h. deeper ,ocaning oftbe orriptum! ', h",e eq ual exn,
';on, (, pin i<m 3 ,,,,,,,~~a,,, Ibc~"'c"nJ ' he third ao<1 ''''\.h ~(\d oi"th
h"ur": abu, " f th e '"",.I!er """,,,",,. ' (u..u" ...... Ii,,,,,,~~,,) b"''''<"n thc
.b'<nth and ,,,'dr,h bour; ~ n d of the '<x,.",ion Ii L <i,,"l~ fwm , h.
d""-,, llDlil 'he third boil c'. ,., ,\ cco,d'"gl)" 'he 'e~'e",i o" of one ,b)"
,h.
f"""
,tilt""
he .-dlrt'" 01\ scri1>,ur.1 temporol ,erm, CQn.id<ri ng them .. p'",a'l; alludi"g to ""ual
"crnpo",1 ='cu,jo", (~""" ..,;,. Ii'''''''l~<i ,.", on It ,. al'l"".",ly OD
""<Om" of ,ime rtg;lnJ.d a, n"n,;oH , <hat hID" ',, lif< ;, .tated '"
a ltiod of
00.>; " 'thi, lif,' i, a ,(W/ " 'birb i, ,,,,I kc~! ~) ~1I ",e'"
(~ N.P Q ~(oo;, t.b . " .. "'''' ""a~"'" ."rv&<wp.....,." '" I" th e
", mc ""in, th,,,, i, ,,,feft'nee 10 '~riI of timc' (j;ij,'oo; X"u'Qu ','"
I" compliance ,,;,h ,hi> w"'''I'';o" of t;mr a< ex .. ,,";on, hum ao
.ction i11 ti rue ;, rc8ord.d '" "
of ",liki ng. 'n"", i cOm,
,ucm abo,,, those ,,-1.0 '<Ii<l (10' k '"jk lb~ k''I1 n,,;' oug h' '0, nor did
th~; earr)" ou' th,' "wko ,he) ough [ to' "Vt-r N.~ ~~
""""iU\'
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"""le
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,. 110/. AI "'~
"rn, .<",...........
" .urn
of CI,~,. ~, .. to
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, _ I f " " ! 5. H.
,~
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to ,,~),
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I'C 17,61 .
""
~'P"'''''t11'''V
t"'"
to the I'assag<! of John I, I ') " ,I.,. b<-g,,, n'ng ,,~, ' he l.<lg"s ('Ev
ap(ii ~" b .\&y.:.;."" \l'h, ., 'he a nalpi. come.. '0 ' h~ meaning of
apl~ '" ~,
One m""" ;"g ",re...." chAnge.nd ,hi, J."-"'""Iin., ., i. " .....-e, '0' tOa.<i
. ,od kngt/1 "',"ch ~ <ic<:lAr1 by "'" &tipou",; "The bcgio,u"g
"a
good l'Qiod i, !U do ju"ko'. ' " Foo-..:r.c., 'good """ I' i. 00"" ~''''
;T >houId t... ou. l< .... ood ,10 .. P""'''_ "hid. i, 1'"""",,,,1 i>y d", I'I,r~..
'to ,10 ju ,tic< " .-..L>t<> 10 ,he in;,i., n."", n , .nd ",,,,,,,,,, I""" ;Q" Ird."" 1
'0 lOOs<- ,b. , follow. I ,Iun' it. ~ ",,,I ~ is u, ,b" oo-r. 1k<1
=tor.tion I.. e.""," ~'''': is "0 VU" ,,"en' ), Idt a1 ~,." ti'n", if i",k1
,I" ".",,,,,,00 bold> 1rue 'Fur h" ""'" mgo ""Iii )", L", pu, all hi>
.,,,,m;,,, und",. I.. r..." ,\0,1 'h" 14>1 e,,,,,,,;, tt) I", <ieoIroy,,)" ,"'ath.''''
For to <4at """ 11""" "'ho loo", """"" to Goo 1>:au,," of 'he l-",!,os
"'hid, ~ i. "ith him' >1 ~' ilI h.w" rot,,<ulpi.>,ioo of G<od .. th<i, ""d,,
~". ><ti,it). th ... b.,ing I""," .ccu""d) form,d' " in 110< """,kdlP'
of 11", ~'. Ii "", 'hq mo) .11 thu> b<><:otne a""., .lloce """ <I", Soo
,~
.-11... 17,
~, .
,~
1 c..-. I~, ~~ .
Cl,lOOn I. I.
G.I, " 19.
'" er
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>loo .. h." kn('..... ,ne F ..",,., Fo< if "",OOOn,' """uld di1igo, ,,I)- ..... ,,_
i,,"
it ;,
,1."", ,h;oll ~"",. oh, h'h" IQ "10",,, 'k So" ",loo
Iw., kIlo",,, tloo htll'" n".,.,,", hi,,,. and ,10"0'101 ..-< tto .. the onc ",1>0
"*'"
,ha,
"= _, >cc. 11"'-"1gh a sW., <1",IJ(,''' "",, )'C' h~'i"8 1;n""'"D '"" h<
10 k1oo","; '" I.. "'''''-", 1>.. rigl,' in "'ying 110., 00 OIIe I.... 010"'"-,,
the
,-~-en if be be an "I"",Le or
it "ill CQo"e t"
""gb'
P.,,!te,
1""1'"',''' hu'
PC'" K""""" ' hey bc<""", ooc" r~"'l Son "",I 'he r~th<r aT< <lOo.'"
Bu t if "nY'-"'" .a...uJ(1 d.i,,~ ""', '" h.." <llgre""'" by ckriJ}ing 011<
l1I<oniO~ of 'bcgiJUUJlg' ,,,,0:1 Dlaking ,b"", "'mart ......, IOU>' ,1\<"" ,I",
'h" ,1i,Q ch, ,,,'" """"""') ...1 usd'uI !Or
~1Ucb;, lO I~ ' ""'1'1.i, ... L
Fo< ir 'hewnni", h." to <10 "i,h <10.,,11" .ncl """- a,,,1 kntrA ,,,,d
Th< beginning or. """,I.o;>d;, to doj'"'1icc" " it ;'I"";bk." I",,.,,
"'-<'ry !!,,,,,I ,,-,,,,I 10", >011><""'" d...i o~ ju,tice' . . . be~Ol\ll l g
..., qfIn IJr. .".."iot, """'''~'''!;OI' . .,od in ",I,a' "..,,,,,.,, ;T ha. ,-"".
kmpL"ioo. ' ..
,I.",
t1,.,
I" [hi; P"''''gc Origc" p"",ides Ius ,ie" of the [cmpo,.l m"aoi"8
of oif'l~, a. '""ginn ing'_ IVh., i, m,,'e, he "llude.
'h~ row," d'
of tim < it><:lf. os he dtad )' imJl~'" ,h~, 'hi> ltmponoJ '",ad' i. tlot
wa)' aim,!! "'bid, "" i011.>I ""'.>tu""'" ",ill 'walk' .,,;'-i,'!! "",,,,,Is ..
The ""'1'10)'"'''''' of 'hi' f~u-", of 'I"""d , "<m'SI' [jn'" '0 bo- ao
ex,"" , ion. ID ,Iu, = pcn, i, is 001 aee ~ie,,",i ~,., time ;",If i, llk""c-d
to "' "", d '" a letlgth_ ' \h h"ugh ,I'e tenn t" h~ expl. itoc-d at ,hi.
I~)i,,' i ',ml>Ontl Oil<" I,," md\", b<giMini, ,10< tex' i. f,,1I (/: ,poJitJi
n01iom. by Ille.'''' of ,, h;" h time;" figurtd ..
Tbe " of
,he",' 1"""';;'1" d"moo""'~,", mal .,.h"""",, Orig" " ",r.." 10 'Ull " or
alh'Qe' ' " it hy ,,,,,on, of f'<'rtillCll [ exp",";o", he "1..... )< i",im",,"",
i[
kind of ~-"1<''''~''' . I "")' ~ kittd of ex" ",;" ", Ix"""", he i, ,w
, ,,, iT<1-,' C""'~OI ,,;,11 'h e ",ag<' of ,h< '~rm "'en.io ,, f6uiof1)pQ
alone; or. , le,"'. he doN- om "'cl th' "'e'" " "p loy"' o'" of 'h;"
",nn ca" f" 11)' n']> ,,'s<' " ' his I"'rc<"]~ ion of tin"'. F,,< "', hoogh c~I""
,io" i, i.,<It.-cl an """ntiaJ <k~"iOOll "f ""Ita! 'ime 1"01"" i" ,h i, in
"0 "-OIl' c" n he rc~,,,d"'l a. an <x1~tLJ "i,'e acwn ,lI of 'he '11I<"i'''L
'0
"U
"""ion.
,.,/MM.
a. "
,~
,~
I'roo.-. 16, 7.
"""'IJooIo, I , .-..",.
".:;.~
,.,;...
~IO
-n,,, dcei,;", i""o\,.ti " " pi"",,,d b) Ori)" " -'" the i'''rOOOlctiQII
"f the .crm C"l'1f(tPf~,,;v<J60, (1" "" .tr~td,~d 0'" oJ""g<-id< "ith
of ti lll e_ T his is a tefm prc~n.~"t with m~a"i"g
"""I wl><"",'"r it" poi"" to time Of wait" 1() indic;,," a ttTtllJOr>l
fo"ow", A P""") j " 'Xfl~ot, reatb .$ folJo,,',:
in
th~ "om~ucl.tu",
By 11>< t<rm ""OIl h< "Xd", tI1< period of I",ow, ti!C, ill ~l< UW"O<'
tI"t Pan] .. )~, " .. ill eat '''' ,,,ut ,11 tI1,. aeon . .., ,hot I " 'ill oot oca_
...", , n' pta';"" t" 1nl' 1"",10,,'," he ,al)",1 are" ,10", ... 10;';10 ;,
"T<'tch<d O"t alollg<id< ..it1o t1o< .tructu,~ of ~i, ],f< '0 ,.0.0 """""""...........""" <ii """t,;"" ' ... ~ o~""i ,,'
h~ "P'O~"
lime is prc,bcat",1
br lh.
the peri()d "f. lifet i",.. , a n app.-.:bcU>i"o wh;';h would h.,'" ",".no. .
T lu. "' "'10)" in the fo,-"gou ,g p;;;o'p, the term. 'enduring' aw~<ii)
... I Cor,
~,
13 .
<I< ..... ;.,.n ofa;';'l;n ,\ri,o ....".~ " "'-"0 ...<h", "... '.,
!..;",,,,, VoiK lpO..... _, ~w.. '''''''''''' ';~"'t(" ; De c../o 27%2~,
." ",r" Mo, pG 1~,I_,
.d,", G,.,.l< 'mo !<.- .""",,- .. ":""",,,ro.-, "hl<h n''' ...... n""", f..........
"""la "",nee of. _
'" """" Drig<n """" ~ "'" "'" ""Y now. """''''''' '''' ',
Uoa' D, "" doe> ",It 0;;" '0) ""'oW" ;.,w.oo., of
~" of till .. prop<'
otI .. , ,ha.. do';""", ...
- _11, .. l~, 6. It, r<fn-, to ,h. 'oLj<-< .. uf
"i_,
""'oK<
,on"""':"""'"
a.""""",,,
of
211
ab,1 '"n:,,, h,," bU' aJOT1go;M "i,h" (ou~""p,~""o~",~.) an: un"
ch"" !(C,, lde .
E",,, th e <C"'I>oral P'''oc''''c it""lf i, indi".t,,d ' Itrough ,he .. me
""~""f'<~" i.,.,e.,\ . l u """"17""". he eXI'(H,nd, hi, Ol'inio " ,h",
'he I A~'" "f G"d i. p,e,",D! in Ik>1h ,be di';l>< " md""ne,. .",1 the
,"1111",,.1 worid. T hi. pn:scT1ce of 'he l..-.go. iD ,i",c is dClw.,1 by
,he ,"<m ovfl"""'"'"('<~" Ir is "ale,1 It"" Cl,";" ";, so 1"""elf,,1
a, t... lo< i",", ible b) " irt"e of hi, divine n,,,'n:.
Ix prc",n, ~ach
Ul(li,;d, .. J "':OD :ond ,,, 1>< ~ l ,,) ,tIT,ch1 ,,,It a~" , gside ..-ith lh< "hole
,,-orid .av" 5 at iiJ..:p <~ ..;,,~'" ",-,~.p<~m...o~ClIo.;;l, th i. i. ",I""
;, .ledan:,1 by ,hoc ' He ha, ;tood ir> th e miill' fyou '."' " Tb, same
p'~diea,~ is u",d ;" an"' ''''' ca"" '" "'eU:
"" m
'0
A, ~I
"b.,, i, i, >aid to b;m toe '0 110< S"" of God] tl1< ,,-...00 -You
I h.." h..got,,,,, ),ou ,oo.y'.'" '0 1,;,,, "00.)' ;, "W")'
~"; [,,,. I" God tl><<< i , no ",,,n;ng
I ,h;nk ,h., ,I".... ;, "" morn
ing ' il lo<', bu, 'h< "111<. >0 '0 "I'<"\; (i.' .,;;' ... fr."". ,d ... h ;, >trctcbc<1
oul alu"g>idt- ,,;,b """~""p.t<Ttiv... ) Iu, uu'-'<gu1teu ,ud om,I<->.
1'6 1, Iif<, ,Iu> .. 11 .. <!.> c.n"d ""J.r. 0" "'h",h 11", S.m b" ,-,"
h.gotten: tor ~"' .... Cot, '-'< ' . ;LI. .. I,..gi""" 'g not .ny d, ) 01'1 .. 1.,,1,,"-
,,<I"
oij,,...
,.!i.k
1, 26 . .-)Mo. 6. XXX_
, ~ .... 2. i . q"""o><! in [",t>. 3. 22,
.b< .. II~, _ I ..... ~I.I ,
... _ ..J ..... 1. XXIX .
,~ /I....w" ..
31.\.
'~ j. !hn
et
"tb, 1. ~- ',
C>rio:<"
/m.
mall )" ""ill\> "'ho a", <""<'<1 '",,"' h)' acl",!,li",n , ,h< I.ogvo. i, called
~ ' h ;" ""'11 Soli'. ill ",rdn to poi", to him wbo alon< i, Ixgonen ily
ah i,..,n:.bIe !!"",",l;"', from God hUII,tlf".'" ]" ,;"w of du ,be
'da~' ",r the 1'.. 1.0 ;, b) 110 '''''~''' a " ''''por..l "",ion: thj, j, si",pJ~
all 3n:>]og}C
ADd yw . 1..... ,1<1 "'" ,b.t "" doy ~~ """ roosid<r ,be ",hol<' oftl", I'~
><u'
"'lUch "' lm,~ "';,~
'0 0" but i, ~ .lIoot . "d COl,
,;,tiog jw.t of. "'".. )<." "itl1 "'"'1""" 10 die !if. of C",I .nd of Clubt
.,., or dw HoIr S"im.' "
""'>,
"ron.
lift,
n()t with all Y di\'ior lwu ,,'h~ .. OC\.. r, In 'he ""lie '''~" the tcm, i.
"",,1 ill order 10 dellote ,, iUH <xi, ,,, ill time. In intM1ln'ting the p""_
"'8' of Paul '~<to,,~ng 1<} 'he ridl(', of hi, grace wb"~;,, h. hath
aoo" ",lcd ,,,,,,,,d u, in ,,11 ,,'isdo.o :lJ\d p""k"' ...'" h,' comme""
a,
f() II,,,,~ :
A"d ~'". ,"" whoi<- n.rh"= of ,11< gr..... "f God, ~'h;"h ",. , al""uldW
'0 11,< o;,i"". ~ f",,,, "" .. ill b"giIHliug 'u 1>< 'uoori,)"d' ~nd
'",',u''''II1'''' ""d i, m.h;p~<d ill d, , ''") 11"" ,illl<, ('ne h.., <lH.'>C
, f()tt$Ood gin ...",,<hf<i "'" aIoog>ide ao:cri"l '" hi, ",,,,.;,, 00' he
I... ~, ,I",m in..,,,, ... h a, I", f.il, <0 do "']",.1 he h.. to dQ.' "
f,,,,,
hcgit"' i n~
,,,<1>
"",...
[h al th e
gr~c.
()fC od i. ''''''tch,cl 0'" along-K!o "ilh' ,h~ ",,rlrl~, omer t() hdp
il t"" .. anb it; ..... 'orotion by i10 0"' " free ,,;U. ,,-, I" d,i,
th,,_
fon:. the Ion .. 'S1""cI..,,1 ,}m ak"'gside ,,;,10' ,ig"ili<' ~. , 1... 010,,';,1 <>f
Co'"",
."""' .. IN
." Cl:ph,
_"<lit.
31.
I, ; 8,
~~ "
... R - , 1_n.
<h. \, pp.
j :Jl)-lQ: 1' 9_
l~.
,~
,~
Col_ 2, 19.
",
~f:';'. ~~9,:l1
,~
10 !hi<
cas<'
-mpor..! "",.ill"g.
" ,\, du, puiru, 'h<
~";''I' of
ti"""
.1.
J..".., .. udt,
'0 !he
<nm"'"
~o.Jou.
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213
G",I" gif" "IX'" er'''''''','' ,,;,h", 'i me_ .\ 1"", 'I""'.if"",II.,.. ,hi. .lI ud""
to .100 nOlion ,IL~' ,loo .. gil\' ",ay bc
upon n ,.,,,iooal IT<3
,ut<" fo' " 1"'''0.:1 of tim" a"d ito
c~'" thi, o<~,,,'e " ~,id !O
h,,-c th_ gif" ",-, ,,h," 0'" .Iong<id< " 'i,h' hi'n), ,,-hik' ~t ... othe .
p"riod of ' im.:
gih, "'" "a' t hc'~, '-'"
<.>f
"" ion.1
C.-c;l' Uf<' o.,-n mcri~...
Th ~, i, i. '/o"'''gb ,/0, 'e'''pond i,uplio"lion oflho 'e,m '>tre,d,ed
0,, \ alongside with tha, Origen co"cb", hi , notio" of the nonl"'r
m~l\e'" kIO,,-. 1 of ' he di" ioc g"'~c" "1"'" en',""", ami, s"bs,'
'l ue,,, I\-, hi, "ie" of ,im" a, a mtJ~ ",hc", " diaicc,ic.1 ,e)",;",n
bc,,,,,,,,, God alKl oreature. takn plA.
The u.ag< of 'h" "'n~ """~",,.-.:rrl,eo(ih,
,,;gtcilir"m Md "'''''n
ingful imt"'""tion. T he ini,i>1 S,oi<: ,~ of '~Im<;"";' ~ot ah..,-" iom:,1.
I.. fo<n'u la,i"S '/)<' Ch""i,,,. eOt' C~p', ho"e'er. du'cc i, fUf1h,' c
",fu" men, and cl.riti,",ti"n of the p.",i,,~n' tenn in,,j,.gr. TI", inl',,_
dueti(~l o[,Lis 'enll cu,sti,u""" colHpre ll<:I"",'C . ,~l cbbor.uc acr01wt
of ,,;MI ,ime P "--'I"" is. II"ha, ;. ""'''. i, po; "" '0 the "I01ion of
lime 10 'p.,<e P1"OP'" "h'.cb, ", one j>OiOl, i, rall<:d -S1run",.. of ch"
,,-orld\. ,'" a man"" of ~ ", ,h<: ,,"f"bl " u,",ll i" 01"<!"" !O poi'" '0 "
p,<<<nee ill ' ime: <' pl. illi ng ' he term "f Paul -, he '~Oll of ,hi,
world" " it i. "",cd oh", ",-hat w,,,,ld be "1 "lc"'1<~~l br thi, "1'''''_
,;on i< 'time whio.:h ;, ",etc hed 0011 ru011G;idc ,,;110 the ' ''''<'Ult: of
lh;" ""odd from ,b,' begi,wing 10 'h e e",I' (ro~ "",,~u"'~"" 'O;o"""
~p<WQ' ' !i 'Q(,'"" ro\o """~Q~ .;. ' <ip~<; ~iIpt , .""" "",,,,,~,u~.,. '"
So il i. OriS"o him",IT "h" m.h-, the in,dlectual di,ti" etion
bcl"'",,n ,imo prop'" aDd th. -,'me.!",.. of ,his "'mid". in ' h" >o m.
w.) 11"" hc di,tingui,hc' I""w~n the timc or I'aul"' lif.,imc f.-om
(he ',,,,,e'ute of lti5 I;J~. ,,. II"kH ,h,""", ,I",i"",io,,, acfuall)' '"881'''
i, '''1 ~1,,(, ..tioJ, tiguri"S ,he -'\1"01"","" QT th e wodd (that i;. 'Pace
p'''pd. 0' th. -"moot" ", of lif., m\\c~.i,"d " pan from tin,,,.
'/'he .igrl iflC~nc. of the in"vdnction <.>f thi, ,~m' can be 1><1Ieo
.kmo,,,,,,,,cd onc, ""IUf"IX'H ';VadJa. i, >crUtiuizeol. i1\ o,d", t,) dic;,
c,.." "ial notiOn> t ha, " ," inh<reo, i~ 'hi' ""d "re con>ciQu,l) denot.,,1.
Th .. "cro did n<>l "xi" i" d .. ,,'.ciU C"",k .'" H",.... ' e. CIH).ippu.
bc<,.".-."
,I..,
'h"""
""CO\,,"
,h.
i,,,
' M >:ph. 2. 2.
, _.,}oil< P. >03.
,~ ,,,_. 10.
,~
~I
,'~rb
..
lau.l), " sexl in ,I", .ul"'e'lur", N'm"n:,-., a",1 ,h .. Su,l.. Lexicon \960
of Om" 10 "I'.c<,. 1 ,h:oJJ argue latr' ~, a' lb is co,,","1" i,..,If. as " ',.]1
a, thc )><rtin"," ,crmilHJlog)' """,,.d ~ I'ror.~md ami du, i~,-.: ,nll""rtC<
"ItOn th,' Chri"", ,, ,,'ritc," of lI,e 1.,,,', cc"',,';''"' ~ n inth",,,",,, ' ....'
aclJ\Owkd~ro_
",'en "''1'''0,1 a. )'''_ Fi N' ,h"'gh 1 '''' '"'' w)~"
i; the con"eptio" of ,ime ,le"011 by 11.. ,,,rm "u"""'p" .,.ei,',,,Q,, ,
'11," .",.1, i, a CO"' I>o" ",1 0''''. co",i,u"g of ~'" "'Om. "VV-, ~"po:i.
he-, ""d ..;vs-a9<>" n.c f,,,t , h",., ~n' prcpo>ilions: ,I", tUUM i, ~
,'~,h. 11'1"" "'~ I",,'c, '10".(0 ... . i, a ,'erh predic. te~ by ,hr.. 1"'1>0_
,i(io''', '11,0 ma, n body of tho 'enn ;, c"rtai nly the \'O, h ,~i." "Q",
wbich meOW! 'to I", ".-etc hed ' OT 'to be '1,cc,,<I'. T he p!l:I>o>i,iou
u",
r.-
...
uu.
Sl"~;
U. In . (( ], i, cl>aro<"";,,.. <Ji!tv'
,,"nn, ,ha>
"'mUnoioty
JoIun '''''
",,,,,I to
hU hod-. of "'" S,.,;"
,m. ;.
II.l..p~ ""
" ".~, rii; .-11"",
,\ru..... QuinoW,,-"",,- I" ,11..... , 2. (7,
'" .11-., 7. :10-,
215
",e~no 'Oll'" 11"" ,
,1<."
..,.m
,,"'ip'.
n,..
f""!"'"""" .,"'"
1."_. "'.
OM
~ <I<no<t<J by the
on the km> _..,~
.. 511'. 11. 165. 1- 9. A,~. ",,'. thM " . l....wt.,., "lOCh I'\oti,,,,, cricK;", the
S'-"<> t;..- ,,~. ",,"ur< IQ <kfin< ~"'the, "'" """".-.M...;e."", ~ '(. ,,, Q< ..... '''.n.
P"'",-,) or ......... '" m.,.;o".
i.lO.
,~ V. ~ .If.... 1. :?<;-), .ptO"",,_ 6' &._;.,0& , '''''''''''~.
'" 511' 11. '65. 10 12.
,Ad
-<i>""" .,....,,"I.J "'l' "! ,uAnd ~ ""!"'" .xw-.u.'P "'l' ....., ... UI '''''0 -"I' q 'f~
l!uop 'f""" _ >OI' '"'I' 'Mfl"'! ~xq~ '''''0 "'I' ") ,o......d ..k .... " 1"'1"'""1'
_.>qI j.(J tHml ''''~ .. ~., '"lI ,~ '''''''''''H T."Z, I ' 1,,' nn,/ ")~ ."
"In"1 1I ' _ . i ...
"lDII '_.1 '"
''''11 "'1l1!1()1d u, '",,,, ""' .... ><j' ul ",""'1. ...."..0 " I"' . l~l' 'puu,'
"ou '''I'l ~'ll ",J.8.)!" , 'P"l'~ -''"tU''J "4' 0, "0" Jlp ~,,' ts-.d a'll w WJ
,n,! , 'JI!." :ro!II""'-" ~uU ~4') ~"!'11' L"n, Q' ~"'J>J ~q :l!"!lpWJl .u
1""I!..t:"~1' <! ~UJ !' I~>II! .~~"U!! ~ y. '! ,!ll' O'~1.1 HI -"""'" JP" !
"""_ lH}""U '!"'''''<P I"!"':'"'' "'I' <u",'u",., PI""" "I' 'P"" Suo.ww
"!'l'
'Ull,
" "!'
'''''!-Ix
"'!I Q,
'\l,,' ""'.....
""'''"'''''l
..
""
~,u.""' O
'"
21 7
"lgK\'"
,,,,,,I:
,,,,,',,,d!
d''''"ro.
'" Ao. dioc....d oln-...J;-. it ~-... , probI<-m 10, """ Soo;n. ~-"'w.. "".... .,.,jd ' "
.oruOd.-.-.-d . . . 1' 0<1)' ... , .... ~u"nly ..-hrtho-, ~ """"" '" "T..ro.d
"";n,' '"
.KIt
,Ad
Xl o'J
'w.'I-
~XJ)<X
'1
.",,~ ~ L .~ ,
' I~ ~
..... ".p",.HlxmfM>
'JO"""ro.;
mm
_uOO ~.IO,) ' '''~q ,lo)')()U ""<>I' \JJQ<>lAI"~""n.n",, nu," .4' In lU ...." {lfl
'''0" ~"'ld,,1t a'I')O UOl1r.,p, 1' "'1' 'lll n01[1 ).)~J 1l I ."1""" ,"t Ol J ,~t(tJd
'(UTlJ" "",,,L"'UQJ I~J<lJojQ"'Q '4' uo ',)!01S >Il' I)l)~ u.~U O "'.)."'~l
1I()!'''l~J LJ !~U'>'
"
Uli;>'
,u!' JO
.'(l""
'."1'''''''-''
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"'I'
'1'""".1'" JI"'"""4
"~'P-"'P J>4U''J '''1'
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'.'il
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219
i\><:lf, <)n Ihe 0110 h,lI<I, " wj <erlain othec l)Ortion, <of hi. work. on
(he other, indic,"" th., time i. bel,i to be " dimnu;"" <of tb, "",rid,
I", 1'0i",00 ""I tb:" ill r;"'ek the ",Tm, 61""'~~" c.lcII ;ion) and lil<i<rnt" .. (dimen,ion haH the ",,1I1e root; aioo. (h,,;, mea n
ing I~", a " inller <o" " cc(io,, : 61""',,"'. dime".~oDi i. dn", itc!)' a
ideatio"al 61<"'fTl"" Ic~'e",;on) aJo. 'l!'idc "hi<b lifc " ",o';Jlg on.
Ik:;i<b, d.... , >O<io<1 of 3"""000.; is ;,,J,effllt ;" tj,,' ",m' ou~ropo'l';""'"
I poin, 0'" 1'''-'-''<'1111)' ill ",b( ion " 'i'h ce,,.i,, co",;dcnl,i"n, "f
J- C.lbhall ,
It ;. oig" ifJCant (ha' Orige n poi"" '0 ( I~, di.;nc li&, (h ...",!!h the
term ali,,;(),,,,, dimemio"le .... 'l1, i, life i, held to bc the pt<".
emj"""t ""e, a .,:'" ~'Iojch ;" ealle.) '1"" I",,,,ailife' \';,,1;<01<0;_.'" The
",me 1<',," i, "",d " t ~"otl ... , poi"t. in "r<k' 10 ;nd;'"I, tl... di,;,,"
lif. a, (he &".1 g,,"~1 of aU cTeatio n. 11,i. i, d,-"<rihed a, 'calm " "d
(~nl<n.ionl<o, life' ';,a,x.xov ' ''' "Ii,,,,,,,,;,,,,, ~~ ,'" '1'10". (he <011
tm>t I><,,.-cc,, 'hc atelllp<>ra! d;,';"e life alld the t~"'I)()r.lJ world"
po,,,,",1 out throuS h 'he term 6~"i<>-r"'.",., T h;, ;" a point ,,'Ilicb
d~' ,,'t-'S 10 I", p'n,,.,,1. I h" ahad) sI'o"'" 11"" 11,.. ra'~'al traIl
,<cnde",'., of God to th e "wld i, ponra)'oo in (erm, of >P"c, " "d
ti",c. Tho ~f, ,)f c"'"";,," ;" cou"""",1 with the di";",, life OH a<co uut
of tb, f,Cl tbat d,e bttcr i. ",.. le>3 aud ti",eI,,, , Wlocll . (loercfolT,
(he di"ine life i, I"'nr,,),1 a. dimem;o ltl""" 0],.;0,,,1)' th;, un~~.,.
Ihe ~h",,"ee of 'I"re ""d tirrw.
Considering lime "-,. Jimm';'" i, (he point ",h ... ", O rigc"-' onto
l"gi",,1 ddi " itOo" of time ." 6,<lot->lI"X " t<noon " ",I u.e "",iol1 "f
~"I(",,(),.; "~,"en,;ool COIl\l:rgt. For one ,hu'g, 'he t"-o ,ern" "'"
",lated to each other OIl lhc groLJ IJII; of philology .1l,1 ~t)'molos)'.
I(
,ho,~d
a.
F_.
"If" "".;.,
,,~,)% ',
c....:.
~20
'0
",n,'
,0
,;/),,,0""''''
a,
5",.,.,,,,,,.
"",,,,.gc,'.
',I""
Ibm",
221
,Io:x.
,"CCOU1", howe'""c.
,hi, "Jgg~" tha, O rige "-, ,.,~".
~")" w.y related to 1\eo~h>to"i 'm. For Oue thi ll/!. he w","
",""11')' P'M' ohl~r ,b,u, l~oW'u'; I,,, wrOl. hi' (0",,,,." 1,,';'" 0" ,h.
P",,'orl), \" ]ICfl;"
""I;"" ~ <li",",.,';oll i. ("",,<I probahl)' .f<)I.Il><l
238 '\']). '" Takillg t'"O "lO CO"", ,I"" ,he
"-en, mmpo..,d
whe " Plo,i",,, wa. r,uher aged. it follow. ,h.t wbeu Orige" ",ad,
,h.,... "'"I<ni",,, 'he
h~,1 no' I>CM' ,",'nuell yet. 1k';!I" . ""wrd
ing '0 I'I00inu,. ti", " wa. not (rc",,,d a. a b,,,,ng "'" of "oll.being,
bul il foll""" d "",,",'n " ",,ICiSI)' "",i"e ".",,,.' "hid, ..... in ',h:.,
'IU;';' lif,,'''' ,,,><I '" ,hi. 'na,urc' ",,>..-e,l ,,"<1 ,ime m<)\"d ,,;,h if' "
Ik"cc. ,imc ",.. emtill/!" 'bo:-fore' tillle, a> i, wen:. 3",1 it "'-as a'
reo, wi,lt ,It< ""roi,) in rcal l>ribg ' an,l ' .J,hougb i, W," IIot )"e!
,imc. 'it \;'-1" qlli" """. ". Ti",,, "'" ,,,,,,le 'a""on~ "g '0 'lte pa,
'<]"1\ of ,,en,i,)". :."d ,.. ib ',.0'-;"1: im"!:,,..L!'
Orig<"'. I'iew of ,ime i. ill
ratlicaUy Mrc", " 1 r,,,m ' ltc
l'l"""ic olle :u f1"~"'r<l, thi, cmeial l>oiDt: to l'luo , ,ime i. ~ mO\
ing i",ag<" <>f ".mi,y. Tlte ,-er.,- term ;", ..... CO,, ""'". lIlat ,;me wa!
e",,1ob,h<:<l in ,h e " -,,,id I,) Ih~ l).-miu<g< "" ,h:., " ren.i" 'Iffitti!"l
ex;"", b<-h.C'<'"" ,hi> world ,,,,<I 11,, ""OTld <>f Ilk.... . ,, "'..... "', imag...
i, the ckrnell ' b) mcaIL' "f which ~ n alTdi.,ion and rc,",mhl"~'e i,
cstahli'h1 ]>C'''CCII Il ere and Ik).'on<l.
Ily corn",,,. Origen', ,i",,' is , bccrl)' contnt)", i, i, exacd)" i" term,
of ' paN" '1nd
,b~1 ~'" ~"hcal ,..hi,m 1.0<'"'.''-''' ,), .. 1",,,,,,.,,<10:,,,
0",1 an<l Ih,' worl<l i, p""r,)..:d. Time
c... bli,h an)" " ffinily
bo" ""'n ,h,' d;"i"c lif, . "d 'he worl<l . On ,h,' rot"car;.. i, i, ,"".... tl )'
in lmn.< ofh,", ,ha, 'he "'<lieal h""n. I><t",,,,,, (",,><I .nd 'he """Id i<
0"
are in
"0
'h"
H"_
fM,,,"
"""">C.
'im.
d." "'"
pOrt~')-cd.
T ),, ... i, '''0'''' ,,'1><,.,... '" l~oli,,,,, ti"'~ ;" lift (of Ih. Soul),''' '"
O rigen i, i, hu' a rvuu,.1 t/crutu, n.mdy, all ,!cm .. n, in !he m"!:c
" I' of 'he """I,\. So. alrLm'gh Orig.Il. life ,,,,, rt"pl..-<i ,,' i,h
of
1'I0,inu" he i. far .....ar from NeQpLJt(.)Il i,m 011 ,hi. I>oint. A, m.... '
,ha,
,~
""rio, 1%<I,
pon.
m"
f""""".
i, co"ld
co "'-~n i c",
Ii,&"""",
,~ Cl 0. .. '" '... - . ;'. A, that poO" PhiIo .''', .ru" ~" ~ '" U.. b..,
proI<.aor; or .... ' or..! phil"..,oI.j-. r", h.. "" ","puung D< _00. l.. ing <!wn ><>""'ring m. '"u""" of <ach ""'" in unfloiling ,,,,,(im';'" ~;(hum , gap D< L..-ok
223
,h."
ere"'o',
,h".,
li,,,,,,,,,,-,,
';""1<>,,,,0.;
""go><)'
,~
r-.-,
"",00-
",,",M. 1.
~21
O';lI"n CQ,,,ide,,, ' ime "" " "<timen.iQn' of 'h~ ...wld and 1n,IV(Iucc' th e ,~nu '"""ched Qu' nIo" gli(lc ".. i,)" """~,,p""r"v"""~
in or<kr 10 P'''''''')' th~ "':';' ,..,1"000 of lW. (h",en,;on m ", hal, hy
ab>'<ac!ioll, I", "~Il, '"01(;1''''' of ,hi, "'-orld' allu(\illg [0 "P"ce p"'p"r,
co"",i,uti", eklll<nl oflhe ,w,id). In doing >0. he aCH!"lly
m hm'c an in"er gra'p of what onl)" ;u 'ho tweu,i<th <c",ur)" "'
mooi,'1 "" .pace-t im<. I cannot know to ..-h~, nton' hc ...-", c(~l _
""iou, aJl(1 had a clear C()~c,ptio~ of th;" .-.:ali,y: "ill, "'.. en if he h.,,1
'lICh " """0"1'100, he """ Id h",'" "~'''cr "xp,-""Kl"d 11"" in " "'p'
antIC "oali>c , r or he ,mphasi-e, tha, hi, )~"po ..: i, 10 cn" ..";', ,,
thcological ,i",,-. , "0' ",><:0;0", on 'lue,,;on. concerning ,," U
f<
r,oo'OM-r';" .'" \\1,ether ",-"'l'enhd"",. he had a dear co",";o", (o~ ,
CClltiun of ,h. ",ality of 'pae,_time or
I eau ,a)" ,ha, h. b,,,1
ao i,,,,,il i,,n of "'al.""
Ik, i<k Ih;". ""'.-cnhd,,,, he hold. th e p,)'ch ol"gic~1 and phon"""
<1lologic.1 ,li,;,iou of ,iDl< in 1'""- 1'.-e<CII' "",\ fllt" n" : he .-efe" to
E',d. 16. 30 ,'ami you h.wt: thn" ';n"" corumill'-"d fomic,.,ioll ami
comown,. as foll",,~: ""tur Ill<: IDre.., ti"",. 0; ,pt" ~~l cornpri ...
,b e ...b"le :t<..,,,",>O, while ,,' ''' '''Ilwr looiw I", "'f~" 10 "\be for", cr
and 'he
a",1 ,he fu,uTe 'h itlg-<"".""
III '''''''''JMn cam""i ll~ 'hr _~glliflea llcc of tCl''''' hc rete,," '0 c.u,_
.. nCe in rdatiou '0 ,bc p"n; of ,i, ,,c. namely to
1''"'''''''' "",I
fown': lb, fo",,,, ,dc", 10 wh,,' ''''ill cxi,,' 10 tJU ,w "'''~,,, ,.'''' h
i, :.I.", qll ilC illdi<;a,i,-. of hi, cOllccplion uf lime"" Iha' he ",fef> to
the "lU "gdoo~ of Goo' "" " 'c"'Hcrnpl:a,;"'n of ,hc I"''' :.co", "-, '""O'lS
m3de' 1" """ ""'" ai.",UIV . ..-hile the flllLm: tim< i< sta'ro "' ""COli'
wbi<h ",ill bc m",I~' (l<'"~"O""'UIV ai';"",..,). T he mct!ning of thi .
'co" ,,'mplation' h", a Mfc",,,, d"'n'C!<" iD ", I ~OO" "i,h<r lO (I". pas,
or '" ,he f",u",: c<'fcrring 10 ,he pa" \,., hich i. ~ I "-"d) 'm~dc',
th i, co ",empla'~)Il Ill,'an. "m<morid (~viu<a, of ,11" 1"'-" a"" n ~ '"
In 'he c"'"' of fu, ur< . ,h i, ol'OL!ki he ""d"",oOO '" a kind of foro_
iwo..-Ilgo oc ,"t;"i!',,,;o,, , 'l1,u, ,i",c i. '"""c,1 not o,J), in ton",
a, a
"""m,
'''It.
1''''''''''
1''''''
'~
u,.
,v. w.
.. (>;;g<"
..Jh, ~_
'" utF-c. 11) "
PG
".;....,..,.
r..""s of __,.,.".'
b)' ""
"m "..",,' er
j3 , ~'3_
... filM., L
I", Cf >111'-'. 9,
'" sd"', '6. I'G lZ,I.H{I,
... uti'>.
1~."", 1
131;., PG
lHI%,
llll,
l Sn.
225
"If",,,,,,;,,,,,
""""I-' or
or
'1"'"-"'."
~26
,h."
I".,
ro,'.
I"""
'1'"'';0'''
tI",
". n.
-.m.~ xuu. Tb< ""' ... n....,", do~ "".""", ~h.-h ....... ol", <"'"'
KO ~ltich ,'uo>;u06ne ~.. . U>dth'<t tu 0rit"" <Iudod H. A...... iD "Aug.,,;.,, u, w>d
II.,,",,*, J~, 19'oO.~. 1 ~"1 .
'" ...."., F_ _ , I, ~l. (I>iM>;. 6i ""; ,. """"".. ""'"...,....,. <ji ~"
~ .00""" ;;,,,,,,,,,,,,,;; .,,,,,, <Op""" . .
' ('-<10' ;, fiu "",1_ ,1", _.... fl..
..".~ ....... ",_<-, """" ~'" ,~.r;,,,,,", 4 ~pu6\otfP'J" l'tfP'J" hi"",,
'""""""'" .... ,;, Iv ; ;.;.a<O<" ~ ....,"'. ~,,,,",,"a .""lIoi... ~,,,,,,. !or
o.w"",".
i..-.,
227
T hen' i. no ,<nn or ",pn,,,,,;"n in th ;, d" finiti on of ' !~,j/', ,,hie.h
ha,. not .lrtnJy bc.-n eOU rlci.l1cd by UrigclL He
thi. defutiti"u
"ot O'"Y ;,t "pi";,. bu, aI,;o ;" kner. ,\ , " "",,r of r"",. b, "'il"",
O";;("n, ''''I',...,..;"n, tlwm,d,',,,'" T h" Ik., il d;,1 no, ",,!~ica '" the
f~c.t ,ha, h;, 'Utnne" " ar< h"l mer< '<1",ti';()Il' of ,i<".. and ~.p",.'
,;,,,,, of hi> """er i, " hi!lOric and >c,iou, ,)111;"";':,,,.
A, thT ",,,,e pmll ' of .hi. ,,-o,k. lla,;! .-goe. tha, the """,em,,"
of " .... doe. ,,01 ib<iieu wh.,' tib," .. hu, ' how "1\I,,h' ,ime ;'.'"
\" ~ "oI"mn I"" id< 'hi' """,;,., of .dNms f:._iom. Call. han 'llIo",,,
a I~.."'ge f'om AUgIl>1;no. C""fosi-u X.23fr 11"1>.;" h< cum.. '0
comp.rt thT two p.=gcl he "-,,,:r'" tha' ,100mb '0 'he definition of
,ime '" ex",;"n '",.."ehed "''' a lottg>i,I~ "ith' iDw.ap<",,,vi>!J"""
5,6.ct~~a l ,\ugu>ti" . w"-' ahle '0 a,..,r .IL" ,ime i! a d;'lmlw, .. . "..,11
a; cl,,", time is some,hing di><;n<' fro m ,h,' mO"""" ,,, of h,,,,..,nlr
b.>Jiu..'" It i, true ,ha, ,h, "~.)' ,< ron <'I!1'6ap"~'ci"'''.
' he
'~>1i"" of 'dimT Il ";o,, . ho,h n.c 1l u..J1y and e.)'" ,ologic:J1y. I" ~,l,li,
tiot,. " ,-""nhd"". a riSen ,,,,,d ,h. "ru, ~'''''f''O''; ... ~lrtady
H,' nr, l\ugu'lo'~ did 0o, h~ ,," to "'ink tIl ud, Oil ,bi. or '0 make
all) ;, J~,....",..,. or disc",,.;.,. 0 ";;;'1'11 h"d aI"""I)' l>Olra),c,1 ~,c fu" ,
,L,menlal p'I'(.p, io". cka'l)' ."d ha<! it",,>Juced 'h~ apP"1lria,.
!C nllo\Olog)'.
I -=od""" Callah"o', p<><itio" tha" "~e" Augu>lo", imroo:lu c," Ih"
!Cm, d"lmM 'I'c. ki og of ,unc. "'k " I,, has U, ",ind is Ih~ "~I'"."
oion "~I'~ap' ...
tji """''''''' ,ov '''''~O,,-l'' ,\ , a m~tt~T ..,f
(,<1. ,>I, ohli'I"" ,..-f,reno<' 10 tim e", dim <ll sio ll i. inh .",n' in the
nl',~,,;oll ""1'~ap'.-.~,,0jJ"" N li,';",q~a i,,,,,lf Tht. io part of the
,..,""'" "h)' thi. crucial 'er", ,h o,,1d be ...igned ' hc importance 11""
i, ",aUy de",,""e' .
110"" ' ''', I d" " 0' cnoo"", C.lbh~,,, ",,,,m l"ion ,I"" ,hi, I"'"
,icllb, Ik)i<H. 'w, COIl" i''' I~' 'Ul i"itu.ne< of I~,,":I " Ikm "n8m,i,,, .
TCJ"'.'"
'"W'''
ob"",,.
m'"""".
.... M .....' ~ ..,,""""""'. " ~ b,oS/t ;,. ~-. ~', ,;~'i"", . """"'"' l"""'"
"MOO;
...\1......... '5.
~"
IS.
"0('
!81 "'''''; G
'.,,,,,,,he<i
lit
QU' . . ",,,
.)().
~28
For ' his .. a nO\io n of Orig""', found I;>",h in I""er "nd in .pirit
oJike , ill the c""".."tary ... Ill< f;pHH- to Ill< f;phnuuu (FT. IX I. "" "cU
a. ;" the t:../>"SI'" " I ......n~"'. 10, 1l.;, i, " 'b", eluded CaJhhan and
,,11 'he o'her ",hula... "'00 ,<pok,- ~b<,,,' 'puI," .nd 'm)~,, ' ry' in ref
"",nee <0 the i"n".no< "1)O n Augu"i,, <'. 'h"o'y of time.
'n"tc i, a IUle of "",gc of ,he cruc;al 'cm, ,,-hieh come. do,,'"
f,o", Origcu '0 J(,b1l uf D.",,,,,,,,,, 11,e teehui".1 ,,,,,.L ll l"'1 0" time
,dtieh Orig~" ;",,,,,Iueed io ,,,,iI)' 10'.0<,01 in all COI1UnlJ()ll' line or
theologian'. from O 'tg.'n him~jr do"'n 10 Jol)l) of O""'_'''~ In mi.
ch.il!, '\"II'",i ",,\ " "l,,,,,,,,ion ,p.iU.m _pori> i, in f.~c' WA,,J.1.t;Q"
of OngCll " "pre"rioll lPOV' ~OI' J,am-'lI"" u>cd. tor ill""",cc liOlI<:<:d
''';<~ , hI the F,,'gmem m7 of me ~Imy ... .lfIllW",.
There ;,
t>oiUl though "'hieh Callahan eOldd nol
It ;,
"'"e d'a' O rig""', o<oording '0 C.Jlaha", lIasil'.1 pc"'eption of ,in ...
<".bt,.! ,\tJgu"in,' to r<l .. o ,imo to ""Y mOlio t'- n"t ;, it co;n<ido;ll'
t.t tt"'t ""ch a pcrc<ptiou of t;me kad. to ,bi, ""lie.1 re."It: Tb<
""',,"er io nO, For ",I"" O rig'" il';1i",",1 lti. OWIl ,i,w of time, he
held a rooc'1" of the " '01,t,1 co" ......1 of ,.,nks or I ;f~, Time, as ,,,,n
". "",Iio>\, ,,'a' l'''fC~i'"<"<l 'Os ex;n;tlg in 1111 of , hem. Thu. be ,1<-<-;se,1
a conceptio n ~f time which can he ,dated nQt j t" t to the m"\'C",.-,,,
of 'he hea,-cul)' 1~~lie. of th< ,-;,;blc finou""cut , or C','CIl 0l!1)' to
mm'eme'" of"hmen:, L' ,,;, ;ble. Ti.m';' rtlal<d ",'', '0 moti"" of
,,'odds "I,ieh "'~ '''01 sec'" (hat ;, .pace< od,cr d>ao ,hi. d",...,dimC'l>;')Ilal ,'i,ihk ol\e "ill th") an: 'materi,.] ', ' I',;, i, "h)" ,h i, tim<
i, rcl..h-d to "".J "''''"'''' "01 jll" 10 d,r 1\\O,'"mr", of 'he "i,ihlc I",",,
rnl)" I~od ; ~.. or of ma, of anything ,;"ihl. , Fo, aU th~ pa";cooia, world.
which <o, "~ri'" tho coti,.,. IOlle ."d .ingle "'0,1,1 art te"'poral, th"}'
a", "'ovit<8 abol lh,,)" are ',,,.,en,.]. jf "t"M of" ""'''''r '<\0, se,,,',' '''
T hi, i, "I,) titn" h", to I... rdated '0 ""Y n""",,, , 'I'hi, i, ~ 1\otiu"
dr_Jy ",b1<'d to ,h. '1"",;,t 1" ''P'on tl ~" -"'-o,kf ha.,
Altho"gh Ongen ofti;",ol in'I~T\.! ,~"m<Tl " "botH timo '" ~ di"",,,_
,iooL he 'OC<.'t"r ooml>O><"<l all ad 10 tret;oc ( ~ l 'he . " hjcct. '111e re .. _
"'It ;, that work> of 'his kibol " ".", ,~,... a)~ O"lJ~le of hi> in1t'"" .
'u.""",.
... \t<>d<m .... "'" ....... uko tl.- I!'""",j ,I ... ,h<: ,h"",- """''''' " m.... of
~',.. of th<u...
"ni,,,,,,. no. oOotr 91' , ;, -u.ol- ,,,,,.
td , 00 'dui< """'ID' , uoo,k<tabj, Kc tIN- ,ill .. k Ong; ~~ do 00-........ d.1ff' tIN"""".J rnuI .. 01' ,h<:;,u.. urn ....... _]' ""'"".Ji'" aD .... , ' .....n,
.od tl>< ,' ~l" ~"",""",t ..,, "_ of "1'" '>Wen' to thit u.r.".,."
",-.Iy
229
Ii,a,,,.-.,,,.
1'",
'0
to " .. ,h., tim.;, "01hi,,~ ", I"" ,b ... :tl, " ,cmion Jis-" "." ",h,, ,;, i< _."
N, I (\0
Imow. It " ,,"Id be 'u" ,
I''';';og if;, "'er< not 'In ",,<u,i,,,, of ,be "-"~ """"' ;"df' "
1'1"" i, "".""
_
.,en,"'"
n'"
Ha,l Orige" afforded :<n ,~]!bci, '""co\"" of lu. ,'ic'" or , ime '"
,lim,'n,;on,'" Augu,,;n,' .",.,1,1 kt,,,,, .. h., ki nd of d;", . " ,iO!, ,i'lI\"
i>. The r" C1 i., h""',,,'H_ tha, he ,,-a, ,,,",hI< '0 compf'tChc!t d ,,!td fol_
low Orige" aU !h< ",.)". Ho"cc he ,",e11l' 10 "'ok rd'ug<: '0 I'o,i",,,<"'teC'ptio " of lhe ",tlure of lime a, 'dime",io,," . It ba, be<n "d",,_
que",J), nrgued ,bm hi, coo ccp''''" of ,ime ,,'a, iufl""""",1 1>)' ,ha,
of J,,,,in,,. '" \1 ) "",," j. ,h :" "-,ch,, d,;", ;, "0' ""j u,til;,-<! 10 ~
ce""in ""~n, _
-rhi, i, a IrdglC iro"l". For al, h""Sh i, "'" Origc" ,,lto made tlte
radical 'm",fon"~,io,,, ~nd i, "'''" he ,,ho ,k,,~letlly ""abli,.",,1 a
,;"" of hm" "miI)' ,wrc~'" f"-'tu .,,)' 1'la'Oflic or ;";wpiatouic
0"..-1 i, ,>0'" pt.c",i 0"";"" o"hodo~ "ccu"'d of Ih'ol\i,,,, ""d
""<'Op"""n;"" .
0" 'he oth .. I",,,d, ,'ug""i " e . u(cu mbe,1 '0 <crl"iu percg>tiou.,
of 110, inu'. Hc <:en";"I)" h.d "', i",..,rurate ",o"'lcdge of crucial
fao-I> of Orig.o', ~>O\'15b" '" hi' """,,\: ''S''u,,, bim tl) ",,\le slt",,-,,'"
for o"e "':'SO" 0' ,,,,,,th"" h,' did no, l'()ml'n'h~"'1 Orig<-n's
'k),i"n !h., time ;s 01/( ~nd ;, i, " n .~tcn,i"n of th e ~" ""rid.
'1'1"",
,.
c..~,_ X] '~_
""'= ......
'" <:t.D',
_'-".I:!""'" J,u, ,\~ d.;t<00:<t '-"'Y "" ,00.,,""" _~ .,-';l>bIo> to hU". " ;, 0 ... , f~ " .. GkIy Ih>' "'"-"""'"'" " U ""l'-'m
fuI oocoun' or Orig<n', " ....... ~ lOCh ..... 'P"""'] throughout hio writing-.
m cr_ R. Sonhj;, T_ ~ "'" '" c.... ,1'1'- j6S/f
m
~30
namdy ,I~" all ~"00,~!I cr~al"r<. ti"" in /hi, ami 0,., ,ime. Uc.. ~,
he i",roduce,l " ,,00"" of ... 'nngdic ,ime"" which he I""i'ed dq><n_
,I,.", on ,he ",",,,aJ """"noen" of 'he ""get ."" Th". the .,.,g.-l" a'e
\"",od as 1>Oi"od IW''''~'n ,im" and , 'cmi'}. 'he lan., mcaning timc
k"nc,... Ttu, idea of ""gt1>1i ne" i, "agt'"' "" h. c.", '''Y nci ,h~r ,hal
'h e,", n1O,'''",en'' ""0 ,ime nor th'" 'he)' ar" '101, Fiu..uy be oottT,,,
10 ... "Ie fi>r 'he \.icv.. ,h" 'h"y arc mw. Y'" of" ki",1 of it> ",,,,, i,
i; a sor, of qua,;.';me. ~ 'lO,ion e",plo)",,1 in o"l,.e '0 pIl ' 'he ange l.
h,,' n'CC" time and 'b" <ti.i,,,, n"hr). ( 0) an)
one "an h"""U~
he~' 'hi!lk ing tha, th"
"f th" ',imo"
mo\"Omen" of ,he
,,,,,I. "f t he au~'CI, "~, ill ""'!Ice, '111il< ["Cmi"iK"'" of I~otilll'" , icw,
of
q""" ion.
"'one of the..., ot..curi,ie' appear iu Orig.n. For '0 him ,h"e ",e
0,,1) ,n.., "a'''' ,,"ilh re"","' '0 ti",,: '1"",,",~li!J. " 'h;,,h i, ' b" ' ''' ',.
of ,h< e,,,i,,, n",1d (In .n ,he ",nk, "f hf., which comp"'" ill; amI
'/"i""b"",..,. apl~icd
the divine lIey"ud. 111<rc i. "" l1ti.~i ll g or
coml''';'''' or ult'nn",~arl . tate be,ween 110.,.., 'wo 'eaJilie', \\' i,h
""pt.,', '0 ,Icis. an,l Io"irh no ."l>sI,,,,ual basis. 1'. I~ ... mal:"" ,b<erm",,,,, ..",,'meD' ,h,,,. i" OriS"'" ,in,, is tI.~ "m,,'~. r"'S,k
moti,~.
mi"di.m TI, i, part>':u!." ",...,;on is ;ronil:; for the ""'"
ccptioD of tunc in O rigc n ;. 'Xi1Lt!J tM opJto.iPk ,,, wh," l'la,. ,,1tc~< .
I" fnct. lI"'il use,1 Origcrt', concrp,ioD (a. well '" hi. tcnnu."IC>g))
io onler to pob:ucici<e ag:,ul>' [.n""m''''. nllO oo",,,,,,i,,,,,1 'h'" '6",,.'
i, i" it",lf '"".,ion . \\1,,,, I'l... d"", h~n' i, '0 ..."ibe 10 Orig' " a
"'''''"1'';'''' whil:h ;, diam"ric-..ll} Opl>o,i'" to ' hc 0'" h, 'cally held .
I think tl~" Augustine", falling into ""'ploy;" g "'''''pl,''",ic pe,_
ccpti"", ;" du" 10 the fact ,hat he "'''' profou "dlr i"Uucuccd I>r
Ongen, hu, I," ,..", "(Juany u" "hk '0 "r~)reda" bolo' deeply a.,,1
'-""' " ti .. tl) the \" 'op]",,,nic "'c,, "f t;n.,. a, dim",,,,,,, tug<11... , ,, ;,h
th e StoLe o"tological ddiniti,m of ,ime .. "",,,,",,, "',,, ,""",formed
h)' tho A!e. andruw. I ,,,..u"''' ,hat th i> i, a"".""" ,,'h y ill c"m,a"
to ,, hm 1~'I~"'rlS u, OrigCll tho p. ych"logical ''J'C<'t ofti",," prn-ail
C""".
,d.,i""
'0
,h.
'0
,.f
... I"
IJ.i. Xll.'6 .
... nu, 'Lc<>rr h..d .......d).
0. c.-; '" _ _ h><o ""I
'-*'''''
'" I 8.,od "
.... "'ocribtoi in .,
tal ma"""",,,.xdot
. "l!'"~
eor.~
~.
p. 13.
Gootts M _
r~
.. 1_ _ .
~.
and lk
1J.i. XU.
231
Q'"~r ,h~
'~ J .
,~
- J__ I. XX'X ,
'~"IP,.
117.
'"
"""
A"~,"""..,1d
ti ..... ........... _ " h>., <h'" .,,-.~. "~ " "",'. """,.
boo ..-.l ",tie"""", Withou< th.m "'">t, ".....,n' _
',,'U,," <;oD h,,~ "'-' m,,,",
inj" ~ Ch" 'Hill of d", ~...... , XL
,~
0;/&, '6;
,~ Th~
<>I""',
""," ' _
'S, "IP"".
2~,
"""'""01
j ......... m
;"'ru<'<b>", ,,"''''"'
., !..
or G""""l' ~iU, A~' .,;,,.. it "-" Orij:<" " ""'"V,' u.., <""'to
.".j , , _ .......
~',l", pf"~'"
.1,,,,,,,,,,,,; {..
,I,
.. ,._,
!ooin'
~" ~. ""
u...,
i, ~
.x-God., """"";'ut.
233
" ' - ;" a
"",J/""
"",,,,ia!
'0
,I<x. ".i"
,~
,~
_ ..J .... 2,
_ ..J .... 2.
"t".
L
Si"""
",.",lUn~
h.>,
1><."
"""~,
<>""" Id"", tl", """". And ,tu,;, " 1,,",,,< "''' l..m
t h~ t~I',,:"iOD
'throllgh ,, hoUl of
Jolw I, 3 ~;. Un'", "ale,1 ill ,he 6"" place, ~\(I is al",'a)~ ""'pl"yed
in 'hc ","'Wnd pl:.c.~.'"
~' m;"n ;, i>un,c... od "p h) .pp"~li"!(
n.js
".'etl
H. "'M 1,., 1e.,,,,,,1 ,,,. ;odlable ..~ I ..... " 1 ,hi"g< of G"I h...;.1",
"'"'''0';" of ,10< I''''' =on,. ",.I of tl". )"... ,.. it> ,h.. ", ""d of the old
d.,.. ~'Iu<b <'"01''''''' tlv",.'"
A, " "otb.r poiln there ;. ,;milar ",feftuce '0 'da)~ of the Reo,,-,'"
"ncl .-]"""h"" , i, i,
It i, good '0 "')" ' h~, 0"" ' hould p~~)"
1.0 Go<J ,lay "f",r (J~y. ,,,,.I to ,iug 1>,""i;iJ'g Ih~ """'" of God in ,t.:
.con <>f ' he ""''''-- . In pvitn or ,hi, I'.<alm (,f lh,;cl ""mdy. 1'. GI,
n I' he ex!,,,",,i<>,,] 'to ,; ng prai,;ug th< '"'''''' of ('""i' i, Llo<lo.-.,<>"d
to he ex'ende,1 (_upt"''''tlv) ",,,il the "ex' ae<>n whe",,,,, ",e exp"'"
,jo" "0 p.-:')' 10 him' ",ftlS 10 d,e lil"e. ,,,,;'-h comprises ,\.,~~. ' ''''''d)"
the ,ime " 'hid> i, cou ntcd .,I<>ng"dc ""pa~ ... po~~ ..", c"crybod{.
Jif. ,time. Thc"'fo,.... a, long a, ","'" i" life le' 'IS pr.). "" th~, ".
1_'0""'" aW" to >ing pmi;ing tl", l~ml< of God in ,he on "f,nu"'"
,,,,,,.,j: ..
-..
... ,.jp"
2. XIV,
;6.
11,.. 15, 31.
~, _
... ",r" 00,
235
So I~< ter", " '.;1' is cmplop,,1 ;n omc, to i'Klicate time ;,,,,If. 10
,he light of 1)0,. i, is pl,i" Ik " ito ",f.".OCf i tl J-O> alooot ,I .. 'd"y
of '" gr"~' ~ tl a"')!l' ' ii<; ,,,;:, ,~).tX""'o~ u;~ ~~'pu.;)'" tb . ,<nn
u;';'" '''I(g<'l' ,<ml"":o) d,w";,,n , I" ,..,.",J'ph i, ;, c"nfo, m.l>ly
aAirrn",1
'he ocnn 'aeon of ,hi, ,,'o,kl" ;",heaoc. "th<- time "'l,icb
;, .,,,,,<lIed QU' aloug;;de ,,-ith t he ' tnJ<:t,lfC of th ;, ,,'orld fro", the
bo'gi""u'g to ~,~ e"d~. AI th,. ,atrl~ po;,,' ,)"" . is '1'1",,,1 '0 ",~ ""le
oc";pt"r~1 P'''"''li'' It.mdj". 11<1.> , I , ~' in order to 1",;IIt o~l th .. t he
ul',e";Ol' ' ,!rn)(Jgh .,.boln hc b,,, m"dc th" ~"~l; may wcU ;"d;
ea'e ,bat tto" aeon. i ""'a"',,,' ~t ~d""a ).yr-,. ttN; aiol><><;,.
I" re!1>cct of ,I~,. he 0[,"',,,",, thm the exp,-.,..ioo of 1',,,,) ;ll G.1.
I. I. tha' he mig hl ,~Ii'.r ,,. fron' I1m P"""Ht ,-viI ~<"{)tI ) tOugh,
bo' t~k"n "' '''!(g<'.li ''g tlo ., t; m, it""lf th., i . the "',il """,,') is a
h" ing ercat","", )-[o"",-er, h~ make. the ca>< dcar ",kh"g pn}mptl y
Ihat ;t ;, .gnin I'aul "'ho 'c.ch",
thi. 'ctc:"urc' ;" nOO , li'ing
OTIC: ill h;, Epi")e to 'he GaL" i ~,,, ;t ;" <><plicill), ,,,,,,,,I ,hat the <1:,)"
..,.., T10I ao i t1l~'" I",ing'.'"
In oomr~" '" ~ I .",~. Annjj",. Ori~" doe. 1101 Iw,"",,,itj 1im~.
Suclt " ,i",,' .."nl> from hi., ",,'emU c"''''''I)1;,,'' of i, . ." "'<ll ." from
Ihc 1"''1-'"'' of hi. thougl\l , I" OIlC eaoc where he scen" to pe,
",nilj: tinw. it ;" o\wi" ", 'hnt he
an "n~ lagy. Tb",;1\ M(]ob
Ihe I'a"age Job, 32. 9 It i, nOt 1\0""" wit" h.we li, ..,,1 kong ,h .. , "'"
" 'i,,.,' is oomm,nte<1 upon"" tOU""..:
tI,.,
,ha,
j"" """
He "')" ~'a ' it i, ,"" .1"....,1). th.>I 00<1)' old noen a", "<;c, bu, ;, "
pu,,;i>I<' '0 ">lon '0 """," 1hing ;mf>O",m ~hile otiU io )",,, h. Fur if
rim< ",>keo
"is<. G",t.!oe. ,Ioi, aU ,he ""''', ,"" m
p.",,1e
Ewn ;Il t b., ca,.,. h"" ..",cr, O";~n 1\;",,10; t",,.,d, t;n,.. i, totall y
diflcTC ,, ' fro1ll t ltat "f ,' lam" Ameli" ..'Ia,ell> I><n",~iie, li1lle
"""do
,a'
ro
"""'fin
piu""".
'"
I""''''''
~y.o,
32
~36
't
ere" ',,".
'''''QI''
CO"",,,",,
'" ,1/-.....,. \ '1, J1 ; I'll, I, VIII. 1; I X, 3$ "",I 31; X . 21; XI. '; XII . $_
~'.H +"''', 11 , 11; VU. I'" IX, 78.
'" .H.!;, ..... V. Il, "' . 1\ I'll. ~~; IX . 19; X. I .
.., .I'm"',., VI I, b1 ....1 et: X, 21.
'" .1I.!b"", V. 3:1; X. ' ) .00 3 ' . XH, 7 . ,od l~,
~, -.11<111, I; . ll,
.. . _ Wo r.... \', 60; _"JoI., 2, XXI\' _
". ~}OII.. 2, X_
... idll.
~!,
~, ~
I , X\'U .
'" .., _ , 16_
'" U, C",""", w ,
COn".u ./_.
p, J3.
237
hdd moltn "" d ,'inwilly "p.~ pr"!,.r) 'Q 1.0<: ,,,,croa'm_ I " <i'h ~c
ca: 'hcre i, "'""tIt~ ,,bicb i; l,.-".i,1 ,.. n 'comp" I"",y' <ternal m,
1",,,i01' of G <><t. Mm",y. "~i,ti"g 1'""" <:\'crl'''I ;ng , CuU",,,,,,, \\'.'
om-.......d \\ ;,h hi, prc'OCcul'",i"" 10 ~,"oid ""~ SJ"' ,i.1 rd"rence "hicll
"-o"ld Ix resard.:d '" a Gr"". 'COIl'am i,, ",io,,'''' of Chn "ia"i'y.
Qui'e iro"ically t ho,,~~," in hi. cllOn he "i,""LOlly followe,I I~",o. ,,-:t~.
of ,hjnki"ll:. 'n~, in 11.10
i. a cen.iu "",joll of Clm,,,ing'
,"'" of ,polee ,,' hett ... C uUmatut 'I)()ke of "'-erl"'ti,,&,'"'' of time.
do". "'" ",.1" <OO",h",, a ."b>tam;al dilfeo'""". It, ,';1)",. <"..so:, th"
."",""_" Qf 1hinking i, ,; n ,,,,Uy 'he same: 1,,",0<) held 1ha1 ' he "orld
i. u" c",.ted .n,1 the Ikmiurgc <imply pu, 0" "riginal ", ,,lIer iu
order. Cullm"TUl "'k'" i, ,h .. , aU Gud (~d ,,',," to pu, a p"""e<i"ing
ti,," iu Older, "'''n.ly 1<) a,~."gc it i",<) '.co,,,'. Plato b. ld tha, ",", .
'er :J,," a)~ cxis,.-.j all d ,he ikmiuoJ'gt" "",.l>Ii,hc"" 'order' and 'cim~'
ill i, . C " nmam, cb i"" th'l time alll "Y' c",,,cd all" Gud ."al>li,["",,
.. ",In-" w,"",I.,-, '"eoll' ami a '".orld i" i,. '11",> all Cull",a"" ,10<,
" to I"",i. h a =""",,1 ' -(,I"'ioo of a 1\",<1.",,,,,,.-1.11)' Ih'011K: w"<"p,ion, acro,ding to " 1~"IOt, ;., ""ay of 'hi" kiog . i\ ' .....;01' "'hich. i,
h", '0 I", sa;'1. falls <l,on or o~:Ji1)' " "d I",,,,cpli,...,,c,,.
Cerla; t\!; ,hi, is "0' th e ",le )()Ult " 'here 'he l~alO"H; r",mc of
'hought J>r~""il' ill a "."rk I""l~'rli llg ' 0 mlltr"" i,,,,lf f"'IIl ".hat i.
'hough' to be Greek. For i, i, Cull",.",] ,, ho 'I",a)-.; of tbe 'Ibh'
o. ~'" 'gre'" "I11)()""" 1 of ~'e "l'in1" " ,,,,,I alfln", 110", ~.< 'com munion ,,;th C h,i,.- h,,,:,,m., 1110f(' .,.., ,, ti~Il) a<1i,-c 'if ".., 8'" rid
of this "~' "r~1 hod~ a. ,,,on,," !)(),';ble'."" I do 110' cnti cu." the
ac,ual <0,,'cu1 of ""'rmo " .. ,",ch a, ,he,., . I ,,"l)' no'" th " ,h.., u<
.Hm' c"" ru ll UUog iD " I~.,o"ic ,-ein. II;1hi"" work ill "hich Greek
Ihougb, . ~'1>"ciall)" 1~ "Ob;''''. are rcg",d1 '" a ' it,d or ,I. " g< ...... "
-"ont~mi"a' ioll of ,he Ch n,ci.II ,,~) of 'hillkinS_
\\'hr" Ongen aflinno th a, ,i ,,,,, i,,,,lfi. a C"'''''''''. h~ ac,u"lI.,- g'''''
f" I><)"ond ,hi. 1~,"Q n ic ..-a) of ,h inking . He " ',,, able '0 ,,,-, W
bee. " ", he r<ganlcd the G reek ",bool, of 1hough' "" lIlerd), '",11,
,ide' the Chril1;ao 11'3)' of ,hi"king, hu, h,. ,,"" n", hauntc,1 hy 'h"
en,'k 'hougln .",;d,,,' did I", "'!f~"1 !hi,~, ~ 'dall!!","' or som~1.hi"g
,10=
'" TIot
'{}...,,;. ...! T.".. .. 1''" 0,. n.., p_ 15->.
h..,.-j . Cf,
~2.
~38
~o"t.rni" "ti"g. U~
'""'I'"""
T h"" only a ,maU toke n ofOnge,," iron "'ill ,'ae>" li"g ,,;,h 1"01'' 0_
f,,] alld com:ili;"ofJ ' pirit. l ie bad ' he fitluv, if ,,," the okar con_
cep, ion of d,c TTa~t)' of >p:oce.,iUlr. l'le did uot refu'r ,uch
p"rc"P'~!Il la romruo"I>late ill mudem ,,:;"1I<e Iott."", of 'he PIT"
enCe of the ,lOtion of'l'-",e in i" To hin,. J,i, noooll ,,"" Il"ill,",
co,".mi" "io,'- nor " 'danger'_ l'l e ,.... "0' ol,.. ... d ,,"' i'h H)'ing t"
,,,'oi,] "")" '1,"ti.,1 ca'"sory am] ,lca! oul)" ,,;t h '''UlI'"",1 OllC. ......
..:hol.1n .uch ... Cul~~au " did. He hold> ,ho, 'aeon' m"l' "'''''''
.i, her ti ,"" or ' p"".-bu,. ''';,Ct]r 'pcaking. tl,i. ,,~,.. 1>0111 , iu",
"ud '1""', ",uo<"l). [)," ,~" Ij,), of'I,.er-lu"",
,\, ,,11 we nli in O ,ig<:" ,here is m"r~ th.n the cOllC01'tiQn uf' ime
"-'" <:rC_lure , T ime;"" 'b"ing" whicb ,,'a, madc o"t of'o"".t>o:i ng''''
wbioh 1",,1< '0 tb. oonclu,",m , I"" ,ime j , <rol. He 1I ~ tl"
I'erfec! parlinpk ),>'1<i.-o<>,~.'''' nw:",,"g
"hid, h", bee" '",,,,1,,'.
'hking ,,,10 "o:a,,,,,, h;" ,'OC.'~ lI la')' ,1''''''ghQu, bi, (";"*~ ,,"ritiugs.
,,"e ("'~" .... Iha' thi, i, 'he term " .. d <0 """"ciah' doe ,,'~l ity "r Ill<
e.i"~II"" of <"""'i,,n , It i, "a'''''', f,,, ~nrnpk_ tha, Cod "i, cr<a'or
bCC31<'" of ,I" b..,ing' Irqovo\,,, broug h' into I.. iug 0", of non
I>~h, g";';' Qf. "'GCKI '" C,,"'''Qf ;" ill ,,11 Ix,;,,!:, 1"l'IW60,v",'"
TIn" lin,< is ilSClt" bti1tg_ Tlte .... is 'w hing "f 'lte Sloi< dQubt>
and c1,,1"''''''''''"nt QI> ,h, ""I~n , Time i. a heing
foil ,roJig.
mtW" made 1>)" God 'OS,oh", wi,h all <"'"tion a"d it i, part of ,he
wbole ",,,rid. ,ba< i" I~'rt ill ,h. r ,,~k .u~ ,)/" ,be u",,,,al reali,),.
1',,,,,,,,,
,ha,
"r
vu.
~,
VU . H;.
... I'NIW>lj-
tIU,,,.
"""""""<> ., ...
'" id/I.
" 0.
~!,
~'..,
nynlo-.J
~l,
l Z,14lG,
239
I" Ih" ligl" of lhi" G_ tloro,-.I<i i. wmng i" cla im ing Ih ., il w'"
Augustu\C ,, ho 'di''''''.-ned ' th o, ',u,"o ,hould I", regarded"" crea
,,,{("',m It was 0""..,,, "'hQ ",,,,bl,,loo<l the ,';c;.' Ih~\ ti",~ '<Self" ~
en-at" ,e . AI..,. R. Sorahji ;neo,"-nl) a",ri l~,. ,he i'ka ,h.( ~I"',,,
,,-as no ,ime befo," the <rr.tio,, to ,\"gtJStitle.'" He ,ake. it ,IL"
this i, " he \>C" of M>lutio,,, ofr~rcd by J cw, ,,,<1 Chri"i"",'" to the
",..mUc,1 'why no' .. ",Dei!' argumClll aboot c"'~lion . It <<<,.iul; w",
a brilli"'" " otioh. )"I" " ".", Origen, not A"g""ine, ,,'ho eb l",ci~,ed
,hi, ido-a. Ot) ' hi' po,t)' I\ugtls<i,,,. "'" b", a foll"",-, of Ori~".'"
SU1C. I h.,.e aJ'gt'ed f"r a c<rta in, if limited_ propinq uily I><t"."n
U rlgell :wd thc S,,,",,,, on 'he (),,'o~'!!ical conceptio" of ,uue, I Ylould
m"ke 'hc ~b1 i " of ,lus pro~ib1 i 'y de~ttl. I , haU 11,." make "'me
"ll1her r" oarl;;. ",hich "il l ,Iemou"'"le Origtn', deci';I'e b",,,k
'hrou~h lO"'~'cls r~dk:aII)" ,,,,,,' ,'i,-,,' of um<".
FuUu";lIg my fen-nce< to ,h.- ",,,..,,rlill'''' ."d ality <fl time ,
it ,h""ld he poi nted "01' ,h~, 1br ,~~i"n' of ixJ4>' a"d w.".""" ha,,,
a clil"'",,,, ;"'PO" iu Ongtn, To ,10 .. Stoic. i"corpo",.ll i, a ''''Ille,Iu,,!!, ]"" wcetl be;'\!( and nOll b<"ing . Th"~ """,,,cd '0 Ihe fo<u' i,..-o,
pore:,];'" ou , of ncr ... , ily: " "i,iwr e" n ,hc)" ro"ttdt- ,het" 10 I..,
1>Odie!, '1(,r ,~II tilt"}" dCll) ,I"" th"" ex;'t: 1h< i '\Co'l"",,~l< an' a;,igllro
an illtcnnliatc tKor of ",,,ti,)'.
Ongt"'. ,-;"w OD thi> i,,"c "~Jld, in
COntrol<'. For O"e thUlg.
;"co'1"-,,,,.1 " .1U'~
10 luU) ... aJ eX;"e<lCl" , 1<".,,,."I11~ ,,,,cl
"111;;;' a", "01 i"c'''"l~'ti l>le on'ological <t,,,, litie. a, 'h~, lI<arly arc
to tile S'oic<. Oil 'he oonu",I)', 'h.-y ore compo,ihlr : it i, ,h,' incor'
poreal God ,,-ho [l,.. . millrntl)" ;, I,. illg. ~()r ''''<A Ir~,- co'l">rcali,y
[l,,<t"';I" to thc fl11lm "'io,,,,1 Crea'ure<, ,,hicb ",-.:re crea'ed ., thc
~'a11. Corporeal "",,,re i, ori@.o""'] ill "" ,,-,,1 eau"",,, i, b". a moral
W",l. and it ",ill he w'minat<-d .fter prop.'r f,,,,, ", or..! :<elio,,_ In
add iti!.., . m'1)(,r,,,dity is applied 'k>! 0(1)" to ,hr ,;';[,10 ,,orld . hll'
"1<0 to ",'l",' is 'not ",,'n' a,}(1 )'<1 lllale<i"1.
UII thi . ~ ("co u,n. thw:- ~rc ,,," ",aUl dilkn:llcc. \>c,wccn U";gcu
a",1 'he Sloic.:
1""'' ')1'
,~
G . f......".,-w, .-!'fb
1"'-
!I C\ornI
""rk
2~' .
ro
""11
""",,,,"In.,,
\10Te< th<re .... "' ... ,.. ",h" .,,)u ld "bi", th .. noll"ng 'n.i~bIe 'n{i
U l(,,~a l <xi" IM tI ~' ...;go ""<J)-tlullg ",-bid. <xi~. ' 0 bodir~
0 " ,!ob b;"i, 11 ~' daim ,/", Cod, "'" F.,OO of all 1I,ing<, i bod).
y" ,10" ro"""q'''''''''' ,of ,I",,, ""." tog;t. " .j "' .... i, " "g.... " j 'ru, ",,,-,.
My i , wm<prilk, ' '''' ""d'Ju!>dlj-' ro.-.-",i '''''''. >I~ ,,,,,",,,,.;,,;'Ig th~, (;od i; a I:>o<t}', to .1Iu~ "'~, I", ~ conup<ihk. Jlc<a">c of t' ..
logical 'I~&cut'), ~'r;' h.,-c OUf".d '0 ,-cm'" o'l,,"di<1" "'Id h.,-c
"'" h,' i.
nf" rom. pOOI< o,nor". bu, h,' tu.., ,,'-" I"",,, cor-
.,.<1
,,,,,,,,I
Srton,il),.
{(~l '
",'m, Otig~" for re""," , 1",,,, ly """,logical. "0' t""ur~l . T ht' bodi~.
of ''''<'Te.l to him ~'C ,hoo;.- which h.,,- ~ th""kogi(~1 oign'ti,~""c:
.uch arc the '~..-lj <. of rati"lL~1 C,"",Uf"C> onl)'. ';ncc thci, ",tril~Jte.
in ~ac h ca... an: a do mo""''''t;on of a certain moral quality_ h, , ...
fi" ,d '"alp,," rorvo,nlit)' ;" an prol"'rty of the "'"rld "" a 'do,,''' _
fall" l Ott(tllM~ : i, " "dcrli","s
,""die:.l , ,,,-,,see,,denCt" :",d " ,,,,,n_
"n,) of ,he ;"CU'l>o",.l d;v;n,' lift ""er 'h " ",ll;'" " ,,rld. "hi<;h "
cOl]>o,,'al.
,10.
'" srf:
". C
11, 117.
L
~6 .
. . . . . . . . . f~
""nt '"
..... _
U_l~ .
Tho
~ct.
C .... . . , VI.. \1 , 11. 00 r"", of K. Qh. VIII. n, R,""tti,'S
tilt ~oO< " .. , of. ro<JX'<">I (".od. ",;"""-,, "pbti< ",k""",. '" the ~ iD
~J.U. 11. XXI. ,'"" tINi,!.ogX-..t I ~ '"' '''' on tIW""" otho-, u ..... ,., c.t..
IV. ill: \ I. 68: V, 2<), \ ', Zl: \ ' 11, I!>. ,Woougil....:-=k ... tu.
0';"-" h",\
"""" """"'" ~ otb<, "'1>'" if old Sto;d,,": Cf. c.t., I. 21, VI.. IV. !>6:
IV, H; !Ab. \ ', 17.
1''';'''.
c.u,
Orig<,n, a. well "" ,h" S'oi~., kll~"- th e .il1ll'~' and l'bin ph~.
no"'clloiogic.1 dUll '" thm timc i; not a hod.,.. T h .. d,,,,,n ,,-a, "
""'o"(~ of ~mb.""""sn1en ' (0 ,h~ Sooic<.,
""nau,l), "01 10 Orige".
Th,- n'aOOn lie, 1) in their ,litTen")! ,'"nception, of ~\e ",orl<l it~ 'lf;
2) their dilkrcn1 ';e"~ of the ,ig>,iflf".a" ", of CO'P"",ality .nd i",eor
porcalioy, 3) the u,,,ion of mm"m4ma ,,hich 'hc Stoic> ,li,1 nOt bold
0' all' ; ~ Il d 4) the ,Iill"crcllt coll cq>1ion of wbat i, md,
The f''''' , hat ,ime i; DOl a hod)'
no prohl<11I m all I<, O ril(l:'"
Time is '10' I....d ) in thc saffl<" ... "", ,h., "I""'e prop<:r is nO< ~
body, <XP""';Of1>, phr">",, afiinna,ion, .r~ n", bod;"" -,-,,~r i, Ilot
3 bod)",'" ill liXo "':illller tha, ~ 'pmlica'c ' , '" "n 'axiom ' . or the
al",,",,,,. "or;"" of '10 I:>< a,,~c h ed', or "0 I", i",erw",,,,, "'i,h. "re
"01 botli ... He ,,'" jar from ,h,' S'oic doc,,;ne ,hat oul}" ",ha, i. a
bod) i, ,,,at In h" ,.;,." i, "ould loc 'aloso"f'" '0 "o",I,-r as '0
,,-het her ,im~ i, ~ bod.,. or 'M, in the ""m" ""n", th a, he """Id find
it al><urd '0 ,,-o1l,1er " hcthor or u(~ lell~~ll. or hcigh,. oc lmoad,h,
are , hem .."", botli.,.. Hi; fun,b"'ebta] doe,ri"", ]>"""01 him from
'.I ..
q ,,,,,,tio",. 10 f~c t ' h,',," (loe'';Od e ,, ~ I~ e bim '0 ~mm\
e~p[ici' l l' ,10", ti,"~ is " er~"h," of full "'~lil)' ""d 10 1.-<'1' ~"'al'
from th~ di"'ol\cen metll ,I ... thi, i","e caused to S'o", ,ho"ght, I li,
llllgua!(C i. at I~>ill" inci";,'< aDd mc<iculoll,Jy con'rn." Chri" i:lD
'heology with lhe ,",opc ~lIIl uo,ler""",ling of l"g<lI' thoughl. for
lcis
,prit,1:" from "" fuely diU"",,,, prerni"'"
A, a "",,,h. h~ tI~,-c< fo,,,,d him,df in ,he predicame nt of the
Sooia, who """1: c"",.",d ill perplexi,; ... creaU;d t ,hc m,d,-c,. l ie
,,-'" ,,-~emp' fTOm ,h i, "oml'k';t)" . ~o< ' h ~ un,nnnonntahk <IifILcuhi
f"ci" g th~ S,oic; ""nn>e,1 ollly from 'hcir fimda"'c",.1 "tic". h w","
,heo h,,~';,aLle for theDl '0 r."", the ",1""'IU,,"" 'I,,,",l~ry. fro" , which
'h~;. ,,-cn' nC',r ",all)' di,,-ntatlgl,',I . Still, thC)' p",j'-"",d to ",main
iD ' he I'i,;ble ma, ...;',,] ,,'o rld ma intaining ,llc ir c.nli nal pr~mi'
(m'1"riali,m, no <>1io" of tTI"\>c"odcnCf'). T hi, ;" ,,'h., OriS"" r.n,
'the al,," nIi,;'" of thc fo[lowcr< of ZCll O a",1 Ch'pipp'''', docL.rill!!
he ,I"", n", ,u,,,,in "e,,s ", h k ~ woold I<ad hi'" ID 'r,,1I imu
,he", ah,"r<iitie',"""
1,,,,
raj""
."cl,
,,,,!"
"'''''''''''<:
,ha,
:I()
's.
22.
Th(" ,amelle .. of the "nn 6,,,,,,,'1!w ",iole, O rigtn h",l pa,,("d way
"ill' !h" Stoic> .~nos' ,igh ' from ,I" , "~,, of hi' 1'-'''''1'';'''' of' im",
It S'Qi<: """Id g" " 'ith him 00,1)' " '-cry
1''''' of ,h" " ")' but
he rould no' 1(<> ,,'i, h him f;or ,'n""l(h . For, in onlcr ,0 go ~U ~l"ng,
a Stoic h,~1 to rdill'lni.,., f"D<",Dle"talpri,,,,~~<s ,,( hi< 0"'0 ph ~o'()phr_
O,igtu, ohen:fon:, e""ld b" rt'g,mlcJ .. indebted to tarty Stoici"u
0,,1) fo r d,e i";l i,,1 u'ag<" of Ill<' I~" " 5'''<1'!1JW itJ o"lor to oig,cify
tim, P"'1)Cr. Still he i, immu'", to ,he ki"d of <ri, ici,m " hieh "'~,
di"",'cd agai nst ,h< S'oi"" li e ploughed lhr"u~h hi. 0,,'11 ""'Y a"d
took ,,:1nl<' radical >1"1 ",,,-a)',h fi>nning hi. ""'n ,;"".. , Th .. , not
onl), di,l he O'-CITor"e the imp.-' of oh~ S'o", l'itilo"", It )" but ~1<0
,,,,,,,1 toward! ton"ut"i"ll h" 0"' 0 , ; , .... of 0"'",
\\'i,h "'I(~rd 10 tim, .., ~ "",."",', ~ c"" itK-~'iOt, "hould h" m .. do.
\\'h,n Uti gtn ",'er< oh", ,im~ i. a 'l>< illl(' .nd a 'crean",,', h, "ir_
tlt~U)' "'~'gtm (ho 'CtHpora! D"UJ~ of 'he world, I" Ot ltcr ,,-oul. , b<
,IC,M>1o. timc "-, ~" dcm on( iu 'he , ,,alc-~p of c"'~ti on, hy ,-irtuc "f
" 'bieh eou,..., and motion ",,, ke ,,"rue, ,\, ... gatd< the kngoh of ,i",~ ,
this h", boxn m~dt: onl) nnlil tll<' po...,n(, 'oo mW,-r h"" ,Ius P"'""" i. eo" ",i ,'od from diilor",,( l)Oin\$ of ,;e,,"" T imo: i, all '.~te"
,iou ' fOT th o m",,,mcnt to t"l e pbcc alo "g>ide (I", ',Iimen'~",' "f
lif", Thi> e~'e ... ion 'hough ;s nol a rompl,.,1 e",,,tn,e "n,;1 it< cod,
\I'ha, w~, "",atod ".'" /lwlf"!m/i/t. 'h" f"" ,dt)' of 'he ,,-orld ex;";",,
and f"nniotli,'8 in ,hi. 'I"",f..- ,tlO<k, The e~'e",iO!, ha; 1:>0-<'" ~C"'
all)' ",ali,,-.:I until the 1''''''''''''- 'n\. f" ,u", .. " vi a p",_mad~ .~te n_
,;.", alo< ,~,k which , h~ ,",'o<ld will "''''.,. ; ,b< tin,, is a" a tllicip,,,cd
r~~li'y . .. po. i,i,-d)' po","" ial reali,)" but not a I're-m,de one,
"",'~rt h"tes., (he '~o;. f~c< ,h~' '~mpo ... li ,)' (,h.l i" !he "'~"'n' for
1;m,' I""I"--r 10 "xi",) ""', e"".,.,1 g'''''''''''~~' , he !lux of "I' ,,",,'-,imo
t"".. n.>< the future . Thi. i. ,",'hy Origcn con.mcr< ,ime "-, ',,,etched
0'" alonpi'k ";th' (hc ''' noe'"",' of ,Iu. "-,, rld . Future ;" in from,
i, is '0 be n:alil.Cd, buo i, i. not realized yet,
T;o1<' ,h e", is me e",~w", to)' ,.;""~ of " hieh ,I", " 'odd ;, ,.-m_
pora!; i, i, not. p",r.,bricatcd exte n""," a,-ail.~I, to ,h~ world i"
front of i(, It i. ' I"i,,, eh~r-.. "tc';"ic ,h~( On!!,," ",fe" (0 the j '''(lf'<'
time Itha, i" '0 t;rn<
com~, ~ '" "0' )-'-' r,ali"d) ,,,i"l( th. tern,
,Iw"
'n
'" ,I" t ,lio< ... i.ox i" ,ru. """",,,. 00gn, hold ......x.n 01' ........-;,.,- .. flu-
p,w,,,;,,, 01'""", .. """"."..-,l, ';'1><, ",_kol fnon {'.od "' frum b<u.;. 01' """"'
on,;"
,."k>
"m u"" 'he I'",>o.;tion <7W I"ilb\, a. he d<>es "ith ,he ,.nll "VI' ~","'.""i""",' Ttti, is hu,," he m.tll< .. th~ di"in"," '" 1><"'"<01 'ime
alf'C~d)' ",~Ii,<d ~ nd ' ime ",hieh i, "iU IQ 1>< ",~li,,'d . In ' he firs'
ca ... ,ha' ;. 1''''' a,,~ pr~""nll. ,im< i. a CT'<"a' " ", m~,I<-; in th ~ -"'C_
ond . _ ,ba, ;. fu'" re. time" a .,e .'u'" pbou,e,1 hero", h"",I. or
p",';do.~1 fot. '11",;., h~ ~ccordi"gt) "o'C' ,10", ' (;",1 ,,' .",,,<or ;" iu
all ''''.tu,; _. _-"",,,,,,Ioc..., 'h ~ i, 1'",,,,,,,) i" l>ok",;"lit)" I&\OI'''~'
and !iOm,who,.. (he" pr<>e n' iD act"alit)" ("'Pl'i~ .,., II'h .. OfigeD
<"""df'" .. cr<a,<:<l 'dime n';'", " ""'PomlitJ i'.cH; "-' an .."""i,,1
pr"VCl1y of 'he "' .... e " I' <>f 'he ""'rid ,
0" lite olloer h",,,I. the "01101' or lune co'~p,;"illg 'h''''' part. ;"
c,n~i " l ) f"" torl i" CreeK ,hough, ,1:;0; ,hi, i, p'"icuL,rI ) " .. "x! hy
'he S'oic . Vet .i nco they r~b,tf P'" ,,,rl f" ,u",_ "' ith a ,,>np ti<OD
of i"fini')" .... it ,,'oukl I", imere"i!lg to ""dy ho,,' Orige n >cc< the
",I.tio" of ti",e
the l"fOli1< , Ikforc tl';' thoug h, " .... ho"ld exam _
ille a "",ion ,Lrec,l) "emming from 'he concept;on of ,;me a. a
dim,,,,,,, ... nam,I). time ... a comin"um .
'0
Whether ,im. " a m,,,inu ,, m Q' no' " .," a ma"" of rli,put< iD
amiquit)". The Sloi", Ul geue ,"! "'''Te r<i'''ting the doclrine of
" "o,~ic_li",e-el"~el' l,,"'f ... Icich ..'a.
Epic,, '~a.o
"' '' ct . I" \,k'" ofO,ig<'n'. CO " lcml>l f,,, 'he F:l'icun'''' t< .nd d", hc(
'hat Ik>1h ,\ri"otdi",,, "",I S,,,i,,, id<'I,;t~ tho ir rlillcr<oc .. ,,)(.,nl,x!
'ime '" cQu,inuo,.., i, ",,,,,Id Ix pb u,,;hlc '0 '''I'''et ,I"" OrigclI a1><o
""folrdcd
"routiuu"ll1. Ileii<b,
is tiirc<1 cO"""" lue n",
of the con<Cl',iob of ';Dle '" ~x,~ ... ion. Beyond ,hi . ,ha, ,;me is a
fOt,ti"uum c~n I", dr.,,,,, .Jso {'''''' Orig<'"''
.",to 'menl . He
maLeo the ,~.(i r"",i"u of "hat i, di"inet and dis<;o",i nuon. from ",I""
i, con"nu um; '0 ,10, coll uti,,/!" <>f ' he former he 'I'P~C> Ihe tenu
"m, '"
,u,
,I", a
""'U
'noallbo,,' , "'hen,,.. Ihe 'erm 'mca.",~' ;" 3P1>lie,1 '0 ' he I.Her. 'n"",
wbcn be 'l'c,,1;; of m,i()lL~1 crc:t,,, .-c. \which "re ,I",inc, i>cir'l!'i bo:,," " (I,,' In", 'n" tnb<:r',
in .peaki" g of ''''.II,r' he
lhe
Ij,.,.
",1,,.,.,,,,,
"'"" '","3""'-"
\1 0""0,,"' ,",I><u ' be Scrip'''''" ....p 110." lOo<! c",.,,I oil tbi"!? 'b)'
Ll"moo and me.,,,,,,','" ~-c ,hall be riglu iI, 3J>I>I)-;"!! 11", knu ''' LlOO'
bd 10 o.,iot",1 c"' .. u,,~ or ",;'01< 1.)' 11,;' ,.,.')' .....,''', Ih.. , lfuy on'
'" "'.n~ <1n"" p~".i<\o:{j fi.,r ",Id ",kd . "d <o"ttuu.d h.,- Ih. P""-id<n"" of God; "~eJ'<" 0.<0.... ,. "'ill cO"""I",n<iin;;/), .11'1,- 10 bod
iJ., matler. ,,'rucb " 'e
t.u,\C to ~"" t."D e",.,,,1 .,., roOd in
.udt quan,") .. be """,. ,,-....Id be 'uHiciem !Or tbo:- un"'riu!! of ,be
"'orld. 'n",,,, ,I"" .... ' ,he 01"",,,, ",I.och "" n,llil t.cl*\" ,." .... c,,'
...d b)' Got! in lite ,,,,gi nning, t/U. Lo, I><r_ "'-.'phing tl.... -
m.,,'
He:.lso '"'''' ' he ,e,m 'nul1\be,' "'he " he ",I"", 10 'mo''''- "ho ~n
indi\;dual l>o' in8':'" a"d m.ko, de", thal Coo 'made .11 Ihi"g> h
numb... anrl mC" ,UfC: f,,, tv Co.-l ,he", is "v,hi"8 either ,,-;,hou,
<11<1", ";'),0'" DlC,",,'T'<','" C01l cl lld iug ,lou>:
E,-.ry
nu"' ....
It i, ag>l;ll;1 Ihis h.CkgruUlld th ", the '<nu 'mea,ure' i, applied t"
tirue, cI'ari )' "'~ti"!! ,hat ,hi; .. a ~o",i "u!U., ; ",b, rc>t of driug>,
1,0"''''>:', ",hid...... ex",,,,a] '0 ",e T rh,j,)", mw, l.-. ""","".I by ag<>
and I'<rioo. of 'im r~."" Abo. ph .. ,.,.
as 'mmc", .. ",bl.' age"
arc al "',,,k in Ihe 1'riN:.... r hc ,,,,nc co nc"!"i"" i, r"u nd info.l/olI,
",he lim~ i. Slrggeswd as. c"",imnnn r6,~~ .. ~ and acti (~1 in ,imo,
uu,il """ c,,,l of i" .. ""'cd to h'lI"c " chamet of actio" 'i n con
"""iI) o,~,.~"'-! ..'
."cl,
..
...
'"'
'"
..,.....
0lliaD'01'"
,.~."",
~' I """,,
. 1 ,~ ..d
'''ro,
""'u,"
lV,<.l Ge",,,,
q......." Nn
"",;'ut , .nf; UIic. mi ....
.. fuo.-, lIu_n; 111.6.6 .
~oo>
tri.-,;" ",,,,, in
_Wi> tl",
n...
"'''>pO-
><"io'"
TI", <0''''''1'' of'hc i,~iui ,,, pia)" particular part in U rlgt" " 'hough"
ami ye' ' his i. a poim on "'bieh l1,;,unden",,,dmll' h".-. oc( u'<cd.
h ha, l>oc<:l1 co<I"<."O,I) "-,,,<nc,1 ,1",1, tor Orig<:'" WhOl i, illftlli,, i.
"",oml'",he l\";l>lo . IVI'"t ha, 110' b<;.'" dearl)" .a id, h""'~'<r. i. ,I... ,
it i. ownio" ,ha' O rigell ha. ill fIl,,"1 ,, hen he r..ta'''' the "0'; 0"-'
of ';,,6,li,{ a ,," 'i " com(>,d'emilrili,y. In ItiN ,bere j. " P"""&"
which read, .. folio",,
We mo>! ' Uf'IX"<. ,beJ-elor<. lh., '" tht b<8",niog (;",1 m.,I< . num
J..., of ,,~ ,iot .. i a,wi ',l1eUig.'" h.. uog>, '"
,he bd"",..,.. ,,
ti",,,,d ",i"", voSh' to be c;,llrd , he f"",,~ it ""uld be , uff.. ;.""
It ;, <........ in ,h., I", nude 'h,,,, """,rd ;"g to ""n't defUlitt numb
lor<-orcLWOJ by 1U",... lf, foe '" mo" ,,'" "'1'1"-""", . , ... oc ",-ouId,
""', ,h",, i. 'oo e",1 '" ,,,,. ,,,1 being>. "''''" "'1",,,' 11",,, i, 'oo .,,,1
'here c. " ,,,ill,,,,, I", ~n)' c"'''p",h''losi(>n n", t,,,,,c,,iot,_ If 11",,. Io.,d
br<n "" <lid. ,hen
=",cd bring> "",,~t ,,,,idOOT ha.-" b<c"
cUII,rolk<i ...... ItrO,idc<i by God h" 0)' its "atore ",b .. ".-cr u inb,,;,e
,,-ill iI.... be bc)-ood eou'I'",I ... o';"n "
"'I,.""..,,.
""".;"ry
,., Fo< ,)", Sroic ,ie>-' of,; ....., OOUU""",", er. srf: tt. t("I, 23-25.
'" "'""', t'-9, t Thi, ,.., is 1",.. ,,,,<1 ouJ,' in Looin ",,, ;t ~ thi. ~' ""b
bdi<>I F",!!"""" 2 !..., 1.. .. , <'<jUl,.... "' of T h . """"'''g dioruuOon ~-;n ohow ~ .. ,
,m.. ... ,rivn .... n<>d-Uug .I", ~i'" ~"' .
of ,I.. t"ill,;" ",ith "'~..."
"""'..-/WO
ID
OODU,""'"
'" G",l
infi"i,~.
In 1h. ~"u. "~1 of J" "j ,riao','" the fOllo"'ing op illion .. ""cril",,1 10
Ong.n :
I", "0 0"" ,,,,,," offi-ue< " "'" , . )i"g. if we 1"" limit> ""'" to ,be
1">"" or Cud. Fur ,'-' <Ilcum p" d'ing'! th,,' Of< infinj", ., I "" ' "'"
." inol"";b,li,y,"
T b"", le~" ilOro,,~,r~t',d ill K""t-><h. ,, '. ~ili,jon of I'mi(. ol'hough
lO ot Orig<:Il " writi"g') cou;,itu te o"e tuore miJc"dillg rcudcrillS "f
hi< a"th emic "ie... " ~"r wef"<" tl>..., ' m o, tbi. "'0,, 1,1 cu,,,il that G"d
ltim",lf .hou)d !lot I", ,,"gan~l '" 'infini,,', I><c~u"" ill tit., Ci<>e t..
"""Id I", ,,,,,.I>k: 10 "",nprohend b;",,,lr '11\01 d'e "OI;on of'i"Jin;'"'
",,,,Id "()/ I", "1'1'1i"bl" to C od_
Hut thi. i< uot 'l ui.c th e ca"" For Origr H J- "1'1'1)' thi> 11o,ion
.0 COIl him"'lf. He ."".. , hat 'fin;" knowl~~' aI'PI~ only 10 wit.,
It"" be", "",.tcd, wbere. , ilic 'knowkg<" ofthc Hol)' Trio;,), i; '"ith ,
ou' an)" bIOi,' " " p<>vt<><;l,'"'
'n.. alkga""n of Jtb,ill"' '' (11,., ,10" "",io" <lr ' i n~nilC' 'irtnaU~
can Hot I>< "Pl'lied to God , bN.,,'" 'n ,",ch a c'"'" G,.) """,,l~ "ot
cO" tprcbelld hir""'lf) i, 1h", a w.toniou of OrigCD', anthem", ,;",,~.
For to. "" t"" tl"" Cod bi",.,.lf;, 'i,tf,woe' ('o!> " ..iP'!' ,'" rood " " I",
'from 'n6"j,~ '0 i,uu';,e' I t~ ,,~,ipo:ov t,' ii,,,t>O")."" Ttoere ., aI>o""
"'1'''':'';0)) " 'hirh ;nCOInc,,,,lol) "pplie. 'he notion of i,,~n;,)' to C,od,
"0 tb" grca'n" .. of Go.><I thcr~ ., n" limit" "" ""~ "''' .ip<>; ,~.
~q<l)"oo~v<t; u~,oii i nud hi. proo.idcn"c .""",,,,1 of <",atu,",", i, >aid
10 be 'fro'" d,, ."ji,oj" !O !be ;',fu>;te and "'"eh be)-.",d <.; n ..,.",
c.;"
... . ,he,,,,,,, ).'"' Hence i" ""co,.,l anc~ ... i,h hi. real ,;ew of 0",1.
O ";g'''' 01:"", him .. 'onm;po" " ( (."~,oo;,,,,~oo;''''' "nd ,,"'''k' of
hi, 'in,-fl,blc 1>O"'~" (<iop-Un" a~v<i~\ ,.'" h ;, fo' "". 'hen ' hat
C. S,.:.rl .. "","i,,,, ,h., "CreW")" ,,[ N)..... ;,,,,,,,luO'd a nc" fac
'or b)' ,!o><:ribi"g O,~I ... i"filli,," . which;" "a '''''''F.J e~'~o,i"o "f
,h~ commOn belid" in 0",1". ,,,,a] "an;all<klltt of the ""';"cd ord",.""
;s nO, fair '0 Ori!:"o. l1 of ,h. ,,,,lio n ,,,f,,,;,,, ;,,,,If c"n,titu,e >n out"andi"~
T he
I~)i," ,d" con'rol,' bfiwe<u Or=\; .od Chri"",,, though,. II"hea< the
Ore,l> ",c ,'cr,- .Ily ;n allrih",jllg ;"fLDj,), to OO<~ ' hc Ch";";,,,,, lOO
,h" fol]""'u,g l'l,i]" "",.'lIt of God", iufUl i,,, wi,hout nuy hitah"u
a, all , I" 'he Chris,;;,n Falhe", tbe,.. i5 :' close 00'''' ''01;0.,
,I,,' ;,,{oni,) and ,I,,' ;'lOOml''''hcmil~ti'Y of God'" '1) d;""",,;o,, he",
,ho,,~ 'hat O riS'" h;",,,,lf ha; no hrsi,a,io n in a"rib"';lIg ;" fOD;'" to
Ood in 'he ' "0., explici, ",.,,,,. Tbot. he coutrib,><cti to the e"ab
Ii>bmcnt of ,,h., tod,)' ;" rcg;u-<kd '" a majo, co,oe<p,,,,J (,.. wcll
.. linguistic com .... ' 1""''''',,0 Christian' a",1 Orc,,".
10 i, tn", 11"" in O ,,<;,'n', 'hoJ.ught "h~, i, in!,nile ;, 'cl~,,-d to
,,'ha' i, i1ocomp",he,,,ibk. n", ,hi, tOOlwn i, "pheld a ni)" in ",,!>eot
af ,10<
~nJ d " nu~", af w< world .'\ "b'.", po rtio n in IhM
",,,k it cle;,r:
"'f)
lx"'o""""
=.ti""
.\1",,,<)'1''''. any""" ",' 110 Joo,I:., !O, ,I",no 31 I... leil"re can [",,1 in tru'
d.,; ,......"",ut<"> vcry noo"" ,.,inS' of thi. _. ",h'ch .,..." tha, ~""
"'MId l""h h;od , beginning ond ;, .. pe<rin~ ~" end, If, h",,-e... ,..
""'no i, '''rQUC ~'loo OIl ')ID on. "" would "1'1"-"< , itl"" tloo ."tJOOTit} '-"" <11<' m4 bw,) of 00' ",rip'u"" '" U> .1Il< b"" ,h. 'l'''''';''u,
"']-",1..,. he ....""
G"i """ c"ml'",~",,1 "U ,I,;,,&, '" ,hat t..,
,tu,
room" _
re>:-rrin!!
........ ut
''''r
><'' 3, 68 i lk io'llUti<j "'"oh< ..,,in<
f:;Omh '~3,
i lk I-"'wor
of r.,.n...,J', 1""'" ;,
,f.,,,,p 'w:
,"d imm.:."".t.I.:I. 'n .- .-.......1(1
coo.
........ 10. me ..,00" of ""u,;,y ~ .. ~ ,.. '0 tht ,~<>" ot", or ) ......," of
bo, '" W o.,.!h<..:l ,.. '" .... b<",,, """,M
i, '""'-'1 aM , .... ) _ r il ....,..,
,he G..JJ .. " I ~ ;,-,/'onlo<; .... n'" 'olhil.-y '''''""' ",. """",,,,,i 0)' on ind,-KIua/"" .
"",ut<>
.. '''1-,
liI.","" '"
1"- PG 1l .2\l1,
wF~, PG '3.009 .
19, _ ".... 'I, '.
MO C. " '.. l If ... ~, .. Cl ....... ,!".",i", C",n""'w 1'l'J1, p. W2 .
.. AJ I ,\rrn""""g-R .. \ . .Ihd"" , ~ Nil> ... Gnot ni~ j 'g. 1...Ion,
.. fib,.
l %(1;11,91~,
ca",,,,,' No", '" .. ;- ,10", be <a""", i. cb,i;- h"piu u~ If, ho",~"r, loo
0/,,"u<1 ",)', ., he nou", .10., Ood """'W<:1","i, .. I ,hi"gJ, ;, foil""...
f",,,, t!t" ,-'')" f",,' ,h., ,It,v c.n 1>< ""m ph."dcd, ,,,-,,, t l ~' e
o()(kNood [0 ha'e bo<l1 a bc~ootug "",I "" <11'1. I'ur ,h". ~'ltich "'
.b>oh" dy "ill... " '-") I... gi"nin~ can in "0 "") be 00"' 1'",10" ,01<<1.
Ho",.,,,, (" ,he ""d""""odU,g to,,) "",,1(\. '"" r",. ;,. ,h" ,bili'l' to
~h.n '~",e
1'""
of thi. I>a> .. ~'l: Inan,dy ~2i[ i.e. from ' II~ 00...0'-"' ... ' '0 ,b.
end\, ;.. "'eU '" ,he en",;ng parogt":'ph 111.5.3 ,hou ld be con,;<kretl
"itlt <~u(j",\ '" i, i,
l i~cI)
th.) con"it",, i,u''l'ol.,'i",,, of
R" fUlu, ... 1 )~".. a'8"'O<I . Th" I"'i,,' "hich 'he r~ader ,ho"ld dra,,"
fro m ,h;, P''''''g< i, (he rdal;"," betweo" i"fUli,y. cumi>rd,m~b~i tr
aud G",1. I" ""l>o""diug ,hi. ~rK'''nC1''. R LlfulLl. 1",,1 " '-"gue ide.
of Origtn', <o",;",;on , ba' the I"orl,1 i, fUli1<- but 00' becam" r.",1
"",d,) not comp""h"ud "ha( is il,t''';''_O rigo' " hdd (h~1 (;",i h '
comp'''hc nd ,,-ha' i, infLni, . 1-1 ;' cO"';L~iun awltt ,h<; finit~ ..... of
th e ",,,,1,1 "Cl'" trolll 1,;" c<>uL'cpt ioll of prop/,,? ~ Ild. ill ' he fwal
all"I)";,,, froll' bi, COllcept of ,im~. 'ne ,"ai" argulII<1l' i. ,ha' if tb~
world i, beginuingl .... fotl:Mu'/dt! a, ."ob male, no .. n .... If th<
"orld is endl<:Si!,foUiIm"" or pmpNry and p.",."w m:, k., '>0 "''''''' ';Ih~r.
Since the,", not.,n, p",fo,mdt-, detcnninc Origt-n,. colt p, rJf ,i m",
he ~J,ICS ,ha' 'he world'" ",.,,1 ha,-e ~ b<-giulI illg "lIti ~ " end . ill
,h . p""age 'l uo'ed in (h;, ,""e';on, the "~ I'"".';"n ',h~ .,-"rld h"tl a
begiTul iug .. nd i, ~1>tt1ing an =d' ;, u "'loul~edl)' Orig<:n',. Th<
...--,1 of ,he le~( is R"liuu", ",' 1. 0 I,ad "01)' liu,j:tl compreh"o,o,lI of
Orig<n', cQncep,ion of (he cda,.,n het""'" inf,ni(), d",atioll of ,11<
""oTld ~",i G,~i. Tbj, i. "'h)' ,I", te~ , nik< aU t h~ i ll '<'1~,b'i o", of
R"lulU" i, oxl'.-e..."i in n" eq ui,-ora], '''gue a"d diflidc", manner
11", i" il, " .,),1" " 'hi,h " '1",], iu "",.k (onl",q ' 0 Orig<:n', O.".n
,,),1. ;n Iti, wriliog> ill r.,..,...k ,
li on"" Ih,' ~rgu"'"nt of (h,' """''''ion I",,,c.n 'infini [e' ~l)tI
'i llcomp,-.,he n';b!e i, ~ ddu,=I in omer to gro,,,,,) 10;'; fulltlam,,,,'al
,;.,,.,. th'" the ",o.-Id ;,; " '" beginn iugl<"" WI,icb ,H,,311> th;, ;,; nil
argumenl ;n '''I' ''''' of"" i,~" ,I......-~, OJ'I""i,.. to !ha, " 'hichJ"";,,i,,n
.n<i o,hel"> _rib.. d to O rigon. "h" "",pt-, lock! 'I'"",,/,im, IQ b<
fiui,e .
"'0"
t_.\" ,
[h.,
~.
n.
'u,,, ;.
aco>t> of')",
""",t>'
;mli<a'cd.
""""'81. 1'",10. 1" u"k""~',, ,,, "'. ",,,,,,1..,.... "",.hliBt.<.1 I,., G",l ,,'
,,I,,,,
"rg'' '><u,
a~'o.
"l.-t&; .Iv
Sonohji ,,,kl.. ce. d,e ci""ion whieh R_ Wall;" u",,1<- i" o,dc, '0 I""'"
'he S,oic ~Ica Ih'" oul)' " fU\i'e ""OI lier "f ",a,,, i, b.>u.<>bu.'" Bu,
'his passag.' 1"0''" tlothiog of ,he ko.d; "" S".. ~ji i, r.. tI,,, ju,IiH,:d
in douh'ing a, 10 ""h",hcr 'h" SIOic., actually hrld ,,,ch at! idoa or
"'~. It >C<"11l' ,h", an old ,"SS"',ioll aboul ,Ili, S"~c "ic.. was ",.de
by ,~rlier ""hol,,,,. but the ac,ual ",,,-,,,,,ing of 'hi' S'oi~ ,'K-v. wa;
I"". h "'-"",, abo ,h"t R. Wall;' ".-., aw~", of the "'ggc-<tio" ab"u,
'his Stoic '.;'"".. bul 00< of tile souf<'e of;' , ,\, any r.", ' I,.. ,,<1<111(,,"
a pa''''l "'hiel' <:Joe.< II~ p""'-. 'he pvinl: for all i, ",,).. is ,I"" 'he
g<~l, C'"" L1,o,," tI,c illfini,d) recurring .-n,," Ilr kn",,;o;( ,hc '-CD"
of one cyc le. T h;' ;. wby ,hi; q"e.tio" ;. .um,u"d1 by ",,,big,,i,),.
I ,hUlk tI"" ,he I~"~'g<' "'hid, I quoled ,,' ,lti, 1>0;11' "'ill .-liOlino,"
Ih;" ,,,,,hig";'Y. si'lC<" i1 cIc''''I) pro,' ..
iI, fa.e, ,lte S1oiC! hekl ,he
idea ,h~, " lily ~ni,< " "m11."r of """eo is k""'...aIM. Th, S,";.-, ",.n;
b"""d '" co"nco', 'h< n",ion, of fini,~ a"d coml'fehc",;ble' sille<
'h"y he ld tha' ,he world i, .<lmi,u "en:,1 I,., a n., ure ' I\lld ye' ,It;'
"",u"" ",,,,,<'I). ,be;' ;(",1 ;s
Ut the ".",Id. Sloe<' Ih,,."
,],a,
",,,01'11"'"
Iatioo of
k,,"''''''
I~ .
TI",
...id<-n<l)
",,,/on __ -,"..._
p. 2.
38
,,~
150
were S,(Oic aflinna' ;on. ;d<nt;fy; ns t h~;T S,.d "';1h ' he Iw,ld, 1he
"""i(Ou (Of the infinite ,,-:to ~ " uJing them ill ""Yca.c,
T hi, was "'" a prool,m 00 0""",0, "'ho hd,l lb~ """ion of God,
~~(lic,,1 tr~n",cndc,,"c 00 'hc wo'k!. !l e 'hcto <""Id ./li,,,, ~"" 0",1
hi,melf " .... 'infill it~ ",he"3$ ,h" ",o,ld ''"'' 'fi " it~. Vet ' he 1""ld
i; finite 001 iKrllU5l' God
..",u.,.sk",d ,,""" i:J injinik, h"t i>cc.',," 'h<
world came illtO briu!!" 10.- a cen~in I'"rp""', accor<ling
lbe di,iu<
di,peo,aoo" an,l ;, ;, d~"i""d to an end, in 'he ",,'''' of b",h go.,1
and " ' m'in~,wn . 'l'he ~'"!l"I""Cno for llw "orld 10 lot f'n;", lies ;n lhope",ep,,,,n <.>f ,h< " 'o,ld ;"df h", mdy, ,h" ,he "'Orkl l"", a P"'"f'O'<
to ~cC()uol'li.h not ill th< pcrcqJ1iou of Go,l wh~L"",,e r. Tbu>,
Origen'. ;"g"\un"", for the worl,l to b" fini'" i, ,10' ba",d on ;ts ,... tm1u."ibilily by God, bllt ou 'he fact ilia, 'he worhl had a l>cgi"ning
aod ;; du~"(",,'d 1O,,~m> ~" ,"d. H,"O" H, .so,,,I~; is '10' ,.;gh, ill
a."n;,,!!" ,h;". alt hough ho d"". n (}l f,nd th~ ''l!"me", of,h .. ';"f",;,o"
heing ~"o:)ml'rclK"l,,a~e in thc Stoic b'em,u,e. d,is ",!o~",ocn' 10CC<~l\e.
explicit in Orig"n.'"
Ong.,o .. ".,{I a, , be Sooi<;. ~tlirrn ,I"" llle "mid is Ii,oj,,,. H "",~er.
(b ,,) W~ ,hi, ,,;,~,. d"l'a"u)~ from iliU",""",
.,,,1 ai:nl;"g to
d;tfc", '" 1''''1)''''''. In S(O~~"'" the d ;\;n. compn;hen,ihil;,y i, mai'~y
",a n ifest~d '" <J"I'''''/k,a. ,,hrrca< ;n Orise" ,hi. i, mai"ly I><rcri,cd
'" ~p.;,,,,,,,. 'he import of which i, i,,,,Ie\.,,t to 'h" Stoic homonym
io ""'Ill) r"'1'"elS. 11,. Stoic ""I'ro/k,,, ~xis" "' , 10 " "wld "",I i, ;,
aho (Originated in the ""()fld sj"cc th.,,, i, no ,,,.U,,n "f trodn"" ,,
den,,,, a' oll . TI)(" ""I'~tiIk"" "'" 10 .. .fooi~
bo:..,... ~". ' he "wl,1
;. fi,,;. ,,~) .
In COntm". Origco ', ,"i<;,.. .. , ha' ..p.;vola 3hhough m.~ , tif.. t<"d in
,b " world i, origi"" ,,,d ;0
,I,,, " orld, o"",dy. in ll'" d;,;""
"ill . So the'" i, 0>0 ""...,,., compell;ng h;m '0 acc,p' ,h.t ' hc "wl,1
i. fUlit" MattU 'h< 'pOvo'" is fi,,;,~ . 0 " tIle co"tr~J"r, I"",~u", ~piiw>,a
u ~oI.fooik. he "owh~re 1"",,,,I.,e. th., the dil';n< comprche,,~bility
i> fi"ite , On the commry, he eXJ~icidj", ~Ild iu '-cr,' ""on!!" term.,
" ...."'. ,h.I1 ,h" ,Ii"n" . """,,,. is injinik. ,,' oh" ,w",'" G re~k por,
t;om demon."."",.
'n,errfo'e. ,h"", is "0 lo.>gic.l '''''''' I><"",,,n ,l,e a...,,,ion 'l"', ,ho
world i. fU\i,~ :uod the di"ine .bi~t)" ,,, coml'ccheud. IfO,igc n airU"T'"
th., the ,,orld i. fwite. he (~,.,. !o" " rc",o n. dilli-rcn' from lb",,"
,,,,,,,,,t
'0
P'""'"""
j""
""',,,d
251
uf 11,,, Stoics: the COIII'," of 'h~ ..'O'ld in ,i"'e i. )lO( jll.t a 01"''''_
iugle 0.",1 ,i",l.,.. oatu r:tl 1II0''''''''TI~ but (hore " , Il, o.w"gfll l
",,,tion through ,,-hid, a ti".1 go;,1 ;s (0 I", acb,",,-d , This ;s ,.. by
h,' em pha,i<,,. (h~( ,he "odd is fin i,~.'"
Hence. i( i. 11 0t the S(oio argu"""t, namdy ,h< dil'i,,,, ahili(), (0
eompreho"d (Il< ,,orld. ",Itich de1enllin" Urigc ll'. aflinlL~,io" ,I~"
(he world i. fini'e . For the ,~,'iue co,upr< homii>il,), iu i",clf" explic_
id) O1",,,d a. ibli,,;,e-.
Tlu, i, " h) 11. . S"r~hji" "01 corn'( in arguolg ,h~, O-W,,,', atti,,,de O il (h" illfUlity of the "'otid ;" I~,><d upon th e argu"'''"l> <.>f
(he S'oics, T he S'oics ]>,,,, I.tc ,be world ... four- becAme 'hoc)' art
p""""'''pkd " i ,h I",,,,,,,,-;ng ,h,. no,;"" of 'he di",," cotnprchem;_
bili,)', Origcn ,ak<, for grame,1 ,ILl! th< dj" i"" coTtll're h.mil>ili(), "
i1ifiJt1i', fel he ~,'"'" 'h:II ,I" , ..-odd isi"';:'- Io<r~"-,,, Iivr< is "" ",,,,,~.
/JJgi<~1 ""PO~ "hi<h i, to b< f"lfdled in ,h~ "0"""" " f timc. T h"",fore.
in ti,e ligl" of hi. "~'<ll\e l1 " ill Greek, th e poin' of ,be I.ati " "'''_
'l<ri1lg of ''''", "' h",, ,h.,." "pp"an ,,, be a ,,,,,,,,,blanc. 10 the S,oic
",);,,,n,''' ' 'hookl t., ,,-,g.rdM:1 '" ~ simpli",je ",' w~"i og d,"' 10 Ruti,,,,,',
t:.i]u...-- 10 g"''''P (h" iD """", esrl"'-wlogical d",r.o<'er of 11", 1\I""" ...
(hought'" I, i, Rufi", .. , not O "<'n. "'h" "Ppea" ,0 f<.>U..,w (hc Stnic
r."i<mal<. ill coo"",t '0 all of hi. Greel: ,, '; ,iug', Acrordilt)[ly, i, ItO'"
t:.xOl"" ol",jo,,, ho..- ,n,skadi!l& ,he ~r..g"'en" " I'ich K",,,,,,h,,,,
a,.".
;,'dutk,1 ;n !'i, "di,;on of
fleside . in ,,,,,,,"-110" (he ... i, (he foUo"'ng ",:.ro"ing agai" " the
'to,iun of I)"gillning"'" of d>e "orld:
Iri",,,
I""'"
tf ,t,.. ><o<kl i. 'to< <o".unu,,, d. lot" e ..... infu,itdy. ,~'" Gcod ,,-ill
".. toe _h '" (u ."""". <Y",)1hillg b<~r< it "'" 00>1<',''' hu( h<
nt;glll 1>" '" I~"""! '0 Iu",~' OItl)" ""'''' ofth.", W"", ,I,.,." """ ,n><k
.".1 .fIt" 11.<,,,. Iw- b"""i od",,, fu, "h:,( ;. iut,,,j,, i> b ) , ,-, t u'" ~
.. , Wt ,r"tl ' _'ledge,
lu"'I"k,1ge i,,,,1f by ,"'",re in,po' I;rni"
'0 ~h.t i. kJ,ov.TI, -
a,
,I.< vie ... e~pff'<""1 ;to ' '''.... ma, (;",1 I"" (",~,ed
'h) " om!>e" and m~:.st"'-' ca" l><' ,'o"r"ftk(! flU<TI ,,'ri,illg<
"""pm"''''''''.
,,' Ibn., n
,~
..ft<I tit" u,;, ""","ut". """", JOt '"'0)' ifR ,dccou>', u","
_ "... 13, t.
152
in C"",k, oi'I<.< in """","I/all Ih.", i, referellce to " h ~ finil< numher
of "",I, ix , oil "" '(J~"""
"t'll.... ~p,l\Ioil .'" A ,,,,,,iculou. "11(1}'
of 11,,. argt",,'''1 a, dU, po; u, of """",-lIot, ,1>0".. thal God', cornpreben,ihilily i. ' >01 an,,"U~ 'I"csUon<d. W h~t i. a'KII"d for is Ih" ,
,h ere ", ,,SI b. a ""ruill ""fo" crea,ioll . h,,, LlOlo,. ,,,ch 3 btfor< i,
olI",,'ed for, f'roI>Iug tall lII~kc no ""lie. God 10.'0"''' 'he world
f",;'e "0' became G(~l;" u,,,,blc '0 kilo,," "h.,,, iufu,it<, I"" 1>CC<t",,"
(;00:1 i, ,ai(1 1() kJl""" """J"j. lung "".fo<' ;1 "'''' ",.,<Ie. If 'he world ;,
hegi'lOigl"... ~,.. di\,,," fon l """I"dg. ' c.,,,ld m.lu 1.0 senso' '''''
bee."", God call1'()\ com pr~h<lId ",hal i, infinite, 1)01' ,;ml'lr bec3""
,h e I\o,iOIl of !Hp loo",. all "'~"Jlillg.
Oriser, '. idt" , ha, ", ha, ;, i" f",;,. ;. incompre he",; hle ;, ,ho"
nwl;od to th e "...,rl,1 "n l)', 0" ,hi! he ;. q " i'~ e~l'~ci' 'peakillg ahou,
dte 'infuti ... k"""l,,tg.-' "f God," ,,',' ha,.., .... 'n , H"",,,,r. ~'" " ,.,rld
",,,,I h" r",it< h)' re",,'" of lhe f.,et d"" it "'as la,,,,,.,, ,n C od !Hjim
il camc i1110 cxi"<nec , Hi . Ikq,.-r aim i, to .rg" ~ lba( (he ...",Id i.
R f",i," cre.lUre, n",,,, I)', th~( ;, hwl " h~gi'Uliug
",.ill COme
' 0 :oD , "d. Th;, is in faC1 do.d) " ,Ial.d to h is eooc.p,;o" of
tim,. ", 10;" 10 i. de,tio",,1 '0 an ""d ""d ;" M' Ih" -r~'"Tt5io,,' of a"
<ndb. and mcalli"g\c'" cu.mie m "'~lIlC " t . '1'hi, i, "'1,)' loe C-'I'~'
ill}' rcj<-ct, ,he "01;"" of ,to -inru, i' la~<I pa ""il TC'CUIT<llcr of ...und". I7l
O,ill= ,Iten boldi! (hat "ha( i, OOt infiuitt lhm;', ...hal ba, a
b<'ginnitlg ,,,,,I a" r"dl i, co" 'p,..'Io<" ,ible. Fe"", "I,k]' folio,," Ik"
""",,I;' '(nfI""I1""wk i, _0/ ;'!ft.it<-: calh~c i, 1",-, I~'lh a hcgi ,mi ng .",1
an ,,"d. l1>i, i. p",ci",~ hi, n>"'''I'I;,,1l "f ,im,-. Rega,dl.,.. of ~n~
" ,h" ""'<melll .boon th. dum,ion "f 111< ,.-0<1<1, hi, opill ion ab"",
,h e <.",ah"" re l.tion bc,wttll . iI< and ".a,,,,p.rh<IDihk re'Mi<T'< ,im<
fmi( e. Hi> "e'" 11"" il ;, h"k<"<l po,,;!>k: 10 "C<luire a -C("'1~'''1 ~''
,io" of both pa" " " d r"",,,, aeo",'" indi,.tc, hi, (""""'oon (h" ,
,im. iu.-1f i. compfehemihle . Time then i. "'" infi"i,~, it I"" l~>lh
a b.'ginnins and an <nd . Ong<n " ... (he pa";,,iplc 'D'''''''''' I,h"",
malic (" indie,\(e "I"" i. " cre"'ur", a, wo h,,\"< <C<11.''' It i, (hell
d ear that ",h,." be
nf -,.:rov6", be indu,le< tiu,,, in thtm.
Ac<ordil\~), h,' ",,,., (h:.( "(he ,'o'\h""'I'Lotio" of ,,11 ",.d" 'hing.
Ip:yo'";",,. ;, a r", ite onc . ill ,I';, inclu,li"g "1,,, collt"mpb( ion of
,. . .
"".1 ;(
'1'''''''-
'I""'"
m 110/,
... er
1~.1 672 .
253
t!mc;'" it i; OI~l' thc knowledge ","t he Holy Triuity ,ha, ,, infilli,c.'"
Tit, "el)' r:.ct ,It., ,im .. ;tself j, C"'~Wf1" 1... ,1, ' 0 ,b,' cood,,'ioo
,Ita' 'ime i, IInl i ll~n i l~. b ,OI ,""('~he. fn,," a txginn inl( 'n an end.
Tlti, i, "'h)' 'ime i, (>.>mprd'<Il,a,ic .,nd 'colllemp"" ion' of,l.< whole
,im~ m"k """"'.
T he OpiniOD on 'he fini"'1<" of ,ime Ca" [., "',,"'et! from the
l~' n-r",,;"g '0 ~'" 'COI''''lOl'l"iOl' of 'o:t<ie O,i" &>' \" hid, 'Il,i,,!:,'
uldude tim e :.1.",1. In a<klilioJl ,ho"K" 'h~re aft '1""';. 1
to
'he 'co"l<mpb,ion' ,,r"1I ' im~. III "II~ ',h< king<I,,1U nf G'~l" i. i"t<r
pre,,i .. ",he cOD'"mpb,;Ol' of
""Ill' tn"rlc {1f'YOV"'''''') a"rl ' he
"cOn. whiclt will b" made \.~\.. ~""" .... <aV :.,,' h' 'he ...me work h"
ol,..,t\.".: "For me kb'gdom of Lord" \l,e co"'"!,"'ti"" of ,,11 'he
""on;, bo,h of ,It"", m"de a",1 ,hn.. ""hich "ill I~' m,I<; ."d i, i.
bl" ,hi> "oll mpill'i"" 'h" ' e,... mi ... ]>OIU. f,ic"ru.-'A ' \lld f"nh,,:
"d" in heri.ance of m,io".1 M.",... i. to " 'elllpbtion of .he,", aeo ...
"",de :,, ~l of tho," whic h will be 11",,1<.-'" Time th<tl i; he ld tu IN:
fmi.e. tha, is. it had a I><:giuning "",I ,,'iU COme to ;," "nd , Tb;, "
\\h) he ca" 'pe"k of "he order of 'be e'"i .... ~ of ~""n' (~,p; rii;
rv ;;~"o, '0(, ni.." l\'a,,,~,,,,,I,"" or 'all ,he """n, 0,""",
!>iolV":;','" "' "'c ll ~. "f ',he ex,~",ion of 'he "hol~ ,;me 1'0\,
5,,,,,.~~,,.o.;
Mo, ):J><Iyov '.'"
T lti. 1I0t;on c>f fmi,eo"", of time (o"ld ha," """n gn,he ... ,1 right
trom 'he "~", as " coroU",y tIo"'ng from 'he r"", 'h~' ,u"e pmper
;, <10'.1)" cu ,m,-c)C,1 ";Ih ,he ""rld i, ,,,lf The implied "",ion "r.
feeli llg) of '1,"cc.,illlc eOlJ kl lead directly '0 the wuci",io" ,b~, ,i me
a",1 'th" "metu... of Ih" world' (or.pace) 'I~'gin' togt ,h" o'Kl aoo
come '0 "" cnd '01('<1"" . Still Ongen doe, e"p~ca'" h;, \;c" OIl !he
qne-tion: ,;n>c i, "01 ;"h,u,"I)' lon& bu, ;, ha. a b<'ginning ",,,I an
Thi, i..... h)" he "ho '1><ak; of ']"'gin lli ng and cnd and m iddle
",re",,,,,,,,,
,h.
<"'"
""'>
.,Ill.
. . as .m
o ; ItmN
".. , ,. ,"",
<l ....
j ~.
1>
'"''''''''r>i->'''''
ong.,n;
.,..,
MQ.. XVII, I !.
'" c.;" 1\' , 69,
... _ ..JoIo, 10. XXXIX .
,~
j/..:.
~,
151
11 i' ""K",,,,nhy that "ll Ihe q""'tio ll of non infinity oflime Origen
;. oppo-oc<l to fu ndamemai Sloic ,k""nne. ,~,ee ,he latter beld ,im<
to b" i"H'ol< ;11 b",h ,1in:<IKms. "'''I is. I"Si "" d fu ,u,.." 00 thi,
'1"""'00 hi' lhough' is aho '.l'l.... ""d 10 O . CtJlIm~nll'< , t'" 'II'''''''
which cbim '0 " 'I>()u"d th e 1'''''' C hri"i"" m",,"I">O" of,ime ,,;th
0'" allY ' Heikni ... ,jon- of i,. A. a lI ~"'e, of f,e t. CuUmaOlu hold.
ti me '0 be intini'e iD both ,l i'=~)II" ill tlu . way ,,,,,,,li ng u,~ Wo
far a""y from 'he S,oic ""d A';"ote~ab collc"",i0l1 of i,. He ih(ked
po ..,law, ome "" an ex".io" infini'c in both do"",,,i,",,'" To him
tilll" i. nvt 3 ern,ure,'" i, '" i" fllli,c a nd i, '" in r,,,,, "" etemal
co""p,,,uo,, of God. 'l1,i. i, how he ,bino. be I"" ",I"etl 'he proh.
1<,,, or,ime OtIC< and for aU. SO ,It." ',im";' nO probleol ~'lJ' more.""
It , hould be aIM> ",..""d ,ha, ,h(" ,i mc or ,ltc
",-"n' i! n01
n:gar,k.:I a, OQo,,"1hi" g d,m''''DI f">m 11,, ';mc ill "hidl God i,
th ongh, '0 li\'~. S impl\,. "I ,h i. p"riod of li me the'" i, I\I~ UI~~' G....-I
h,,' "I", ,It< ,,'o,kl li"iltg witbin d,e S(JIW ,jme. Tlm' the csscnce of
'h i' ",,,,,,oins ;, ';I1"all)" a l1a,onjc onc. in wbich 'he no,;on of ,he
""... rla.till!l ,,-...1<1" It., simpl)
b) 'h<- ,1Q1;"n of 'e"crL"" i,'l; 1;0l~' , ba" aI",ad)" h<.,u co"..... ,1 <,,,I;"'r.
11).",f"...,_ <he "OIinn of 11t~ i" fmi<c i, in,'ol,'cu n(>t (>"1) i" ,he
co" ccp,ion "f "' h,,t i. i"fl"i,ci)' long, b,,, .J." infilli,d)' ,bon. It i.
tn", th" 'he Grrcb failotl w m.....,cr 1he C<."I,tr'dl COIK""" of ;nfiuit"",,,,d
c;tkul "s. 11 ","e!), d' e IUll" ""d Ih~ I""""'" of d," rot,,',-rgctON" 1"",,,ds
a limil '" 'l Ite dr~fru"ic eo" fl'1)"" ,i,,,, of G",d: :\b,hem"'ic. "' i,1t
th < prohlem. of co"'i " "i~ .nU 'hc 'nfu,il<' ..''"' ' n d'e ""kh.. wd
I"''''do",. of Z~n" of Eka _ in th e (,"', half of 'h ~ fIfth eet""",. n .(;.
'ne'" parad""e', n:co,dctl Il)" A';"",le.''' I'lDp'''U''1. u"dcT th e gui ...
of "cs,,"'e"". "gai"" lite po",bW ,;, of mouo" a. """," of lite fu n_
<kotnel,,~1 <o''''''I'tio''. m",idcr Sf'ac" .. ~ ",-""ill""'" uf I>()itl " . It
"'.. onl)' ,I", Stoic th'Hlgh' thal made ><)me ,en~"bbl,' .d,-an"", ill
th e illfmi,e.im,,1 r-"!cul,,, ,,,,d th e)" ,,,.,icipatcd ","'e of the eOllcept>
fom,e,1 iD modem :\ b ,h<mat;" . b<"gUlUi,tg ",'i,1t th e ca\culu, and
leading to 'he f"o(bmeb1al, of tbror)' of ""'. '"
'1''''''''''
t",,,,,, ."t"ti""cd
13-
nr., p.
Gltf.
~ .'-,
!.on,1on.
J9~9,
p. 89.
255
T he Stoi~. "-e'" c<>n. id<rill~ th< 'no",' .. th~ lim it I",t..,-""n P"-,t
0.",1 fnture, "" "'C ha,'c "'CIl. Tll;, notion. if l'",h1 " ~l1Jc , tould
ea,;l)' lea,l to tbe collch,,;oll tha, 11u. '''0,,' does nol "';'" al lIll ""
..
&_
tiu"",,,, , '" To them. time i. ,,,,, (Il~j" i"linite ill I~uh ,lir=~>ns_ but
aI", it is '1l>,:e'P,ible ofheing iufini,ely ,Ii'i>ildc. ,o""r<l, a limit which
" du,.,io,, ",d ,,,,"<I 10 !ul,
Orig<n d"", '00' hold ,h~ form~r of ,h... Stoic no,io"" tL,,,,,,ly.
of infwi'e tu" c!. Ho..,-~=, h. "ppcan to hold ,h. Ia".r, ,h~t i,- the
d",i;ibi li'J" of ,jure od ;,p.ir.m. In h;" thQugh' i, make. ",,,se to'r<ak
of ~" infin;tcf;,' ,bon ,ime. Th;" <k"o,,,, a durati<tn of "'hi<h bo,h
bc-gin,,-,"l-: alld "",I 'i,."",II~ coincide. He oo"'id<rs 'his iolit,i"'I)' .110<'
,Iur.,;"n mainly in ",k-r~ncc w di,;"" ac,ion 'he "'"rid 10 I"", W
be ... id. ho"'-~'Cr, ,ha( 'hc pbilo><,phical cm;ron", ... , w." alread)'
"'''"'''' IOr accelMu,S 'he notio)) of iI)jin,~ iu ,h(" "OU1e~, ,h" ,,", of
.o~in conCe'" t",. OriW''' '
'11,, ("()''''"J~ of the iJifmi~ " .... a ""'~ug" gro" ",1 '0 nlk:t:t on "'il)';U
'he i,,,dleCl""U fra"'~ "f th~ Ch",b, ",I", a''''''Y' PUf"S,,<-d ",,,itic. "f
m(~k"'tio,~ af 1',;';(., "1\(1. .I",,c all. c"tit;c, "hieh wct'!: in'cr
grat<-.:i in one w~)' or .. ,o,her. lu/iuite i, ,,,,,,hu,S uu/ini<h<-.:i and
not i" ''"rg", ... d; ~,i, ;" ,,'hy G""k '''etap b )~k< ,,-a, ..... ho<1 a'" 10 wd
come ,his n(l,i!)n to ' h e frame of
im'eS1ig-Aliotl" Wh e'.a, th e
,,010,.-<1 us<' ~"d defi>lili"" of opti"'" b) ,\,,,,";,,,,,,,<I<r ho.d " dill;,rrnt
se,,!,,' and o,ic"""io,, _ I,>,tllasme:tn . ,\'omi". "nd
nog.ml""
;c<on,L\r.,.. i,,<lcc,j uu<rior, reality. 'n" ... mc 11Otioo. how
".~(. " 'a; ,Lt: "'Ost su'lahle 10 ",lu",I,r"I" Ihe ", lam", 1",,,,,",,, ,I~ ily
and th e fu,i,, thi ng< of Ihe ""rid..'letaph) ,~c~1 ,h"'lghl em;",w'd
a gnd ,,-hich .. b<),,,,,,1 I;m ;". and adutnb"'<ed ,h i, .w-ity by m.an.
of an "otion. st,ggt"tinl! th;" ... a bo,mrlk" ""ing. "ndJco>. ;ndefu,itc.
unoom,ded. of itllu,en", 1""'>= a "d unlimi'i'ed knowledge , lu thi..
come"t, 'i,, 6ni,e' aw",.. ,be the ""'" ""p"'l'ri~1e nn a",1 noriOb
w .... "dc< ,hi. ("o"<~plio" of Ih,' di,inc. ,h,' ",[,n'm" n-aijl). God.
Th,
,ben cl~or"d " pl>l<;c .. an aOplabl.: ,onn U' 'pol'h:t,;c
'hcolo!!y. T he 'O u< of :\"COb'oni'''' , which w,,-. the ultimate source
't>
",110
i'ffori"""
'e,m
SIT, 11.
I~. I ~
,,,,,,-.
<00.
156
of ,,11 kind. an,l mod". of bo,i ng wa, 'infinite' , A, for Ih~ primary
,li'IDe power ",bid, ,lom in"I" a nd .dmini"." Ihe e,,'uc world,
,,-f,ich acco"lu'g 10 th. S1Di c_","",,, ,b agor<~" pbih:""Phy or nanlre.
i, 'he "" I',,-n\o' c...- ' n,~' "hieh ",10. ')I,'r an n, 1un', it ,,~, dO"Io"d
befinillg '0 be ""Ikd 'nfill it, ', In thi, ,,,ill, "nd con""lurn, I)'1D ,hi.
phi"""phital e",;ronmell', " ...," OLWUal for the ereati,-. l>Owor of
th e llih~c.J G",1. wbid, i. "'l!icc'
no limi1 a",1 ncc,""i!}". and cre_
""" . ,'ery,hing oul of nothing, 10 be caU",1 inSn;,.. '00, ,\",1 n01
onl) ,his d;"i "" I>on-cr. b", ~Iso 'he l'e""'l) of Ihi' I",,,,,,,,,a] God to
be ,",Ued infmi,. "" "'dl. Thi, m~.n. tha, ,he l\(),ion of infDli, ;,
pruf>M1)' of ,,'" ()'~)" Ihe >I'I' ",m" "'"'''pby,;.,,1 re"~ty, bu, al", of
th e inhe"'''' .",.",.. of things. Md ab,.'. all. of f;()(I!" Th ". '-"'''''' _
wall)' it ",-a, "If..,;,:!eut tlt a, ,h. "'I"ell1< l><"ing i; tlte 'infUlile' wruch
is dim''''n' and 1>.-)'0"01 all [ioi'e dung<. no,ioll> ,,,,01 ,..tabon. ,
In .........,\IoU i, i. "at~d
,he I"-'S'"" althungh acting wi, hi"
time, don '~>1 ac,u"lI), him odf "".d time ill on!er '0 act "'it hin 1be
wor.1. T hu. "f ()(le uce<l. much ,ime in order to oiler all lti. he l<)ng_
i"go to the poor I~'ople. th" l..ogoo ,,'<)uld "01 bo' bi"de!'<:<i I.)' ,in",
ill <)nl<- r '0 m:,k~ l~' rf"c, " ona" ", I\()
i" Ihi. "'ay", 'I'h.",f=.
-(hc", s1",uld h" nu h ",i ,~ti ot\ in "")' i"g ,ha, ,hi, m.n hec<>me. pc ...
fcct"ll ,,' " nce (..;Qtu.;,. "'" With rcfcrcllce 'o Jn<lgt:mc nl, i, i. "c"",l_
ingl)' ",,'cd:
'0
,ha,
"et,
,,,",,I <10 "'''' ,h",,1.I d oin\: ,10., ,,,mo k<nd of 101\g ,imc ~(I"",", '" .....
(It.... _ ) ..-ill l.>< ,,,,,,\ed 0r ""',,1.0<1;- '0 ,..",\er ,,, acoouo, >bout , 11
hi, lik h<<<: fo< God , by hi. "iU. ~'ill 011 . , "'''' SO "O",,*, m.~c
",,<>;uudy rcwlkct <\'<1)1hiog he ""'Hnitd <Iurillg I';' !if", be il good
'" rod: .,.1 God, I') hi. io<lfuhJ.- po",'r, ,,-ill ,toW ",'"ybody r",'1
"h" th"t " ... "" d'<l '" th"t ~ ~ iU onden",nd ~ hy he;' puni,hi
'" 1100"",01_ ,~",l ,,,,. might d:o,..,,,) 'h" ,be kaimo of ,he " 1>1.1
j odg<:m<>" <loco ,,.,. OO<'d tune " '""
' plo, ... ' u' '''''
"" &,; '''' X".s. ...' : b,n '" 111< I'C.u",x,iulI i, .id '0 1I.pp<" ' il, a
""'''''' ''', i" lb.' ,,,"'Iling of.n '1" ..... "" I d,u,\: ,he J "dg<,tnnlt "iU
.f'V"oo..........".
"""",,\loll
'" Cl
"Wd<lt..".!!l,""""U,. ."
,., .-11,..
... j ['--<or, I ~ ,
I~,
Ill.
;2,
257
XpOvuu KoJ..Jw\o 5,,;,.,,,,,. 'i"a o'A'apGfi iuliv Kt~i tilw iWov lpOv"'" rr.:;
/v .-rt.il<.< I;o>ii, MJ"",,\; and 00 O<le ,ho<~d be u,oJ:,;lhf,~ '0 ,he po"-e.
of C",I 10 "","e ,hi"go I"'ppe" "' i,h .uch mpidi1)' {TIf' '''~" rii:;
800\0 pi "'~f(' t;~V"I""".i; for G,>d did not nee,1 ,ime 10 ",,,b;
,hi; creation ; a"d if it i. ""id tha, thi. h .. b<:<n mad. iD .ix d,)"
onc . ho\\I,1 h" '-"'1' c",did in lHJller;'an,li rlg ,,hm 'he m<anillg of
,he ,ix ,I"p ",, "" [,,<kc,[ 11,. J udgrrn,'m will OCCUT it, a " . ~ ,,'h;,-b
i, th e ,,,,," e to th a, "hid, 1'.,,1 predi,," 000'" the RcJUr ....'<:I~"' '''
I.iL",wi"" in " Fmgme", uf """'J", 'lnoti"g J<r. 21\. 8 i, i. I">iu,,,,[
om 'hat the """""mOla,ioD will happen all a' 0"" go io.9~. '"
T herefore. Orig<ll hold. th., i, i, Vo"ihl. for 80 action '0 ,ake
1'1""," i" tim, ,,,,d yet 10 ba,,,, "., d u r.";o,, . T hat i, a kin,l <J ,"u' _
po .... li,) "hieh i, 'ime of no 'hH-~tion 1)\01 xp6v",:; 3'"~''''''I.''' 'ni,
",<a",
a , ~"ion of infinitely di,;"!>I. ,im. i, 'q)hdd ; acconli"g
to tbi . a ___ ." a limit be,wccn 1"" a"d fu'm~ i. an infiDj,ciy
,im< withou, du"ui"" ," all .
Ongen is (OIociou, of
ro~e.p'io~; i~ a"""'p,ing to <iq,ie!
sisnifocan"" uf 'h< Ju<w'",,'''' [u"l",r, he ,,re" 10 ,h .. 'Iwgil)n;"s' of
J udgement, >1ati"s ,h a, ,hi, ..-ill '!.>egi n ,,- i,h ,h.".. who Ok-" 'h" m,,,,
,kl",;. Y<t he pu, ' he foUowillS in [""<"ob"",,, in 'he ",iddle of
lci. ph .."",:
'Q"
,ha,
U,,,,,
,h"
u,""...
,h.
",,,,",,,,,,,,<1
l.a~"""",n'~,, ; f",
'Hdy
a, an ;",.11"",1 '-"'''''1,0
I><'f"",'"
H" know, , I".. in . uch a c..e i, 01,,1:. "" .. ""I ,",u,", '0 ,peal; abou,
I"'gu",-,,,g'. a< if ,b ;, ,,-el'l: some,h;"g ,b"Ulguisbe<i fmm d," n." uf
'he "h ... k d"'atio'L ~'Qr tn ,hi. '""n..,nd",; nSo,ime' nQti<.on< ,,,d, as
b<gi" ni"g. o ",1. or indecd C',-",U duml;on. applr onlr a, intdlce_
,ua i
'he
atlen""'c-<l .. me.
'1'10 ", ~\. ""tion "r " oo...,,,du'-;,,<; Om" ... 11)b,~i to ,he cI'I:ati",
act of God, 10 1 ),~ ilivio<, jUdgN".. t\(, . . " 'd l ". 10 <I,c """'1'1:01;0" .
al",,,,,,,io,,. ;"
"""'1
... 1'ItiIv. 0]", h<'ld !ho, "'" M_' dIi)' of <rt,ti"" ;.-.bo:>." ,," ""'" but an """',
Cf_ /" tIJ>I'oW ,'/...... L~'6--7 _
~ , ''w''.d;,,!! '" I 0.-_ IS. ~2 ...,<
_ I t. .. 11,9_
X,.'(!'<\'
~ i f....... tilt """ .~ .,...~""" . ..
'~ 10<-... onr ",' ; Cf Ari.< ..... , " '..... 11lbaU ,
... _ ...1'", 11. 9 _
'" T hat ~ ,"""", 'h< ooo"l"mioo of u... joodot<'" < " ~ ~ \I"', 1-1. 10,
or ,~~
'" r"-","",,,
or
nI"'",
158
T here .'" aloo oth cr <m"'~plio n. to ,,'hich thi. "oti",,, ;" applied. I"
n Pmg>"~,,, of rof'IMJoIut ,,c read thi; C01"",,,1I1 "'u J",l", 11.27;
hi> [.... J"''''l .... u "a. ""loud ,,,,rora,,,,,1 , 1""" all tl~.,.., hu, Le
,..., n,O <Io",i"".d 1,.,- ,n,bora.~' .. n' a. On. ", ;~h, thh'k, ",.. U 110;'
"'.. b"t '1l0'''cu''ry ci ' "p'ni",,; Ilo i. i. ",L., 'hc "'om "0'" ,~,
~!!Ilif"", for .. ""'" .. i, ""1f"U ;1 "<>pp<d iIp,,!"Jp '. 6~, <,,1
..""""'":; "",I pr,. :tically ......... <i..i.\ ;' ~-... .,00,' of ti"",
~, tpt\vob. '-\' HI )'on ",,,,,Id ..,., ,h., 1,,, p,a)" !Or hi, h.t"" "II-'i,,"
,h~ iX''''''' fighting ,~.in" Ioil" to ,ake pltc. no< in durat"''' 01
,"", ,, "-'P"''''''' :u>Y""" Lut III a 0"'" ~U' .. '" ,.~,), "" loch "'~
<Iluugh fU!" the ,,-,tU of J<>'" 10 """'1ua lh" 1""' ...r th< ,~ il.'"
"""t....
,u,,,,
'llli, ;" how the "otio" of "oll-<lId uring time i. dc-;criool. AU tlu"ntfl<>t'al t""m 11",,1 IInderline the roincide"ce or the beginning ""d
,"d "'f ,hi, d",.... I;"n . Ono' also can -'<" a ring of tbe wn<el~;on <.of
ti"", a, """",wn and contin""m in the ftgUre of I.... int uf ~ li,,,:
"l'pli<,1 to tlo;' n(>I" "lfl " ring tim<, '" 1'(Or ind<..,rl in CC"'tn<l,) I.... i"'
of" line i. I~"tulat"l "' Io.,;ng "" len!(l ll " " d it, lJ<iuning "nd
e"d coi11cide.'"
rill:.!I)" " l'h""gh O riJol"II ImId, Ill<' "",,,,n of ;IIti,u"'J), ,1t<>11 time.
h ~ re"",i". rO tl ,;.U: "1 " 'ith hi, w ncepti'"' of lim~ .. ",al . II ~ h ..
"oue of the Stoir r,,,'c"'~,ioll ' wloich "",I to ,Ii"l"''' 'he T''''~ t)' of
'no\>" "" tl~' co,,,idcr it 'CT't j,hj" to ~" inc,ioll hy both P"" and
flltu",. To hill, 'no,," Iv"," i, fitllr ",.,1 time. Ilkt all tim" i;. It i,
u,
,,al 'nOli' l1 .. t real ",ml~'ral ",.~,,,. occur; ,,,,d d>O><" ",'e,u,'
a", nut unl)" real, b"t tll<'Y al"" ~re ,,,noid.red to I~' cl ;,; .... "'(lO'"
of ~nortnO\" iml~'rta'''c f(" the ,mire world.
Tht <00, 01"";,,,, i, thm O rigen r.-j" the "i,w titat time i. infi,tite
iu either <.of i", ,brc<:tion . '11lc irlterconll'ct,d", .. bet,,=n iofLuity
aud cO"'I'", I"'",;1>;hl)" ;, reg;ud",1 in a COnteX' ditr""'bl froo~ th",
"f St";r'''''' N,,'c"h.-le", Iw hold, a nOOoo, of ;nr",it,.j) shon ti t"",
a ,ime of 110 'h,mtion at "11. III th;" r~." h< dO<$ ' lQI 110< ,he t"rn,
' i"finitc' directl)"; )"tt h,
hi. DOt;"" 01'"0 ir,fU1ite rli,;, i!>il_
,"is
"'1''''''''
... fiJ"'"
I."XX\'HJ.
'" y" Orig<n knot-. m., dUo ~ j"" "" ,,,",,,,ur. ,, "'P'" k", dUo ~ ~hy ""
"""' "'" .. f""..... 'to,; H<>,; .u..;v' ",1U<h I _,""".,. 'pro<OCaIy', '.&tminol; 1"ld<1
.od Soot .., r....-FAfIiP! 1 _ but "'" """""'" """,,".., of tM "1""";"" j, 'I
.. y OD )~ , I ".. . m.,..,ur", " I"'""'''''.
~, 1<;' indico!i,,, of. cnuin ~"'" m." "' G"" ,11< """ lot- I!,,,,,,,.tri"., l"A"" ",od kw .".....,.' ~ Iht """. "'""~ 0'''''''.
259
'0
Orig<."' regard, th< ent're world a, I~jng 'ill' 'imc'" '" "undcr' ,imc'"
flu' "I'hough ,hi, ,in... i, oIWCl"'cI) on . ,h .. 1"'''''1)(io'' of i, i, no'
'he ",mc in d,fkrc n' p"rticubr ,,,,-,,lds. 'fh". he i",,,,,hlCc, a notioo
of TCbti,ity ill thc I>CTC"J>tion of ,ime i" the ,-ario", mu .. of lif. 10
~", tlo"..., ;, ao ;m"""ting portion'
link to maD", !Ouch", .....o,<r 1;" '"11 be;og. r,of 'M"DeC,
"I... ;. ~" k to nI:,,, i, t.;g '0 d,ild. Sa tru (w,,' of I,w" .. , Iifi
bone ;, ~tt'" OOnl0>"--d ,,, oIIe ".""", of die 1"""'" ae.,.. ",hi<h coonpruc. '''"0)" ),,. ... 1.iJ<",,-;"', ~Ioot ;. lj,,1< to G.xl i , ,,,",ch to '" ",,,I
Wbat ;.
"'m)'< 1"-'OJ>k,"'OD
" UI1I< w Cud. llb,,,, "'",cl"Ol<. " ;" -aj,L 'Corn".
"'H.r 11 ..... ')HO ,h) ch.onbcn, .".1 , hu , ,b)" .1",,, . bo,,,
~ Iook
~_. tooe ,h),,,,IfIOr . bn., " """.,,,,'''' d", .. )it'g .I~"". "tlk """",.,,,
1h",,1d be .-.ga.td.d .. ,..reni,IS "'" <0 ,loo b"on t"
"'00 ,,..
,h.,..
""xrrd to ~-alI; ",od ''' 'or I';' ch.."bc"" but '0 the ",I,tiooo '0 l lion
,,00 "''''uo'''''!" ""'" ' u ~ 00m " b,,'" "h., ~, ,be fo.m", ~ "",,,,h.'"
'n"", I"" id.. 'he noti"D of ' he radical 'F,u"Cf"nrlr-ur-.. of God with
~I"'" to tune. th"..., i. a ,uS!l'-""ion of reL~'i"it), in th" p<"rt"l'tioD
of .in... i.,..lf h) ci ,,,,,' (;00 or ,,,,,,,,n'C .
Th;' is a 1"-"'" on "hieh Orige" " ~'o"gh' "' ro",,",,,,",1 ,,';,t, ,he
Sloic lheoo)" 11'10<" 'h", ,lef,n< I,mc "-, ""t.""ion, 'h", du "0' ,ntl"<)'
rluce aD)' not i , "f rdui"i,), i" the ,,,cutal hold of i,. To ,hcm 'he
"",rid;' material arid ,h.it gorl "' ..I", mn,,,,i..l a",1 imm~"'nl iD
,h". In PO'''''';'';'tg tu,," a' "~Wrl'io". 'htoy "'S""I ;t '" ~ """,,....:1 rc~l
it )' "hi"h h.~, "n vbj<ct",c ch ....",or. 0" "",oun' <flthi, ooject ,,it)" .
... j,,,....
'al
'" ftJ....
I; .fr]....
'M [ . 2("
2Q.
~' ;".u..,
ex .
12, 10,
the)" go f"nhcr " nd a"ril>u,~ '" ti me 'he 1'''>1''''')' of heing 'a mea_
,ure and cri, .. rion of 1I,,'h r.,,,,~ .. and ,10"'",,"','"
I" CO",''',,,, On gen ",aj",aj", the no'io" of God'o " .. hud ,ran""" 1)""1)0" '0 the " -orid, The nOlion "f ,da'i\ily ;, ,,!,plied n", o,d~
,,;th ""1"'" 10 God, bu, ~l", "-;lh ,<,peel to ' he .:n"" of lim~ ;"
th .. ,tiffw,,,, rank:. of lif.. ;
V'''''''
,\, "i )'00 ,1.0"1.-1,... th., ~-. ""r p-rd ,he " l"":~ ofth<
aeon
.. <U), th< 0>" is long ~ iu,
'0 0>, bu, ;, ,M" "',(] coo';",
U'S ju" of " f", Y"''''' ~ ;u ,
'0 'he lif< of nod .,od of f:Jtn;,
''''I''''
""!"'''
."d of ,h,' Ilol) SpiriL s.""",hinl! >ionjJ", CO" I>< cid .OOU' "'" bh""j
I"""''', ~ I", ,,",,'e ..""xIo;,j ;",o pia<.... ".l ..d, "" , lustoe, rot"p.,., j !o
,10.,.... on",), 0"" ",,;,,;ng hdo,.. ,10< Holr Tri," ,),. F", ,he
10.. Ill< " ..". ,dat;"" '0 0",,, hfe,~, d>.y in ,he h"',,on 101< U, NO'
I"'ruoo "itl1 !ll< "t"k ,ime ob>! tow""" b<iu8 In-...'"
1'''''''''' a.""
I n line ",;,h thi, ;'1". ,-,f ,-.:I",;,;,), in ' he I""",ep,io" of ,ime, bc ".tc.
,h a, ",h.re ;, 'lOtlting ",,-,,,denul in 'h" fan ,lI.lt to God 11" ",1101t
ae",' i, n'g-~n:kd a. dl~ e~wr"ion of 0'" of On' d~~~; and '" "')
,-i.;..-, ""~n
10_"'"
r-,,...,
""
6"",,,-.,,,
261
<"'''<x, and in 11>< .am. "" " '" '" in O rigt'll. wa, U,k"" "I' by J ohn
Ch,)"'"""om .... ." wdl b.,. P.,.'ti.1l; ,\iJb.~,'" ,,,,d U I)",p;<><lon", of
,\ I" <.",1ri;, ... .
'\01 "1)1) lh,. lCml a,6<1"l~'" hUI also alil'r"~</F{"mfJ<o, cnjoy<'<!
a pmm;n e", po>" ion ;n Ihe 'vcahul",)" of .ub..-:<Iu<nl Chri""n wril'
e". It eau 1>< clearl.,. ICc ll that Urigcu wo> 'hc fo,erull"" of Ihe
<OI,cq>lion.... " 'cU ", Imm, wbich con>l;'UIC Ihc cor<: of 'hc ,-;cw
of rime in a '-ao, uwn!>.:r of C hri,ri"" n ll thoro, Gregory of Nl"~"'"
6"''''''''00&0., <v " "....... " ~. """""'" ~" ","",,,,, ,'_. 1.12, 1'0
:III.'P.\,'co.d;RsJ)'.!Ia,.. ore ........... "',,,. M. oi.< ~". "'..,,, [..,. P _ I
,] ~" 1",1", ~ S'Mt""n, t;"" <rlrt.io '<">"'I)(lIKo. /o,~,,; ~ .". \".0, <mv1\
O"ritIl< ... ;] """""" "jlOo-,y a.", (i,,,~,_ '-IlO;'l,,,_ ...."., E
H3 ;
''0 ~_5%. lie ...... 'I'<.l ,.bo<oI the ~"",,~'.m...d Aria>" oi ll....."""" 6"''''''''''4'
rot.r.
""~"'" ~os., "'" 6<.loIl '" ........ " ro Or- ~""poUo', 1_", .".",.
- . ~9, ,'<.] 31. 111. Q-U" "'f'<'''diy, the I<no 6.,;"-"",,, in thD << .. "",d."
him ~'ho ~., n...... ;nllu<n<l "" Orig'""'. 11-.o...gnC .....",1). G'<II,.... ,,f "r.... . ,
q.- M ">It,,,,",.
""Y 10>".. the
&l~,,,,,,,
"""~ lou,
. ku be<>"", ....... ". _0' ~..... " on ><rouo, ol hi, ,""",,,..,., ol""", ..
'~', 'O.,.."(MI"",, rile; "'" ....... i;ooi\,; "'" mi. """"'" &.r.a~ ~.;
m', ro,. ,.,.",....;, "'" t,; "",-.- J<OO .m.,.., 6>10-,,,,,.- ....." /If " 0'''"", . .. ;]
1>r-i;Oo.,ww, OM '
,.t. ,;..i. oil.
.. '"' """"" "" ..".". ~ ""'''~ .ojo- "'" . ,""'" .. "'" ..... fv-.,.,w, fH ... ~,
.. lO-,<p ... ......... ... oi.&.i", ;~. ,..", .,..""'" ivv",i, .;, fH"o"",,,, Rll<l
<I,'
;, r"","",,1/y
"'no
"<GOY .\,.;,.".
""'to
lW,,,,,,
~ roi; ""'~
o.ao..;oo..o, ..
...,.,. "I",.. oi.< ,~ d06"," .1",,,,..,. /or "'.. _ 8ot{,.-. ,lU ' ",. ,,,<>; .",~""""
""'""''' t1r<
1'Tl......, <1."", ...." . ;; & JJ-,... """""'" /.,n _ . . .;,,...0
"e,""
",r", "'"
" ,......""'" ~w
.. Joo. Cluj-...Mo>mC ,I."" ;'.Ipa, i,f '""' 01 . ... ",,,1-,,,,,, ,. ,~= 1"'!).""" p...".,,]. . ,.,,'" &o;.ro , . .. /VU b"""",",,,, ~ ~., "''' ......
~" /011,,,,,, a,," .<Mo who, "",,, .. ,,,,, "'"..".. ~.~, et ;W, ~." 1'0 .Y.l ,%re
""'" <i\.; I~~ Iyd .... .. . "'"'
rl to &M"",~ .lo,t~ 11_ .. .If , _ , 19.>.
.., t""" ,\bl,.;", .;..;,-", '" "'u"""''' '" II<M""," ,;;, Iud"""
10;
"'.s."
''G lO.l l n,
... 01)"",;00"", '" ,\k>.an<lrio - . ..... ,"."
.,......Iv
Or_.
,,,",,,,,,r tL lA- .,,;; .. f.m.,;.._. 3.1, 1'G 9HO.I. 1<>" > ~''"''''''''
- G~ or:>""" r.ao""",,,,,,, '''' ' 0,,",,"," _..-i"r-<", I~'. ;, '"''''''
""'"'I( c...o. El "PI"", I'G f'.9:ll. f.<),'-';,,,, ~.-, """""""'" ,bou' tbf "'",.
'''''" '" Ih<- I"""" ;n Ih< ~ocld.... 0100 """" il,'" 1<><, rile; e.~ ~ b..l .a.-_
o;aO'
,...
"w""'~.,,:.m
w-. .,,'" .... "'..,., _._ ...,(~" 0.0;. C _
3~. PG '5.00. Kd'<"hlg 10 dl< """,' .. ~"'''. I... ""'" ""'fC
"'"tt .....-d., """Liog 0( tip S,,,,,,f)ftfttl"" , ... ,,1.......
t;
,
I ~; ''G 4~.'064. f~;"8 ~n ;n tt.. "'''''' of 'o.g;rung &eI1i in C-= 1.1
, "I<mog" Ihe pw>->denci.ol ",,"'.," "" ,,""", m.,;' 1"<1' '~m'.~ b"", .,.
><k., '"
'''pO''''''" c-.
o.;g.., ,',
~fttl('<)(; """"""" &llorpioo:; ~." .~ ... """''", 8., I'G H.n F.<h"",-"
~" , ....... ob>o C,.-,d " th< '<On"'- 0( , ... ..,., ;0 "" - - . . ' " '''J' ,.".",...-.ol <OU .....
..,. ~h."",,=. he "",al, '" G,,,, .. ai.ia ... ''''''''' 6"",,,,",,,,(,<)(; ",".a, ...
~62
"" e"".,.n'"", I" ~ "" ,="," ... ,' ". I'G 16.171. ,\pin, be ".1<" ro
<he !<'"'''''''' of th< "'" ex;.'''' .. ~ ~ .. I"""'W'! b) C>ri!c'" ano.l "'" h~ ,,..,.
J,., ..""
,ij.
' 1'h<OOor< , . ~
..........
_ . u ....;.,' J .,......,,,.. ..
.
......
ew;;' ""
~""i.
"'4"
.', .....
.., Jp"
+,joii; """"''''<Tri.,,, '''' ".~~ ....... ~ 11.
,, " ' - "" ........ 1 ......1....
PG 9J,Il2'l,
2_~
.~
~OnIO
'''' "'""-' 11"-, 2 . ~7; f'G ~,:>f.8. Wh.., Aoh.na ...... u ... ho: ... ;, ".. only Orit!<'n',
~ of (I" ... Iatk<. of 'f I."", 10 ,... l;on. "'" 0)", ~~ ,,"nn ;. ~ of
,<,"por'; "("""~'
~,
M...... '"
<;""',,, 'l->Io
a"" ..,;;
_to
t;'.
."""""
6d,,,,,,,,., .. .
"""""P<"'''...s,..,.".
u.;g. ...
.-v.... I, XXIX.
263
Origtn', .~. a", I~" O rigm', 0",10 "'-1",,,,,,01" "mpl<.>ytd by <>n:golY.'"
Th .. "'f,n;tion of ,;m,' 1'""per a, J'"",qplr, ;Ig ...1;11io" 10 'I"'c po'tray"d h mean, of n", t~nn ""1'~"I".-r~IYw."",.,: the adumb .... ti""
of Ihe <lil' in< lit. th",,,gl' Ihe IC!'In ,jJ,C<"Wn.o;. ~ lId. Ul !!<,I><'~ \. the
co"cel'tio ll of timr a lld di'; ll c t;mde",..."" "re ,,;mpl)' "',,,..:Ifor-.... ,,,d
O ri!!<,n', id" ",1 " Iu-a,,,..
Hell<~. Ilcis ;, ,, '" 11", ca", of" '1"lId ~crou,, " " is rort...,. ' he
case or mc,d} "fWJ1iItg the "i~,,' of ti me and di"u'e ",alii). a, e>l~ I,.
1;.001 alld cmk'],c,1 hy G,cgor,-'. ma,'c,. Origtll .
I si'" one exa mple of 'he diilorti"". ,..hich Origm", Ih"ught
",ffom!' I" a ""I>Cl. 11. 0. .. "" aC1lL,Il.,. foUo,.., J. Call.h.~n , \iOl~
of ,he coneepunn of tim, in (;",)(or), of i\'}~,a ,...><1 I ~" il of C~'at~a.
a. d,,,,,,,,,,,,d . I",nl), bdol> . It is Ol 'iki ng!) ol.",i"u,. h",,",-cr. lh~' O U.
I"", but a I'all'''', distoned "011. at a lly ...... . ,,,direct kll ""'lodg" of
O rigtn', th""ght. I ;h;,U um CO""'lCn' on lti' d'lim oh", Urigell ',
,hooKbt "'., bIll ~ C bri"i~" '"1:T>~m uf l~at01,isl1l: ,,"oi'her 0 11 chUrll'
,uch '" 11"" Origrn ,~g"r<" 'h" Son .. 'c,"am,ely' ,'" I only II",e
ho,,' c'roneO~' is ) argue tha' ,h,' """ of 'he ' erm, .s,6tr"l~" ~nd
Juj""a"" u><od fo' ,ime P'of'''' firs( como, into the Ch';"'.n ,-OO-"b
ul ~ ,y ",'i,h ~lcth()(l iu, critique of 0.-iKC1l ... ' ,\"d he fu n her ' ''~CI:
'The point ofimpormoce;, , hat '-'<fore the Cap",tdoci",,'. 5\40,~~
" ",,-"<1 ib a IIeg,,,i,,, ",M< (ao iu Me,hodi", of Olpnp," , .. 10 is
,'''' u.oo "" ~ " ",""", i~1 alld io~b, ".I~. mark of.1I efla'" ..... 11,,,
it is d ear Iha , ,h~ i"'p,,""nce of ,im~ i, b ,oug ht OU, by the al",,
'~"''''CDt of Origc,, , cmal creatio,, " .... 'Il,e TCadcr C"" j udg<: tor
1ti,,,,,lf b",,' TIluch 'hc aut hor of ,h. M,;"le " II U"..-aTC of ()rig,~ .,
Iie",~. H" e''''',u,l) 00., "0' ' '''1''"<' ma, ,\te,hoc\iu, u, lri. ' Ulf. ;,
""J'''''y 'critiqu" of Origr'" .." " .impl) " ,illg O ''ige''', ""',, " ouoos
~ .. ".
'""_" ....
t.l~9
, PG
'5.:1(;',
t.l;()-l PG
"'.:l6Il', l.liII5 -9 1'(; '1H61 I; 2.'1"'" '" ~ "~ , IOM 8.~ 1'0 ~~.;%.. 9,2 PG
"~.8O'l,
/;rl. 7. pr; +U29, .. 11... , f'(, !-I.M . 0. Cr<go>t)', , .....,
,_ H. ,-on
I''';' !~ ' ~ i , 1'1'_ ! 10_
" It. s.o.-.t;i ;ndudu .... ,",~,Jtioo of 6",. by ~ of C... ,."", ,n,,,,,,, ,,,,,",
..'B..!_.
" -. ;. , _ " ,..,..
,.. H. Uti.. ''(]'')IO')' ,I: Kp,," ""d "'" C.pp""" .... ~ '" ,I:T"",,", SJ.h
1'o!Iri.o<w. I t1 19'b\ pp, 121 57
.. 0,. no. p. ~3~ .
... 0,. no. p. 33&.
n,
I,
~61
and l<m1inology, FL!(1 )"". he d .... n()\ l1w",' ,IL" wt"" he call! 1he
'Ca l'l"" loci"" tOIlCq>1iOl' of 1illlc' h" 'wo "'I""'''' ' rIDt. " "'aillly
'objeCln'" ,,:,. ... of ti",~. hd,l by Ila, il; ",con,II),. " , nai,~)' 'p,ycb,..
logical' on". hcld l>j G"'gO!). Ilo'h of lhcm origin.,ed ill OrigCII
a,,,1 ho,h al,!",:.r in '\U8',,' in . T he :,,"hor fun her daim. 11"" Origell
,I.... "'" aCluruJy di;,inguish hc,,,tt,, 't~"c' " " d 'e'cn,i,y', "hi; '}.. _
telll lDake> li"le of 'he difrerencc" he .liege>. I" fac'. howe,,,,.
Origen', di"ioc1ion "",,,-c,,, dil'ioo ,i",d,,,n,,,, a",) " 'orldl), ';01" i.
far ,h ."." ,h~" " i. ill Gt'<l!"'Y of "''''';'''><'"', fo< ~"''''1'1,' . For 10
the 1,.,,r a;";, i; aOOI",d ill "'''''. "hieh might l.>< ,ak" a. a
'time of God ... "-here",, ill Urlgcn thrre i. uo room for ... ch 1'''SUr
id.,,,. ''''lcdJ' 1.>...,,,, limo '" i,..,lf ha. " ITrmi" "",) cruc;,,1
raj"""
,I'<m:.
"''''01''.
",<", '0
,1,,,,
Orig<"n~
i,.
,=
I'""
'" er
PG :SO;,l2<'. 1'G
'H,lm.
265
is ,<) ' he timd<',.., namd)", ,ha, which i,
'lr~tch<:<l
"'."l"
"(li'o>,';...
rv"
"i"'.
'0
..
1"<0 """
~, Wt,
, <Wo.'
<. "';;
... John
l.iyt-,~"
",,&
'1_n', "fP,. s: PG
l~ , lln
""'It"'"
".i
w.,
g-t
;, t ....
,j"
""'lro;. '1'\,;,
U.. "',.,.
'~'oorOC
oJo>fulitioo of
'" G. /bv.>l;;,
c-
ot>I~.
le . ".
l'~ .
1'l601.
p.~.
267
,ha,
e"lUnl~'
'his thought:
,\o,iou, . od O,;g.::o <C I>CC><"' <"",,,,;,JI), ,I"
~""<
fonu of "d,C'ljc
Th, f;,ct ;.. ho,,'nct. 'hm if 0"" I"".. r" how AILi",,, trea" time
pro",:r. he will I>c f"<",1 wi,h 'he u>c of the Stoic n)! 'ex",io,,'
"-;,hi,, ~" e" Ut<' ,kf",i,ioto ,,/';cb ;. p"rel) "';onic. Acco"lu'g IQ
him. tim< '" ... made a, a " <x ,, "" " of 'he mo,-.;mc,,, of ,I", "o,ld .
.. er.
"f",,",,
iuq""
",,.,u,,,,"
,.r
1", "',"
""""
,,,,,boo Itiod
rom<' """
''';;''''''t.
,10.0,,,, ",-"
a, all u""'II" uf c'"mi')~ ,," d ,h ;" rUllage] ;" a me,..,"", of ,h. imm OlL'lbil_
i,)" of the e'cmal world:
Inlem,lngiu,g $,ok. 11."0" ic and AristOlebao m,ioo1oy. ,\ I ~ i ,,,,,
.. )~ "'~, ti",.. , ~, " 'e c~.,..ri'mce j , il) ,h i, KOfid, ",-m .. to undcr
,ta'Kl h",, 'imeh' ",abty .. hk~. That ",id . 110,,"',",<,. 'he on' ologi_
eal <""cquioD of ,im. i, "tru-ly th e l'la'ornc on~; ,im. i, an 'iruag<o'
of , b '.m,d world'
rOO "loiw",,1-'" Tb. c<oucq>1ioll of' im<
co,d,1 nol h" 'tilfcrem. , ioce Alb'" " . "')~ all ,b ;, i"
expooilion or
the 11.,,,nic doe',i .... . A, :JJ e'en .... ;, i, ~JI IM.t ,h,' c""" 'hat O.ige"
a nd AI!>i"u . 'l.>clootg to t he ",me school',
.i""""
,It,
a ll. Fo ' th e 'I ,,,~ 'io" of tl.,. 'c.Ii'~ of tim" "",. a hjghJ~ COI"",'C'
,ial <Oil<', and " ill i,_ '!lte "'II"mcnt> frmn ,h~ time of ,he Eka'ic
phi10,0I>hc" un , il th. Sccplic, w<n; r:t i, ing , tro ll g d" "I>" ". h>
wb.,Ler ti llle i,,,,lf "'3.1k CID!>. "'ris'otl.', "'U<>gi,,,,, had .1", co,, _
trilM"d 10 >oeh " (omj,I""'rio".... To ' h" $,oico., rim" ..."" j">1 a
..... nw,hing I.t",,n being ,,,,d I\o"'[>"i l)& ~, 'ti,,," ,,'a, one of ,,' h ~L
th ey c"lie<l inL'O'l",,,,,,l., "hich a ,,, de,pi><:d b )' 'hem a. i'"Jet i,'" a",1
1l0' bcillg "",I w,i,,!! outy in ha", " ,u"I'!" To GDosti. 011 ,L<
o,her ha",l. ,illl. ha> uo fi,lI ,e~l it)"" ",,01 their I<ndc Dcy ;,. 10 lIepl<
aDd a"",d i,. 'lio," " not a l~alOnic 'utoage' of o1<01i,y <>r ",'tu a
I~orini"" 'u" i,~, io'" or it; l' i, ~ , '"''' a c., .. ',,,,,," of "1C"O') ~"d i1
'" A'lU.".,
I~
.. ct ,...... ",,1<
~ilh
~ , ~ ~,.
' I. 6-
.,..uI.
po->iDl ""'<ode """"".-...b l.], ,->e>. of <h< ...... _ , ,r. <h<" "" ..
... "". of _ .. tin>< . , 01"" F"" I ll. ~li11<', -,\ttito<le "" the .-.-.ti~ of """",
.I"';;'fo' G." I~"" On Pi,~u. L\' , '911 ., pp. , ~< .15; :>-:"""." K ,,"n~
",\riotW>: "" 'h< ;n>WI' of ,~-. I~,!I .... .
sn" '''PI'. ' ' ' . SO
AI , h"
,<i._
w, ..
269
is "" far ,."m",,,d fmm io> m"dd tha" in the fin, l a n,l\-.i . it i.
rq,>3rded a lie. '"
he" in 0'" d. y ,he", .re ,..,,,., " 'h;"b """''111)" .I,"y d, ,, ",aliI}'
of tin ... . I'rom;,wn, .n""'g oIn'''' is th,, [ of j..\I.K _\IcTagg"",,'"
,,-h ich ha, e. ,y"),,d m"ch "tocm;o" amons.l th"", ,..ho ",,<I>,' 'h e
pml~e , " of timo. Although it ha, I""n "rguod 'hat 'he word. exptc>1l
ing f~",' CQUkf he "'l,l>ce,! h)" (~"CT" timOowurw no' eXl'rc",ng Ho,.,.....
,h;" ,ie" h'" bee" ""i,,~d ~)" ",hol""" such ." R. n"I<."" "h"",,,,
od,"", h a", ron-<l.d d", ,,,,}lacc~bilj'r of llo"jng-"ords in ,""ajn
rutn",d contex1>.-' On 'ho o,her hand, ,he idoa .,r 110"';"8 ,;m e
f"" I""on hea,;I)" rcp",E.t<:,1 10)" ",fta-.. , uch "" lJ.C. \Villi",,,," and
D.H ..\l eUor .... II<-";(I~,. ;,-, Phy,ics 'h"'" b a ""'c,,' "cd"" of ' h"
,;c'" , ha, ,ime ",igb, e,u"" hn' ",i,h a low", <kgrtt of reali,)"; ,h;"
,;c,,' i< dine""n j;-om ' h" S"';" one, jna"" uc h a. i, suggc>u 'h'"
' ime d"p.-nd. "n " m"", f" n<l,mcIH"f a nd no,,,eml~,ntf " ,,,lit)" ....
f" . hor!. tit, '1u,"",io" "f th e r<ali'l of'ime h:u =<;,.e,! a ,'a"
,-ari",), of "",wer<. Time;' reaf, , ime .. uurtal. lim" t. of a q,ru;.
"":obl) \~ "H"" "q uaiJ) .ppc~li "g (0 oc10001,, a. ri"~I -""'n on ,he
qllc"j"" of lu"e- "" 11", S",io:, .,>tl Epi cu ,"~"ii."" i, is of 10",<",
,kgr<'" .,r '"ah ,)": ' ime in it<df may he ",al, b", at lea" it< di,iwn<
arc in miod: 'h e ,,hok of time i. I'rc.on' a "iew of Appol",!"m.
of Sdeuci", f30 !l. C.). Or 'he l'rcoeu, ror~~)"'t. '0 the ",i";"",,n
Wrro,~ il dc I~-rioo.i 1l''''''~looi ,,, of 1\ 1","0). 135- 55 I:I.C.:: time co' ,,,,,
19'11.
,<M,
2. C". l .
'" er. It.., Reioch<-nho<h. E ....~ o(.5}d " I""" X"" \ 'orl<. 1~1\l.
- Cf_ 1<" ... .-.) 0.1<, 1lt1 , \I' 0("/""" ~ ." ~ r,n>l ""'<m<"n""'. "'hi"
QIoor"'!!.
",(0 ;
.:" n
.. Cf IHI .
""r
di''''-.
"'.-=
The "",,''''8'""''' "" .orioing "' timo- ."".. "'ility ;. d ... to ,lifIi= ...
I~"""-'''' rog>""',j "'...... ""',. "",;t.,,,. of"" ..,<ilo~<. a,,,,,,. "\10<."""",. a
""'I'''''' """""" .. n)'lliIr tru"f> ~ """"",, 1}" SI.., ,;"'" 0" "'" ,,.,.,.,.,,, MW
""'""'I)' bn-n
dioc~....d.
2iO
along w in<1i,"'ible n,o,,,,,'" 0' io di"i,ible lea I"' ''' 'here io R lu nd
of time IIhkh ,Ioe. "Ol tloll or tim, O. ;(S<lf II,,"~ or 010",.,.."'"
'11.0"" ,....fc,,,n",,, ~f~ '>lily an <""mplc of 'he cO 'n'v""",y ",hich
ha. r"ll"'d from . nU'I"i ,)" unoi1 Qur day. It i, .If~i"" ,hi, b"dg""",d ""
,h .. O ng<n', !rc.' mfn' of ,iru< . h""I<1 1>< oon';d.o",d. F"T i, i, OI~)'
,I" ... 11"" bi, <led';,,, contribution '0 a certain (namdy. Chrn,ian)
";"'" 01" tiro<' eau Ix ,""Uy 'J!I"","i""~i. 1\I'hough h~ held " , uh",,' I,,, n, l"ycholog" ';,J '''c'' "f ,ime, hi, m"in and fund.mc,,"'1 ""n
C<p,iOD of it was t h", ,imf is ~ " ot;cc'i,'~ <bU~D' ill ol,c m~k<."p
of the ",-"rid. He all"".. f<)f 'h" ,\ri"n,dim, ,-I.'" tha, humaD <!i,.
Course CaD he hu, /,.",1;'" bill '0 him 'he .... i, nmhilt g of ,Iof
A,;"o'~ha" ,Ioub,-, ahou, 01," full '"<aliI)" nf 'un. "u,1 p",,;cuhdy nf
th e '"",,'.
III modo", ohough, ,he.-. i, aL", com""-~f>y a. '0 \\'h",h~, "oit-IT",I> (_ueit 'nlth. j ,, "icc. C1C.) .bo" I,1 I>< reg,,,,dcd ., ,i ,ude" Or
110' , 1'01' fx,,,,,ple. S, ~ l cCaU d~"iC'< ,Ioe iJe~ ,h~, InM ;, ,i me l~".'"
""""",<-<I
1'h~,'1~ t:!;n.;;:~.
t.\t r..
Cn,. ~ ... ,
c...'.,q.
0...;", ai
St:.,",
r-.p."
1hinS>.
SOmpli<"'"
la,,,,
"'.red
Ix""""
]>ft"'.' .".,
p.><>t
~''''''''''
- 1"'" ''''''
be"",...,
",>t
ro CIrijo>o .,.
oWl)
~ ,,,,,""'~ni .J
....' .t..)..
~H"_
A...n.-.. /t;w,,,,;,.t
~I;_
3 t 966\
"', tQ3-:!21
211
s.",
rn,
. , er. w.\'.o. Q.ill ... n... .- 0tIjrt. Caru l,.;,y \t... .. 1961).
'" er. 1><1000 G",,!rnM,n, n , Srn._ oj.tn
'. e""'bridt!< ~t." ..
.. , """'tJooIo, 2, :O\L,\ ,
195J.
UL\J'n:1I. St:"!'..,,
1'1I.0 LO:->(; ,\T[01\ or T [\ 1P.
~1I
f,,.,
,h.
J.",,'"'
""cm,
(O",j og """".'
,.on, "or. :
Aod in .... tk:ctiog LObout ohin", of ,bi. w~ll thi,," ,~~t. i' b"PI"'u, U,
,b, '""'" ,.,ay .' 11 .. ,,~I of Ihe r~ar k <11<' lA~ ",...mh. afta "'bic~
,I",,~ co",,.. Th< I><p"ni"g of , ,,,,d,,,, ",o'''k >i",ilArily tlti, p"""nt
.."" i, thr ,,,d of ""'''y ...,." "'h;<h CO",pri ..... )...,." .. i, "'.......
on", which '0" '" fut".... >00'" ~ ill Hot,.. thr "<'0" to ""''''' I"';n ~ tJ.c;,
bcginning: ~n< 1 ;t .. il, ""= orou. that (";od "iU .h",, 'th< ""be. of
W. gr.c< jo lli, <;',d"" ..,'
, 1nl,
P"OI.o" o .\l'ro.~
Of
2;3
l'-'t~
l!.eru!e., rhe CO'l\'ic, ion 11~t1 " lifetime;' no, .uificie m a IICriod r"c
hU'lL;,u being '" n::ath perfecti"". i. o.u . ddi,ion,,j f~t,or K" cmpl".,-.
jog j>roiotlS",tiotl of lun~. III Mm.Y' ;1 ;, . ",,<"<1 Iha,
",ho
I"""'" a,,") i, 'gvi"~ ou<' holdin~ b.... h 'ha)' atld ""d' a"d 'g<>ld
ami . i"e, and a I'reciou, ,'one' ;u hi. haud;, ,hat ;'; h. 'go<. out'
of ' hi> life M,;ng ""u",titled hoth .in, alld goo<l tke,b . Tllc 'I uc"
,;on ' 0 I... ,,,k,,,1 ;" ",I~" i, g<>iug to h.pp<u to , hi. Tll~n . 'Il,c au,wer
;" rha, (o",wlllna,ion... p"rif)'in~ tire. (buo),,,, 'ha)' ~nd =d' ,ha,
is , ,,'ha, ;. ~~';I; fur ' il) rh<- hol) -,,">ip">ft, can 1><. fo"nd tl,al r.od i.
"a,illg fIn" ".-ha' i, dim"'''' and Ih<n ",I"" i, h<".cr'.'
T he llo,i"n of p,oloug,ui')ll of ,ime i> ~",plo)'.,d ou' of the ",=1
tor du, 'rh.~ to com. 10
So ir i> po" ihl" '0 comider tha, 'here
will be mor" ,im" tor rarional treatun:' '0
fim ber for ,h.ir
n""'" '0 God .'
III ,"nl'luri"g ,h i, exegc,i" Orig<tl kd.
ho I"" ~"ahliillCd a
wal'
CXp"'ill ' he "",il~'mtlp""rgn'" ,ha' 'hey do no' ;cc", co,,
,mdit'OlY. ' Ibi. ~xegc.i' n:nd.", ,""'" ',,"0 I"'~'ge> c'nn~.ltibl", 'hm
i,. '~l"<".i,,g ",,,,.;,,,,"<1) 0""
conception of ,Une. H ,"c~. h.
,oflleti" ,,., 41"'''1.; ,n Oll" of 110,.", .<ld "''''c1i,''e, 10 ,b . o<1,er.'
'n,;, i, ' he >eriP"I"") ba.si, of 'hc idea of pro~,ng:>'iOIl ,If ti me '"
be in,,,~tu.nl. Tb, """kl h,,,1 " be~i n n illg ... hicb cni",:i(ks ,,;,h the
OCt u n:n<~ of 'he I'.li. whi<h marked ,be beginn ing of ,illle. 'Il,e
<Om""" ,,, of <1'~ worhl iD lu"e thew'afkr ,:.ke, piaet' i " I",';od .
,,'h;ch.rc called h)' ,he ocrip,ur.J name 'a"tl"'_ ' I'hi, cn.bl,,, Or ig<n
'" I'n""n..- bo,h Ihe dOClrinc of the Cln,o'h lha' , .... ,,-,,<Id hod"
b.-gilllling.' 3",1 hi, 1<n<1 ,I"" 'he whol. of ,ime comp,;"" I"ri()d,
or '.ron". h i, "nee again in 'hc S<ril~Un: h,.ja h 65. 22) tha, hc
"'ok< lor ~"tl,,,ri,) iJ, "rde .. ,,, In'''''''' "I' b" ,;." ,h", a lim,re
,,-odd " 'ill come'" p""
'"''i'''''
I"".
"ri,.,
,rut,
'0
"""'l""
~' ~I
'Ti",,,, ,1Wf b< a n"" earth. ;"hich I ,..jfl eao,", '" ood"", ;n
nIl' oigln, .. Xl ,]re I",,,]'
h<
"')~
400r.P>.
, *"I1't.
16, 6.
16, ~ .
Cl. .--]<m. I, \ 'I; ftJMo , X, ....)n. I,~_
, IIW, 111.'-1.
l '>w. trt ~.3 . We ,.C;<IJ u,." till> ""'_ !Or- the u""" I'''' ",od
it,
b.g;n ,~ ohculd b. "'8""k.l .. ha,,,",, ,,*,..,j ,n',,,,,,",bum by RuIin ... lto..n...-,
,b.". ;, DO "'...,., '" , . _ u.. "'ripmr..J I"~ on ",-hKh u.. norivn J: I"""
kv",,,io,, J: tin", ;, ~. C<>;.>c.1Iy, the O(nl,",. r
lOON! ,n ""'"
,jM,,,.,ty
.",00.;,>..
271
Accor<lingly, he
~I,"'''I. to
condu";o" dra .." OL" of ,h.", hihlical I>onio ... is ,loa' "ckarl)'
'he cud ,,[, I';, "-orld ;,, 'he btgiu!I;ng of'he "'-01"1,1 to co", . ~" A, ,b.
fo,,-")(,,;,, scril'",,",,1 I'''''''!I"' ar~ '''~~" ' " pro,'klc "" " ,,, I,,,ri,,o(;,,,
gnJt""1
the nulion "f a prol<>ng<d ,,,acelime. 'he c""duwtl i,
f".
c<>""h,xl
~<CO,,!illgl)' :
""tI"
.ft",
le.,,,
od,,,
.g""
I"~ ami
fu'u .... , ,Iu" ;" why Origell rde,", '0 'th;., world ami a"' ... hy ,,10 ;'"
;, .. .., "."od ;n
,/" id"
, fhl, I. 0, IQ,
. /tW, ut ~,3,
ibo<, ILD,; ~.Joo . 1'oW. 11.3.1; 111.5,3; MOr, '('(\' 11. 15.
" I .... , ILH
" II"~, 13. 9,
El''''~' "
, ibo<, IL3,!>,
~ _'1#11, II,!>;
,w;.,. "....
,kllotillg ,h", 'ho pr'''''''" "om' is OIlC ill a "" ..... of 01'10)" o"~ . '111i.
;,.wo " iI)" Ile 'p<a'" of "he futu re .eoll."., ,,dl '" of 'tile fonh
co,", inl! "eo",."
Si"ce (11",,' co,,";,kr>lK>m .". [",,,,d :.Iso ill " -o, k, ill C r.'ck, ,,"
can """el" ,hat "" rd", ... nl l",inlS in /.,;", a,-., ""(I",,, ;c. It oIlould
.100 be "oti ced !hot U rigc " " ",,,,,is ,, t wid, hi< ,icw of ,ime '"
',tretched out ,101I1('ide "'it h' the '>t mctu re' of thi, ""rld . I'or 'here
;" "I"''')~ " 'Olique co"",,"'ndeoce be,,,ttO 'he world nnd ' ime: io
""cl) ">ome",' of ';"le ' he .... is olll) ~ si"gh' "odd. " T he muit;,,,<k
of "-,,,id. i. u"dcrst()()(! only in tc rm, "f
"Q' a. ,;m' ~"'
II<OU' coex;"",,",,,, which i, explicilly exduded.
It ;" in the light of thi' ""al)'.... ,ha. ' he ,jj",nct;on be""<:eo 'a!!"s'
a",] 'l"'riod, of ,ime' ,bo"I,] be 'Old"""",I : "11". Fa,hcr "nd the Sou
a",1 m,' Hol) Spi";, OH" , ",. t,,krs'()()(! .. If'"~osc''"(Lng all time and
.11 ag'" atl d all 't~ rn it)'. _ The ""t of ,hing', h",.-.-," " "hid, arc
extcrn:.l <0 ' he Trilli,y. m,,>! be ",e"-,,, red hl' agc. alld period. of
,i,oc.""
' 1'1,,' ,,'11" 'ag<" i, u,...-d '0 '~I"" .. tl'" d,u'.lioll of a co."'", 1"";0<1.
" Ile"'-'''' , he '<roll 'pe""'-ls of ,u". is u,",,1 i,xkfU',td)' ill o"Je, <0
cxp"''' ~ pe,iod either long.:' 0' ,honer tll"" atl ""'0"',
'1'h", tl", moti on of"'e world ;n ti mc;" rcal"l !h",ugb ,tretch ...
of time c"lk-cl ."'-"0 .... or '''gc''. Tb< "'hole of ti mc. thtt!l1'. COIl
of cotl<lJ,i,,' ..:0,,'; time as " whole COI'lIVri"., Itla,,) aeons
and i< Ion"", thall the I''''S<''' age.
.,,,,,,,"';Q",
'''IS
If, b"",,-cr. t1>= i> "'DO",hio~ ~r~.t<r , lIa" <11~ ag<,,----'" <11~, "",,,ng
",,,,,,d
d "nk of _ . bn, ~"IOI ... d"",' ,,00 ,",c""d "",I
00'1'' ''' ,-i,'t.!< ''''''led b<;0J!<. """,d ung .<ilI
"hich "ill I""'"
h,,,, ex;", 't tl'"
of . 1]
",hell ,he un;"",. ,~",b<.
i.. I"'rlt ,,,d. ~ ... n 1'0,,;10]), ,h." 11<"",1 in " I,;cb th., ,""muoun.tit.-,
of .u 'hiog> ",ill h.appen. i. !U I., 0,,,10""'>0<1 a, "-"D<1lwog nw" , ,han
." "/1<'. \\"'Ib re~",, 1 to ,hi, I . m ,,,H'~ ' 1 ocffi 1,) ' ,h. . . "I.oo,~ of l,hI\
I.",,,!:> ""
'""",,,,,i,,,,
"
~
~,
IOW.
<I1,"W""
!I"""'''''
10 ~J\'.
" 11"",,, ",,",,'iaII) "' ,h" "'" ..,,;,,,, '", ,~,"l', ~< IM><i ""'. ~ Q,ig.''' ',
...,.;.", of rm.;,; ty in the
of DIn<
u .. potin of ,"""' of,'''''''''
of Iif<. It ohouI<l loo . """"\ "", thU r<u.t"itj m,"" to """ ~ of"",,", !hi,
,,~ ... )..-.,." W
d,;,,,' ".I<mog to d.. oI ,, ~ or ...
.\et>, 3. 21.
p""",,,,,,,,
"'1''''''''''' '"<
r"""
,.ok..
2i6
s.:nl~U"',
",h;"!o
"';~'
f,., ""
'"iU "00"" . ",,,Ioo,b,,oJJ;' it ,,~h,," "''''<thi,,<: ' "~''' ,h"" . " as< to be
0,.1<",000"
'llou, 'he CD,;re ""oception of , ,,,,,,,, ...i,,, cmmic I>cri",b ",rings rrom
Ib e q ,,,,,Iion, ,"";,,,,1 toy j,~'t~l'o'him' of scrip,u,",,1 I"""""" It .. ,.1",
deem"d th"l It,.. ~n>"e, tQ th,' pcni,wnl '111<,1;0'" 're aho ("""d i<t
th e Scrip'ure, namely, in th" Epi"I", to ,h. Eph<>ian. ~ Ild Hd"""..,
... woU "" in h.,iah " ,,,I P..,de;iru,<,. I" olhcr ",ol'd,. Ihe a,,,,nion
i> th" 1>olh thc orig'n "11d Ihc ,.,Iuli"" of ,bcle '1'l<'tio,", arc to b<fO\U1(1 entirely in Ihe SeriP"tt~,
Tb" no';,", of "",."i,'c ",'O'Id, and the cme,w'"ee of a ...",.1,1
aficr 'Il< con"u11T'L";O" ,. ' he )",,,iQL!O """. ".,. 1"" 011" of Ill<
ma;ll St(~c doc,ri11c" Tnlian. fo, cxa1l'pic. >tat<. th"l ,,c , ho\lld
~k.w~ a,i,I,," lhe alleg;uioo, of ''Zmo. ,dto cb"", Ihat 'he "","
people in the ,ame , iwa,io,," ",;11 ""cur again. name ly ,ILl! Any""
and Mektu, ,,'iU ace""" '!f~0\, \'ou,,;,;, ,,'ill I.., ag~i" a fo,";~" , kilkr
and He,en]., ... ill "8"in commi, d", '~'cd,," '>'
,\JJ tb",< who acnt=1 OriS01l fi>r hi<; "net of ."cc<"'';,'o ,,orld.
ha,.., essa)"e<J to "" ., da,e hi< \';""" ",;,h the Stoic ,Ioctrine, ht /tW.
a, edi" .. ] ~ 1\0<1"h"" ~, w) 1,..,\;1,,,."<1 in t:'><;I;,1t ~ (;,W . 1I"""lwunh,
" 'e f,,,,1 ,),~ foUo"'ng 'OO,~: " 1" T ht.... pbilu' of ,\Jc.a"dria, I'''Kb;~
le"er, ".n,hted h)' Jerome in hi, Ep. %. ".~ .100 fLnd th" f"U",,"
i D~' ''''or d"". ~lIy "~lIl die OUT . nd O1"(,T "gaOl. '" Ong< n dared
to write. 0, l<i. ,!eoi ... to e,,"h~,b 'he nt<'>1 o11pio". ,I"nr'ne of 1h<
S'oics 1.0)" , b,. ~ u 'hOThy or the (Ii"i"~ scrip""'' ''"'; ~"d <he note ~ues
on ,b,,", "!t"fn'", ho, c.,d'" lly awidcd gi" ing the ,-;,; .... , 'h", OrigclI
r.,~JI)" .'I"""",d"', " Thi, ol1\'iou~)' imp"'" ,l"'t ,h".., vi""" migh '
prmid.< grou nd for th. ao:"""ioll' of Th.opb;h" of ,\)""" ",Iria,
O,;g= hi",,,,lf, ho""Cv,,r. neit her igMre. Mr ";,, to co1lccal 1be
fad ,"a! d,i, n",io" of >u<"<"e"i,',. ,,'orld, """"" to haw ""O\e ;'1'1"'"
en' ,;imi!..ri') '0 ,h~, of tll(' Cn;d,. ,'" li e ''''plic",c, hi, o,,'n op inio"
on ,h. ,)oc,rin. of ' ..' '' rr< lle. of id,: n,ical """Id .. "'gardillg ,h" S",ic
helief,.. ] udicru,," "
D Jtio<, ILl.5 .
H srI'. ~ 32. 19,
~ f1'. po 83. " . l.
~ ut., 1\', Gl.
ut., V, w .
217
""""'<-
I <10 nO< kn"" "'hr o,1ou" ;" W";hug "I!>in>1 .... ,h.,ught it
. bIc I<> 0),...,,.. ",ot ok.,ri,,< ,,hKh ".., I, """,h pN<i, (Of a t I< ...t
~'I!i<""i,,, orgu""'''t, I<> ,I,,,,," .. <","iOlCU'~'" 1""~bIc d ,., ',1.,. 1",";"'1
of mortal life i. ,;miLv from bq;iOUUOlS to ,,,d, ",od i, ;, iJ''''''" f'''bk
lh." """,ru;"8 to ohe >t1 ")-de< ,be .."". 'hing< al",,, h:.,,' h:. 1~"'n"d.
"'" ,,"" l"'pponi"8, and ,,ilI h>pp'm . Ir ,hi. i, '''''', rTe. ,,-ill i, (1<,-if 'i' ;, i,,""""I...t.i< oh" in ' he j"riOO of
life .. cord
iug to oh< (l<lcno;",,1 <)"k< sh< "'lOO 1l,iJ,!I" al".)~ )",'0 h. I~ "' n <d,
. re DOW h"11",ning ""d ~ ill )"I'pm', i, ;, ob'-;""~)' in ...i'al>i<: ,)",
Socr.,,> "iU a l ~.. ). 1>. , phil".,,,,I~T ...1 b" ><eu ....1 of i",,,,,Io>c;,,~
now dei,ie "d Or comup,ing ,h. ," ulh: A,,)"u, .nd .\101., .. "ill
"'''''.p be O<CU'""~ hUn, .",1 0", """''''bI)' of the Ar<"1'W"> ,,-ill '-"'<
lor Jtj, ,oodcnu"uioo '0 d<> d, ~. t.cnJuck." Tl>u, 010 is ;, iM\i,~bk
lh." ","oo"UI'l! 10 'h,' 1"..,d<lermu",d <")~~~ 1' 10";, will ~ I,,-.)~ IK' a
I) C,,,,, ,\Ioxlu"kr of l1 "'r~, ,,-i ll ",,,,,ni, the """. bruciliti"', .,od 100,,
oo"<lc",,,.<I 10 ,I.. bull oI l'h.L>";' will al,,-.y> gn><t" ;"';,1< it_ Ir Ihi,
io .dIn;",d, I 00 ''',' "'" 1_
fr "iU c.o be 1''''''''''-0<1, ..,d loo,,'
'0)' pr';", (Of t.i.lT.. C.., be ,u>t.ible. '1'1,. "'J'I)'
tllli ."",mpOO<l
of (:;'1"" ,,-i ll b" d,., if ',he 1",,,,,,1 or """'"tal life i, ",nil", from """
~nn ; "g '0 end', ~,,, I if 'i, i , io""",p"h" 1h., ""c""~n~ 10 1he d<1<Tm;".d O}-d.. ,he ... n. d 'ing> aI",-.,~ h",-~ h'W.nt<! . ..... ,,,,,,. lupI"""utg a 'od ..-ill happ<"'. ~"o ;' ;" ;n<SCllJ'.obIc 1.h.. ,\ 1""", "iU ;d ..-.)~
com. "'" or Eg)", ~' ill, l b. 1"''-'1"'' or th" J""": J"'" ~' ~I
'0 ,"';1 rhi> life ."'[ ,,'ilI do 11 .. ""'''' 11''''g< ,1001 I", 10.. do" .. , ,"" i""
0<"'" bu,." ;"foni,e ""0100 of ,i",,, ..-wrdi"g '0 11", <)'<1" . fo"Io'T_
mor<, ,he sao"" 1>>pIc "'ill be Ch,;,ti. o, in ,he ,k'<Ttll"xd <)00,
. od ag.';n v(, ... ,,-ill "';'0 b;, booI<. ..!tich he 1,,,, iode 1 ,,''-;''<''
bd"", a" iufuoh . ,,,,,,, b.r of ,ime>.
Gel"" a/I,rm; ,I"" i1;, ocl)' ',1", J."-'l'.o<I oImorud life' "'hkh "",,00,,1
i"g '0 ,h" ,.., <J,..... ha, of ne",,";,), .""~)' bc<". a .od i, """-, anti
",-ill be i<kotical. liu, ",,,,,t uf 'he S,""" ' . y th., tbis is '''''' rlOl 0,,1.,of tI", I",riod of lo\orui lif., I"" aOO of ,mtnona] life ""d of ,L"",' d o<)
" 'gan:I a, gutb." ~'Of aft", 11", cOJtll'gf, lion of lbe "ui>OI"', "bkl, b"
h.ppehe<i .>od will h' Wen ,'" infoni,. nun, .... , or ,ime.. ,I.. ~""c oo--der
all ,f,i,tg>
beg;noi,,<: to <".1 not 0,,1y 10.. ,..,,",,1
. ],0
",-ill OCCUT h, a t l<!nl~iJtg to r<lnI) tb. a)""rdiu... io "'~oc ""Y tI1<
Stoi.c. <>.)' i"
c)'ck .U "~.,, "ill t... '"
"nir.J.o.,." ~") "h,
heal ",i,h ' h"", of f"""er O}-de~ To a.-oi<.I .upp<><ing Ih:., Socm,.> ",-ill
~,-. >gain. ,hO}' -",y i, .. ill \>e "',"""' .. i<lenhcol "itl1 Socra ... , ",'M
mort'"
"'.'0<1. ..""
'u
"!r"'" "",,,.
or
b."
f"""
""'I)
'0""
II.~,
!"""''''
278
,..ill ""' ny ""'''''''''' iden'"",l ",ith X,,,,,hipl'<,
'I'" """'"
',,,,beT
He re,uru. '" thi, mu" b ter in the "'me "".-. in "nler '" "rgtJ<
ag,,;"" 'he S,";c ,Ioctri"e of f'ttu rrt"'C~ of ;<k",ir" l ""rhl"
Tb. S'uic> m";o,";" th., " oonfugrat;"'" of ~'" "0;'''"" take, l>l.lc<o
I",oi.o<~,," ll)" ."J .n.r ,I,., , "'''OF.""", of onk, .11~'""" in which
",,,,,thing i. i(!oon,io;.al ",ith ~ltJt occu ... <l in ,h~ J>"";'-'u, ... ~O<'".,." ,
of ,he ",-"';';1, ,\U tho><: ",'100 ~."" con"'''' ",itb !he oottiJ"," ..id th~,
,loo" io. iJW11 a"d '-"'Y ",WJ diffcr<nce be""""" "",. 1"'00d ",,,I ,be
<WII" iD tloe l""iOO bef"", ~, No;,' ,h.", lIl<"' .ay lit.!, ill th< '"""
<ff<1it'g I",,,,,,t """ <ao,'" 11."g>. "ill fl'C'''' Soc,",,", ,,-;(I be ~ ". ",,, of
S<>j,!o"",i", og;ill ,n<! "ill be an At"',,;"', >n<I I","",,,.,,,t. "iu og>i"
,,'any &." 1",-"""",, .",1 ';''C bi ...h ,,, Iou". Altho"gh ' be) do ' oot '''''
th~ "-0,,1 ',<>,,,,,-'Co...lI" ,b.., <e ....in])' "won"ill "'" "ko, "'1",,, L
L..,
"'Y d" , Soc..-.t<> "iu """ >g>;n aner origitl.:l\i,'li. from ,h. "",I of
S<>j,lotot~!<u'
""<"""'.
l"""""'"
d....-tru,. aboo, d oe", m.'''" hdd h> doe Stoic plw""-'Ph<I>, ."'''
thoogb Ccl,", do lIot l. uf!l1 ~, i, but proh~bI> ",,'CII hold, it "' loigl,
"'gani. oil ..... L. thitth ,I .. t 'Ze,," ~.,., " i ~', ,Jw, J<-""'~"
&.mr 1.0"., s,..... ""p ,,,1 uu. dox'rin<. UAm<I), p ___ ,; ,,, llioog. l.a",_ \"11,
aim,,- ....I.to,.. IJ,..._ , U. '6, 11. IJ'.elo,
r;,..,.;. I&J onoJ 11.",,],",
!'\Wo, M I'''''' ..... . 1..... 'Sir. Clen"'" ' ... """" "" OOfrt'JX'<'<lo"'''''' ,, ;t/l tfoe
00ri0tUn .h c =urrboo So ",,;,, I ', '>, '; , ...... l,,- 11 . a...1"';"k. . _ Gl..
p . 279, n_ 6.
"1,
~
1J."".,m
Ct/i, V,
:1(1,
2;9
R'snn~ns 'he "'ril~uml P""~
~""
0'"
'h~,
,he)
"""";, ,, ,.~,,
-ob,..,,,, 'ugg""ioll ,1031 ,h . ai .... ;" Il O' u l\i'I II e, b ll ' ,here i, a ", n o, "f "im"<:;
ill "'h 'h . 11 thi "g< """, ito ctc",:.1 rccurrcn.;",-ll li e aAirm<, h o",
e,'cr. tl~" "the bihlical ,;,w of 'lK- to,ti'l'o<nc<> of th~ CO L!"'" of the
world , ,,hi<h i, rtbo ,-iew of l'cr..i;,n ", lig;':'lI ,
in antitheoi!
00 ,It, I'"",hei,tic "",I astrological doc1J;"e of '"<:Cu,,",'oo= wi,h ilJ
cOI,fu,;"n "f God ."d t he "wlrl, "f etcrni ,~
time." " Or igcll
,~"" "jec' the d",trine of ''C'''''1TIIC~ e itl", .. What Sa...- d,,,,, not
Hl'bi" io "hy the 1I0t;0" of ma,,)' '"co",' ="'=!1 e",ail. 'ctcnml
!'CC\I"'C1ltc'. Hc i ll " I)(tulltc. hi, "i<>< ,,;thout I""" idiog a,, )' r03
"''''''S
"!SI";" titis. h ,,'iU, hoW""~" be sho"'t, ,bal du. """nll>tio" of Saw i, ,,'" "0m:C1' ~ ,inl<' "hich is Utld< ...t",>d to c"ml'n ..
Il~"')' c.on.ec Ll u,"" ".",1> ,10<' lO(A
~.n ta il a ll ~ d"ctnn~ of
tt<mal re'unclIC<".
VriW'1l t hcn i, '],cCTI.,- ('JI~,..,.I to the Stoic doctrinc of rccmrc1lCc
of ~lentic,'1 ... ",I(b. In the ~gI" of 'hose p"'~~g'" , hen , we <~ n """"I"
simiL,r o"e, in 1tiJ,,;. The".f",.", tbe foregoing [cOlimOl' ;'" ~dd"cc'<l
b)' C . U"tter.... orth," which "'gg~,t oome kind of cO<Hl<'C,ion of
O rigcll " notio" ,.;th th o Sto;" 'c"c' 0" ,Il< ."I~oct. ;, u Oli ""ified
ami \O ugro<u[(kd; for .,e" io 1'riM ,he..
"re ,,~ , ed ,,;,h equal
daril)":
,,,,,,,I;
.,l(!
'Q
,,,,,,,,,.ruy
,-L",....
.\10""'1<1', a, 10< d ...... ,,00 m"im.in "" , ""rld. ,iou1., tu e~ch ,><htl
",.1 ;" ..u
alik< ""',,,',m'" co"", wt" "';~'O'J('e. I do "'~ .,"""
,,h., proof. ,hey c. n brin.lj ill ' "WOn of thi. 'h>ry For if i, i, ...w
t/U , t h",~ is to h. " "",1(1 ";", iL, ill Illi rCSI""" (0 the
"..,.\d.
th<n it ~' llI hap!,"" Iha, AeLln . ",1 hc ~~I ''1:"'';0 do ",h., 'hc)' ,l id
bd"",. ,h.", "ill I", "n.... her llood ,he "'",,0 .\1",," "iu once O1u,,
!<a,1 " J.O<OPle n","""n,,~
hu"dn'd
0'" of Eg)l'" Jud. ,
-I", ,,;U " ..1- 1><1111), hi, I"",,,, Sa"1 will" >,<>,"i timc k"'"l' tloe elol.".,
of o....c "."" ." " .... ,ing Slephe" , a,~1 "'c .h~U "')' thOl ""cr;' deed
"'h",h h,,, 1>1> don< i~ thi. life mo~ bc d.... 1< ag-.' ;n. I do 00< ,hi,..
"", 11,;, <an be "", hlishcd ") "n) """",,;ng . if ""ob are actuole<1 I
f,""""",, d
,nd ",.'n,~i" ,hd,. progre .. or tho, "".." .. '" > 0<_
,L,,<c ,,;,h Ih< I"""" vf tloci' 0"" iT: " ill. fo' 1101')' on ,lot dc;,",,"
011 ..... ne r",-oh;,,!! roll"'" ",h",,, bring> tbelO im o tIK """c cycle again
"''I''''"''
pt.,.,,,
..,
t/",u,,"""
<"""'"
p. :/0-1,
~ ~,
*_ I...... T,-.
U... ,I ..
,,,I,
I, W, 197--2(19,
"'-. p. :100.
~ H,I'_S:lD .
,/u"
,fle, rn.,"y
,I"", ","""
'''''-.,,!
,,,i,,,,,
""c>.
",m.
or
"",,,0.1' ,,,.
It i. i",c"",i ng ,h.t Orig<"' d ..... 'l(~ co"fine hi, c,; ,ici,m of 11><
opill ~'" of r<TI 'IT<" C~ of ~kntjcal world, oul,. '0 tL~ S' oic" hu, h<ex,,,,,j, ' hi'
od"r Gre.'" a, ,,dl. "" ,,,ell' to ',h, l'l',hagorta" ,
'0
Eg)'Vti~,""
t'urtho""""" ' bo.. gh th. I~-.J "W-".;v" ,.."d I~" ....,i". "" ,er, tho "odd
(0 be iJ,OOtruc,il,k, f" [ [1'0) f. U iu'o ";miloJ .I",tf'diti<>. t'or ~h, ' " u,
"."".~, (k ,ennine<.i ",,-e/es .... " .'" . ,Ivp< ,11< ~"ne oon/igu..-. ,;."." ...d
,d:lli",,<!,;p> to.;od, ott"" ,hey "'-l' lit., ",,,t)',I.i,'lI ot> earth i, u, ,loo
""ne l>:.o>itiou .. i, ".,. a, tI" I"" ri"" ",1"" 110< "";,.,"'" ","';,,,,,1
,be ""TIC ",btiurbbip of ,he .tan." AClTIli~ ~><o ,u ,hi. duc,';"., i,
;, """"""1')
LI,., ~ h ... illor a lu",'! period th, "'of" roo ~ ~ttO ,loo
....... n-Ltionohir to one 'n".he, ~ I"d, ,t..)' )",,1 it, ,10< ,inoe of s.;.;.,,,,-,,..
Socr.. <c> will osaiu hc 00,-" of , Ioe .,"u, I""""" "",I ."If..- ,he ,;uno
"""''Y. ",od "ill be .= ,,.-d Lr '\")'"'' .. ,d ,\1<1,,,,,. .. ~! b, "",tI<"u",,1
~. ,I", .""Dt i>~ of th< "'ropagt". ,\re ,hou the .choLilly tn<o "'''"''!!
the P.g)'P'ian, ~' I,o h~,, ' "mil", ,,...li,i,,,,. hiSW) reg~ .... letl 1<1 ,toO
la"Kh<d ,It b) CdM ,,,1(1 hi, 1iU" "
/bo<, ILH .
c.t., V, n
Cd., V. 21.
IW_
Cf_ 1'101<0,
r_ .
391).
" Cd., V. 21 .
,Ad
.,../
.
~
"'.Jr<f M
0\ '.,g" .... "
"9 1 '" -'''':)
-9 1
'n ',,,,,,,,,[ ..
'<;0/; ... '.,., ...
-OPJ
"'['-11
.~
.,../
"! LI' :$u!I'P" .r,.J~I U!." U <! "O~" '! 'I' ,,"r ~4' ""0
<! P!I"'l ' !II .. '~ ,~~(I 1'''" <~l>lU"~ illI!"'JI'" 1'''" ~JO_" PJ'"1 I'""
P",u.>uu OI ~U!"!J() ",,," .'~p
"'I' '.'1' jl"u.i,~ ' .."V
.l1l"JUO)!"I1" ''0"" "" .. ",,1 '''1' ' 11'" .><1 'tE '9 'lIC I\ ~''''''''~ '''c''~~'l
"'q'
,,,,,,,,l..
",,,,,,,d,
'JO-"'r I'"''
"'.1' ""
""1' 0.'1' 'I "" ",. "...., I"'"
'"
',,,no
,."~u<1 "'l' J<> "Vl",sp>p,o,,,, "ow "I ) I'"" .... '!'d tfii"l
.'~ l J" ,., .. "'" "~ l. "t"Cd ill'''l '''I Ul ' ..."'" >.10'" .>J<>O '0 "!"OII'''V
p.,w,uu,,",uoo "'I 0, ',,(),)~ {H. '" 11"." '" 'HO~~ ,,~, .0J ,.,,~~ ~'I'
'1 il 'l.[ . ." O! .Ie, .'. " """1' ""ne...,.\ 1'"e",,""'QoJ "'l liP' uo.>c "'n
""!I,,",",tiSooJ
fo ,,.,..,, "tl.
'~l! "~" !
M' 'I JP"I " I ~U~, "' ''~'<1 ' ''lmJnl '0" '!
'1"'\\'. 'tJ'jJO." JO ~v., J~' '(1'''' i<m(jd"'1 ", " o, ).O od 1 '~n"f[.I:>I '1'1)
'IUo:Jj ..., J., ...">."OI\ " .,81'0 .;."0,."",,, 'I1IJ"O' A!>~) '" Pl,o" ~lj1 ]0
' 1>0,,,,,1. "'P "'"" '~>U~JJ " ;>'}J
>l> JO .}U!'l:>0P '~I ">!ldn,! 'i_UDm
_mJ " ""!"'I:>.Yd JO ;,}IL.... d l',u"I'''''''''-''~~ ~LI' )"~I ' p-,,,ll.>J "oV.S ' 11
r" ...
""".u"'f">l/i, <q
.,~) ",~ ...
'!
,.>On, """"~"'''o, ,n(",,,-, ""'I"'
m." ""') ,no JO "'m~" "'!' ,~~)
.. .1"-':) JO
)U<JU. '
0) "
"''''' -l
. .=. '"
j>O'J
;'1
"-'J
I"".'
;",.,_~ un
'"J ..
.""'1'
JU)
'V
<I,,,.,.....
,rn.
1'",..
aj".
(ti(j
c,,,,,,,
w. "")"
c'~l ch,,.ion'
"
~
~
-'\I"'. 3,. PC
12,ll>H.
M _\I"". 17 . 2~ .
~ "u>.. '08, PC 12.1 \71. Th;, i, """ cA u... ...."... ""","",'" 'LI."""n~
oe<d ,~, f"'""",,,1 "no:_ If. h>""",,,nedy, &e< ......J ""'ioo "''''' 'h< ]""1''' <x><,
by "~"f<>''' "od ..
~""J.J t.. ""
Ii>r. ~
!imt oom J ~ tnan)' .--" K-"m"!! '" ~
!>, I~. 'r", in Chri~ God ,,"
""""~ 'h< ~".jd to lUm.<lI'. Orir ")' <h.ot "h< """,,,".""Dt or owe on, ,, ........ and dN" ""~.':' or ... , aru<ndm.:m lo:~hen "'" tlw: ~ or "'" "<."_
oOOliatioo .no) "'"" ,""'" """",.- c
. ro, ..... F~ .. IM
9,tl.3~ 1tI&.~, PC 13,'8t.
c.t.. 1\', I l .
M CtII, IV. i3.
.... ""
,,<I
fI_.
1bV.
2U3
~.. <10 n,,, <len) ,I.. .J"y .,r ,he p"tif,;n~ fi..., 'n,1 oh<
.,r ,he ,,-..,,-1,1 ,~ <k~roy ",il ",od r<"''''''' <''-'''l,I, ing ",at
""<"0 ,,< "')' ,hat ~'. h.,,, kan" ,h<.< 'loins> f""" 'h<- "'1'1""
Ac<Dro;ngf)',
<h'lU<'~" '
~",,"
OUl
...r tI1c
"",,,,d
boo",,"
Th< arn"'gcm~'" of the n.:xl w"rl<l .1':1n, fmm Ille q,",h,y of f...,..
moral ,;on. T h .. concC'ption ,.dC',.. "0' '''~J" '0 ' he nrm"~"'nlC'" of
d'e world. bQ' ,ob<> '0 ,he a.mUM of a certain e",",ue period, "a,"el},
.n "I.'Ol). ' [1", period of ,ime ;. no' ~ consl~'" ,,,,1,,,.1 d.'um, i, i.
no, pl'C""IT~llg"d I>l' an)" n"lu",1 b,,', i, ;. ceb,oo IQ moml .ion.
Thi. mea", ,h3' 'he dur"';Qu of a <",mM: pC'riod (\cpC'ud. on 'he
'",i] ' In .. ,,, ~cru ' n u I111e( 1 ;', 'he world (Iur;,'g corta;" :teon.
In Mm>tI}orm a 'eertn;" "'''<Ob' ;, ... ,.."",1 '0 exist ror 'he oc("",,,ee
of '(,'.d)~m I"" ill
6. 13ff ): Ih;....."'"-',, ;, ,h. pu'JXlO< r", !he
',e<'" of Gain , .. <0 b" " "illgt,i,he,r. In Q"kc '0 grou nd ,h;' .,..-:r
.ion Drig.n ag-.ill, appC'ai, ' 0 'he Wi>do", of SolomoH," .. ,,'cU '"
to neut<rooom)', 'he d.",.ucriOb of Sodom at\(1 r.omorah ;,"a, 'n
work of ,h. good God'. Ct:"" iu ",f",,"<e. to I\aim'"' aooH' d""rHc,
~'" S:<"'" ootion ," ~'ur
,ion oc,,,,,"'ed i" E,gyp' .ft' ,,,k,'" 10
il i, ,a!.:.:n foe gr~ " "'d ,h .. 11 i, nol in '",<om ",i,h Coo', eh"r"'-1~c
'~>1 10 _
" 01' 'he 'p",,,d af c;i] ami Ilriug ",oral re newal.""
Tite 'oo!rue.io,,' of 'he world ,h"n, "'hi<h marko !h< <rid of an
aeon ""d, ,!tu . " .... du,",,,K.oo of ;" is "0' (It", '0 ~t\)" n,w,",,1 de,,",,n;,w,m or
to,,'. T ),j, d"r.lUoIl is <kle""i,,~d by h~ mor:d
",-'li"n of ""iona) <",a'" ",,_ Which mcan' ' ha' ,hi. dltmtion i. de'er
milled Ill' crca'ltrdy freedom , 11,;' i, poi' " "hid, considerably
001111"... Origtoo', though' from an)' p"!"" eouap.;oll of co,,,u.,
I"'riod. ",,,I ohi, is "" fonh in 10;, repl)" 10 Ct: l,,,o:
e.",
"'8<:""
= "';.:
1)00, ,..... CC'b". "1'I",.r i.>"gh:oblc "'h,,n he '~I>J'<'S<' tI1~( C'il. eouM
"'~'" <i<h<r
or <1<"",.,.," For .,,'n if ~h" tl.h"~ of """f)'
tI1;ng .. 0"" ",,,I "" """,,', ,he <m't\c" 'yi;.,~.;) of ",ili ;" not I"
. ny 'n<ao, .j...."p ,h....,,"', ,~ lth"''1!:h 'he ".,Hr<" of oom< 1",,,iooJ>r
iO(fuidu~ 1 rno" ~ uac and the ",mc, 'hing. ore uo< .I".. )", ~>< ",me
<ne"",,.,
.. I ,,..~"'" ,"'" """ ,",.niI; no< .. 'u,,~,,>C", ""'., '''''1)'''''''1: ,I... '."''', ,0
to ",,".,,,,. Orit<"'. ,_,,-.. of th< .orld: ""I""j' tI1i. tu'" ~ "0<"
1>,,,,,, it ~... Cd,", ~t... u"," ;, in hi< ..,g.o......
""""
'
..
"
"
~81
"'i,,d. hi, ... """'" 'n,1 "",io,.. "... """""",,<1. F"" as ",,"
,ino< he "".). 100' OV'"r.,,, ~u'g '0 "'''OO'', while a' ... ..,,1 .. , tunc
he ""t> with """"" i" orde, '0 do ",-d, .,K! ,~i. ,~, in ;t, .. ton'
<ithec ,nu", Of k .,. !\J,d """>Clime. I", mal' ha,,, uri<nd him",1f t o,
"'td is
or ..... 1''''11''''', .",1 a\ un"" "'" a,,,,i,,,
,in"" i,..1f ",a..IUt<1 in " ,,,re Q< le ... oon""' pL;,ion, So ...... W" ''''''''
m.,)" ~u, Ix .. i,1 of ',h" ,mu'" of <w,:'lung.
if thj, ,,,,n;W ..
""" and ,h,' ",me in g<uu>. )eo "'"' "''-''''' ~ hich ""11"'" '0 lbi, "Ikok'
"'" _ al~,,)~ tbe ",HI< oor of tbe ""'"' un(i. Fu, 11><1'<.re "'" re,i.
"''' of ~""Iocti",y or of r.m ;,.. :ill "". tin ... ,.or aJ....")~ of I,.",)' fa in
Q< dro"gh" $i",,];,jy.
,he ... (Ie"nn;,,.d p<..-io<h off"",a i'l
Q< f.ounc ;" tI .. Wo of \><"<T ooob, 'n(1 tlo< fIoool of V'-Of'< soul,
UK",."", 0< <10"",."", Tu 11""", ~'h" v"n' 10 .H';" .n accur..k lno~ l
4',
of lfu' doe,";'", ""'"'' .,11, ;.
rOt ind, ' 1
",11, do '"~ oJ"'-")~ "'", .. " ,I", ..",e i" ""ml",<, "" ~('C<"',,' of ,he
p",,-i(bl<. whkh " the, ",,e!.eo ",-er ..... hl) ,11>.;,.. Q< ,le:u> ... ,!\e",
bJ-' 0"",,,, "" cooul"W". Iio< ... ;o,rod p....x..l:>!)' oot only <'mhl)" tlliJ,S'. bu,
.k<> """" uf ,be .. b,,]c ~'"rld." ",bi,h i, Ut
of purn;,..<ioo .. brn
''''r
",'il u, i, b"ro, n "'h~"'"
<rut"", "'"....
'''''K'
10
tI,.,. "'''''
".i,)"', ....
.w.",,"'..
10'<""''')',
"",,<I
,b.
'0 ...
,,,,,,,,eI.
""",er
i"
d,., ',ho,
whkh '''''e lb :u"("'g """.
,"'. i, .... '1 ... ,,;I>k> "" "il,." f ..... h I"""'''''' mind i, ''''I''~"iI* ro, ,he
",-i] tha, CID" ;" him ",1 ,I';' is ~ha' nil is. f-,-ils ar< thc actio<"
0 ", ,.".,, 1, fro", it I" 0", ,';"" IlottUo~ eboe ... lri<:d~ 'pcaung ",il."
H~"c~.
."co.,,;"~
'..-e'
I do ,.,.
t,.",l." . u.. ,~
~f"
;" OA.,
~ ."'~
'"
~ fi"""",,"nl,
~ CrI., IV. M,
CrI., IV, 6;,
.u.o
S,
Ub. Il l ,
2U5
;'","'enhd<.. U riS"" ;. aware .,f tho fuet th ,. thi, idea i. found in
(hc G",o". 100; th e <k>c,ri1lC .,f "".mic de!1ruc,i on' w"," held "-er
,;ne. H, ....... h" ..
to (he "arly SlOico :",<1 IJ, ;" ,,'as also .",,<lined
<"en b) SlOico "" LM lIS ~I~""\l' '\ \In:li~,_ 1I"""',,r, hi, eu,,,,.n(
cnllcem wa. (0 COl"r.. " h i. cOI>C"p(ion of ,,,cc"~'e ..wid" from
(hat of (he Gree". ronlcnding th" hi> 0"'" do<l,;u< " no( a",u:Jl)'
origimtt"'l in Gn:ck ,bo"gh(. I k claim' that 'he Groc'" h~,1 (akcu
(h< idea fro", (he H ebft""~'
;\1""' ye( they 'mi,u"de"'(oo<!'"
and t:J,;f.,d i, ,,, ,uch ." ~Mc'" [hot 'be "h"'" c""eep';.,,, i. u",
acc<p(abk t., him :
<I.,,,,,
"""'cl)
""""r>.
(he ",m"
I"
" ,i". he
"'~" '0
1'L(0 Soc'"tes '.j-': 'n", noi,hM' i. i( I><.>iLlc for n il. '0 he do"',,)-.o<1
Imm Ill"', nor for them (0 fm,l ~ "lace amo ng (he go<h'" ""d ""
on". FUf1her. "(h" 1""'''8e i" (he Tim""", wbicb "')~ 'Au<1 "-he,, (he
g'~I' purify ,h"
, ho,,'" ~\al ""beh 11.. ean b "clc,,,,sed
by .... ter i( ha, f~ ..,cr ",;\' (I~", i, I~,d 'Iwing (10" (ime l><f.,rc i, "'-as
p u,;flCd _ '\l1d in ag:rocmc"t ,,;tl1 ,he opi"i<>" of j'b(o ..-r ",a iD(aiD
(hat '" (ime> ",;t, a", I""" OU ""tOur" of'he 1"""'11' iu (he 1"""1"",
,ha1 ""~.. '""iis c~("(OI Lo.. destroyed b) mel' ... ,.
Onl.",n, Ij"",r",,,. i> :,,,,'= of ,Ite f;"",k ,;, ...~ On ~'" S\1i.>jeo. ye'
",,,,h'" k"
h,-
i".i", (I""
j(
i, from
,"k~,,,
c.I>. IV,
l ~.
~ 1Iu.~;
7......" ~D _
c,r, IV. 62_
F I Co<_ 1, 12.
,I" I.()".!
'Iik ' ho fo", or a , ,,,d'ing_rum..,.- ",.1 lik< " , k ,n<" focd," ~'jJl all
"""" ~... h ;,><1;,,,1"" ,,'Ix> i> i" ''''",\, bAtu,," ,It')' ha, ... l><on mi. ",\
..... b
0.:..'
uf rtl,~'e,_ .. i, "'<'" "'"",i~"'" 1""'"
"'i1: ",,,I 1 .. ) tb., "",) "e,,') ti .... "bid" SO
1'"'l1I'O thooe ",;.~ ~,;th '<""po"", -."U rin, .nd lead', " -I~
"M "i;l,,, to Io.now, n,.,) I","" 'i>e<' thing> f,oo' ,I", pruplt~, E1<l<id,"
to ""ai.,
ikc"y"" of Cel>",- cbi ," ,foal ,h~ C hri,,;ao< "",;"u" d<""ood ", ba, i,
.. id by 'he (; "",ks or l.>;..rlri.n, ~h""t ,I",,., ",.uc,,"'" he i,,,;.,,
tha t i , ;,. 'h" G ,,,,,k, who )"'''' 'mi"md""'o<" r ~n"_ 'h~rcfo"" f,!>if",d
th e original conccp,;" n, Fo' Ceb"._
ta,led '0 P')' . """",,, '0 ,h~ a,.,.;'n,,, ... Hf '\' ''''"'', ,,'h., ;, '<'pO<t o:{i
bJ-' ",,,,,,n G,,"<~ "rit<t, to h.,.., m."1 In 11", tim< of ""... h,,, thc &0,
of Phorutoeu., 110 i , "'''' ",uuittcd by l~l'tiaJ" to \.- of fa , . 0b'l " ;I)"
.nd ..1,0 b> th"", ~OO ","' pu<d I'ho<nici.J, bi"OI), ,1.I,>"oe ",,""',1,,1
""')' tea,1 d,o ',"'0 /""ob of ~l . " ... J""'ph,,, Oh do< '\'''Hlu;" ut ,he
J '''~, th., It.- onay
how \I.,..,. ~ ...
,..,;'n, th. n ,h<>Ie ",ho
"" d
looS in... ,,''''' ut tune th,,,, il!< Ijood, ",od <(Oojl"8'"''''''l'
'" "'" ~ ..... kL"
,ho., ..
I.,,,,
",ott
Likowi", i, i. poiDtcd 0'" 'hat -.\l ose. ;" ",", ch ca,lie< tha" Homer
aDd "-en 'han ,he i",,,,,,;oo of 'he On:d. alphabet."" He a'l(uc.
,h et> ~'''' ;\;, ,1-". 0",,,,10; "ho -",;,,, o"e,,,,ooo;l' ,he idea of '''''''ruc
tiu" , of th~ "-,,fld------an id". which i, "rigina'cd in 'h~ &ri l" ur~:
~ I o>c>
a"d ""tile of the pfoplK .. "0-': m<n ,,( "'f .otiquj,). ,10<), <lid
,lOt m:c;,.., 'he ,cI<a of th, ~-or I , I ...-o"lt<gf''' ',m from oth,,",, If 00>< ] ")~
doe "o,io,, to <la, .., the 1rulh i, Ih 0,10"", m;"'o"' prohond]
,loom .,od ",V'",h.,.",] in."",,,,,,," "",,,'I,,,lg<
,I.".. lhu,s>. 'hcy th", <......"'1 lh",,';". aho"t ..<riodic ~kJ""'''' ",,"Ufrrna:t. "'hid .re ;n,fuo:insuj.b.bIc ffO", un< """,hcr u, bod , thC'f
;, od;,'",,,,J d"~.'-1 "ri ,,"'" .. "I in ,Le """" in,"OI,;"g ""'m , W. 1_,
"".,. do oot "';gu e; ,her "", llood 0< <he coofut!<",tioo to OD) 0,b
0< p<riodic mu,,,.. 1 pi", .. of ,10< ."' ... .
"""" .......Q.".;
.\>0<"
),.1. J, 2.
1: ~2, 18.
" Cd.. V, 1:;,
CtI., IV, 11.
IV, I !.
" CtI.,
Cd..
1\',
n
" Cd.. 1\ ', l ~ ,
2U7
p'lrti cu]:uly th. S,oic>. ;''':"wnhd..., he d.,.,. ,, 0( h.,.; .. ," '0 employ
the Stoic terminology 011 the ,uhject. I'm- in bct it ".,,, Marc,,,,
,\ureli", wito f... " " ""I , he lenn '"",,,' u, 11, ;, ,,'u.. , lI,al is., to call
<~ch "orld-<')c~' ~" '''''0''','' Ho"'''''' -', J,bn' ",
,h, 'Iamo ' "'nn
'0 i"dicate a )""ioo, reYCI<:<l by U';ll"'" '~'mdy ,h'" of inf,,,i'e time,
For he . peal. of uol;Jlite ,;"'. "' prO<tt<iiHg lio", .ro n to 'C<>I',"
P.arlier Stoic> ,",cd 'impl)' the tenn 'infuoite 'iuoe', It wa, ~brc".
,\"ttli\l> "'110 u.,,<I 'h e ten" '''''00' ht order IQ indical" b,ot h ' he
;J)fUtj'e lim" of 'he ""j,c,.,., as "ell '" 'he ,ime from th" I"'ginning
"",il the <nd of. ccnain c""mic C)"ek."
Unc Ulay wOllder "' h)' Ong"" i. ", ul.i>tel" 0" co"tr.'!"ing hi>
co",.""ion ..ith ,h., of ' h" Greek>: "' hy ,I"". he again ~nd agaio
awal '" ' he panic"lar OCrip1UmJ
,, Itic h are .,:en to rn,,
,e",," " I' 'hi> "otion, Tb< ",,,"',,, i, 01",\ hi, 01..,,-,1"" mo<;,'e I;';' ill he;
.im '" ok""" hi, difk""" ,~",,'"p,iu" of lim~. The 'I"""i"" of recur
rmee i. a pri"cipal
For 'he ,uit",k '0 it implies ,,,,,, F.,,'icall)
,~t!e""", "O<I('-1',ion' of lime, Th" I'"&"" opinion of id"mica! r"",,
"f " '"rld, "", ail, S""'" ,'cl") si;;,tif"'~ '" c"""'I """""', . ""h os
,he follo'l'j"g:
""xl
"''''''!I'''
"'K'.
r.,""
","",It,
"e.,'
,I .
,.-orki i1><lf,
Th~
(~q<\,"", ho'n~t6-;J,
i " i", """ion in ,ime, mOl'e.
t"","rcb
,,,,,,'1,,,,,.
Th;" is wl"" led ,,,me ,cI",L." 10 'peak of 'cydic' time ;a Grn:k
,hough"
Ongen, "" the ",h~r hm,d, ;" ,horoughly '-'PI....... ,I '0 all 'he," fm,
,L.a""lt~1 iUlplic~tio",. ,\ co.mic 1><';"'1 10"" DO ,Iefwit~ 1'''gllo of
time, Com"'n"'~'io" ofa W01'I,I ",cm, from pu""l}- m"ral ca"se. ,,"d
" ,!~
tl;it,
f\". """"',-"og
Of
n..,
p. 28 .
""I.
For soub:.re nO! ,I,;'~n 00 .on.. "~,,hio~ ""0"" " I oc~ hriog< "",,'
,noo ,lH; "'me O)~Le
aIler "uny age ... ~'il" ,he ,.",1. '''-'I the)'
do 0.- dc:,;"
0.- oh_>', bu, tbc)' di=:, UI< COW><" of lhci, d<-e<:Is
'"",,,~l "'b."",,r ,ud ,I>< f,.".,..)o,n .". ,tJ,dr ',,,idOll! ,nit~ k n,.) aim 01."
,tU.
"1(>'"
'0
Il,.
'"""'11""".
ibo<_ IL3.O ,
M(k. XX\"II,
~ Ct/" IV .~ '.
~
I~.
" _Joh..
10. XIJI ,
.. Ct/" IV. l Z,
2U9
'ure a >cien'i foc id""I: ," kJ"".. lh~ ",,>mic P""'"" .. " "h"lc, ,,,
render nmure "' holly ,r.w>va,..,.n 1o lu"k,...,andiug. ,\11 l'ruticul:.r>
W,..., '0 I.. unders"'od ;" ""..", of ",,' ur..1 u,"''I,,1 I"",. Thi, ...,
oraJ conc",>!ion of the nocaning of hcing imo ,I,,' ""rk! h~d r,m
,bmc ,, 'al implica1ion : in ,uch an cxi"cn' ial ""i",,~: man ,''' ndo
iml'~rtial in 'he natu r:t! protco. a"d what r"mrum to hil" i, '0 know
wh" ,be co. mic pro."" i. There i> n" ,,'olu,iou 'ow."b ~n)" fm,d
gw t. ,her~ ;. onl)" an etl<U"" rep ioion.
'I'),j, is ~n: fundaon,",al norio" ,ha, Origen n: ....., .. . To him ,he",
;, a ,i,w" of an "I'ima'~ end,
,hi, " .," promi>ed. In or'kc
to "",i" 1(, thi> cnd ,I",ugb ' hen: i> t""k to be accolUl'li,I",d : thi>
ra,k will be ca"i 1 ou' ""d 'he g"") "ill be "ached only ;b ,u"e
an,l ,hrough ,jme. '" I ,lwU orgue prei!<:nd)'.
III d,,, cO<H,eptioll of ,ime n.,pon,ihili,y i, n01 d,n;"'(] ,our all)'
II",i"" ~ inh"",nl 'ri"i.li,y i, a<X<I",d. "Uti, i, ho" a r:odical I""ak
bc',,..... n Clui"iaui,y and Cla,';ci. ", WM <>L.. hli,hed. H<nce, a),hougb
'he n01ion ~ "",rrn:n<e "Pln:ar> '0 ba,,: """,e ,imilari,)" '0 'he S,oic
orn:. ,he.., ;"" 'ho ...."gh dilk..,OCf 1.'''''",,0 ,he", . The S'oics "'-"K"'dt'(]
pmio.-<g"';oo of ,i"", "> all ""al,[i >ln:.1 "alUf'~ la,, Iro", ,,'hid, Ih<")-'
.impl) ca,m",
~bn;u, A"rcii", h:.d :.had)' cbimcd ,h",
'he .... ;,. IIo'lt i ,,~ '0 Ix- pil,ed by
life" "",1 Scll= arguJ
'hm perfection ,101:' "'" n:quire vrotonga1ion. "" life cau be ",,,de
W".-.e' in a luu,,' lime. "'"0 i f it ;" 'hon.'" To O'is"n. how,.....'r.
p"""""g,,'io"" i, needed her."", ]><""",ion ha' ~n :'~1UaJ 'p.,io-tem .
po ....1 co",e", .,,<1 prolong<d life .h', ,,'" mean i'~''''icall) ,,",uc";tlg
lif" lhi, i. p:>n of a pJ\)c~" to"',,rd. a final f!H1l.
Wha, tOT",i, u,". ,hen 'he e,,"",ia) ,lifr<:reucc in th e !tOOo" of pro
Io"g.<tioo 1.0:<:".,.." Iloe S<oi<s "00 ,..!t<, (';n...,I.:s. 100. ""'h .. :\';",,..ir"
1.>0..,. ",.:
."""P".
f"'''''"
.. .\!.,,,,,;,,.,. ILlI; T he ...... "'Jo m<"' ;, "', "" " <.rl;", "rit<... """,,~.
1.tK",ti. . . <>1 c;.-.,ro. Cf 1.tK""';... I< _
' ....... 3, 11, I OO;~J\ ' Criro. JOlt.
1.:\9,9'1: ,j"d by R. ;;.".r,;;. .,. 01.. p. 100.00 " . 11.
&n<.. .. f~ . .11...
7; 101, &--9. d"d" 1..-. dI.
~
n, ",
1'\00",1> m.:. ..,.." .". ""u,.., 'O ",
u,..,. i>
_th",
"'t:""""" ""
",,",to;,,,
,I""
""'> ,;,.;.. ncombt, of ~at ,....,.,.,. l.Oto" "" .. ,.", """"re" ""or
, .....",,'" .. ,n.
numl,." of""";n.J " ....... . ""'. p<riod ...1 ........ " ,...." . ~iIJ
"' ,..,.,. <;'OnCWWO!! ID< ....., '''''''''''''- e[ F_ 1\'.' .1 n ~,IYl.l I , 9,
.. "'''-le did ,"" """)" the;.Jea of. I~ """ <;w"" ~"""-", of UU~
t.. ~ .g.Un" 1'1.<.10 Iho, u.. Id.. of [,,-000 "oukl _ t.. bott<T through bring
.....m.D"!!. ill ID<..."...".., th>.t. ~hi .. 'hing.,.;)l "'" n.
r", w.~ ~"
h.,~
})/u(o
.w -k
1.6.
1 0'>05l>J-~,
t_ f-!
" lU,,,
I. 1.S, 1218.10
I~ '.
"""",,,,,a
". .
"".,f.v,,,
'It "
"".,M.I
,b.,
291
d.,.. "'"
,,,,,L, Rml"'r. he ,kti,'," d"'tn frut" 11", ~r.. '" !ho' tJ,-.I1 tfi; I. """"i
~ ,,,d, ... He ",n,m-e. ,he", f",on ,he", bo<~",. " tho ~""o ,im.
he =Ul"'-~' 'h~", ("m' bciog m, e.,,,L, "'roe" '" "'""y pt:", u, ,h
..-rip,or",;" ",,,ally caJkd ,n. ",-.,,-l<L '"
Th ,,, , It"", who . " flioT ill 'he fiood .r< 001 ,akell ou' of thc world
i" "" "b<olu,~ """,,:", a. 'he worhl is CO<1,;"ti'g ofp;,,,;cub r "'"01"1<10' ,
"hich although not ""elt ~ .... n,.,,, l1hd,,,, j .... l" d.xl 'nto the " 'orld'. '"
It ., p<"rf:tly clear tl"tt 'co,,,,, m m'lio,,' ', "n OC"'Jr""lC~ aflCct'lIg
the """n,,)" of.he wo,ld. not ollly the ~.t1h . 11,i, i, "'h)" .~,~ dv
'n" d< Il)' the n::a1i,)' of I'lJ rij>;ng fin:: and ' he d<>1nletiou uf 'he world
to ,b,ro) .....-il and re"ew ,he uloW [""orld] (ro Kav,I>.; '."'"
lIe,id",. '"1100<1, ."d conllagr.lion," ,,,k,' I' I. r~ ;It o"h ro I'"';!)'
~nut onl)" eat1 hly ,h i"g> but th e "h"lc "wld-- IQ~ ... i. ; rii. W)Wo
tlJ,J,D. ' "IIt ..... <Wp ,q. ''''''''I' ",11<,"""'- e>iJ in it l>cclIO"'" ext<"';,,,". "..
Although thi, :lM<t1 iou lIlainly I'"'"i ,,, to r.t,ioual e",.tltres. it
awan to n:'<mhle the S,oic Olle, a, I""., iu I~ll<r. Thi. ;. "'h)" H.
,'0" Amun iodu,i(-.:l . It <:.'<"";'" 1"'" of 'his sr<liolt "f Gb ;It h;,;
cditioll vf the r"'.gm"n" of Earl)" StVl<:' tal ing it that ~, thi, point
O rigclt i. 'lu" tiltg Ch..,...;l'n. 'n....'
It i, ob,'jo,,,, ,h"",fon:, 'hm 'rom uu""atlon' i. of im""'" in ...
much .. it ha. to do ",ith th~ d~"i n r of .... ,;on.,] erea,u",,- nO, ",i,h
,he ,,,,,,,,,,1 ",,,tu. of lit<' ,,"odd, ", il b:'r ~~ ' '' ~d ,,-i, b l'>g:m , bo,le...
Oril " ;, ce n~i lll )" falll ili~r ,,;,h th;, kitld of k"o"lctlg< ,"d dcal ,
"itll it only iu ca", h< i. d"'ltc nged '0 ,\" '0. Thi, i, ",h", h ~ dON
0\ ,h~ "'lIIe work """illl!: fonh tu. C(""'ep' of ron"",uuation. He
expou"d, \,j , ' ''''''' of the '<le'lnxri"" of ,h e "'odd', of dle '"''''' '''
of lo:xll",' :' hl! of dle ,",", '" of ',":",et" 0" a natur,,1 h..;, ,p"n(h'lg
an ,'nt in ..<,io,,' " i" ortt.- r to ",oh 1,;",,,,,lf de.r. 11 ,,, doe co"ch,
,;on or ,hi, k:c,ion i. i lldic~t j. ', of his ,,,,-,,ntU di,,"'tion alld ()bject i "~:
.. r..u,
1"1.
~9 .
"' LW
3~7.
11 .
he &,,1, th .. ,uch a ki"d <Jf d,,~a'e i, 0" , "f,h. P"'T">"" <Jf hi. ,ho_
ology o.od bcyO'MI I he "'''I''' of th,. ~"rtic"]"J' work. Origen d'pr<_
(;> . . <1 di,...,.-! ,lOscu",ion ki,h Cob"" :n'r,,"a)": ." he ra,lo", brisld)
an end to ,hi, lh,...ugh thi' ,t",,'me""
1'''''
H", ,,~ MC not suing to ,fuc"", l>OW ,he ".""", of ,~< ,...,,-kI ,..h<1'
,.... '<pi> 10 ,h" ac.:u..,,;"',\> of C<lsu, 6U.- .,;, ,,,,,,n """
;"~",,",," ~~i pI..; ,Q.; 1<Iio KI;""'" ro'~l'>Pi<>.; ..."ol.ur<i.),'"
.poI.,,,,,,,
,,,,<I
,h. p.'g."
m;>,,,
'n
"';
o;"",,,,,io), 11', a,M""" ,)Ie '"'-;'U' ",ril~"""'
'hot God ;, "nclo;u,~>I'''' 'hruuSh ,h,. ~or<l> ' H,,, ,loo. aot the
""non. "'," '1 ch",'1I" "0.-.'" Bo' ,he ~b of F~,icon.,. ~ I ..... nc roo,
''''''
,~ .po.o;~
,",)' i,, ~
"",Id
t ~""",,,,,,,,
.. ~ _
""".o.l.oyi<t _"""'.,
,,y.
293
!>"'i"
I" ,ddiuo,,;
TI,~ ~'I~'''";~ot,
n,.
hu'
'oo!
.u
io the ..
th .. ,he '1,iri, of ,he S,""'" doe" Jm,-i<leDCe ,o,,,.in,
tI1",.. ",,,d,,. I~o,-;d"o IP't7." ,;, .~,'a .polv.:.",\ )'" not . ,
"coIl"lining bod) """.;ru,tg "",,,thiug m.Iloli.dl. 00' ,h"i"" f>O"''''
~'hich h., embrac,,1 aU 'oo! 'ODlaiocd. "eron;lio~ '0 "'" S'oic~ ",1>0
""""" ~'"" 'I,~ til'>' pri,ocip .... '"
",,,I ,I"" hoIoI ,'''''yd,;''g
" , be <\e'''',,"tible, ,,,,,,uri"8 ...,," '0 make ,he ><q'''''''' God Hin"dr
thtroctiblc'" tu ...... too ~o1 0<, 0,,0' 0<, bt: ,,"<n)" 00'''.,.;0"''.
,-",-.ou "", l.ogo. of God "'00 ",n",. ,10,,'" to human. ""d
the ........
,,,.;g.,if,,,",,, tI1;nl;<- " nOllu"g ""'," d ,." .' ","",ri:ol "';ri' , .~<cont;"g
,,, '" loc. CI,ri'''''''1. h""'",,,,. ~' lto "",k to """"
~w 'a'ioc,,:oI
lOul ;,
'0 A"y ",.te,;,1 ''',u,," ontl i , a" ino-i;il1l, .ntl ;""0"f"J=-1 """"'CO . ... , ...w-;.,,, 00p0-0"'" .'~, ~o""a,,,,," " tI1, di,''',," ~
i> ''''' ",",,,, ..;:'1. Through him :ill lhi,\@, ~-"''' ",,,,I<. .nd. i"
,1"1
11",,!!, be nt.:t<ie ~' ,I", l.-.go<. he """d,." "'" "01 only '0 """'.
1;0,,, ah., '" t!tU'g> p .... "'",..d to I:r ",ui",f"JfUut "",I ,i "'I>I)' ,;o",rolled
bJ' '''''"''', t... t tf><- SOOOOO ma)
"",,hi,,!! i" a ,
<1u ,,'"
cor><roc
;n<"OI'j"""'.oI "<0<"""" ;' .ubjt '0 * (o.. tb~raUoo. 0.tI1at ,he .... J of m.n 0.- Ibe t)]"',Ia;;.'" or ao)J<. or 'Itro!,,~, OT
tlon,i ,Iio,,~ .,.. pri""i,,:oIiTi.e .. or VO"',"", i> o;bs.,oJ,-ed iOl0 fire ,'"
"''1''''"''''1,
'0
,ha,
,,,,><rior
,,,,I<-,
.u
<le"",.,-
,b., ""
1:\,,, ""
O n "Q1o'" ...f thi, O,il('''' 'cgArd< t he ' ltd of~" ~<'Qn "Q' ..",I)" as
C01"''''''",,';011 . but .60 a, IIlOIll<n' of lime i" ,,-hicb judg<nK"nt
or'
C";', IV. I . ,
" cr.
sn~
n. 3W.
,"'Ji, 11. l l l.
23
n
"rn,
'1'1,..
""~
of oicW.
,""ne<
by ,h.
in .., ~ . ~ ~
;,,,.If,. 'I.orinll ,
("..n,w,
l.c6o,,',... .,
h)_, a~ , ""'"
iD
f:o~,
.ru.
' WJ~ .
thi. c,..",t
"onj
ha, bD
,onp...,~,j
in I~, ''''' Orig<-n .. dU. poi'" """ ilir tffm ...." r..- h,moan b<~, ilir
;...&."",., fO>W" ", ,10. """"1""'".01 ,k .... m of ilir bdng> of wp.. nnk< ,,r
lift 'lD ,,, .. , ~ " ..t t.ht """
"11"-"" 00 h..... WJop ooJ) ,Oo!<. \ '1. H;
\11 . :18; - J.... , 1. XX\', ' 1 _ . ,I>< tnm ~~" ohouIo! not I:r tr.uo-
nn
.v"
I'(.~,
'"
purifrill~(
th e ju," j lldge "f L".-,,,yme fnr "..."rylh ing rrmd" ,luring hi, hr..,'"
Th< cnd of~" aet'" "" ju dg<meul is I>a><:d "I~~l 'wo fUllIllIlICll,a1
("noq~io" .
1;-; ... ,. C o<l is iJlcol]>on:a1 and ra,ion"]
ha," ;n , h'n,,,,h~
:," i"col]"''''a) cI.. nw l\, which is """''"I>tible of challg<'.
1101 of
de,,""'li,,,,. dllrillg ~ c"n,umm",~m. ,\, "rgt,ed fl ier. ,he ill,,,,,,,,
1~""a1 dCDlcn' "f. rationa l err"'ure ;" ill D" " 'a)' hdd to Ii,-e .,
nu i"dq",,,,bn I><illg. The ,I"ali,m '00'1",=1. ;'lCOrpon:;,1" , Iemellt
of" ':'OOllal "1"<:"1\,,,,, is "nl)' COne'"I>1,,:.I. '><>l far1'''~; ;1 <xi ... ",~y
ill mhHI :.. :'n imdl<:clual :.m'~'Clio". Tlu, is " 'h)" O rigen (""",'e",s
" " ~btt . 10. lH 'j; .:." h im " h;"'h is :.bl e '0 dero) I><"h "',u] ~",I
I~"j)" in h~II ' .""ing tha, ",'ha, ,h;" p a'~18~ ,~""h ... i< ,1"" .I,hollgh
'th" """l i. inco'l",,,,al" it ,,iU 1>< nOt ~ lI ui'h"d witho,,, n hooy',' '''
n, i. '"COI]"''''a) ,kll'~'" ,h," is 00' a su],,,i, ,~,OI [,.;'18 in i,,;df: i, i.
"'~)' p.ft cA ,h,' """",,,ne "hieh I"ncrgo;' from ,he 001""11",,,,:,' of ,huI<
"'..."''' ~Ild """,,' "'h i, h ""u i, 10 1/.". ", ali ng of:, ,..~,i"nal i..,;ng.
Cfl:"'me'
,~
c.b. V .
h",
I~ .
. <JOf "';v_
of
~omo>" ~ .
sd"', I, PG 12.1001.
295
s.con,u)" ,here;' a unifom, i,y of n"' ure of ratioou,1 L'T<a'ur~ .
Thi, ,lOt;"" """ d. beside thot of c"n';u u;,)" (,f t; rue and d; I<" ,,';n,,
i,;" of Si"""'.ince 'he "'1,,,1, world;' held '0 rompri.., panic "I,,,
,pacc, M.lI; "'I"''''~~'d from C"l"lo ".her, ye. "all ,.,j'~lal I... iog, an;
of 00, "at"re, a nd i\ ;. only 00 ,h i> ground ,I"" ' he j n"ic. of God
in aU h;, dtnli,O/;' ",;th th e .. , tau be dtfellded. OL~"" l y. whc" e.cb
CO",,,",, ,,;wu, hi,,,,df th e re<on.. ", hy' ho ha> l>CCll pbced iu thi..
or ,ha, ranlt of life" , ,n The
"0<",,, i. fo<u,,1 01 1" "'''&<-"' pre
in Cn"k: 'Th ,,, ,he mal",llou. "01''''' cioo,' by Cod ~"-" ...
i, " ..;ro 'h ~ ra in , whik 'he differi ng ,,;11, a", lih ,lo o ' illed a"d
",gl teJ bnd, ,h()ugb '" b"d 'loo)' arc bo:~ h of 0",0 ,"'un: _. " .
T he ,eo", abou, u"ifo'm,'), of natu'" of ,,,,;onal erea,u"'", ;" a
1"" da""",aJ o"e, For we pen:cplio~ of j ",lgtnl<TIt. '" ,,c" '" of the
",",coo ... of ;, as ''''''~ of boo-uc>. "'"" sronoded 00 ~l" ",,,,;0,,.
Thi, i, "'hy he '"1!''''' agai ,,,, ,he G",,,tic, " 'ho "",,,idor higher :. "d
I()wn mu",,"1 creatu re. "' hciug of ,liifc",,,' ,,",ure :
"'''le
.,,,,,."<1
,I""",
To
I>o:m~'''''' "'ho i"tro<h..,.. IThe ,,,,,;on of ] ,ji,.."... ".,"'," T<Ii.;
r.;, ,~. ""''''
MiQ"" if.1h-,- "tU"
0,. doe,ri", ,haT ,be Jc... ",,,I lhe ~w.. d rome 'n-om on. lu",p" " ",,,I
""" Lb. C","lO' of ,h" """d " "00 lhe C":>IOC oftLo 10<1, ,."d if 1-..
",ho ,,,,,le. "'" O Td)- ,he 'l~ri,,,.. l bu, >bo 0,,, ""hI) i, g<>o<t fi". ,hi,
I<.ot""'~ f""" ,l><iT ",a"",;"S"'. ;t ;, '",,,c,',,.Ic,,
fo< "' .. "ho
Iw., l>e<:o!1O< "' the p,~ ... n. rim.. . '-"",d of h""Qnr ;" NI '''''I'''''''''' of
""".-Ut1fon"", rigb.coo. ~b and )'" 10.. "'~ ac<od "im~.rI)' Ilcre
,,,,,,,1*
,.,,<ill a ,,-a)
O n a"count ,,f the ""iform i,y of erra,,,,.ly """ ''', God i. 'Go<1 of
'he <1 .. ,mo" . a, far a. t heir ,-a.ion i. ,-,>'''",mcd'.'''' "'hi~h "'!W""
,hat God ;, \JOt "'spo,,,:iI>le for 'heir ""m'), '" d.emOTl>: i, " 'heir
free will. "'b,eb is ,....pons;ble fo' ,h",. "" He i, e",1 of !be
,t""",,,,
,~
Not. III M,
~""'"
10, 11.
OIJ)" ill a. ", ""h '" Ihc)" an, l7"Wm, III """"'JMtZ h, rrj<e1$ all\'
d.i", th.~t the '<""""co of the dOlil ... Jitk""," fro,,, Ihe e' ,.:rlce of
,b c otl '~r <atiollal bcings',' " He arg"~' tlt"1 ~,i, i'"p.....i[,l" to .,I "u,
that 11", e,,,,,"<c of Ihc d,~<iJ i, rliffi'rcllt ~"d th'" thc d'~'iI is IlUl
,u",,<ptib~, to m(Or.1 impro",mcIII' ,'" ,\, Ih'" I",illl he rlowl"p. hi,
argu tt lCll'. "a,j ttg th.t ,,'e """"",
'hot "n cl''' wbicb Gllt"Ot '.:<
pmpn-I.,- ... of ,liJli:rcllt " !lCIIC~ fmm atl C}'~ which ca" 'cc well: and
if""", etiti" g hawn, to a" car aJl(i it rau not Itear "'"U, ,bi> i, """,e_
thing aedde"t~i and does ,,0\ in"OOuce atl) MlCn ..."" i11 ilS "",,'liCe
of being "" tar, Th ,,, de,<iJ ;, ""I""."ibk f"" h .. b,:illg ,~'il alld G",I
'i. iD 110 W~)' re,poII.il>l. tor "ir, Therefore, 'it i. the 1110>1 ah>unl
of all aI .." rdit;e, to blame lti'" who ."Iwmif,ed allll cr~ated ,hi.
bei1lg', '"
TI". ,b'il , h"n ' lo<~'am~> ,bil a"d Ihen' "' ... a """"in ,""a lii),
''''hen be "''"' fL""lc"" .i~"'I'I~ . ' " So ,he c~",du,ioJ\ ;, 11",1 "''"< is
So" of ,be ,b'iJ "0' I",ca " ..- of hi. 0 ,,'11 ""!Ctllre, lI"r i, "'IDC<>U<
"mongo' men taU",1 Son of G,~l bee.".. ha. I""" en:al<,i . "eh; it",1
i, is de" th~1 il i. pos,ibl. 'h'" "n" "'ho Ollee '''"S a Soli of rlt"il
,,'a) [,eoo",." So" o f (; 0<.1 ,
11 ,< .......... ,'xlt,,,i,.., all"])',", ill order
to grollllll the ,"''\C again" th""" "ho hold 1h~1 " ,I,ere at'< ."m<
ereatur", " hieh "r<" So" of,l<\i l h )' re",>D nf the ir erc.,i,m it.df"'. '"
Thu. ,[", no,;"" of oo<r. .... die,.] tfanl<endence. '" ",, 11 ,.. hi .
iooo'1"'''' '";'Y. "UOh for tl", J)<>""=plioll of (;00 a. "judge ,iuri ,,!! "
c"n>um m.li..,n, Thi, i< OtiC "f the n 'a>on< (thoug h not Ih~ princip"i
..,nc; "h) i, i, t hf\>u~h alld IIl ",u!;h <"'1'h",,;,,<I ,hal GO<! i. i,~'(O",
I~".al land tl""" t.... D.. end<nl 10 "I",e~ aDd tiOld .. , (tha, i. , "all_
'''1'
M'"
OCC1ldcnt ,0 UnI. ,
Th~
"'''"' . I.... u, Ihe ouleom" of i udg<:"' "'" ;, l,aS<:<! on tl", ,i.. "
th., Ih~ <nlire " '"rlrl i, "'a,en.l _,nrl m."t~r (either '>Cell' nr 'n.."
. -J<h..
,~
2(1,
'M ~J<h.. 2(1,
XXII I.
XXIV,
'" 11.,
." /hoo-, III. Ll l ,
. -J_
2(1, XIII.
'~ ~ 20, ~\' . I.
'~
aJ.o "
fp,
p,
!I.,...,
)1, !(t)
297
"'011' and """"'I',il>l< of any ,ltcra,i Ol' by 'he will of C<><I: "tt ..
I'<""ill'" for ",a'ter, whic h i. lJ tJ(lerlying aIJ ' Iuruihe', 1() ""chtwgc
q",>lil;"''' (/;uvarnv "",illnv !W""~m~ tl\v " oo... \lJivtIv 0(<00" ro""",,,v
ui.qv l,'" F", ",.'ler i, " h) "."'0' ,uhjc'c\ '" ebang>', "h"r~lion, ~l>d
,ransformatio n'" i",,, a"),,hing 'he Cr""' or d,,,i,,,, and i, capable of
I"""""iug ru,) 'll~,li')' ",jnd, 'he Anifit,,' ";,h,,,", ,.. Hence ""h.~ngc>
occur i11 ' he 'l ,,,,~'i co of boo:lico" .. ~h) God', ",ill a quali,), of onc
kind", impo.cd "I>Ob , hi. p;,ro;e"lar mancr, bu, ,oiler",,,,,!> it "ill
h~"e a 'I"ab.) ofa,,,,thcr kind, on.\ k ' uS sa)" "hieh i< I..,n," ~,>d
"'P':rio:.>r -~ , ,.
In ,;ew of thc,", poni01" iu Greek, ,Iu- aUllo,,,,ici,, of c<:,.,aiu
poi"t< of 1t;0( ran be conftfl"ed. Th", "boo:tily na'uf'< ,d,-"i" of
,b,'"", "",I ,-nr~)U' ohange!, to , ,,ch on
tha, it can undergo
k;"d or ,,.... t,,fonnation~;' " ,he na'Un: of ratim)al ""'al"",, is
"cItang<.ble .nd com-ertibk br ,I", ""1)' cvndi,i"n of ih being erc
awl " "",I "bodily ,""'"c" ;" "C"I",I~c of d",,,~~ug a' ' he Crc",,,r.
"ill, by ~n ai1emtiou of 'Iuali '~ imo ",'ery, hing
circ ,no"auU!
might "'qu;n ... '"
'nis is ,he fu,,,i.>"'e"lal nolio" On "'hk h lit,. rotJC<l";"" of \1",
O"t<"rn< of judg<m~'" i, gIVOm&.'d, h, >tI,.,., I's:tlm I, ~ 'Thucf.".
,ite impio", ,I",U ,,,,, Ix- t"e>1HTC",<d i" j udgemcnt' """mmcDte<1
n,,,m
"'''I)
,it .,
OTt ,buo:
JOOgetn. m of , 10< ju~ ".,,,,,,,,,, ;, do< ".an,i,iu" from 'he ~ of lhi.
6fe tQ <I", "ogei>c ",hn" .,od jU<igcn""t of' ,h~ imp.Qu. i, ,be ,r:n,_
f"""
the body of,h;,"1<:: '" d.r~ .,,<1 dim bodie., For 'he in,I';'
.>01 ;', thc Konl,eom;ng j'~Iv'TI<"', bu, ;" thc
""",,,I OO>e,"t
~'io"
Th i, ,,"n,,;,;01' '3ke. pl><. I~"," ",,' i, i. 1",,-";1>1,' fOT God '0 '.ltd
,h<: ''I".. lity' of ""ttcr, ,incc he '; , the treator of i,:'" Irt G.u i, "'
,l.,ed ,10 .. ,lu'-;"8 .. the ,!<struC!;"" of 'he I"m'ld, ",'hid, "U' ",,-;,;,,1:'
c.1I romumma,;"n .. _change. in b"d;,', occur acooroi"g 10 ""~,
'M
CtU. '" ,
{I.
c...ri, :1010.2 .
'" 1""-
tll ", t",,-C \><e " "t>lX'i", c,r ' a"d ',h" "wl,i .. c(O""i ,u,,,,! of ,h,,,,
h<>di",.~'" In ' he ligbt of ,hi .
". ,Loo .,""" ,h., ",",,,. "'" 'ood, ~''"''''''~ ba<~,-" ,.1 ,'.rthly bod
;..- " .. " "., b<bc--. in the ","u"""tOoot of ,he dead. "., a/l,nn du,
c~."W' occur i" ,~< ,!"aJjo", of ba<" <>. ,;ncc ,","''' of ,11<", ,..lOC~
to",." 1>" ...."." Ul c"'nJt~""" 'f<' rai~-d ;" LnroInJPIM l ..,~ '"'-",,<
""'"" On rti,t,..n .. w- u< r.i.ro u, glo'l". alld """" ""''' io ".alI",,,,
. f f ,ab<"<! in I,o,..er .od 1,0.1;", ,.,,,n " .... ",1 an> ,ai",d '1,; ,;'uaL '"
Hence the ou,<o",< of judgen""" d uring a c(O"" ltmnMion of 11><
"orld ;. a lran ,p... ,;,io ''-, ch",,!!< of body. a ,nubili"" ,,f a ro.ti o_
""I beiDg
" "", her rank of life. It i, ,hen I~,.,ihk for h ,"n~n heing.
to bottome "n!;'I . '" For 'ho", ", ho "'" '~u <ttCt",r may beoome a
... gi"'. of .ng,.],'w a,o<l i" .uch a ca~ ' tbei, bod) ,,'iU cha.nge c,,"'
I'ktdy " " d will t"'"'CQm~ b...d)" ""(In b)" Qf an " ngel,,, b(Od)" 'acth cro,1
aud I UUli ,~)01S lik< 'he ,,,," ,re of the ligh,';"' r;" thc ange l. "ho """"
are iT! ' h ~ hc",,,,, wcre t>r<';o,Wo,' m<n wb" ,,,i'"e,t ,",'<ll iT! b,uTlan
bodie" a"d '" <li,1 o,hors btfo,,, ,loom. ,..
tik."i", ~w,., is ",feI""'" 10 th,,,,, who. acro,.,li"g 1o ,]"-i,
ill (K'"'' ,~,. ,;;{". "'~V) "~().l..o.I'II"VU"'(I' 'i n the "-~ ' "T""ti o ''' Itv
'0
m.,
tii
0"'''''., .. ) DO'" king in ' hc " " ,,' pure and 'm n~ uccu' ,pacc>
(r"'P"'~.'" ,'",d i, i> lleuor ' 0 li,'o" lij" iD 'aetJ,omJ body' 'va iO.p i<p
" .... (l ft dmn '0 li'"e life 'i" tbh .nd blood' .'"
Accordu'gl). it is l><olSitM for hu man Io<;,,!:, 10 1><00"'. '''I'''rio<
to angels., "''''~ t he [.,,,,-, fall. '" h i, 01"" P',...i1>I" for 10""", ,, t~ing,
"0' '0 chm,S'" ranl of lifo .ftee a jlKIgemc n'. bu , ,,, ... main 'men
0;",,,,1 in Ch';",'. '" . iTlc" i, i, C),,-; ., who apportio", the "",,e hcr
; Iag~ and , h., .... hi, ' ;C1O')" wilh hi, f,.id,f"lI follow,,"" Fi" "U)". ;1 i,
I'o"i bl~ for ""'h '0 be ',xpdkd' ant) '",,,,d,,,,,,,ed 10 go '0 a pbce
"hich i. " ;"'0'" '''') ligt" ., aU"]" I" a") <W!\I. ,10"" "ho ~n-
,. Ut. \ '1. 5,
,., cr ,
'.. 11"-
I . XX\1,
'" . -11,..
1~.
'" _
1/,.. 10,
I~ ,
299
110'" human b,j ng> h.,,, I","" j udged in .. P"";"''' judgem~llt a nd
h"<:1I f"u" d nei'Ioa '0 (,U tOO m uch Dor '0 collulli, ,ueh (lcee't,
'" 10 I""'mne ..n8"Io. '"
~" Y kind of 1~"" fonnation and "'0",
ha,-"
Tt""
j,
lu,,, th"
h is, 'bcJ"ck> ... , fk>S>iblc ,h. , 0." ,,'1>0 i,,, scro of AI>r.b.", '0 "",on"
01", " child of hi" oJ''''''gh diligroc., . ,od i, i. I"""iblc f",- 0." ,,1>0
i, dtiJ<1 "f Almlham '0 ."., !Kin!! hi, >d, b<oi",", ...r ""g\ig<",:e
.. ~I unculti,-.u,) .. '"
In ';c"- of 1hi, i, i. poi"'"d ou' t h~1 "i, i, I", .. ibie- ohat ",he
","ul .. , "' "r ei1her ,lc-<cc"ol from 'he highe>' good '0 ,h~ lowo" n'il
or 10 hc re"ore,1 fro", the I",,-c" Cl'il to d,e hig hc" g()()(I--,' " a nd
"in ,he day of j udgt,""TH ... ,be good will he "-1'-",,,.,1 fr()m ' h"
",il a"d oh" ,-igh ....,,,. rrom 'h,' " ",igh,."",, ~"d '''-''1)' u,dj,id"al ;0,,1
"ill by thc j udS"mCllt uf God l>< .1~)II<d t" ' h", 1'1.", of which hi,
mcrit> hare rendcr,,1 hi", .... onLr... ,,.
SUh""llIellti)-, ',Iuri ng 'hr roT"u,um arioll, th"" ,,ided on th "
earth will be ,bak "<l while the "'int>. being Ollouutaiu,' " will he
110" ",,"'e ay:o, .. Eooch " ."":.,,,, Sa (;00 is '~If., ... led
a, "c",.HQ' ""d ,,' i.. , ami p',,,,.-ici<;nt ""d j "dgc -- _ Tlw he i< 'J,,<k(~"
;, """'lC,1 h"", "Ihe .-ari"". I~..-lic. of "'tioWlI creature>. "",I the
'''''''''' ... orld' 16.0. tit a,&q.op<>. """'''''' tilw l..Prt."", ,-", ,oi;; "",oil"",
,,,,,,,L.,.<l ;"
.cOO)IOU<; \. '"
,~
_ ...It..., l l. W.
Not. U 9.8,
U""'" ,h. ~ J I....;, 3.
, ~ ,./t~. , ~, re; IV'3~ .
.. otIh. 138. 1'0 12. 1061
.., !J;uv<ill.!! 1 Cor. l~. 3; :Ill; '. c.t.. \ ',
,~
,~
l ~.
"""I,
d-...,
,,,"k>
'" .-Job.
' .. R
~.
""
b< rd""" ill I h ~ h um.a" r~ n l of life : h. ma)' be fO \Uld to <:1<0<""
tmmpo. ;,;"" rith CT 10 " IOWeT, or " higher, r...... of lifo.
Aceonji" g 10 <hi< Ij,ro". ~'" expected judgeme'" a1 the et,,1 of
'he P"""'1Il ~,x.on "ill OM h.: ~ 'fin,,) jlld!l"nl<-IH', "r,..i, i, "h) ,I,,',",
arc ",re"'"c,,"
",ond' j udge"",,,,.'"' i m!~\'i"g ,)"" ,..hich ,,;11
takc ~bcc "' ,h. cmi of th e "ex! aeon. Tlti> is " to,,,,iction tmCc
.1,1< ~t oth er 1.); nU of w,i,in g. in Gr<'<k. I" Iwm}" 'hen: ;, cefeT'
""CO !O ',be ijrot "'''''tn,crion' appealing 1<} Rc,'. 20, 6. hu. 0.1..,
men';""' i. m~dc (0 'onc of 'he I"",,' ""urn"bo",,'" through ,,",c,uch "" lhi" ' -\\~'Q i, h, who is .... "od in " b(cr ,...\lIT",,,;on'
It i, he "ho IIccd. '0 be h'ptized 1,,' Iirc:"" h, the ScH",h Il omil)'
on Jercn';ah he i"'p~c. 'he ' ''me no,;ol1 >""a~i"g of 'fiaure I", ,, ish.
mo"u' ,. '" , ince there 0'" u01 ( 11 1)" ,h".., tar ,,- 110111 <>"Iy ''''" 'pun,
i,how"" l"'fa.l15 u' 'he 'cm"um"""ion', '" lx,' .Iso 0110",', "ho i"cur
a ..."'ond . IOW" a ,hi,d , """ cohd,,,, a "1O,u,d," a"d ~w" a o<,..,,,th
0IlC. '" Tbi. I."er i. cl",,,'" fro", ' he P"'''''g<" "' l.e,;, iCl" 26. 21 ('1
will bring """en !i,,,,,. mono pbgueo UpOb lOll) "hic!! ;. la"-" '0
"d""o'. ~ """,,,u' m)">l~') ". m H i, "it", ;, 'h~\ j,," as u"') ''5<:,,," iD
a ... " (tu,,,)' "I,ich is 0,,1), a cOI~' a<ld >b",kN.' "f h"''''~''I)' thiJ,g'>"."
00 ,he people of l""d ,,~rt: puni,hed fcoe ,heir '"' a, a "'1') ~ nd
"'adow of the ,ea1 p'llli,h Ill ClI'" ." all tbe Plllli-.hIllC1H. ",bieb h ",,,
bttn ",riuen ill the la,," and u,., prophet> actually cout.iu - ~ "'a,I",,'
of ,h,. ",>.I pu,ci,h","n,,".'" So a pun;'h",.", tue si", coo,,, ,iuc-d it!
a ccrt~i" aco" "")" o<cue no( onl) in ,he " ,1""'1",," 1 O"~. hu, al...,
Ul a" ""on after ,ha' , " hich is n i,k. grounded Otl Matt. 12, 31:
"'''''I.>
..,.'le.'"
I 'H"w-,."~,,,I "'"
kq~ by tl\ri, 0' ''' "" '''~ O1U)";" thi> ..-,,"
lou, ",'cu ill 111<.<OIl to """'''' "'C)" are 11"""
,,'1>00, 11", !i.:rip<"'"
")~ '",100"0<''-'" 'I",.l> ' If'';n,l ,]" Hol) Sj';';, . 10< ..h.U "ot h .. f" ....
ghen ,,,,i,L,, i" ohio. """" 00' in I10e .,,,,n '0 ro.on~," .. ,d i",,.,...1 tOO<
Mly in 11>< ........ .", but :.110 i" .he ... . n'" . <0""-'"
.boo,
'"- J'Ih. l.
,~
'-11'"
3, 3.
... LW
,~
'-11'" ' . I
'" Ihi/.
,~
,~
'-In.
'" It,,,-
8.
,,, '-In.
,~
7.
~.
LW
~,
7. L
!G.
~,
Z, Xl ; I" .~l\'.
0" accou ,,, of th is. h" rde,. th, ,, to "th o,", pe,,!,lo ",h.,.. .iru, an'
,,0' li>rgi,..,u I10t "ul.,. in 'hi> aC<l" b,n aoo ,huing ,h~ whole a=f(
to <",n"~. " 1" Mfh. O rig"" ",,'m, (0 ha,. moved rrom 'his alti
tudo. <>f hi. )"Q" 'h. reI he i. still " nc<rt~in :
In,.,. ""'r
,Ic<,. ""
''''''<'.
If 1
COI>p"""" ,"' '" !U""'
I ,tu");
,he
""" onomh i, ,he eod "f ,be YC", after "'hl<h 'Iw I"'gillt,illg of all, ~t "'r
""'0'" '''''.''. '" il '''")' b" d,." ';11"" ...."r.J "11" COI"I"''' '" il "","n'
o )-= 'of oge., 110< 1'...... '" a~~ i. 'th< e,,{I. "f, .... which 0:"";" 'age.
'0 con,,' ,,-ill e",u', of ,d,;,tr the og< to coooc ;, the bcgiooiog, .nd
;11 ~""'" "",nillg '!!'~ God ... ill '.!1<" ,I", ' ~' be> of his ","",,' in lin,l
" .... , ",h,", ,1 .. gre""" ,ulMr, ",h" ",", "1O~ ' n iU of rh< 1101) Spili'
;, ut"~'r ,)'"
.ge ..
"',ll ., d,,,..
u.g ,h~ ... "" '" """'. f,."." l",gi nn;" g '" ... >d, [~lIe""'l ho-.. he I","
(;o<l[ ...;U di"""IX 'biog> "ftcr
I do nO< li,o,".'"
,[M,
,,-ork of tu. ' beological
a.."",.""
KUP''''' he "')'"
Sf'<iling ,,'ill, ~'~31er tbn,,~. 'h~ lmod ~iU no< ca;, oIl'~" rI'" "eon,',
for ;, ;, a l.... ...Jj. qH;'< ","ch tl .., he c . .. , off ;" ""e .... "". "'" ccr
,.u.ly h< ~' ~I c... ...tr Ul =",>d ;.cool. Ul "'e ""'" rm., ~'" ,u, ;, of
d , ~ kit..! ,,h;'-I. ';, ,"" '" I", fOI)l;""" "",her il, duo .eon ..." in ,loo
....-on'" come'.'"
mi);h' nu';"" ~ " e,oI"t;o" i" !h,' d ..... <r i", of ,.,.,.
rib'J!;oD of sins, .1,ho"Sh ,h< f""dunomal COll C"!";"", of prol,,"g_d
ti me ",,, ..~iJ,, u nciun);e<i. 'n" scc';o" of commJoItn w"," wrine", "'''' c_
ti,uc '''''>O''I<[ 231 .,,,1 here he ....~m. {Q l<: c~l~.<:<>rical. The I""''''''
in ikOr (" 'ritre" ill 2~2 Qr 23:1 np"'so'll(, a ,.,,,h,,, " "C<l"1ai" ~"itud<
0" 11,. I~);' U, wh~r~a. '."'m.\Iil11 l",ri"~lI ill Cao"""a ill 244 alld 248
",em, (Q e~l"'""d hi. defin;';,'" ani, ,,,.... '"
O" C
_"l1li.
l~, ~l . E.""
'-"'11. """""" """'" "'" ~" ..
cr. _"... If. ~ ,f 0< ". j"r;,1'I>':; ,/I "" '" '"" ""''''''' "')
if,
... ixoo
n; ............ _ .....
...,. .. .. """ "'" ~..,,, oi..r.i ~ .. ..." ,; ;11&0.;'""',,, ...\m.i """"",run.
_"ott.
,y.,
16. 22: ,
i, ~ ltpOlo 10>; 0"", .
i~/Ur\Iht
",n'..," c:",..~,J,.
,. A ,""
T";) IIn, 1'\', 2<S "J,
"
I" .ny e""" Origt, n. ,'m~ i, no' ",m"rullcd "' 'he end of the
p,eooot aeon. Heo"" it ;. p<><'; iJl~ to ''""X of an 'aftd 'he co,,
'U",IJM1ion. " ' de" o,u'g oh~ con'1n""Uor, of .une ,,1"1<', ,he (On,,,,,,.
m~,jon ~l)d judgt-me,".
'he ""0" 10 come
'n", 1h" tenn '~",r ma)', in 'h< fi ..., pl~ce. mea" ' he e"d of the
p,eooot aeon, '" clearly ;n\I~)"iog thm thi' i. no' n" al>V>lote e"d of
tim~ iudr. bu, 01=1)" , O1o",eDt of it. For each of 1I,e eoD>CCuu,,,
aeom ;" un,le"'oo<l 10 be " ~ of 'he 0>/ co" ri"",un of time. '1"11;.
ts " 'h) or,.. ,ho"ld 'l",ak of ","",'W"W. of l;m~. T i",e i. cO"'in"c'<i
,hroogll()u, .ueee.';,.., " ,,,1,1. and c"""iw l<. on< '''~li1r of the Iwrld.
Rcrum:ncc of illou,ido",;cM ,,'orld> i, unde",,,,,,1 to occ ur in thi.
co",i""","; bu, aI'hough the '",orl,l, ' ~" !"'''')', ,i me i, __ The
ti,," of .. oe~, aeon i. no,. a! it ,,.re. " "other ';01'. h ;" 'me ", "d
,he ",me continuum. '['hi, ;. ,u'e,d><d 0" , ,.]oo;;,de ,,';,h lh.
'ure of the .. ries "on""""" -,, "vrld,. Thi, i, "hy Orig~n >j>cah "f
'tlK- orrler of d,e cm;n:')- af ,"co",' " 'pi 'i}; <v .-run m;'i "L"",'
5'''t6.~ . ,.. and 'the <xt",,;o,, of 'he whole time' ,.ru 5""oni~"'o:;
"'. u),m- ~~~).'" Hk~,,'i3<. ~'" ,,,,lion of 'une comprising "",,,,.
),'-1 b<-;ng 00'. is <x!,""nd1 as
foIJo,,~:
'n
"",c,
'I'
ccruinJy ""' Ioing h." bc<n 0<" ~ill be ,...gIc<,1 b) God, ~, t... al
"..,b ',m" """p&. m.l ~' ha l bo .oould be m:ili"g;o. "Ufld ~hich
;. d"'nge>iok ,nd ","",\>le. Andju" .. " ,liik,.u " .....,... or,h" )'",,<
".nn,,,'" ,loo< ,lilI<-t-<n, agricul,,,,.... j<>/. upon The ,,"'h ",,<I '" crop..
110 God ,Ii""" .... aU tl", """no a, if tll<)' ".,'" )'C''''. "" 10 ,pc '" Q;"""
,,"<tiro\.; ... '" ';"""1'" """"" '''''' ai""R.;.. In <. ch """ of Ih<m 10<
,toe. .... b.' ;. ."a"",obIe !Or !h.' "look. ", ,,I ll>e t",ll, or lhi, ;, <leatl~
""""",,,",,><I<d ""<I ><;.",.t;,h<d l,n.' c;.-:.l "'... """" ,he hu,h ;. tu_ n
'Q him .'"
A, ~I
I'. 11",. "ogfl""" that O rigeo hold. " "",ioh of'a higher bm, CO",
';";ng ,,{ ""0""" Thi, ",;""lc i. "'kl~'" '" his claim that Origcn
hold, a "()1ion of a ...er<:<1 ,imc' . 0" " ,him I c()Jnr.",,,,,,d earl ,,.,..
Sul""'1uenolr It e maxo, 'he Uli ,,~ ke to ",,:r ,h.t bcYOT,d tiHle 'hen:
10, X.,(XL,(,
,. oloo F>W, IItUI.
'" r.... 1\', 6~ .
.., P. 1","", . _ m., I" 1 ,.
,~
""
"nu. ' dur.li,m j, oakl to be t h ~ng.-lc" on/.,. I'\hilc ;t I..~,. I\ll'hc;o:a"",";",,, an' erroo',""u,. I" Orig<" th",, ace OtJ) d,, <I;" ;,,,,, n""ion,
uf ,unc a",1 tinwle""," ~i"i"g ...'p."'i"I) i" 1"-0 .... ~litic ,,-hOch
are dearl)" di"inguo,t,,:d from e3ch ot her. Tho concq"ion <.>f
.iJ1\~ly depict; the i<k~ of prolollgmiou or time. "",I IImhiug hey"",1
lil",
On 'he "' hr, h"..}(I. J. IhhiCk", cbi "" ,b~, ',he lotal;,)' of lime'
in Origcn i. con,,,,, <l of '1h. j"hi!t'" of at"'''''''' )e.,,;. HOlhi,,'"
tha, on thi., poi.n "I.., h e had 1.>" "an, ic-ipa.,,,,1 by tIl e e"""tic.:"
Ub\~)u,J.,. J. Ilanidoll Ill i>r",,,'mcd 3 I""'''gc ill a.o.'''" ,,- here ""
allegorical ""eg~';' of biblical rempon,1 ,,,n,,. i, protided.
On '<COUT" of 'hi' (o"cepti oo of ,ime. """ IJtural ,.,"por,,1 om,,'
,,,..h a. ye",,' or 'd~)~' ~". 'I"i ,,, of... " io.<'1'",,,,,1 ~) O rigrn a.
,,;gr,ifying " "un" ,,",eNiling 10 the 1"''':<I)\i"" uf a pmlu "g<.-d h"
toncal proco" ill thc c"",io",,," of timc. '" This i, "'h), hc '" "ficlI
cHten<ti". to 'entI! , ,,ch .. ',,,,b )" or y.,."rd.l)' ' h" e~"g,,';. ,h"t
(i' e) m~) be f..:"", . "hkh acw,lIy ;"di"",. '~.~'n" . Thus. th" ,,rTtl
~ "'I,,;' n '~) "le,'" lh<
;.<'0". "he",,,,, ')'<:>'~nl:ty' "'''; " ' ea"
th e l"",t "n",_'"
h i, Dotew"" h)' iliw O . C,dhll'UIl ab" hold. a "",ion of . "ecc; _
3ro", in wh., be "'garm ... hil>licdi I';ew of ,i",e. Ht boldo ,hat
Ih e i "fu'i,~ lUll, i. ,fj,'~I",1 ;h'O ,1 ...... 0 I','';od,. " 'bieb "'~ ,,1<0 c~U",1
'~<,,,,,' a''-''')lu;''g ,,, ""f;pt"'~l t~nninologo. _ lie discenlS " 'I''"-'t aeon'.
I>hich;, th"lime b"f..,.-" en;a, "''';''' 11><,, i, the 'I'",,,,,nt
"hich
i. the ,im< ,;n" ere", ion """"rd.; :tnd fi,m]l), ther< i. " th inl ''''' '' .
which i< 'hc '.roo to ro",~.'" 'n"
aeon .. i>tgi"njllg lc" ami
'''"<)Jl,
1"""">\'
oi,,,
"co,,"
fi",
'" J-
p.
Cf.;..,....
w", ...,,,.
J-A.
~,.
I.""*",,
,gn
,nd '"
I",., ....'
,I...
""
"-,, lem,iwlt.-:d ",lieu <"""';0" ,,-"" m.d . Th~ P"''''''' ac<)n h.d a
btgiru,iHg 0",1 ,,-ill h ~,.. 3" told. ,,-hich ",ill mark ' he heginning of
the <",11"" at'<jn <0 com". I" .,,)' cas<: C"I~~.,," i, no, >'JOt as !O
1001'- man) aeon< ~". indica,,d thruu~l (he l.nguaw of ill<" ,'I,""
T."ame"' . So he .peal> of ',hr~c a",,", 41 w".''''
T here j, good "awn for OrigcII 10 employ 'he 110.i01l of pro_
I""g.ti"" of tUll~. On 'he cOlltF~r,., C"llmann doo:. not ""Y ", 11 )'
=.,io".
'r.",
,h",
,~
,~
,~
'M
0,. "'-. p.
a,
)~,
0,. "'-....
0,. ri<..
n
n
p, 73.
prolo:)olg;>lioll <>f'ime ",;,hOlIl ab<> 'l><ak i"g of the world a"ached 1<>
i" i; L''''tornou,,' to "'pM",ill/!" the "... reali,)' of 'P<'tt-,im e ""d to
"I><ak of 0"'" "hile "" gle",;ng 'I"",e, '11,;" ;, 1" 1, )' r " ..,h ' 0 1"'''''
"ul " 'ha, is ""u"lI) meo'" h) "(,",ne,,. 1.0 th, .sI'"I ... "f
,h,,'
i. 0'clic"r or rec,ir;near ,im~. or other dl<Qne. aWLH ,he '>Ilar" <of
time. which "'." I~tniall) dilCU,,,,d earlie r.
Wbeu <ertaul kiud of IUle i; dr.,m i" "r<ieT to I>ortm) ,ime.
'h i> line ,Ioe. ,,<>1 "", ,,~Uy I>oma) time proper. h r.. ,h" in<ii<"~'e.
'fXU' ;" filM. I""'h l>Oil)' <of d,, line ;. b", a C<"rl'<i" PQ.i ';Qn of ""
~,.,Id in _ . s.., 'h" CQn,'-'Cu,;.-., ""in ... "hieh are >tLl>f>O'<<i to <Qln _
pri", 'hi> lillC, l'Ou<lcr 3 ~eo.",, <trical ",be me which actll"lI) I"'rtmy.
'h e ,",orld ih i" co=u,;,,< po.i,io,," imo 'he contin""", of tim .
U, u,g O r;s,,", "'phi,,;c"'ted tenuiool,'gy. I ca " ,ay ,hi" the ,ha~
<>f tim" is onl~' !ho' ido'a,ional .. ,,:"",,"00 of th,' ',m,""u'c of d.., "orld'
in ,'" C<>'h",<"t;" " 1"""';""" of mO';Qn in ,ime, Su, I'",long<'d ,im<
aud ;t> 11l'''UU'g ~I'O " "died ,hro"gh a ' ''M/y of thc pv,,;t;(~l> of Ib,
.. nK1u'" of the ",-orld' ;n ,;me.
prop,: r <.'!OlOt be "'pn:",,,,,d
d, ,,-,,'gh " d"signcd ",1><-","; ;, i, o'~) spi>!W/ po.i,io .... " 'hieh CaD l><1" " ',",,),<,1 ~u'ougf, ",me kin,l of pieou. h ;" ,hroug h ,I", "",,cll,..'"
of Ihe ,,-,,1'I d in ' im<, Ihrough the rcl'p'ioll of 'h~ il\cc'""I\ ' >!le:,,;ou of f~i t~>n. in time th at thcft= .. 6"" i, [,cnorn'l amI I~"_
tray 1 tbf<!ugh " 1!"0,"etr;"~1 tigu~.
Thu. i, i, oul) lb"',ugl, ~ , ~ ooliotl of ,1,,. ;""1,.,.,,1,1. as"""i" ,i o"
of .,pace ".-;tll time
""ch a gco ,""" ic.l figu ", ca " m~k~ se" ,.' a,
" I>o"r~)~l "f li me. Tit;, ;, " 'h) C ullmann ~ctu.lIy """",d;et> hi",
>clfw""n h. r'1' .....' '',,, t;nu, a, a line . 1'0 1' onc< h~ (loo, Ilot "=I't
th e u'!Cp"",blc com,,,,,,io" of tUlle P"'l)C1' to 'Vate. 'here ;. nO log_
ical atg"'''Cn( for lu,," 1o grow,d ,b ~ vie.... ,It~ , ll,i, Ii_<l " I"'nra;~ I~.
11) rca""n of Origtn'. f""<hmct,,~ 1 1"'I'<"ptiot< of ,p"<et;m,, "-, a"
in.. p:>mhl< r~al;')'. in ,h;" chapr th~ t"pie of p,,~o n g~t;"" of ,im.
l~.. b<o<:n C.a ""A,.oo th rough hi, not;"n of "1C<_~ i,-" ",,,,,Ido. lno;k..,,1
th e ,u<c""io" of world. actuaUj" indicates ,be Ilux ;11 " prulongc,l
,;me. 0 ", m ~I" argue lha . in the 1''''';0''' "n:dy<:S. th,' oo,ion of
Iimt ,'ould be , ul", i""..d h) a term ,,,ch,,, history'."" 1 ,hall "",
<>bjec'
,hal. \ 'e, ",hat r<.lIy i, ""tory' h ;, ' \Qt a IIv';<>11 ,,-hid,
ti",.,.
r_
,11.,
..
'0
du ~
j .. <tairung
"" b,,,,,,,,, <>D' or ...... ",h<R.. Oris<n', <"""'1""'" of "'" ,""""",n' of "'" _
.i."
b , ~ ., ."
..... "'l'.
'"
l<J
,Ad
""',.. ""!t
;;wl\ ,,"
'~m 8uOI
'''U~,;u~II'
"'J
,""<)
'I'<>l'u\,
"'''Id
''''!I
'.""'Z "
"",,,'X,
'"'
,..'Il 0 "OLL~O"(),IO""
,en,,, or ' I""". The S,oic<. '0". ",g~rded '" <tal (0,.) oul)' "ha, armaJ!1 ..ltim ~nd ,,h., """,,'WI{y ~~i>u. To ","I~ ae1uaIJ)" , h.\ "~. ~,
thi. I'Cry lllom'''I1) i, " di(li;r~nt litl f"c.(. 'fun"r"j lind of "Ii,y from
th < l""'oi1)li,)" of w.I<i" g. "a"l<"ly, ,I>< abili,) to "."Ik a' a,,, r,,,ure
"'''U1C''' or '0 )~"'o o.l3d.,. ",allcd. 11,,, 'hc "ut>tand;ng ,liifcT"<"ncr
li.,. in 'he Stoic ,icw or time'" ex,""'""'. Although ,lte S,oic. ]>OIl'
1\(1, .. ,( ,ime as " """,e.1 eI"m"" , ;', ,I,, mak,"ul' of 'h< " 'o<ld (n01
mer"d)'
Ih~ '""",Ix, of "'''Ii"nl. the) ,lid n", make much uflh~ir
d;"'o,"o,.,.
Thi. ,ie.,, ""mo> to th e furo onl)" ,,'i,h Orig<n . It '''''' wi,h him
tit ., time;" ..-g:<nled both an elorucut of 'he crc~tion exi"iug in
i''''1f .."'( clo,,"l) IU""d wid, ,,!,;<ce. '" d"" 110 ,tee",,,,, or Im'" ""'Y
t~ giwn ~I"'n from tl~' ''''''ou of 'I""" . O rig<o trea,,>;! '1''''''' \Ogl..1h,.,.
~,tJ. ,im<. TI,., i. wh)" th e n"'~)Il of uilk ,tand. 011' i" ,h. lerm "U~
~"p<.,ftiV(JW. This i, Ihe fUl"l"ncutnl ""d crucial cI,,,,c'" which. in
tlt e ,J'"'l' ,,,,I. i. "h!CUt frOUl 1I 1~1I)" ~Itciet" ~ccou "t> of timo. And
il is onl)" on thi, mi>lea<ti"g ground , h ~, the d",(ue,i,', ~fl(\Jmc"'S
chaU,"gi"g Ih, 'ealit) of til"e """ld "and.
In Orig<n. ,ic>,.. , li me;" a oob;ro/ ditncn.mn of I)", ",'wl,) akmg_
, i<le "hich ,hi, wo ri,i e.i .... T hen: i, no que"iou of olltological
cl .... ifICa'ioTl be,ween rm.- ~"d "., _ _ .. '1"",oon. which h,,,, I"",,,
gi'-'TI '" owch ,1i>c""iOl' uutil our day.'"
We ha'" al,...~, i )' ..:en Ih~ 1 h,' (10", 110' id<'lIlit), tiN "';Ih .,.~'"".
AIw, h~ dt~" II<~ n~<d to cnn,idec "' hct her time i, or igill.""'>;! ill
'''''';Oll. or ,icc 'T".,. For th< (ldiuil~)" ofti",e .. ,,07uiu: "",I d",,,,,,
,it:>. co"" il"'" ~ " objrt,;";stie ,ie.". of ,i me "o~.dope'Kic))1 upon
mO/ion . He ... i, ,,'h~, co",i""" ~ "ep beyoll,i tI'e acrow'" of G"",k
philosophy, I'lawnisls. l'e";J""ctie . P..pie""""" and C\("{tplaton;,,, b:,,1
to gi'" att .">CCOU"I <>flh< rdation of time 1""0\)'" '0 ""'ILvn, In them
all (d"pile thoir dineI"<n' cone<"!,l i"", of time .,./"," "PP"." a, all
intrim;" no,;oll of Iheir Mfini'i ou of time. To the Stoic< t;me . ,
6,m."l~"
h\ ,,,' ot<'''Iogie:,1 prioril) 10 mOlio1l. n,,';r lreal me'" of Ihe probk m. h""'.,,,,,. kft ,h.;m ,.,.,her ",l n era~l" to criti
ci,.., hr other phi("""I"""". a. \0,' h~,," .ee'L
lJy eOlltT"-". motioll i. '"'' 3 notio" illh, .... nt ill OTig~o'. '''''IC~I'_
t;O" of .ime. ~" u '" be dcf,ned il i1\ a mOn: ,ophisticated 3,,,1
a,
",,,,ti,
.. Orig<"ll.
""'.,,,, .
w.. .rat
I """'~r.
C~4 ' "
pp.
a.
~i< b
"" q"".a...
of
d...
311if.
ol~e'i,'e
,,!!,''''
'0
'0
',IT(.
'I'.""
I'''''''''''.
lJcsp;'c d,~ tiCt ,h" O rigcn i, mainl.,. i," c,",,' ] ;It ra,;o",,1 crea_
'u re. of thc partic,,!..r "I"'M .... ,her thau th< 'p"cc. ,bem",I,,,._ br
,10<, OOt j"il to ",for 'u mo,ion in gtn"aI. I" ,I';. ""tinr, 1 .haD
discu," ],0" 10, con,ider.! .000011 anrl pan;"ubd)
(/JU#' of i, .
Tre.,mc,,, of thi, q"",'io" ;" ,ul'I'lied in G ,",,~ ,,-'lraCl> uf 1'rW,
;u wcU "'" i" <ko,. A _
" ud.,. "f, loe>< ptoi " " ,ho".
tlK- cla;;iflCa,iolt
of m01i01l " <ka l' with in qui,. a .)~",,,at;" "")', The I>oin .. ",h"",
,h c"" ""all'''''
could ~, 00 ""r bt """,ide",d '" ~,cidcntal.
For i, ., '1 ",cause ~'e wad,iug of 11,. C to"reb i"dude< ,I, " ,Ioc"i""
of 'Il< ,igh",Ol" judgemen' of c,,,r ,h~' O';g<n m" .~. ,he " " '~',i,
of nK>1im, ;It 1'TiN:, in 'h c be!(inlt;ng of ih)k Ill, Chaptcr I. tha, ;"
n, ,he nu""t of hi' eXftO"it;on of hi' doctrine of frtt will .' h ..ho"I,1
It,. cmpl,:"iz.,] ,10:" ,I", r'; ", ,;oo tor ,I", d"",iJirati"" or mo,;"u i,
,b . ,."." of il.'
Mo,;,on 'hen, on .cco,,'" of Ill<" ",.~ of i,. ;, ,'4 ... if..,d in 'he fol
lowing catcg<'';c,:'
,b.
,I.;"
"1'1"''''
I . 'Iolinn which
a"in "," ,hing>, likr ',,,,,,,,, "",I piecc> of w()od . whid. ~rc cut
OL" of 11" 'I " a,ry or I""" 10,' ,hc IK)wcr "f gr"";''IoI"', ,I"" ;"
' h~,8' which 'a", held ,ogether "' e"'ly by 'h eir for",'.' 1" 1bt
,.me <.leg"') :',." ;"d,,(].-d ab" d,,,,,, <.iI<d 'po"-,,bk d,;"t(S" ;"
ge neral: 'h a, i,. no' i".nim ',e 'hin!!, a. aIM". b", .I~) Ii\; ng
t,,,,,
un. ........ (OO.~. f:..Jo.' ..... "''' 1'! I~ "'" I/"",h*." 1 - . 19>6,
p, non",,",,,,,,,, go>OO "''''~,,;.-'', . 01 ",loch I p...,wh . n ;! "'I'd ", tIW po;nt.
er
1'1..,
TU'~
"..'"\} CAUSAl.fl'V
11 1
,hi"S" . "ch '" ',he l>o<li.. of li"ing "",alllre>, a. ,,-dl a, I",,' able
plan',;. Wh,,, i, ill COl1\mOn in ,he", motion. i. 'hat all of Ihem
ha\'~ ,he" ,,, ..... 'from outs,d,' 'I'~v)' Ihcm ,
2. ~ l",jOt' due to d ... tlux of bodi<->' ,~, p;)a'" , ..... a"",,"'Ol". It i.
'L'l",1 ,hat ,hi, ",01ioll " 11",' indud~d 'in ' he p,.."""ll discu";"," .
na",d)" in ItiK.' Still ,he" i; rclN<ntt '''' ,hi; ill rho... thi' "''''b'''u
'I'P~<> '0 'hi,,~" wh,ch 'arc Ill(wed hy \';n"e of 'he f.w ' hat all
l>o<ti .. ,.,.., in a su", ofn,,~. 'In:y d,:,,~y". Thcrtf"'rt. ',hi; 11\00ioo
"hieh cl",)" havc is h""'I,,,...blf 00''' ....<:'00 "ill, [heir ",,'c ",f dt'C~) . "
3. ~h>liOt, ill ,,'hich ,Ik' ca.,,,, orio" ill 'he ",,,,; lIg \x.<1.,., 'n,i, p<:r
w.ill' '0 ,ho,"" 1ll0H,1 'cid,er h)" their O,,"ll inh<r""' ","me or
",,,1'. " The"" "n: ,h iu!;, 10",;"8 the ca"", of rUOIiob 'in mcm
",I,~' ." rou'o"l," "11\;" kind of mOlio" al'P~"' l>Otb '0 inanimate
'hill;;:> ~lId ~,-ing c",.'u"" alik,' , "11,,,,, Ihc foUo,,';"!: ""b-caoeW>';<:S
call be di.,oomed in ,h;, ca",.
". Mo,ion of '111<1"1. ""d r,rc and '"''''' "l'rill8' of ,,'.<tM"', when:
i, CRb be ~, i d to 'ha,, 'he ",,, .. e of ' heir mo,;on in ,hem .. h,,'
h 'a~to" & hu, ri). ""la_
",.""6<,,,." O,<g.'" >I~'<:S
tha' 'Ilwy k, ... ,he c." .... of ~ .... ;, ,uQliOl' '''' i~> ,h,m..,I.... , r .~
<0"
ia ...';w)."
h . .\jo,ioo of '"u;rua'e," or '!i,"',!! =a,urcs'," wh ich ;, calk<l
mo';oo 'from "';thi,, th'm .. I,',, '6., ' tau' .... ," Tbe<c '1;,';"8
ere,,,u"", "'O\'~ 'from " "I I"n ,1,,,,,,,,1,",,, wh"" uw'~ an, ..
"' ithin 'h~m an image (",,,,,,,;0. "hich <.11, r,>rth an iml",I",'.
Sf'';'>gIn!: from ', 1>< imagin"I'''' n,">re ;<' tin!: ' he ;mpul,, in
ord<Te~ m<Aioll'. Th .. i, ki,,~ of 'natural" mo,;oll related to
me na'ure of a certain anim,d. For iru;t:lDtt. 'iu 'he .pi~"r, .u
;""'IIe of w~.''''>g " "'eb 'On"" ,,,,d Ihe unl''''"'" 10 "'e",'c ;,
folio ...,: ,hi. imp" ... to "e~\c i, rda,ed to ,hi, an"",,1 h.."" ,,,,,,
!hi. i, 'h, na'ural m(KIF of it, exi"cIlC~. Tt", ..am. h"PI",n<
J""'.
,
,
"
"
"
~
",;,h the 'be" in "'hid>, too. 'an im p" "" ,,, I'rnd"c< " hon.'}"_
com l, aru.:.. X,,,,,n hdC"-. animal> i>c.,-oml ,hi. i",",,~oat i ,.,.
.",h, n' . . . po,,,,,,,,, ""thing e1:'. "
<. .\ Io';"n of ,...tion>.! Cn'~'U""_ 11,;,;, d;fICrenl frum ,Il(" m"';on
of ~n)' other li,;ng c'''"ture . For 'he 'r,,'ion~f a n in~,1 . , . I.,,,
"'me,hing "",re ,h,n 'he imagina,i ,,, nature. "amdr, "">on
.d,ich judll'" the imp ul;.c.; ,orne i. r<jcct... o,h e" i. "ppro,-e.
nt: SO ,ha. , h. c"""' ''' mal' be guid1 in """,rda""" ,,'i,h
'h"", I~ "~r im:.ge"" This i, "hl 'he motion of "";,,,,;J "ea'
''''~. i. '~g~,d"d a. mo,i.,,, 'b)" ,h"m,.d,-." (6,' ,,~, .... ," Th ,,,
',() deci,le
uo;c ",I"" h.. h'I>I'.,ned either in d,;" way or in
tha. i> ,he ",ork of bot hing d .. b", . be re,,",," ""idoi,, 'oo. "'hich
.. , be ;Jt<roa,j'-e' ~PI,."\r. ,id,,"r ibHu,ure. ," ",,,,,,.,1, 'he
hnp u ~e. ,ha, ;"c;,, IQ "ha' ;. good and S<:e0\1)' Qf cl... ""'''
u, ...H~, 10 ' h< "'vc",,'-." .';0 ' h< I....""hili'<, of "",,,,-mpl.tillg
WM~I ~nd C'."I an:: iui,ercu, in 'h<
"f rea"",_ It ;" 001'
off<)Uowillg 'h"'" comempll,ioo, ami chOO>ing frttly Wh."'Hf
h,' ,,-;,1... '0 chooso' lh~' ~ "'~'K>nal Cl'ealO"" is ."I~<:<I either to
p",i;c for eh""""I: ,he good 0< 10 I,t",,,, for choooi"g ,10., ",11.
'0
'"""r<"
,ha,
It ;. Orig",,', \;,....
",,,en,,,1 tbingo do "'" lie "'i'hin ",or po.,-er;
t"" 1o u;e 'hcm in ,I.;, """) or ~n ",hcr (.i t"'. ,,', h,,,.., ""'c;"e,1 f.,,
,.,,, "> a judW' a nd iO\~"iga.or of ,h~ " 'A)" ill "hid> "'e o"gh, '"
,Ieal witb each of ,h em. i, Ou r "',k." It ;" Ou' of the", con,i,km_
,io11l of mOliou, ,I"" doe id,.. "( J "dge",cu t m,ke. >cme. For ,",h ~,
;. mainly co",;ticITd '" motion ""n' from 'he frttdom of rmiou.>!
C'~" 'Hf"' . On ',cco",,, of ,lci . no ,..~oi"nal cn""'''~ can
pcr....".1"''I''"".bil;t)"
'"'1'''
'10 t1<"", ,lie 1Jj.a,,,. f()O' ,,h>1 '" h.I'p"'" to u, "" <"m,a! ,hin", .nd
'0 I;-<e """,,1<0> f"-,,o oro,o", ;, w.< c\<cl.";og !h.'1 "" 0" W<o "''''"
.nd """"". ,,hicb . I'<' dr.ggcd "10"''1( Ioj-' age""" tha , u"". !h"m f,,,,,,
""MU', .. "<id""
OM """'''''''''', bu t ;, !h< a.-gun'"'' of. n""
",ho ,1<';", to wr"~ict If,,- idea of f= ",11."
""<
, 1...-, III.I.Z.
, UQ.,
~
'"
1"-1"-~CII ti m~
alld
h~a\'ellly
bodi .. i. not
ignored ; time <'-U1l> a, Iou!!" ... bca,-eruy bodie, ""'"' "'MI \;cc ,-""' . "
T hi.;, , he ",<,<ni"g ord ,~ ,erm """"""".1".0,1'..... N""'h,,.... h",,"'
.'"er, i. j , ",,,,,,,..-1 lh" tin,,'
of lh, "',,"enW'" of h""""'~~
,,,,i.,,, 0.'
bodico; t inll' co..,.i, .. "'i lh the m. b'n ,hi. i. an ind<I.:ndclll eI, me nt,
""'.Id
"""<"'
he
"",k,,,(~,,j :
It .. ol,,-iou,
rn:"
h~ sw , ~.
"the, hc~\"Cnl)
po,....... , , '"..,
,",,,,blc of rcehn~ ""d of mO"c""en<"; tor '"h.,' 'i' ,h",e i" ,I\('m'
i. ' rao",ruil r""h"g ""d mO"<!ne",','" Abo. ' Lt i; ""ta;,, 1l~t1 no l;\,_
:!(1J2,
1-"', 1.1.3 ,
R f'oiot, U.8,2,
N f'oiot, U Il.l.
~,is
",,<I
""idi,,.
\.
'"
th e impio," . " d
lire. ,,-hioh i, "either good nor bad: a"" " ", .11 which
n"ill~,I,
of m.jor
'ign;foe~nc. ~"d
an"""on ,
FoUowing frum 'he J1lall tlCC, ill which 'he S'o;c I~ml motion "
""nb ,, 'c,j th e ucw impo" ,fuc,(ji;ffi nl>O\ ... ex.<",';",, ' i; 'he miitnt
,,'b,'''' lri:,1 of free ,no,.,,1 ""nOn lake. pl.>cc. \\,hid, "wan' lhal.
t>C)ond ,I,, m ..." "."w.J ch,,,,,",, , of thi, ""tension. the,,' " 1n0'"'
to I.. C<)n,i~ereil .bO\n it> chardcr. In
it i,
"""'J"
t'""n
~"u~"
h.
"Y'.
,,,~I
'"'< did
",,,<:<I:
fl()t
~.t<"
to ,10< '-01
of ,he Lord 0,,"' G,"I . ~ W. ,u"",d ",,,I w< <1.i<1 ''',. ",ten u",il """-.
lh,,,
""-"Y ,<tun""". and I"'gll" roI"-<No.on '",0'",....,'''':;, Lbe)
.. ) . 'We "'" .... ""n~,g .,,,1 we d ,d not li'k,,. For it ,\oe< t"~ happen
"'''-<
The Ll>" of tom\> .uch "-< 'n;t",,,ed - \U t",,,, ... ,,,,,,,,. 'h<gi " "ittglapx~v). 'for tLore i. a nccd for "'lDC more timc' . at yUp in XpOv""
0.;1, 'for tbe ITt um' IfiN '~10t_1i:; iJl(~catc. tit", time i; "Ot .un
1'1) ~n extell,im,. I~" i, i, th. , "'""'"' for f,~.., "",ion '0 I.., n;~liz<t<l .
Time ;' then ' ho ";&0 fQr trial tQ I~~c 1'1>., a tri.1 thal ;, a
,-h.lkn!!" IQ f'<...""m_ T he QUtcome ..,f thi, ""'!!!lIe i, Lhe ","';t;o"
to lh< <In-iL which "bo "ct> ,,',I hin time :
-JM>o,
O.
~IP.
XXXIX .
Ii. ~! : Ill. 17, :!O: Ill, 17 , 21, 1I1 ,:IlI. 6: [);OO, 2 1 ~, 16:
1(1,
t.
'Jd>d,
:11; 1. 8.
, .1<"'-
~,
25 .
Iw(j,,_ 5. 10.
,,,,,,,,,,.:wO..., .
The ,biJ h", b<><n "ooomjl1ing ,in. f".. "" Iorlg. 001<
..,,<~ ,h. ,.".1;"" .,,,1 ,I.,. d",,'nfall <tll"jlo).,j of ,/1<' ,,"O,ld, )'" 11<'
,""" 1100 .... r,.,. or,), r,,.,. 0' ... 1,,1" 10, I", ,I< ... ",,' d"",,,', t1I""" ,,"'''_
;.nnte"" "'hi(h ,'".n< f",,,, G<><I"~
Time;" tbe b""lef.. ld of 'hi> tria~ thi; i, ... h,u /in",lIr ,ho .... wh'"
,he o'e.,,1I i. 111 .lEx. Ib~ ponioo Ex. 31. I ('And ,.he Lom >1"'ke
""'0 ~r, ...." say ing' i, <.... um~nt~d ,Wl th u,:
It , , " . ~ I,,,,)' ,L), th., tht ,,"''' "'iO(" God "'"pi \I .,.... "-";t,,,g
I:><tb", ~,u'S hi", U", la,,' .rthough ;1 ".,." r:-=ibk Wt hi", ,,, ~\"
"'" I.. " iu tIurt " .)". B", It, d;d thl'l ,., 11.. , t1I,. om,' of ~I.,..,..
>!..,eoICe
,h. ;"'pien' ",10,,10 ,,'" hodoh' in the <I"poh of ,h. Je,,'"
,n..
h.,it~
nm' lu" e ","'lu", Ib e ,,"" ue "' I,,,,,, f,..., aCliou i, e~I>OS<.-d '0 ,';,, 1.
It i, ' he knglh " f ' imc, " hid, of,~n le,,, th . "hilit) "f ~ c.rt~in
"ni''''k. nU"Hi" ", length "f time . o",;(i",tc "'HjO' cbalknKC to
acti()n. Ilu, ahhollgh length of time i. " no""' '' fo, 'he '1"alil), of
action '0 be ,,~. i, does toOl in iIsdF CO,,,,,i1\, 'e a" ,Ie," "'" of d,e
'OS""(" of mo,."Ii,y. It j, 001 th~ I,,"geh of I,,,,,,. d" ring ", bi( b a tit " "
is ~"~,, of ,h< "'om of God. "'hid, i, of, )", ",,,;n ,;jgel iF.;t"C<'; "h"t
is iml>ortaot i, moral .crio,,, i, ,,,1f ,h'olJghout timo. TI", )"''''''8e .\1;011 .
19,30 ' ''''0) tha, arc li"" ,hall be \a;t; "" d 'h' I;", ...hall he Iir;, '
;. lake" 10 'ugg<:>1 I b ~ \ IhOk ,,'00 acCC]!' th, (Ii,"it,e wonll.,,", ,h""
other-. 'ill< n'~ hi"do,."d by time' ("'- ""~ i p ..a;~w""
xP/WW
wi. ijot'P<'" ~"".w...a"", Whi<h "'ean, d"" !he <] ~C'l;on is no,
100"- long un" i, a fai lhf"l hut ho" Cloru'~'" i>cli<f;" ",,,1;,,.1 in
actiOlJ.
Th"", is an <x,eo,i,.., 're~"nem of th;" point. There ;" nl!<> npl'eal
to Heb. 5. 12 ('For " 'iJ,- n bc'C~u'" of ,he tim., 1t.,6o '0" X~QV )""
o"gh, to bo, t"""h~"' I." in <ltrl", to aH' ,),," ,10" ,h''''' ion of ,; m_
p i)' kno,,;ng the di';lJ~ L
,,,, i, "01 ,,/lie;<n' 1"''''''IKo.iljo'' '" i>c
Wha' ;. of pri",e ,;gu if",,,",,,,,, i. ,loo d",atio" of .ct ~ '" acc"m_
I.l;"hing 'hi> ,caching ", a (ont"''" ",ctiou in ,im",
"'"
'f,,,,..
Al ~1
i, i,
I""'i"'"
,,,"'n~,,,ly
.. .d&. ,..-:;
on ,I", "''''.
f~,
~.m
12.2I)1~
PG 17.1f.tf.
., .--1/..., 1.1 , ~ .
.~,
.. IhI,
'"
can;",j
to ,)""
~,
or ,I.- .. ho
,;",1 .. ,h.."..
",h<>
be!I. "
~<><lcing ~"".
l><15~n
,,,,,.-lcing ",'cc
d.",,"
p.''''!!''
th.,
t/"",
m...".,y. '-"
,h."
I,.,."
'h ~
...11) o,b" . S'o;c "'"n, a.., 01;0 ''''gued ~ diffc"''' ' ,mporI I.,tinj"l!
On!:,,,'. aim. T h". ,he S'o", "Olion "f time a, a n.wntl mea,,,...,
of f",'nc" . ",1 .Jo,, ne,' is "l'pli 1 a .igni~c.u' I'u'l"'n ,, hich
dc!IC"-cs
be ca","..,,,,d.
'0
In the
~
~
~
.-o",,~t
of
ronc~1"il)g
p..nI..I<-"'
\I.,.. W, 1 16.
A,~I
~h)-
,h. friend.
~"..,..,
knov. tl,., the del.) of .,m.al "''''' ",no< (Ii";,,," t40n""Ua .,. ""''''
,m;,,,, oikono",", ""-" 1>1=. IQ,- ,h. f,-u.,td. '0 b< 1.,< .. ,d " ... (I;"",,,,"
'0
be prolo"g<d, '" "'" th" jo" man "" ill I", <""re;"'d for mon: ,im<
...1 "ill "'''''' ju,tiIi.,hl) 1>.' ,,,;,,,et up by God."
Acwnlin~l ). in
1'riM i, ;, .ta,,,,!
""It
oot""';on", i, doe> ''''' '"," ",,' '0 ,be O<I'-"""'W of ,"'- ""00 " ....
I-.<.kd 'hot ,hry ,ho,,1d b..
quid!)" "'l""' " if. tl .., i, ""'y ,""",
Wk" of la..."",I.", in'" dillicwtie> .,,(1 .f< "'<n <a>ily r<h",,1 fo"",
"", ro,tdi""",
""hi.el, ".') I... ", falk", 10,. ,k"l~';"g !IH- ",11 ..
"';"8 e.!), of ,'ur< .,1(1
no i>~u';''''' og,,;"" f.l~n8 ;'''0 i,.
th<y "iU ftod ~",o""l.". in i, k.r", >"011(1 tune, h, de""JJ"8 "i,h "",10
""""'''' ,,,,,",;',,,. ,10" clOl".1 God. th,' ",''''c i,,,, of ""'''', dooo!!, "'b,,
'~oc-"" .n ,hiug' bofu", 11,'1' come '0 '''' .... iJ, ho good""" "f,';o'
1-.<'*"
i,""
''''"''8
"""jj"g
0'''0(..;
n'It,
,in, ,..hM:b tl"')-' ,"0,""" ;111 op.;n" ,;""" "hen ",,",- ob.ndoned
ilpOwo'
,. O",y lh",1
"'" )~I fuJfdl<<I th" 31'proprlli tin .. ...ooi.., "'.' '''''ov'''
..
.. _.,,,1 11",,, >ft"",,,,,,, "'"''''''' ,,, b. ,.n,,,
w'~""'"",v
t<)
"'0....
,~,ickh'
"",I)'
",","""" io doin~
A, no",h",
I~,i",
.,.i
,,,,,,,nI.
C()\",lft"""j
~
~
,10"
s....""'J.
D.,Oej
.. /.,;"" 111.1.17_
" 1..1.
" fi.<lo#. 38),
12 .
le"" IlIpri5,,,v) or
\\"1"" \.-" " , Ihe,d"n;, .. Ih .. " ot "',., fn;e m" ..1 "ClOo" t., I:.,.
1'1"". ";thi,, ,ime, bUI il al", is ill a"","", judg<."<I ,,<co,din g l(' li me .
'n", limo i. ill fac t a 'c,;,c,;",, ' "f '1.,1), t",,,c,, ,,,,d ,]o,.-n"",."
H"""'"<:T. il .. U(~ 1bo n.1Uf>1 "'e",uring of f"""e'" 0' , Iownc ..
1h . ,,,",,I.-,,,, t,,,, ,h~ racuhy of ']>\J,<"Ci'''iog moral "Clion. "'loch ;,
co,,,idc,,,d . T hcn;fof>;. ,h i, 'ime i, in p.inei]>k an eXlJ;t"io" for moJ'"~1
acti,,,, to 1>< triod ""t . 11,i. i cg,,,,kd al", a. a '"",a,,,,,, and cri_
tmnn', ,~~ '0 much f<.r m,,:!>u,;ng IjIIORhtJ' of time). b." m.'a,u';ng
qo;d'9 lof on:~",.dr frcc ", oml .c,;on , 'lime i; 'he c"co,;ou "' hcr~
f"""dom Os lri<:<1
sin .... ;1 ;s only "';Ihi,, lu"e ~,al c,...~1U"'I)' ["'edom c~" mak .. -,<_n", .
"rhu., th~ di,ino oik'~lOmia ;. manif~"ro in limo. lu r<ali< ing hi.
oOkono,";", G od act! 'quiok!)' Or ']0,,1),'. StiU Origcn adhere! '0 hi .
'-K-W of God ', ti lUcl",,,,,,,,, "ati"g ,hat. althougb mtionw beinl:' lIcc,l
, ime ;,-, order !O <"<a lite t ltdr tr.ed"m. God ,I"". Oot o<-ed lime in
orn"r 10 man;b, hi. <>ikonom"' . With ""I><ct 10 [h;,., a po";",, of
(Ilfflm.l/atI i, ,wnh quo,i ng:
0\".
,\,"i "" M< oh",,1d h"'e .") ... ~"";"" ih 'C(,pting ' he "r;"~
,it.>,
h" ",~o ,,,Id 11 his ""lof,gi,,<:, '\1><:1 gm-, ;, to ,It, poor. bc<:oooe> per
!<et .u at ""'"" ~. The I>.'-"'I!iog> "'"Y 1>.. ){i\~" "'-eT ,oocb ,in,,.
,.1 ",och ri"", ;, ,......w.1 (0 giw
to ,10" .1""""",,,,;0.,,,1 ]>0<><.
but 'h<- I-"\<,,, ;" \,,- no " .... n. h; ,.i<m! Iw ,;no< in o.u.r '0 ~iw ;"
propo,fu" to ,/" thi,,<:, gi'-cn to th" pO"", 00 cl,", k ",~o
u,
"""~ " o'a'uocr t.,)O" l'"rfl. ,\"d ;' ;, ,!.oar .b", ~e ~'l", ca<Tic<1
'"" (/"'''' <ked> ",ill L"" cll>ur< iD 'he h,,.,",,~ be..'omif'g hea'~
him ..J["
,h"
."cd
'0'"
Su
,h.
m"
'''''''U'n-
~
~
~
"
_'IoU,I,H.W, 11
~,
C[
_
sr~~
Iu.. l S, 18.
5n; I, 26, IJ- I'
""
~"
321
by rea..:)!! of hu being imm anrn' in ,)", "rld. Th.' gOlI of 'ho S,oic,
;, I.)und, .. i, '.e.-c, wi,h time, I" Origcn', ';C"', on the oth<1" hand,
'"U I",ing' are '" ,une'
thal aU
I~'ing! Me ' " tim,.. h
" lIw "0,>0" of t,..~"s<endc"ce of Coo ,'i ..:i-\'j, ' be "odd 1h:'1 allo",
him to "on,,;der 'he .-cblioll of LogO$ '0 time ill 11, 0
ca n,."...,d
e"rliCT. C"""uc< nre 'in' bH'C," OT 'maid ,ime.'" 0" the othcr
1",,,<1. the no'io" (J: time h."ing I>N:" created by God, ., ,,'oU '"
,h,. re""'!"ion of a world bro<o<kr 'han ,bi> "i,;bl. flrmam<1l'. allow
'0 "'gani time in ~ mo,,' fkxible "al. :U a ma"cr of r"",. Origen
8"'" "--' f.r a. '0 .,,,,, rl a no,ion of rda,i\;1y in the porcep,ion "f
,ime, ,. ,,'e ha'T """",
H,." "" he ;. "'" iblereste,l d,her ib , h. m",ion of inanimate
ol~c". Of in ,hn, of aJti",a), cau .. d b)' impub",. 1I".id".. he ,1"OIn'
,he "'0""""'" of hC~"'t~) bod;". a< vani') '. " A, an)' "~I., i, i, nOl
'",',," i"df ,h" he i, I'reo<<<rpj~d "' i,h, ,,",,,,,,,,, is but. ''''I~~cmcn ''''
formi"g ' he '"ITOLJIJ<1i"~,, "fmoml "cti"" " ,bich i. tl,e cmcial i",,,~,
He m~k. i, 1"',;",,1), d.ar 'hm 'h"re ;, ooly 0"" kin,l of mOlio".
"hich is of ;,,,""", '0 hi"" ,Ici, i, moool>. "'hich;, rh~,-...",~"<:d by
,he (o<rel","d boUom of p<rsooal 1',,,,.<10,," ",,,I ,.....I"',,<;b ;~ ').
m,."",
,".I<d
''''l'
Till" cach i"di"i<1l1,,1 moiollal crea'urc foUo",. , p,,,,,,"a] dim " i"u
",hid, ;, <1c'~nllill,,1 by it> ""'" fTcc ~e,i oll , III ,hi. eOl''-'': 'ho,,~4,.
God i, regardl a' ,mall), impanial It ;, ,;guif"""" lb." Origeo',
of "he p"i"eo.-""";on 0" ' hi' 'I " e,,;ol\ ;. so ""'ng Ih :" he
cipl" of impa"i;,\i,y' of God. 'n,c nQtw" ,u8g>"t~d i, ,ha, Cod hy
110 mea", i,,'crfcT'>:' ",i,h crea,urel-,- frec,]"",:
'I""'"
All ,I.,.,." '~""n ,,, ,)'" ''e'Y k--:... " Gorl ''' I'''n ..... h)' the POW" of hi,
"iO<Jo,,, . ,Id di";"g,,;,h<> by tho oon,roIli"s h.,1d Qf hi, jud""".. ,,,,
. 00 ,)ou. I., b.. arr.o~,,1 tlto
111< pri''''ipk of the ""'"
inq,,,,,la) ,,-,rit.,tiot, ""'1'"";'''0 "-,rit.""",,,
'fuJ""ujo\, ",'rool_
'''~ .. . .oh
,b.,,'<> IOr I..
I., ",,,,,,,d or c,,,,,,1 r",.
IIc,, ;" i. di,play! i" i,. ''''''I'k ... ,,,,,. 'h< I'ri,,<ip\< of imp..ni>bt~'.
"'I",,, ,1 ... ;""'I".)i')' of ci"uo'''. n.-"" I'''''''''''' a" "'1".li,) of ,...",. ,-d
"'"'''ro< "',
0""
""ri, '"
W"'"''''
.. .--.I...., I,
><II'!, li3,
.'\.'\\"
to K"""
a, 19
:!(I,
11.,
.""h
'e"",.
It"'"
C,"",nl; '"
'"1'1"'" ,ha, all ,h ... d",~ , ..... 00< I"".forn ...d by
"",,;"'n, Cor <ha,lC<. ""'" I"""",,, .h, a"S-i> ,..,,.,, ".'" ....tly <.....t.J ro,
.'1"'.n".."
H~oce
-G ... I ,I"", nO' on"r p."",ibili,;e; '0 "'DO" l"--ing;. "" thol' ' hey
"",nn';' S;'", "0' doe. h. offec p...,,;I,j i;ties '0 o,h"r< "" 'h,,' ,hty
<"cl) <JO J( W.>d dt...
G"d, fordtlOl>k<.Ig< in no "'"Y " Ik<," <n;atLlrely frecti"", ." F"r "hb""gI, i, DO")' ... om '''''''ge'. ocmITC{lCC'
1"'f>P'" 'U01 btta";,, 'hey art f,,"'knowo, b," the-.,. ba,,, l:>teo ~!rt:_
Iwo,,o j u", I>e<au,< ,he.,. wcr< going to hapl>c1\""' ,\ccortiingil io
",,,.~ it ;; "al,..! : So ., "' "r~'o <>or r boic<' c;, j,,r 10 h"." 0' 001 to
I;"",, . a. if God h.d "0 ro,,kllol>lcdgc ., ,,11: ."d O,l< f".."~",, of
,,;11 is lI,i' h ~c Ic,. if G",t ha< ~"<.II"wkdg~ nor """~ if G(~l I""
"0 furdUlo.,.-I'.tgc.~" Thi, I>oi", i, giH1\ partic,,!:.r cTllph,.,i, i, uu:
-d,...
Iti>tc.
III . ~..'>.
.o...J"" 11 .
3,
M ~....
PG 13.712.
323
c.I.<" ,hinl,
,Ju,
,.,'''<
"'<.
f"'""",
g''''"
oc<"",.
.bo,,,
~'!,~'Jllc r"
",cau> i, he who
h... fo"'kn()"'k~lge 'he tau"" of "'ha, h... I"en fortk'''''''n'',' ' a nd
In
Do
.. Thi.
j,. ,toic
VI!, It 2t)
" ..-;:,.,. 3, PG 12.
.. '"",",,01
" 1>;<,
of
~'i
cr. _ _ , "",boo
I.
12:~:
er
I, l.
'''P'"' "nl!
01 .. ocorivn
'"
rd~,e< 1
di\' i ll~
t h~1I
fKC'''''''.
I'sKlcutl.,.. the 1\ct moan< to ",bin (h~ GlI(" ' ic ,;cv,' of-ooul, bcillg
ofa <~n"iJl Hxed ""''''re', ",hieh aooli!l'e' no. only r"",do", bin abo
I>CNO"al " .. p"",;!,il; L) . ;'\"lncruo' are Ih,' puin", "he,..' 'he G "OS'K:s
a", ",b"kcd for leach ing ,h., ' ,h,,,, a,.. din"",,,t ""OIl",. of ",,,10
aud """ tho)" h..'< l>CCll ro'I>, i""e<1 by dilferc rl1 orcalO"t," '""1"""'_
ins 1h. argtu"elll , ha, 'each of 'he m,,,,be,,, e'Yn" 10 hanollr"ble or
le" oono" .. bl" d",j.,. "fthe 1.011)" hy afk,ing ""me ground, for ,hi,
from , hem,...I" .. ': h ;, ;"do ...<l nor \,';lI>OU ' .n) eau"" lh~' ','aeh
"nc ha, ixC Ol <kkWHCd 'Q b" ~ hQ n Q"f""d!>le QC Ic" h'",,,,,,.bk
",cmb",.' of ,b" hod.,. of Christ," Thcn:f.",:, if G",i ,li'I><""" thing.
iu ,hi> way io the pre>eot "8", he ",.ill aI", <k> so ib rn" futu .., a.
be ;0 ["'" d~1 on ,he 1''''1 ageS' H., d"pe!l...,J 'hitlg; '0' a ,;nojl.,
" 'ay ," re,!"'C1 10 all rati01,~1 ("". n" ..,,',"
""<1
,h." "
,,,,,
b""'g
" ftl"" 5 7----0>0","<"," '!I .,,, Lul,. '2. 6;ft.,j.... ~ l :t----< "",""nu"!! ,.. \, "'" I0,
~ ("
''',. .. "" f~" ~ R _, 9.2,16~ .,. ~'" 9 . 3 _~.
n
~.
I .... dJ.
325
..,."oone ~'hO, i><c>"", of hi, 'l!'00>~""" d .!"" .... <11 .... )- rn' dip\><OY
,<d, " iU .tip '''-'''''' ,-", h< ,..ho kn",,~
in ",1'-",,"0 i, ",,, 'h'
,h.
I'h.p. ,lti. I""""ge , houJd l><: ,,,,",,,d wioh "'me "~ lI li,)u "nd CCT'
uil,l)" a (<lrM/ , hould be u" ""tucc.t: ,he l'a<S.~gc ,I"", no, suggest io
a <.,h,, a"b,.,d ma""Cf ,ha' hu man act;un is hu' cha;" of
caU,aI;,-. "Cl>. To '''~ i, ,hi. ,,-ar ,,'oold he a .irnph,,;'- and ' ricky
""';0" imp"gniug obe ",,,I imJK>r1 of CTc.,urly freedom a" d it> I"'"
';hili,ics. ,\"yw.)" dIU tc..' is "" <x' ,"e' of ,Ioe 11fiIol;", don ", ot
co",e dir~ctl)' fro", Ori!:,," Itj,,,,df. What ,,'e , hould keep from , hi.
P">",,!:e is 11... ,,,,,ions of ,'"""',, ....1)" f",,'<lom a",1 of ,,"10,,,1 c~ u ""Ii').
TIo Il . O rigeo "1I0"~ fi" " ,"" " ",1 o.",.li,)'. Ik al"o con,'<<'1<> ,IL"
action' ma)" foUo.,." ca""oJj,)" O{,hi> >or1 know" to G"d in .,j,-;mcc.
H,' <o,ofu"'''ahl)" gNJ'"' ,I" " bum''', beu,!!, ,,,', suhje.:! !o ,Ius
eau~, l
il )', i" ' he ..me ,,~) 11"" oil"" lil- ing bo:ing> ""'. Fo< <x.mpl", i, i.
no' wit bin th~ P''''-~' of d","'~ ' 0 1>< ' ''hjt '0 a e<"a io <xt<n>,,1
impr""ion, which gi\-,,' risc to
image of
"'r1 or ",,,,,Ioor."
OrigoTl hold, , h.. i" go" "r.>J <xl<maJ u.~'m,.f ro,,,,,,,, do nO' ~e ,,;,hiu
'he "",,'~r uf "",n', choice,- h , ' io'le wom., thi' l b,,1 of causality
"'e,,''> thi" a man i. f'"" "" ",gard, hi, cooi of rno",1 ~c' iu'" "ill
h" i, a part of ,h" ruttm.l ",alit)", a Old 1h". " ,bje.:t 10 the phy>ical
lall-' of u'''",''. If he ;, OH ' he fofth lloor of a buildi"8 a"d jun' p"
"''' of the ".",,1011, he ,,'iU fall do,,'" "",I bo: "'"",'ded or kiUed. Hi>
hedo", doeo "'" eh'ail 'hn' he i,; 'fr"" no, to bt .ubj "'" 1<, the I~,,"
of gr-~"i'y. T h", OriS"" rd"I"> n01 0,,1)" '0 110, I"""ibibli., of h,una"
freedom , 10", 0100 ' 0 "h., 'i, 0,,1 "ithin OlJr <h,,;o< '"'~ ' ~ ~iv .,"
To be a oa'm,,1 <xi"<1Ice cut"iJ. '0 be ,ubjcc' to ,Ioe ",a,umJ I"""
of tit .. ex;"coe.. It i,; ";gnifoc.lm 'hat ,uhj<crion '0 ohe ,,",ura l la,,-.
applies c"'" '0 ,10,' h,una"' t)" of Je"""
.0
,,It.
~ ~, UI.I.3.
,''''', 111.1.3.
" .--.11..-, 1., 8_ ahoo, ,00.. ob, ... ~;, . .no .
c ,. 3.
"ll .~,ItooJ"", 20: lMI, 17, Iflilw. 21,',21,1-1,2\ 11.
1'G . 12_G~
""",
h ".'"
''I'"''
T he
--
iJl <,...~p',bl,
th roug h
,h.
A"o, ~
u"ti(~l
of
"",,,raJ
na'nr~1
CH L",ali'y.
lJ"d of
,,ill ,
,\"" if
bu, it ;, <;<Nui,,
g<'" 'hat ;t ,,,igh, Ix- ' h.tJ<rc:n' ,"><. '" V.o' ,1 .. t ,hi, i, tn,.. . W Iw.,
,. "..., cOOHing<ot i, "'," r;",\ "'")' 1., f.bc: comi ng<",,! " Ppbe. onJ)
to "I"" " coou"I!''" OD oc<urri,og ., ,,1 i, ;, ]"""; 1>1<- fO<"
10
,Iunk ,L., ""ruin d,utg< mal O!" '''.~ ,"" ocour." . . . .,." G",,1om of
"ill ;, in "0 ~~l >l~ bl- tk bc,
God kno..-, "h., i, go;"g
'0 be 00'''' b)' ""'"I"ne.'"
""l"""
,Iu,
T h;. cau..Jily ",uso , d.,.;"g ~ n ae"" ",,<I <I"". ,"" """,I 1Jiy...J the
t..... <!om of r~ l ;o,,~l he;ng<.
on I".,.,ih;);ti e , for fn:. 4<l;On ~ ....
op"t! .
",I<'
-n-
f.",_
M
01' "'" i>o<I). , .. od Ix-yond anl "'..... 01' <"'-" ono.! "' ~ . ...
,;t,;loy. It ;, "'" ~ of ID< I.ouol). ~_ " ..; ~-h",h (Irig<" .,.n, 'i,"''''_'
(10100 , ,/.. ' ~. fw><tion> bo)_ <'<Iti<>J ju<\o:<'"'""" Cd..
~9, "'" ~I-. .,,)
_~,,_ ; <irttiI.,. i" ~ 1. XVU, 20, XX II; . loo "'-. lU. 1.18:
~ Cd.. 1 1.~1: ,]", ,",;", ... """ 6 in f",' "" .. """ to l AA~""_
M,
l,
<iL It h.. be<"
,h., ,,,," ~ "S w .. ",od COO"'~'" doe>
_ """"" the G, ~ phi\o->u!)htr C( It. "",",~. G"",~ ...1 11..,'". p. HI. I
d-ulI .... ,u..-.... 11';' , ....- elf ....., H ;, ..,,,,,,1 mr """f'<. I onIj' "" ,]........
~nguW- ",od row.,p., .... i"v,>, Orig.-n. In r..,
i. ,.,. of .I.. ....m ro<'
n.
re..
"",,'oo
,hi,
1"''''''''''
"",,"<ion, 01' lid ~ t Th.i. ;, ~hy. ~>l N"<ot"rt i, oJm.-.. d "' it>
m.00n '" God; ,].. ;, at..> why GI ;.
om"",,""'" of onl ""'lingo-m ""
01'...,. ~ .. rioruol . ",.tu",.
~ , ."""" 3. """ tItQ,. \ ' 1. I.
ob"'" ...
,Ad
"ITIIl ''"'-\I ..
-,gt '981
..
, ~~. ""IF! ..
' 1".1 'AI 'I':) ~
..,..,.."', '"'f":"
~
"'LL
""""'11'"
'''I'
.~
1""0" '" JO 1(1." J'l' JO "!"4' OIl' PlO O",,>q " rlm" a'I' JO ."'''-" .~~,
"'l' " .....,0.>.><, II"J "'l ' ~'''o "01 .!\ot<'\l'''''~ .II~J""""."'" ",!~J
1'1""'_" '!'l' '~4'
.I~.' '4' ,~ ~1<j~oo!",nl"lIl '" ' ! ' !'lL ",'1<10 I"'U
JO 11"" '4' ~""'J ""~" I'"" 1'].1"-" "IOIP' ~'II JO ....,"'d p"P. t1 " ....,,~'W
"'I' '" ",n,"p ~ " '(" 1"".' "'lL " "'" 1~'ll W "'"Id ""~, -'J'I JO
'~""J ,nOli e., " {I "' ':U r"~:U' I~uu",,", J'> ]l",,,->l!""H~>J pto . IU">'"
.~pnr '~'I' 1>IJ""1' " .,,~ lO<"'~J '(''P : I~'o." "I' JO ."""~J~"'''~ .lOl'
IJ.MU ,,,lJlIe' .,-,,1' 10.-1 '~ !>q 1''''''!w,.J J'> '''''I'''''J ~4' l'uo_(><I .(""
''''"!'\ '! 4"!4-" "'!I""'~O
p. ""'!""''' <I"'U"'I' ""41 IIV
':>l!pnr 0, PO!) "oJ " 'p>MJ<l
,,""" ""I 11 '," ~,a""1 ,ello!)CJ ~ 'P"I ," 01 '~J\I J" ~ "CJ ~41 \I'IIJl10,1
'''<)'(HP .(p"' ,""'J l)IIo.{;,o:, OSI~ ...
' ~'! ' , ~,~. ~41 '" ~.mld ""1"' ",.>ul.:!l'"f ~ w4' '''1 ~41 'II"! 'IJ.
'1'1''''' "'111" .JI\OO ~'II "! 111'''"1' 'l'I~",,!I""h'JIl II~ '! "",p. IJ~ j O
""J '.
,,,,,,,11,,.
II!'" "0""' '''I'./' ' pu~ ~4' ''''LI\ ""'1~ ~l!O'P '.1"-':)
~l" ...u l\lXI il.! J" m.l""",, .{,.~, "4' 1.-'.( 'u"'" Q~.J<> I'u,
"1' '(~['I' --'0 ~I~"P"'~ .",,'" ''''-'!''. I'''''''' ' . 'UJOj>=JJ ' !4' .,,,,~~
,uol';>.)'J .i.r~J(""'-"~ JO roJl " o;' ~4 ' '>p" (I '0" "," 4'14'"
J"'Xl '1\~1I"" 'J~ "'~'I' " .\ "',"'!,,U"'~" >"'OJ'''I ' ! '" Lt.'~ ~'II ",,-,.'
u'>'I" ,,!I~J!j!l0dJ'-' 1'.>.>0 ' " ! <! 'P!'I" 'PI")'"
'>'1' M. ~!" '"""
'""!",,, ,,,,,,,no> "I' l!Ll!,OP '~"Id '~lm '''~'''~)''r ' !'I' "':I ' ''(~P.
'~-'J J'> ' I'''''' ~ ' ! ",,"" II !" H""' ~pnr '[>!'I" le ,""UOII' ~'l.l.
... "nl .~D IU""!'''' JO U,OP""'j ' '11 p..wq 1''''''' 01 '.",.odd"
'\"I",ncJ '''It, 'w aw ,,jipnf ~ ,.li"""P ';[-J'u~u ',,<>-,~ u~ 1" pn,' a'll
)C l" "'IC;lJ ' ! 4~'4." . iI 'I"'n~J J" I"" ~ --""IIO"~ <! "''''11 '''''''110' "11
pU<)''"''1 '!
01 '~""l""
J",>O
.",,:>. 1
'''!'U'
iiylt>Vl> {'1t1"'1"'::J
'"
.\.IJ,.....
w~
,, ~~ '.",~
'"
th ing> of ,he "orld iD the "I'propri",o L:airoi " " d h~ .1""" kll OW'
'<",...
H" (11131 is, ' he "'nl< of lif~ .11 ,,-h id, I h~'y are pb..:;ed' ;, ,h~ 1fo'1.
"ne will of rn,ionru cnoaturt. i. entin:ly free 10 .'" ,h",ug a n "e<>ll
'0 "
aud to come
di~lectica l n-1.tKl1l ,,-;, 11 'he ,,;U of G,~l. What
can DO' I.. ~""1"" 1 is ,ha, 'hi' ,,-iU j, j"dg~d according 1<) nod'.
impa"ia) ';gh'CDU ...",, LH<!",e. ' he "'I)"
of ju,ig<m<:"<. "hbou~h
,I",
f"",
"" eternal law' (v",,"" "i.""""' I" au,l. therd'"",. 'hi' i, a fu nd.,,,,,,,
",I "kme'" in 'he ,-m;", " .. "0o",, of rn-~tio" .
'l1,i, ca"",l;,), ;<>clf 1''<''''1'1''''''' ,h, '-' ;>lc"ce "f ';mo, ,i""o no
,d;"~,,, l>etwcen rm<J.t I"" ",,,,,ctwlIg brp..l a,~1 rffir' .. ",me,hillg
'lflnl coul,1 "lake ""me ill 'he al&""" of ,;me. Tbe ""tire world i,
,""'por~1 ~nd i, ill ""I)" " 'i,hi ,, time ~'a, .-",a",,,,ly hedom ca" mak.
"",..,.... For f......,OOm 1"'''''1'''''''''' 'h,' 1'0..,ibiJi,)' of (a1 leas,) " ,hkmma.
"f ,dle,,';o", "pon i', uf
and d",;"". AU ,he,, f"'ohie, ca"
make >,,,,,.. O1,J)" ~, "'''''''''"' ill ,ime. Fo, " rA,;ooal "",.n,,,, fir"
f""". " mul,;,ude of po.. ibili,;",. tIuIi ro"",le'" ,hem. tIuIi form. hi.
"'W ,,,,01 INn "",k"" his choi<-~. 11, u. , j, ~ ,\0000, of fJO'5ihi1it)' of a choice
m"k~, ",'"I' "" I)' ~. being brjm ' he <hoic, i,,,,lf" TI, i, i, he """"
ill "hi<-h <"",,,, ", uol c~" ..l i' ) 1~'"~i n' l" '\hr "" tin- Mion~1 c", ..ion'."
&""i""
HoItli rtg 'hj, co"c-q>lio" of ,jm" arid mo,;on. Origcn goc. ahead ,,'i,1t
,h"lol';rlg I... no,ion of ~,,,,,",i;ICU' ""u'<:,. 'nu" i. I''''ci.d), what
u ",k'L,,~. ~"" ,..;,,",,';:,1 c"w"Ij,). a. "... 11 ". hi. CO'''letio" ,,1,00 '
'v.
" CtIt,
&:I, ab<> CtIt, 1'. l~,
i'ra<, L11.!. Cf i'ra<, 11 11.10.
to
of co_
''''''o,.:!..., ""'"
"'" "J"
'," ..
u .J .ffm M,,!!
haf~
.. et
",
""0011',
,."rio,,,
1''''''
aeon. ,\, ,be ""ne ,imc. 'he 'mO'-C",,,nt' ,h~, ;. moral ""oon ", ._
Olg plate dllring ,Iu, ~..oo\ is .he ""'" tor 'he ...... nge"""H in !h"
""un '" cum~.
'lbc <o",wnity of';"'c ~U()"~ for ,h;" ""';011 10 Ill~kc ><,1><. Haidc"
(lie <Onli",,,,," of tim~ is m" alf"",,,d h)' ' he OCCurtent< of ",arrang<.~
m'''' of ,,,,ional crca,u~ in ,h. ,-.ri", .. mul> of liR,.
>fIat
mome", Ih.. mom ..... of judge own I is n-!r~r<k.,j '" h",';og no ,Iu","~oo ., .11. 'nu, lh<re i, "" 'break' of 'he "<lIl,i",,,,,ion "f
a'
'he "'OUlen' whon " rc~rr.""''''Ill< n l of T.tio n~1 heing> in th e ra nh
of life ,ak", place. In ,hi , ''''I'''''. ' he ,aying ahou.
,,",rra"g<.~
m,nt '.~;"g plaee '; t> ,I,, ''''i"kb''g of"n '1"rlj<!' is particularly "",i,,1
w O ' ;g"". He''''". ,I,, exi>,..",w "aw, of ra,iou.1 b,,~~ lluriug ~Us
,,<'on i, ,he ",od! ,,f P"'-<'Xi"C'H (." .... Again, .crip,,,,.1 all,llo,i,) "
""'~I" li" ,hi> "ot~)(l to be I0'Ll u,kd:
';1'''"
,ilt",
,hi.
It [0/I0I0'<' I ,hi,LI<. th." "0 "'u" also i,"tu'rc "'h." "re the ca,,,,,, "hk:h
1<",1 the .......1 of "'an '0 be i"/l,,,,,,,",,! at "''' ,i",.. by I'0od "pi';" ant'
. , .." .... he, ,ime I b.,,1. I ""1>' ,I"" i, ;., du< 'u ,'<nail, 0"''''' "lud,
..... okh ,~..", JI .. " ,"or b;"h i" oh .. boo~' ... Jobu i",tic"",1 by hi.
I<.;";,'I! '''~ l rcjoicing in hi,
wo",b ~ I "h ,he "00 of .\1>>)',
",,"tahon """" ...1 in <I .. . ,". of hi, ....,.}"" PJi,.a!oeth, . "d .. ;, docl.tr<!d
by ,I>< 1""'1'10., Jw,no;AlI
,,,,.fon: he "'''' f""".. d ", hi. ".00"" .
bc U )'~"" ~"""''' b).' Gu<I.nd 'W"", b. cano, fUrlb from tbe "umb'
,,,,,,he""
"'IQ.
,,"" .."octiIooo t.,. hiu\. .,.1 ,,loa. ) '" 10<' "",emJ oh< gift of propl..,,)"."
On.h<" ",10,.,. h.nd, it ;' de.rl) p",,-.d t1o ... ~ , me p<Ot,\e .... """"""d
righ' "on' tI..,;, ea,,"," )""". "'"' i, no oor" "'itb .n '1c>"'I"''')-'
ing <k",,,,, . ..-hil< "', .. '" ...... <kd"",l by ,I><
of foi"oo"" '0
1>" w~Ie,
fn.m Io< louocI .0,,1 ",her> ,till
I,,,,' f"m ' ~ .. i, "..-li"", )'''''''
iD,"'"I, L) d,,,,,,,, ",lo"m oh,,)"
,..nn
i . " .pint <.>f '-e,,' til"'l~i 'on .
hI ,10< ~>CC of "0<>< .. ao, pl.... ,I....., '''00 m,;n",;n ,b., ,","1 hu'~
io thi, ",u,Id",
b) 11", I""';,koc< ofGo,I,. doctruoe "hKh
h;,,-.
,,,,,"m"'r
I!'''''''''''
.. J"" ,.
~--6 .
.. .\0 ... ,6, 16.
.. ,J,o p,tI of ""' f:,;,h. """ Mi" ,..., """'''','' " ...."" ,,, me, "lUo;h
",ill I"'''''' m"u 1"'"'"",,"0< to b.. f.... < f""" all ~"";o('" of i'~''''K<";
<>"1" '" "'Y ,fc" tlo< .... "'w= ","""i" I""""";""" c~'''''' "'hieh 11
th= ...w., I><t,,,,, the) "'.. '" bo", ink, th< budy, ' 0 con"",,' "",n,
drgr<'1' of~' in
"'u~li,,, or ,ulOoo".. 1 tl.""~' ;D CO""'4""''''''
of ",hi<;h m,in" V"" i<lence le" judg<-d 'horn """hy of e"du,;"g ,hese
",1I<o,;nl5', t'o' ,J", .... u ""-.Y' I....... ""'" f"", "'ill, I>oth ""I>c" in ,he
body ami ~'h<n
of th< 00t1j~' ~'l(1 0110 ",.;0', f"""\om a1",.y' mu'-
iI, ,he dim.:tio!, <itl><, of p;oo<! 0< ,,'il, "ur coo ~'" r~I"",.1
011"
... "". Dun,1 or >ul " .." ..," ";,10",,, 00,,"" n"'.-nnn,' <i,h", good
0< .,il . It;' p<ob; l>Ie the" ,h ... ",("~""n,, r"".,;,h ~~,",>{i, (0, _n,
I><f"", 0", IOOtU, ,I" 'DpJliJlS in ,) .. ",-orl<I, "" ,ha, in ac",,,,","c<
wiol1 , .... b ,'au,",' ur mib ~"'Y are ord.uu,1 ~. 1he ' " "ine pr",ide"c<
ngl" r",," ,)",,, I'; "lo. )'eo. .,., ,~..,,, bd",,' it, ir I ""Y '" 'I",.k, '"
"",Iu,-,. co",~ti",,, .;oI1n I!""I 0' ,,iJ.'"
,00,
u,,'
"'tl"',
"'-C',
I" ' he .. 'ne co""'x', i, is ' 1a"'d ,h~ L h) rea"", "f hi, men" It> """""
prc,;" ,,, hr~ Jacul.> harl .r><""d ,,, be 1","<:<1 1." (',,><1 '0 .uch au
~"<t"
to 1>< won),)" ofheing prcfcn"t:<i to I';" hro,),er." T here ar~
" Ider c,..,,'" '" "cC""'" t"r the ',-.",,1 "I' bono",' aDd the '".,...,1 of
dishoo",,,r': so [he ol,ier "' "''' "I" larob ,,-a, ll",.a ~"rl E..." ha'ed
I;" ",;,10 J><"h b<'f"", he ca"" in,,, \I", !><>d) ~nd ,,';,h Eo:,,, t",f",~
h ~ " " c.a Ikbeec.', ",,,m b . ,,. lI .u,-"
""
""1<"''"'"' '
"M"n:,,'
for
C""'"'"
I"";';"" of ,.."-;.-~;,, 1"'1"'.... <1 i>y 01..C",",O' fo' ,h 0'''' l" 1''''I),,,,joo ' 0 ' he desrr< of bi. onc';" ""loi<h
""]",,,,1, on Lb. flOC' 11 ... , ">oh. ill 1.""'1( c"" 1",1 1') God a, ",j nd or
c.. tio!,aj ",i";" b.. I"''''''WJ) g:lln",1 f", rum"'lf. in a,cQ"u.JlC" "iol1
,he ,""'~m'h" of 10;" ,,,hod ""d ,10, dl>poo""'n of ru. I.. "", "S""'"
0.- 1<>, ,fc,,~ of ,,,,,";', .,,,1 10 ...... ,,,1<""1 hin,,,,lf \o..-.I>k or ;t ""'Y be
b.,cfuJ to God, '"
~ Tb, i, _
~ """rpoI3tion "Rufon", ~'1IOch _<11)' "''''' " ..~ pi.~
", ... n in ,Le d;~onX.n ufOrig<n', ~t; ~;, .. ~, one n..... p'Wfm.. , R........
lo. k.i doe w.,k"""od;,,!! of """')
I f """" '" ,J", """*'sI. ~ fim Jy held
tit", ........ ~ """, _ ";thoo, 'bod)' Thi, _ .. ;, ;" ""'~ ~'ith M
f"""pbon " . r,WnaI I><"~ ." in"p,mblt ,nOty. <1< ..... ' doe ",<",,,,";0} oh,.
UD<tion ""~"n ;"""'1""''' .,'" ""1'''''..1 d,,,..,,,- ,\, oru..,.,;", doe """,,,,"..n,
><W""lUj' I-... "';""""I""b<udOO 0"&",,, u.:...J . H C"", .. I <><oI!' """" u)' ...Md
ru. olde, ,;",..
~ i _ bOO;' and ~, ,10, , "wn"" ,;.,... of u-ng..
)~, no<
",,;.r"""l <XmM. 11 . c.-u.u..1, ".\lun .. on""","",,".don Ori#",,-,
<""..
.>. "owl
.. '"",,
UI.~,!>.
',""" U.9.7.
331
Th" condu';()Il ,I"" epit<>miL", the coucq>tio n <J; <>i "~,,,ial cau>,lily
,."u; (ltu"
E.d, !.<;,'!<. "' I"'~"T of h.,m, Of """I. Of' I"""'" "'" ,,,,,"[L. "'") I.
",;,t '0 1"_ ..i,hin him..lf the co" ... . ,f
a",_<kOt to hi,
bil'th en 11", w.1y. F,.,. ..u uwtg'> ,,~'"
b)' UI< I~>goo of (;,.1
,,,d "<re"'" in O<'<kT l brou~h (/1< "I"'~.lio!, ofhi, rigIt'OOll""'" 01,,1
in b;" !!,".lCioto> oomp'..,;oo I", p""ide, lol' ..u .nd exhon:. aD 10 b<
rUf,,1 I') ",h.t.,... """,,lie! lhe)" "") . .nd
,I .. n. fO .. Io-a tion.'"
""""'(Y
m:."""
"oci,,",
ca",ality \In,~,,Ii,,,,. ,h" ..,l>,,,,,"i"1 ""'I,le""" of the "con, i",o
Tlti,
(h" con, innou, ",,"n~on of'imL " al>o (Jlldedi" th at al'hQllgh in
principlc tilllc i. percei,-c,1 a. all <Ic,u.,,,, in (he make-up of th e
world. and th"",R>", a MhmJ " I"m<nt. tbi. i> .00 ,Ittpl)' ;,,,,,I,-ed
;,t mt,,#'.uai oon,ide",,;(>Jt,. since (Ici. i, ,he ".,,,,., "he,,' (I ... rli\'ine
" 'ill along wilh 'he m;a""dr on.- i, ",,,Ii.c,L Th"., (he nO(iQll' <>f
I) coutill " it}" of time, 2 '1.-.:niC"di" dj",olltim,i(y of "1",oc a'MJ 3 ,mi
""ut)" of !latul'< of rntional c",a'ure. ~1I pla)" a ';~'UrlCall( rol< iu
(h. C_"I'''''ilion of (hc concqnioD of th,' c.. u~~li'r ""d it> dcq>Cr
,;grutic~"
.....
T h",,' ar~ ",no", I'~."-"" for O rigc " 10 . 1""" fvl' (h;" ca"",~()" in
time . 1 10",,, al",ad)' lll<1lt ioocd tll< 6"'t "'''-'O'l; uamdy. that i" tllL'
way frtt ""riOll beeo,,,,,, "'''mingtiJ. ,ince il ;, "';"nted ",,,,,rn, a
goal. The oc<:ond ",;w>u i. to tall .ttcmio" 10 Co<j", 'imI'Mtiali'J~' "
"",I ng blw,,,,,e.."K ; ,, n:sJ~"1 of c... awn ly
-do,," . ' Il,c dUnI reai, On!!,,"', ~i", to ,~t.bli,h ~ Cion";., ,, """ cq)! i"n "ftin,.. cO"
tra>l.d to all Cred; and Cn",tic "",an" ofthm~ht .
llou,. as repnl' the Im" "CO". thi' c,,,,,,,]it)" "p/mI<, tht
.xi",",;aI ,Ia'u' of '"IK,,,al l>eu.g . >0 11"" God'. ;"'J"ni:o]j,) ,,,,d
,;g],,"01"""', """"''' uttq",,tion",l. Regardi"g t b~ "ex, :,(,m. fre.
action i, orientcd to a 1(",,1 ~"d
r",cOO", i,
a"ing'
f,,1 byexl",c,atio" and hope. Tit"", ;" a future cnd "'h",h a11ri\>o"",
'lcq>cr ,,,caning 10 freedom ,nd. tberefort, ,,) timc. 'l1u, i< "' h)'
tcm" like prop/!-.y. pro.tIiM. Mpt. "PlI1IUJ ,foijiJ/m"'l ,,,,11.:..'''''' are
",..d. If the .... "'-n' no oncntation to".rds (he r,,(ure and no h"P'".
,he" rrelom sI>o,dd I~ ahsoJooci) me"";,'g1<". S"br;..'I',",,~). I,,,,.
c..,,,ld I""" it, fu ndAn", " tal signifICance; i( "",,uld jll,( be a r~""ral
f",..
...,n
1'''''''''
,h",
""d<-,,,d ",..
11.9.1 .
.., I ... , 11.9.8 .
.., P, . . ,
'"
dcm~nt
'0
promj,,'; "'oral .cOOn , 'a"i<tu,. i",,, ,";'''aL,y. Thi, ,",'", ,10,' d"'1",r
",coning of ~1 "t'Cu; :\"",~",' fru,tc.'i"" .
h i, ,,01' of ,hi, L'onccp,ion of li m" ilia. in<l@:cmcnt i. "'gafdcd .,
,,"k:tiroll'''' in ,,hicb prom;"" CXpCttlHjon au<1 hopc arc fiMulcd. Yet
i, ;. "n' of God" goodl>C'<' .1"" tI,;, j udgeD"'''' i> 1J(~ 'he final "nc.
Ilor i. eo""umlla""" the ahsol,"e end of'he ,,orld. Crca"".,:ly
dom , .",""'llotion of '''' " 1,;,,,"lC "'al;'~lion of hOlk" , as "'~II as It..
belief in God', 8""d " .... load 10 a cU'>C"I)tion of tim< c<>mI'Ti';llS
,uccccwug "CO"" 'Co"' UlIllllatioll' amI jU'igcmcn', an: ti~c(I I.)"'"
in ,,'loch "",,.ality i> o"C:'l iud. )k';d< .. the """,mua,;OI1 of rim" t\trough
th ."" fix ..1 poi",. ba, the m"ani"g of gi';ns 10 ralional b"ulg. oue
"'0'" d'~ 'lCe IUf jmpro,'eme01 ~nd "",,"'lion. iD ~\is " " ) "i",ljcal _
f,,,,
T hu; ti"" is DOt , impl)" a" ckm"'" of Ihe oa""al \,-(lrld, he i, >0< "
or W" seeD', It ;. the "~Ien>ioo ,,'he'" fr.,.,dom is reali1."", In COn
tr<.,,, to ,he ,.,,")" Swics " 'ho did""" ",I."" Ihe que" 'o,, of lime to
mO"dlit), Ib,,, consi<lc",d i, a. ,impl)' " ,~""ral p..wlem, in Origen
th " corre lati o" i, pbin . lu Iwml.uc. the pOrTiou b ,ke 1, 80 ;, COm_
" ",,, tClI "n Ihus:
"".'""11'
me""
i,
_<I...
13, Xl.\'lll c
... "-1"" I t.
~ , ~h"
,,'diru'n'~'"
1i, 9',
_<I"" n ,
9, ~
-'fi;"" 1_>':I;.--JMo,
333
,Ju"
,be"
,be
~' illing
,li""J~ '"
b","""'"
~hm.
7. 9 11 :
~"f1h k ,,!
!I,'ca"", em'
<hoo~~
,h,,)" rot
""'"J fi-<dy, they ",J] h><J 'io< c~ .nr->l~h ') of hu,,"'" mu,d. I, ;,. Mly
the s.,., or rood "loo i, u""b.ng<abl<- both ' 0 I';'
. od loo""",,
<"'"''
"",,,,,....
I" r.", 'i' ;, <m lr n"i,, ",!. ,,' h;ch do ,,'" ch;wgc fro", a lo"u !!"".
der '0 " TUore nohle on. or ,"ite ,'efM, bu" '" f",. '" m"to an; tOn
",ou,d. ;, ;s 0]"",,)" possibl,' '0 "'" pcople ci,h .. , jD" 0' ,~'il; or 10
...., ,10"", n;ach i"g
out of ..."il or 'l,,;ni"g ;",prOI'< mc,,, '0""".1.
,;"ue ,,,d r"lliug i",,) c.;l:'" For ' n<nhi"l!" io pcml3De,,' ;n hum an
,",",re." " Accordi"gl)', "hcn Orlg,,, ;n1<'prcl> d,e meani ng of an';
.. ' I><gi"oins' of the eX,"' ''io" of ,in,e, he rdate, t!u, '0 fbo'''Itleflt,
1",..." i' ;'18 ,Iu, mo'"m"", as mo<al ~ctio,,]" Ce",,;nl) ' he S,o;cs
hdd thal mQ~,1 actio" .. of ",mo" , ';g>,;f"",,, ,,,.'" ~bn;".. A"r<1;,,,.
;n
' he early Sto ic., com::b,c; mo",lj,~ '0 ,i" ", con, ;JCT'
ing ,ime i"df a, a mornl qu."ion. I, ,h"..., 'hen ~
of .. Wm;,y
b<t ....-e.u Qrigco a nd S,o;c.;,m?
Th~ '''''',:er ;. " 0. 1'0' 'he ,,'a)' ;n " 'h;ch Ma]'cu, ,<"late' ciD" '0
m,,~, I ;'r i. 'O,,,U) dift<cre,u ' " ,he war Qrigcn dv<, it. T o ~brc" .
';m, i. the ul,i"' "1e ;mpa", a nd ;t i. re'P'",,;hlc for 'he '<h'me
,ion' of human rea .. , "'I>erially of buman " ,ond acti on. ~ I atc\" all
O'~' ~ga;" 1><"",,,;1;';' ,une. 10 ..".,'" ab"o" '" \.0. ~\~ go,.. mor of
,he l'h)~ic,~ ,,'o,ld "",l the """ .... ~ (QC ,hU"O)"~r) of ,u ...",lj'l'. I< .".,,1
lo,,~ "1' .11 ~c'ion. '" S., ,he r~Cl
~brra.
"01 ...,fa '0 ' he
earl)" S,,~'" ("do no' I... ",iuci<lc,,' aL JM . Kbl ",,~ctu rc! 'hat ,I, L'
,uigl" be c";nc;<!emal: ' till lie aci..nowlcdgc, ,h., , It;" ;. a """'ge
oo["";,k,,o I"",~,,,, Ih,' ma,,,,,,r ,n "'hieh \1 ,,,c",, . peak> or lu'"
" -ould t\Q( "'I";''''' ca sil)" "id, ,I,c,," <kfoni,jotl,'"
,-i"",
CO",,,,,, '0
"",b(
oh.,
cl"",
XL'('
1-1 1
_ I t", 10. 11.
" C.d<_ IV,
,~ ~ J~,
... ./iJrut,
"
I, XIX :
l'bJ...,n", 1"
I, "1'1.
l8&.
Uow Origt'" ",b .., 'im~ to mo .... Ii'y .'alld. ill c,,,,'ra,' '0 1he
,"aJ"'<T M~rru, d"". i" Hi, "~IlCe 'O'o'an'b time is in f"c, .hoerly
,liffe",,,, , To \ Iarc", "m" is ~,e " I,in"'" i<np"'''' To Ori,,'I.:" ,ime
i, ,I.,. mean' (hru"gh "hieh hOI ... can I.., ",~Iid. '" ..'" (i",," i, 1110\'~uu. where ra,ioual
,or;"" for their ",,,oration, ,hi. i,
....g.mlod ." d,e ",ro,,,, fnr ,1... "ali::,phoo of thio goaL uot "" a ,Lc .. ,oyn
of t h~ hum~n ,Iced" It i. de~r d,a' th e ,lcq><T pe",i",i . 011 of .\larcm
i; ,I"" to 'he inh"feb' ;"capabJi,y of Swici;m for
The
,leoi,... fo' ,>;:<kmp',"" j, cii;, ingu;,habk ;n \(.re". more ,ha" in ~,,~
other Stoic. lk>i<h, ,hi, i g<ne",1 .),np,om of
el"'d_ Origen
mC' S,oici"u ~, a ,ime "hen tlw, philosop hy dc0110D>'r.tle<1 ,ymp_
tom' of ,Iegenerm;on and imp""'" Hi, p""'''ppo,;,ion', I","""'''r.
were dill,,,,u, and.., ",.,,,, 'he a i,,,, of hi; ,hough,. This ;, why he
"' .... hk '0 etnplo), Stoic ootion'! and ye' '0 If.nMom, ,hem"'" '-lg"r"",))" .nd r.dicaUy, t1' a, ,h,,}' e'~n,,",lI)" rom,' '0 ,tand in "ark
corm".... ,
the S'oic thoug h,.
In fac" Orig"" u"" S,oic no,i on uril""ing ' 0 the", a COntent
,,,"mm;"g from hi, Ch";";~n f~ i ,h. H" '''guru Un" .. '.Il u,dj,I.--, .. ,,~I," "'ea", 'o""mt. .."lil.";"" of hOjl<': it is 10;' ool"-ir'io,, ' k "
rd,ioru,1 I><--in!!", arc cnd"",-c<l ",'h f,,-'C "' ill: h. 1,o{d, a hroa<lcr concep,ioD of the world and ,h< "'>1ion, of Camatity . n ~ -'''<\gem<nt
tl,abli, h ." inni" ' ;e meaning on ,;me. The<e a,e ",";ou. rea",,," for
bin, 00 ernp'o)' l'rulongaootl of lime, &.. a1'hougb !h<- "OIio11 ;,srlf
"""nd, ,;rnil,r '0 the Sloic onc, in
i, -""nl> from shccrly di/fer,-n ,
,""SUPI""";t;"' ,,, ~ nd ~;m,.
bi"~,,t ial ca"",lity ;" a g"... m,",,, ,IL" ',me i, "0' a ""'tm)'" of
,,,oraJ .c,io" a rld .c,i"" <1""" oot '-ani , h i",o ,ri,ia!ity. Time ,Ioc,
" 01 ,Iep"'" 0";11"". 0 " !h<- co" 'ra'y. ,>re",,, ,une. ,he '~'riod of
th i, .ro<'. i, nul en"ugh '0 him in COI"rd" to ~I arr,,; ,\u,,-!iu,
",h" d;~ '''~ "gar~ pro!'~'g",im of ,imo a, ,,~c ... ary, It ;" th. ,i,h
t" ' he good..... of eVIl 'hat ma"'-'o Orig< n '0 hold th>1 ,hen, i,
,d",,,)... ,ime ~,.i l.bl o '0 r."ional cn:~'urc >0 !ha' they .Cl fr:ly
and '"turn to Hi", b) both 10;" help'" ,,,,d 'heir he ,,,,,ion.
<"3",,,,.
",,,,,,,,,,,k,,.,,.
It"
'0
f"",
16, 167 .
." 0<,
" . ~.
335
',i"",
'0 /.,,,,
""If
The One 1>"" "...tf "",,;,le ,~. ",-'hl$ ,,,d koo., ]"ck",.r<l;, ,~. ",h..,.
P"" ;,;c)f ;"to ,I", "",,,,, .. 1 thi,,~, it><lf 'i",o' ,It< I~)"hi<- li fe vf tll<
HW' iu" "I\-c<] "u,) hQ'" thC) directed the",,,,,"-., f<,,,,ard il, ,],ough ,
.Dd " ill. Tb. ""e "",,<ern, iudf" iLi, ,Le fM1I. !h<' ooh", "' i~, [)'" 1"'-
P''"'"''
I","""
~""",."
"'_
.. H. ''''' Gromrn. 10 ,., ''''P of'" ft= .... f~,,!, ..... hi""
I"".,.,, 1953, PI'. ~ J2; . ...., PI'. "' -5, I07- H, 115--9.
,~
0" "'-.
of Om/;. 1-.,..
pp. :18---9.
"'''pe. I 0,,1,. "')' ,h"t ,uch d;"i,,,,,ioll' "",m '0 me o,,,r .. impli;tic.
'\ Iy , ubjc<' ""'''er p"wi,k; ,h~ opportulli,y ,,r pointing ou, ho,..
,b."" &";nC1imI.J (ould h",.dl)' wi,h",,,,d " ..,n",,, <ri,ie"",.
OrigclI doe, ">1abli,h
",Ii<!IiJgI,aJ <b~,"", ... ill
ill
,,~,ce.'ime . li e "I", ha, no 1"";tlI'io,, ill ",akillg abo." aid", 311d
n"tn apta! iu fact ' he laller a pp""'"' ill ' h" ,id" of ItiN, lk<pit<
,h;" howC'-'OCT, I,i. 'hough' ;,. I'M ""c<llcnc~ " If~QI ODe. CD, in::ly
preoccll pie<l ,dlh 'he fltrm, nO' 'dlh 'he 1""'. Tbe ''''Y "01;on or
c3u,~li') """, hh.h,d in hi' cOII""!"io" of ,ime co""i"",.. " pcrception of th~ 's<hi~ol pr ....." ill a m""ll er ""'krocorillg c,,,a,urdy
frdolll. 'nu. he c~u ,hin" both ,"""uly ~lId I<k aJly.
To ""ho[;,,.. ,ueh '" 1\0"''''' "",i "an GfUlI;gtn. thio a/linow;Otl
would ott'" cornrodi<1o'Y. The >lu,i)" of Origeo'. thought pro,,~ that
i, is ,)(>t cOIlu'"diew,y al all. 11 f""h," pro",. ~\., simplistic ,ljs
ti'1<.1i," .nd cu '"e ,,,i,,n. ,uo;h ., 'he .bm-c_lIIcmi,,,,,,d. despite 'h"ir
"r~>o.Jing fonl1 l1litiOl'. afT WC"l< ",lid 1101 i,,,ru,i,.,. ill 'OCTm. of phi.
10,,~,hJ" "f It ;,,,,,,.
,\, .n~ '"",., 1',,,,,,,,u,,1 cn-llmly mo",,,,em le.'". ,,11 p"SI<ibil;ucs
"I"''' to NU""aJ ae'io". The,," l'"ssibililH.:. ca" I.., reaJi..--.J Ihrough
the causalil) imhu i n~ ,hi, ' imc_ Tht!, 'the Sotl of dc,;!" m.)" I","<:<"nc
'Son ofG,~!"; j,,,'a Son of '''''il ;. ,,,,, a ,uch by ,'",c'ur<"I~Jt be
It a. b<"" ",fin, be ;. beea ,, '" I';' Own "",ion , '" Wh., <unemlr
Mfe,""",wwi "~I;"nal creal",", "' "nly me ",,,It of 11, ,,ir ",,"'" fre<
ac,ion . T hi, i, hu" O ,il(Cn mainta in. hi, "alu,.~r ,' i~~, of hi, ".-,,,1,1
"'l",itl~ it '0 m"'''ph )''icaJ iml~icat.iol\,', ,he """,. tirn< . ,\cc()rditl~I),
h< ddin,,. atl 'ac",, ' a, ' "a"",,1 .,-SI."'. compruing ,'anou. b"di~.
and co",.ining dill;"-,nc,," or re"",,, , "hieh "cm from th e ,liJ"'rcne~
in kno"'letlgr of God."'"
'n,i, definiUotl I~,i'''. "''' ~,,,n' .., a ,,,.lily, "hieh " 'nah,,...r
and Y ",bted '0 God . III 'h~ .am< <kf",;,ion 'h, ll<>1ion of ca"""I
I",,,a,,,e of l. The
ily i, dcarly ,ugge"ed throllgh 'he term
I>o,--p<ttlal mOHTllent, '" lI,od 3c,ion, mea " , 'h,,' Ihi, CxL1tcu,i,,1
e.. ",ah,)" is Tto' a contingeo, One. Tbi, mea", Ill .. , il m" ",,' be >aid
tha, if ~ eau'" an"" Ihcn Ihc ,1f",t "I'pco",- The C"~ " ~ ' ,loco (x.,!
all 'he lim~. Ikre '0""';' r"", moral actioll i1-O<lf. ,,-hieh u, OriS',n',
wocld i. I>crpc,u"l .
,u,
r ,h. 1''''''''''
I'v,,,,,,
337
So ,h cau.al.,)", '" filII)' xi>1'"g in I'm~. d,'ermi" o. Ih. COli'
cep tion of ,i llle i""lf nud i, i. a eous,i" ,, '..., demem of errn,ioll. Ilu,
O"Cc thi, ,,'" ",~bli,h~d. God i, Ut1 I"",ial. ' 11"". ahhollgh ~,. 1'1:')'
exi''''II,"," "f ,hi.,
I, ,) i, 1><")"0))11
,~",<c~. to-,xIom, w,h f""'"
"",I rff1 "'" <111 .,-.,1)' ""pende n' "I,,,n L'H""",,1)' fr<'<dom . For cau.e
and ",,,d, appear '0 he ,\c,,,rrni,,ed b)' f,ce mor.1 .cUOII.
With ""1><<:1 to ,I';" I",illt. I elldo"", 11. CI,.<I...;,k, opillMm ,I""
"Origen i, qu ite e l~ar ,ha' ' he ""I"!l";"!l of Chri>!ianitl" i, nOl !O
be ~"COIlttl,:d for h) all)' n.",r.m"i, e.plan. ,ioltS. n ,,-, SUI"J)' ,hi.
,,'ouid ",,<m collfu,i,tg '0 T. Jlomall "'ho cOll lclld. ,h." "'0 thi nk
(Q"'olly" lIcce".riJ)" me.", to think "in 'enll' of IiIliuroI "'ma."'" lu
anI" Ca><.hi. i; anO/ her COl"''1'' of c"\I~'~ry. acron~ng .0 "Ilich i.
;, only 'he cau>c ,hat '''n'' from ' he ' <"'I)()raJ "",."",d)" ,,iU. The
elf,'Ct ("a,,\I"I), (; ",1', ''''1)()'' .... h' h" ,-,.10."0" to erea''''''') [,,,,oom
.,crn. cn' i",ly from G",r. ,,iII. Th o",for~. "lthough mallibu:d into
'he ,,'orld. it i. origillat-o<l ill ,i ",de"",,,-<. SlIch ;, th e ,a><: of prayM':
in tha, c.,''' c."".'lIit)" ;, uo' a ",b,i on exi!ling filii)' ill ,ime; m, iter
i, "' " nI.Uon ;''''oI''i!)g IXllh time " " d ti ......l...".".
<""..
<...
)OW",,,,
",Or.
lI"..,
,~ It
Ch_"","Tt.<- ",ioJ<>,,,,,, of
- . r..u.;, . 11,
'~ T.
C~
ill U"
,~
of 0';"'0",
I<om..n .
m J,(Jo. V, 2.
'"
I'iN. they "()~e",l" lh"' 'G",I 'mow, all thing; hd',..., ,b<-y arc';'"
of l!>U'g' <h:., occur, He ~!>("... 'H) 0'" fur ,he tu", ,;m,'. ". if ,h<'Y
"en: n", kil o,,,, herun: 'h i, _ 'ill;' i, ,- icw of O,ig<"" . """ V<l
those who d~"y the ,'. Jue ,,f I'ra~~r addt<ce ' he argument ,h.. ',he
hea,'r"l)" Fa,her
kJl(''''~lh
"hat thing.
W~
"",I
h"
"""Ic>
''''''''1<'"'
Roro. 9,
11 12.
339
T h", th~n' ;" " ,,,"ofold argum~"l "gain" 'he " "'.... il) f()or P~'Y
ing. Orig~" ' ''t"d th;, d"ougb the MIlle "'Old< thm the probkm
1",,1 be", j J'<"<l '0 biJn:
the fut"'" b< fu"'tut., ~ ~ an<i it 0,,"" coon. tu I""'".
1''''1''' " ,".wc s..coo.JIy> ... all ')"''lr' 10",,1''''' :.<,,:o"U"~ 10 "". "ill of
G<>d. and ;r "lut ;" " iU"d by h,n' i , fi.!, "'''' no<h'J\K of ,..h" he
,,"ill. "'" be ch"'Wd, l,r.yCT is '.in.'"
f~tr>t ....
r.oo
I:no~~
The question racing him at ,h;' poi", ;, "'" .impl) the ""'lie of
I"'~),c'. Tt.. "'1")-' ' I","ion i, ,,)wd'"r or om ,he dialeclical relation
1>."""",", C oX! and cr~.,un,. ae,,",lIy ,,,rulO a nd ma." ..."""" a mi 1,,,
ther, ,, hether. crcatmo', action m.y ca"" a """",,,,ling action f",m
God . T he poi'" i, ,b<u 10"", to "I"'IT om f,eedom ,,;,b God ',
knowle<lge of the ru,,,,..,.
I~a)'c, ;, ;n bc( o,~~ ~ 1~'T1kular rase of 'I.... '1"""';0" "' b" d,,,r
an acti"n ,.king place in 'ime ,,,,d ",-r."",d '" limd.",n.., rru'Y (llI<>I
a ,e.c,ion f">lll ,in,dM>uc," ., " time . ulncq\Jen' to) tl,;, 'cmpor.d
ac,ion. The ,-cry q",-""ion"hcrcforc, i, "h .. ,h<"1" O ri!:"n hold. a n",iou
of ""\twity ext",,<kd iu both time .... <1 time l~ .. nc ... ! shall mai"taiu
,1oa1 ;" ,le",1 O ' ;g"" do<:s hobl ,uch ~ "OIion , for ,he f.,d '1""";00
i, ,h'" of
of GoXI ,'i,~,'i, ... ,ional er"''''' . We r,tld ' he
u"ti"o of Pf'<"!ClltI."" pu, ,,, i",~gina' i,'r tlOW U!Ie" to IDOW how
G",I', knowl"'lge ;. compa,ihle 001 wi,," hi! OWll frc"iorn, but abo
,,'i<l\ rn",,,,,,I)' [",,:do"', ""'.
A, " "",,,re o[ F;,CI, <he ~.. tionale ;" on" ,no", 1>;,..,,1 0" (b,' fre<"
'~>I" of "ill. 11<- ~,., ... d", 'from c",,(ion"" and ,i,,,., 'the ,,,tl(la
tion of 'h" wo,ld '''' G",I I"" 1-.0(""" e'-'r;1hiog "ud th"&,,. h.
Iu, forclrno" ledge of wb;n 'he chok" of ""r frc" will bc , He "ra.o
OnCe ''<:''u" ,h" lb. fo", k"",,lt:dg<: or (loo ;, "'" ~'C c",,,,, of all
f"tu ... "...cn!> 0< of (,,""'. action. I><rt"ormcd by", "ut of h" "ill
a"d r ho;"". God 10:... ,r"'gt-d """,)1I>i"8 bo-fo,,,h""d in aceord.""e
",;,10 ... h.. he Iu, ""," conc<ming eac," act of f"", "' ill alld ",I""
,,;U be a".,,e,,<I 10)' hi.. p,O\id o""".'"
r; i,'c" ,hi. [",.. Iam"mal opi,tion, be ,n "ocia.., hi< ,"",w' of ,,",,
nlalio" I"''',e,'' God and ma" ,hroub'" p"~)'c<. S;",... '~"h ~n of
""'''''m"
,~
JtQ., V, 6,
,~
Kom. I, W.
.... ~5. 3.; ("w. 11, 50, ((cb_
'~ ) 1
,~
.,~:
JtQ., VU.
'"
f"",
'h,,,
h" abo
,,'ha'
!<)UlC<mc
I "ill heM ,hj, ''''n "",,0 "ill 1>0.,' I'n~l<o"r. f,.- ,) .. '''''Y p"'r'r",
...." ~hicb I", "'ill pm)'; lotH ,Iu, moll I will IK< h<"" <"her t.<""u><'
he ,,-iJj I", w,,,-onhy 10 be 1"' . ... [, Of' b.""",.. 1.0 ..iJj l "'~ !Or Lhing>
"hi'h .... ,..;,10" p..m.,abl<' fo< nim ",M j"")" n<)" P'''!'''' fOf' me
'" v_ut; ~n,1 for l1u, P'")'" I... '" ur '" ........,><1...., I "iU ' ..... h<Of
him: bo, fo< 11,., I ,,-ill I",., lu",.'"
Abo,
I ,,-ill gr"" lit;. or ,I .. , 10 !h;, ,,"''' ~' I", ,,'ill I'~")\ t"",.u", ;, i, hi""
fur"", to do thi, for' oh"" "ho ~' il l pr.,., bb.m<""~ ."d will ,,.,.
pr.>,.., c~,,*,,, u, ,I,. mat'e< of I"")"'" .od ",b,," I>c .hal l pr,,)" r..". a
",.,,>.W ,ime. I "m t.e,,'uv. d,;, or Ih., "1'.... , I,i", '<-",,,,-.ling olootl,"
d,m l)" "",",,,"
h< ',,1;, f<><" " f.... " " "",,' fur on.. '0 (1""1'''''
1"", ,,, gu<.1 ch-d nd '" ."ppl~ 1"," "i,h ,""'" ,le,,, I", 10.. ""'"
"h.,
'n .. , O rigo'"
'"
(~'''' I''P'
';"'~"'v oi>.6v
[o ....
loa.
," 11 ...
-
0,0"
... 11...
VI. I .
'"
Th" "''''' <.>flhi. rd'lio n i. Ih" prn)'H j,,,,,lfand ;" origina,,,,1 ill lin..-::
(he
Ii!'
i, God\
~"I)()n'"
""cl
,li,;'",
t;",d~""",,.
'l'h'" ,,~dl of the ''''0 I"''''' Icau,,dTcCl "f (hi, c.u",lit) li,-, in
",ali,;c> ,lilk...,,,, ,,;!h ""peel IQ time. Thi. ," .. ",lily. ' herdo"" may
be >CCll ci'ha from the poi'" of ,ic,.,. of time OT (hal of ';mcle"
lien. "11,< fm. i. 'lui.e . imple. >ince thi . n::bti(~l i. realize,i "' ti",f':
(h~ ...,.,,)0 ofpmyer ",ha,",,'", 'hi' mal" be, tbat i, f,dfiUmebt <.>ftLe
pcti1io", or !>o(1 i. n"dcNiooo;l 10 corn. ajItr pm)"'. 1:1"1 10 iCe ,hi.
,-dation from a "md,, po;'" of I'ie,, i, .~tT(mcly diAicuh. inck<>:l
imfX>'l>i 1,le_
Acrordi1lg t" a c<,.,,~in 111""", Ori'l'n hold. lh01 God 10 ... ~ ..." ...-red
all pm)"" ... bti"rc all ti,," or I'",""'ernally. '" TIb" oowo,'<r, i, lit
I,, ~ll ) a <klli~1 of ~le wry fact ,ha' Ill. di"kC1ical n].,"'" to.,,,c-.:D
C",I a"d man ,.. k", pi",," 0' 'he "''''''C''' uf Ih~ p~~y"r "",,,,,d., I
.J,,,,~d poill' out nC\"nhdN> tha' ,hi, IH"I~"itio" ,"a'c> "'''00 oul)'
if i, i. """" from" t""]"'fal l",ill1 of "; ....... F"f in time""'""", it
ma~cs ,I() . . , " " <
0 diSlo'guish I""",,,,,, 'bo-f"", .U lime' ami ,,,,,,,,'.
"nee ~'e"" ,""io,", "'k "'''S<' ""Jy "';,b;,, '<'IlIp"raJ f,,"leX' ,
11""''-'0", O"C. O,il:""'. """ '".,;"". a ... 'Iudied m<.1 ic uiQu'l). s"m c
.,d"";o,,, m;!(IIl I... draw". Too, exp"''';''''' Ill"loo C\;dc"t
wha, Cod hold. b"forc time i; not ,ht
;",If, b\,. hi' himd
'<ig< of 'he "'''PO''''. Tlu, "'~aJ" 11", C",1. regard"d I'm<" ""r 1'00"
of ""","', aCl> at ,he t;m~ of th~ pr..)'.,-, thc di;Je<tic.] ,da""" i >CI,,'wll
ti""
"<f'<i"'"
C",I
~Ild
,,~'c
r,~I)" ".~]
of I""P" a, foUows:
H. " I..,.. m;n{i io "" '''' 1""')-'< i, in """.. -"'''''' profited " , ..... y I'
d in P"');"l;. w)",n 10< 10.. di"OO>Cd runo
.,,,1 'J'C.k in ru>
to on< "'00 ",-.,,10
.,od
ir,,"",...
1''''0<,,,'''
1''''''''''''''
i,""
"'1'''''''''''
'lO'
.,,,,all
i.
"'U
'"
'"die.,e.
a..1,i,,,,
i, ,h., t h.
of 0",1 i, ",,(uaU~ ",ahd ill
dialectic,.] rcbtioll to I'F"y<r. , th~ ,i"", Ofl'r.ly<r. This m<"" . Il~"
th e " .."on", of Cod i. "'!l'",kd '" all !Un"". ,,-hicb (fwm 'he "",a_
Orig<'1l
,iJ"".
,hi.
""lP'
,,:I,"
It""""" ,It"
,It",
Iti,
," 0-0.. \1 . _
~
j Kin", 8, :10_
0-0., X. L
,ri<.
iJC_
FOI" .,-,,,1. ."'. >0 to ,!",. l< . i>u,o,,r.blc and '~<u- b.toil '" i,",o
"",,,,1>)" . nd " I0all)"..,
It",u"'cu-l'u'1_~. I~ciJ- incb
n io",
.h
0)0>""'''''''.
of whIch
,I,,.,,
i. ",,[,'
0'"
pnfect
,,,,,,,\.:;j
I" Gb, h""'<I,("'. I'""icubr , ml' ha,i. " In" "" ~umlg , ...,,", rcl)'
r.""dom of ",ill:
Since OWl i hk ,,, w",ide, <I"-lhing.od 10 "'''dlOg< ,~ .,. !hilO g '"
",doT. ;1
,h. , he i. ,",,,,"HOg 'ogett.;,. ~i,h pro,,
<l<n,," o~"'~~'o ,~ "p""o1o;t ~...&n"'''. ,.,.." """,ko ~h;'-h an 'Il<"
prod"", U,,. m,,,, l)' of """ I",Ium.] ;n"i,,..,, ",id, ",hi<~ I". i. ""J.,,,,ed
1:' the I"",id.. occ of God. bo, also of h~ '-"'" d-t.Juj;I11 ,-..i "" """''''
1ii; 'p""or... Iwi; IIYJU ",,,<l-.t.i;,"" nu<' rei ..... I"",,," ,'"
,~
,~
MO., \T 5 .
>#If ;" PG 1~ . ~'Il 1 1f
'M
j.u"". 21
"
,~
,~
MO., XX IV. 2.
rm., ' I t.l." .
'"
T he
"'" ",dy in ,d",ion h' the c:rt,,,,,,dy fu""tioD of Jlr.l),CT. hut 300
"'ith "1:'",1 10 an) asp"'" of ,b e <!;al1;cal relatio" h"',,"~'n (;",1
anrl r~<ional c!'I:""'c . Indeed O ri!(C" goe. ~, f:.r a, to attim) a son
or ""W"tI"'Y in Goer. act;"" ,,,,,.-am. m cn. In """V" he portray. ,hi,
o"niug<:Il" Y by cOIlHu"",iug "" the ""yiug
!ftll.. ".. ,On. ~n" ,,-hom I 10.,.. p""''''''>c<d turn lion, ,viJ , 01.0
I ,,;0 '"1"0' of~", <'i1 lb., I ,houghl to d" un,,, "'<m .. . . !fit ",",-,
",-jJ in "'r .ight. ,ha, i. <Ioc. uo< obcj' n'l" '-oic<. "'" I "ill 1"pC'" of
,h, good. ","""-,,i,b I ,.id I """kl t..n.H,
"'cm,""
'0
but "'-en (}f a ""'" man', ,;nee ,"p<:r"auc< ", ,,ally "Pl'~("
what
h"" ''')I Ix",,, oo".tdo",<l ",-11 ,\> God has a fo"'~ n",,'Ic"<l~ of f"tu .....
",-c n" ]", ca ,uM be ",id ,h'" he ha. no' c",,,id,,,,,d ,hinll' ,,-,,11 ."']
'h ercli>ro he rq>Cll" _'" "[1'; , i, a ']OIe" i""
which cxten,i,..: ",",Iy_
... , are d~w",d T he (ouc lu";()1\ ;, ,ha, oh",e arc figu~ of """",h
'lflpIO)-,d hj' God iu h;, "'"'tion '0 u"n. '111i, ;, like ' I"'.>king to
'hahic;" ",,<I Ib<t, h~ '1'''',,,,,.1,' 0\0' ,,, ' now ,he fuIOr. ,bj,\&"'. "" so
Ih., '",If-dctcnn;natinn ;. fr~." " .nd cannut be pu' in 'IUN io".'"
Since. lh<rd" .... 'G,~I P""kJ"",-, ,",":I)~ h i1)g, ","i,her do<, he bC"~lle
nugr)' ,,0,- doe. he ",,><:nt' ; 'ro/",a"",,' """"''' God '. 'c;"uJlg 011' a
forroer ll,;"g ,,,,,I ," 'lalhe,i, (1U",(I,a'<;J W ""0,10,., ,1;'1\0"0"";""
(o; . """, i,,) of ,bi,,&,,'. 'O:; Tbu. '''''I~'h1,,,,ce of God i, ,aid (0 I", ,be
mc,,",h<;,i, ~~'''9..,,:;) ,,(,he d;,-i,... disp<-n,.tion ci""_i,, fcom on"
th ing '0 ~ Ilo'hd. h, fac' 'th< al'~r"hil itr of hum"n choice C~IIn"t
be '1'1'1, ..1 '0 God. It ;, u'. "nil I"",au," of ourscl,-" . who I"",-.::oke
,b, cl'''''g"' of Ih. ili,;"c di.,,,""~'10,, I))' pru,-j,'S ou".,I"" " ""-0<'
th ) of ,h, hOlloOl< ~ftt:d h)' C",I". T h", "hcn C ",I "')-' -I h.,,,
"'Iw n'ed fo,. )" "ing ord.;tlC'<l S.u1 a, ~ 'ing', '" Ih;, ;., ""id i o",~,1
of' l .... no to beto'" ,h~ )",\,~,. of rcigll; "g to another o" e and "1>_
'0
'"
p"lldi ng him from b.o' ng p(". ~rfur . Jo ;" .. if God .aid ,hal 'Sa ,,[
,o.o,k ilimM:if UI".-onby of beiug a killg. ID if [ h~d " ,,'" ,, ''' . " ."
r"1~ibl~ of rq","';''I; r co"ld "'1*'" "bo", hUn. Thc" ",I.)' he " ".,
ord.inc<f)
,h., ,in... h" "'.... " -o,,h) _ 8" " b) rh~ll~ill!! hi,
1:Ic<:""..,.,
,I""
",u-
,*
<""'"
t\ .,;o;
V'. 79,
"""..,aril)". Th",. Origc" "'gaol, ,he f"",," "wn' a, the """" <.>f
Goo:l', forcimowlcJgo of it.'''' Tit", meal'" ,h., ' he di,i"" foreknowl _
edge is ,b,' "J~IJ of ~'" r,,(1
an e""" will ,,, l e 1'1.,." in ,be
It",n"", ! le ..... , ,,, this caso ' ,I,,' ,. ~" ... ' is fmlnior to (h,' ,..,,,,It. Il""wer,
th e tern, 'f,,,,,,,, ' applie. Ol~Y 'Q a Wlnp<>r.>l p<>'' ' of ,;.-w alld ,hi.
ea"",.li,)" ,, ltort tlt e . uccc-<,ion of ca"", ."d re,ult a w.-erSc<1 i.
r<"g;mbl f"'lll a telllp,,,. 1 po'u, of ,~"', ''''', God k "o,,~ the fumI"C,
but from a ,imel.,.. poim of ,-k,,' "" >c,,eo,;o,,' ",,"'"' ,t<) ""'"" , It i.
a "''''llOr~1 IlOi'" of ,;, ..... from "hich i, i. oaid ~,at God fore know
th e n"Uf": Ue .'10'>" it. y<t not IlS}imiff. TI,"" "hy """'Y-p,,'phoeR:, nooL" C hri>t h.,-.: hee" ;1a'cJ in , fon" " if 'hey ' had al""d)"
""''',. to I"''', namely I'rt" T"n", '" Trini,) ""'. ,h"m as already
ha,ing OOme to 1""" \,,~,6. 'i5~ ~,i.vo, , by ,-i""c of 'he fac, ,ltat
<I,e)
I""'n c"'''e",plat<"(f (lJ-.Mrr~" ) by (;,.-1 .
If .ncb " .. e"",nt "..,,,ld .. <m "rang" alld unCUIIC"il".bl" a hLU>'
,in:<1 yea", "W), i, ,bo,~,1 "'" ",cm .0 in our ,ll). T wclltied, <cut"r)"
"'~rk> a .--a<fical cbanse of a "orld.pi<tu,",, which ,,'i,h co""p"""
ri"d) ",j' l()r alteration, I",led fo' (,,'0 a(1 a half lhOtJs~nd ) ea .... ,\
,'''''1 uumt,.--, or "wio; <.>f m"der" ""hob"hi!, On ,ito" ,houk1 b<- dis
1'0><:<1 ,illlpl,' beeau",' ,he,' in';" on t"'"ling th< qO!."ion on ,he
prcmi>< tha t the '''UI'< ..... i, the /l:e"1<M,i," "ne . Cenai"I,' 'h< 'I'he",-)"
of Rdati,i,}" i. uot e,,",il)" ''COId"blc nor ito p."",lo:Ucal notion' "",I
,,('= i ~l~ '0 tI ... b~' n ' a" , T h" [<Cl is. how","'. ~'a( d);,
th "ol",. i, b<'tol! It) .nd br-gc ,;ndi".("d f,)r o.ImO>1 onc 'n'",)' n",,' .
'!("di" ""Un> '0 ilS Chap,er I. ~tod ,hi,
T hen'f",,. l'hilosoph)
eh.p'cr is ,h~ ""d)' ,if the ""rid pie""" ",""oT'(Ii "g '0 'h, ,,.-elltietl,_
<c"'''ry p.:n:eption. 'l1,i, i. "'" 'he proper place for d<,-doping d'; .
a.-gu,ue"t ti"thtl.)"'" [ i""eI"" O1a,<,~e" ( tha( (h" ,I;" i"ctioll of(i01'
'n l'a'(/p" ... nt/fu",," i, on l)' ~ human (1I~,io" (' a goo<l ,,~"it\l!
I~,i'" for rdketimL
x.. retuming to m)" ]>lU1icubr p<>''''. I >Il)' ,hi,: c,-"n in regard <.>f
our vi>iblo uui,-er:;c. tha, d,e ll otion of JimuIhm<i!J ,,,.I<c-< no "",... i.
n""..-.,b).. con'ownl)" ag<e.,1 "pon. 0<" '''0'''' h... n'" "n)" obj ee,i,..-:
ror",'l"-" ><J,.", '"0''' ." ~ pl:.ce of ~ /(.". ()",,,,,,,,(I, ligh('f""'" ~".f
Thc argumellt> .b"u l prayer ..
'\l>t"lui.) an: baoed lJ p<>" ,hi.
prc1lli..:, i, i. ,~k ll for granted tha, God'. ' uo,,~ a o!!icc,i,-dy tb<
,ha,
h.,,,
cl.,,,,,, """
"""lid
,,<"
Cl
c.t,
It.
w_
, !<If'>. Z.
<'"''
'p.~cc>
'"
in tI,i.
""died
,..iu,
a,..
Y<'I'>
,jie, th e cOIl,L'n' Hrif..,... ,iou of the TbOXlr)" of 1t.laI;";!)" .bould <li, _
"",i.,,, them ... ,," .. rrom ,he "'.""onian ,,'orkl'picwre.
I" ,;"w of ,I\.l!, R. Sombji', olri rtion.'" tb'\I O rigtH ",a,-. ... OU
" 1...11",, (:",1', d,.t\grk... " ill , ho" I,1 l>e ,';ewed:.os (j",ddS or ..xj".
illg ill adl',,,,,,e, 'h" to '" ac1u,lI)" "'P""""" what 'he Ih.otvgian n;all y
held .00," 'h, ,\i" ioc ,,;11 . AppcalillS '0 <bOr 5 6. hc ,.kc, i, 11""
Origtn I~OU1p' for ,he L,,, .., ",,,,,,,Iy.
G",i'. will e:..i"" in .. k a'Ke.
11", !hi. is "0( ID<oil . The ,~,'i 'k ' " 'ill ,xjm ,;mekssly . "d
" "' a"il">l~d j" ,ime '" dj" ...."'ieal ,<'la' ;"" ,,, n~"""el)" fn:edo", .
n "". fnom a Icmpoml (1I\at i" 1,i","';c-all po;n' of "","'. Goo', "'ill.
'l"i,c 1~"ad",icaJlr, "l'pC"" '0 bc /(mllc<j '" /uw and iJl~<c<1 DI IN
Ii= "'"'" ",,,,,ill nea,u,d), :>e' ,.... ~, 1'1""". Thl> is whr Orig=
'1>'''''' of God', rel'e"'"oc~. Still he ", akes " "C'Y timd"'''''", al
1"""', wh;d "'oDld b< I'a,~ "",;",,, '"ell1ion:
(;":""1(>0
n ol
,.,.lid
c..,. (
,..,
"""),, 1>".....
'mlll)"
,lo."
,~
;".u.., 20.
I~ "
"10-1.
'"
"'"mlIng. vf "'''Ill',
not h., will . lhn IT",m an "Wmpo",] point 0( ,;cw, t he,", Jj,,'~,"'J()n. make nO "'n><. U u"" the_
ti n><b.I).' i, Gnd',
foc<.
"'~
"'*""'"
p"""'"
In 1"';Ul of lh i, . Origen
ac"~,lIy d~1
c"",
'''!!!le''"
(I"".
0'",,,,,.,..
Cd"" lW'W th,,' "'DI<lrulll! 1al.-c, rla"" by "~tu< of ha'iD!( 1><1OIl Plcrli<1<d I') ,'"'''' L;"cI of f"""ight. Bot "e, cl" ,,,,.. .no.-;''lI for th;~ ..y
~ " , I., "'I,,, 1'0",,01,1 all ",,,,"t is !lot ,I,,' c."", of ,hi< ""m;ng '0 p ...
;n ,he r,,,urc. i'''' beca~ .. he f""IOI<1 ,hi<, lI e gran' ,h" , fu,ute
,,cm ..11I 0C<1U". C""" ",bi. i, DOt pf<".oct<d. For it i,
0<"<1"""""<
~hich p",.,i(l<, ,h. c~"", 10. f"""dl<r .., ,b.t h" call pr<di<l
d, ;~ '\'HI ;ill thi, l> 1'''''''''' i" th,' fo,d""",'k dge of 11", 1''''I,lte'' ror
if 1" <~rr<'>c< ;. op<n (0 ,he ,,,,";nlfC'>C"f of ,,; .... ,. cooning Or not
o;u ';ng '" P""- ";,h.". of ,he,., coo,,;ns<n<R.~ m.), "",u.ill ,,"u". 1\"
do not ,,,,.,,,, t~"t t~c onc ",1>0 ~." r"",Io_1c<W ha> thc I>OWeT of
c.1l<e~u~ 11 .. f'<'<>iLilh)" of on ","ut hal'l'<,uJ\g O!" not h.W"oi~~,'''
,hi.
,,,,,If
.00.,
...,,,,.thi,,~ .""~
",,'iog
kno"'I"'~
><';1''"''''''''' "itl1
,h" "....
Gecd ""ri<~'"
I" a"r c,'cn, Orig~ll do,,' nol hold ,ha, God h." challg<k .. plan
for n ><:q llcncc of C\"<Oub. a ' R . Sorabji' " and P. 1'1.,,' " n" d mM' )'
o,ho,", d.um . S"ch a ,oie"," eo"ld co'''pro,,,;,,. bi'l I\u.. h",,"" 'a l ,Inc
(,;ne of cr.a",rcl) f... " do"" "hi<h pbl' a prominent ru~ ;t> h;,
en,i,,, eo" ""pliotl of ' un .
R . &;',,,bji mrumai"" all" (ha( GoJ uot ort!)' luocn<-. b.. , nbo intend.
(he ""IU<l1<O of C\"C1'L'- y ", Orisc" bolt!. , .. cb ~tl ojri11i"" o,~y with
reop"" .0 Ood', Ol'o1l ac.ion.. not '0 ,loo c...." ",ol)" Oft'" of "' hieb
God has 00\1) kno,,'I,"~. I" eon"",' '0 Sor.t~i, "1';";':"" Orig~n
/Jot, hQld ,h'l G",I Ih;nk, ;n loL.,nrdJ.,,;,',: ,<nn, ,,, ,d lhi, ;, " """"'tly
wh,. co""i.",,,. tho mlCiaJi.)' of , I,i, time. Thi, i, ,,-10), he nJli"",
(ha, " 'en (h"", ,",'h ieb aw.>,.o be eompl",dy lInimro'"'''' a ... n,kd
b)' 0",1", p,o"idenCt: ~o\ ,0: Iixp~o'" v"~ 1~6~,vo ~POW>(Y e,,,iI
bto,,,,,;',,,).'" An,1 ,Iuuugb him all 'hings " 'en- ",:.d,', 0",1 in onler
'hat .11 thing. mal" be made bl" ' he [.vgo,. h< ,,,,,,od. n", Ut~)' to
m~n b,,( al." C\"C1l to 'hi"g< ""PI"'''.! .0 he w,.igl\i~ca,,' ""d arc
"",,,,..,Il,,,1 b)'
ua""".,"
... God
f"'I"or of hi.
on CtU, n.
:/0,
,. 0,. "". p. :/60,
,~ 1'. t'W., .,. U/. , I~ " t6 7.
' ~j, II"',
2 11 .
~h" .
10, 2!1 It .
11<
i; e~",ctl)"
8u( (;>xl c.',., no, onl)" r..... """ ,",hol<- roi; ","""I... Cc"". 'binh. bu,
I~,p< ....... , ,,. I',,,,,,,"'ar care of ""I) Mioo .. ]
be p.. r """"lieuc<
"le
\Own .....:
Uockm.".d d", )"QU . r< .. ><><I1er ,",orid ;" ",inia,u"" and 'hot d",re
;, "id,;n )"" Lhe 'U". , be mo"n ... ..J Lbe """- .. .. '11';, "o,~l I...
,he Soo of 0<><1. It h,. ' he HoI) Spiri,. "" ,he prophet "')'" fly d,e
11'0,,1 of 01 .. 1"",1
he.m,". "eTe tOm.,.j ..... ~I b.,. ,he Sriri, of hi.
0100,10 alJ , loci, ,U'<nJ!!h.'" An(1 in aDod "" j>L>c in 1iL.
lb.
~I'iri' of ,h. l.onl ha, fUkd
110.,,.00 ....b., Cb"" "')~
'" )'0'" ,\,~ ] belwld I an, ,,-id, )"'" """)' ",..-to (0 11 .. ",,,I of ,Le
age_'" .-\I,om" ,Ite lIoIy Spiti" i,;,..;d. And I "id ['OUr " my ~ti,
"" .11 ~d, .00 'h<) will 1'''-'1,1",..,-. '''
"'<
"'< <.,,10.'"
m.m"".
So 'he conch"ion al."", the imrorm "ce of "'''0) irt,li"jd ll~J hum""
being Iwf"re ,he ~")'d of God <OIn", 'I"il" prolnptl~: "YO ll h.,,
."''1',ltillg Ii"" ,he " 'mid h""H. '"' ,a~~ Orig.n 'Q lci. congreg.tion.
which mean< ,h.t i"d i"ic]w,] h,,,non ",:,i"n i, ill no
,mim]M'"
tall '. Thc l.ogo, m~(1c '" Oll ' of ll", \,i llg alld "nc~ W~ W<"Te ,,,~dc.
he
being. ~n d "-eO)' ,by /h~'iA's.fot "0, both as. ~,""" ~nd
.~ d, 0'''' W!;':iA",iI!J. ~"d '",'crd), :",d ""cm)". ~ Ild ,,e" ,"'i,ho,,' ,, '
heill g .""re "r il . "" Tlti, p ..... ';d"""". h"we,-ec, ,~"'. no' imply hi,
,,;11 (,~v f\<N~~" hu, only hi, ro",I",,,,,i<-dg" I~~""''" which i,
dj"inc' fro", Ihe ,,,,,i,,,, of hi. ",ill . '"
..,IL""
""'I" ".
ba,~
mu.
""".,.f<".t
'"
~ I ore"'-er,
It"", ..
,dkxi,,"
nd. h"n:[on:. ~ >!riCt on,,';"'icucc i. ,, <>I .<akd b)'
Cod.'" \\b,,, be . uggc,," ;" ,I"" all G,~I did ;', the ,,-..rld w .. to
",,,,bL,h Ceria;" pri"";1'I", and com inge"d .. and he th"", .. fte, <Joe.
,'''' n....<l (" k""", ,,'cl} <kl~iI of "h~, h"pp"'" j" l h,' "odd . "nU,.
t", 1>"'p"II"d. " ""I",iv" ''''coming ,,, ....hich c-onditi Qllali.y ,'Quid 1.><
iutrod llCCd
what G(~l ".. il l" "he will, ' mU if I pr.y Ikm 11 1)"
pr~)"~r ;,'ill I.. ao,"'cre<f'. '"
S",:h .. ,;ew, how..",'''. i; alien ." wh~t Orig<" hol"'. In fact ,h;'
cou ld (um;,,;," cb, cnociaJ " ~ of r",, 100,..~1 action in Om" and , h"
imm,"(!j;,u: and e,"inuo.>u, di.h,ic.1 rob, ion I><;,,,wn ' )k' di,;n" and
ereatu cc))" fre~"" . On 'he wntr.uy. he "peak., of r,; MJroprpi, nil'
1<(XW(Jlw;. b."ndy. ,be im",edi."" pall>r,dar enre of God for ..."""
"ha'
10 1><. of oon'mpol"I.''''''. '''
In ,-ie" of lh"""
""h.,, I'u<:<"b I~'M''')"' <I ,e C h,;",,,,,
" iew "f lime lh"~lgh oh, ""inion tll .. I',,~;de"ee i, eO IICei,,:d a, in
iu,,,
"""m,
"""""".
(rc'
10<>0:' O,igen. lronicallr 'hough . , (he Mme poi1\( ()f hi' 1"'1"". he
1'0;"1. 01'1 Ong.,n . . . ~l'''''''''';< 'i''' of \"'k,, he lale .,1 a (";,,,,k
."itud< ",'~" ,n, lh i, I"' n;'," I.. poinl]'" In .n) ca"". to O ngt" " (;.ld.
kno,,"k<lgt " , ,,,,"d,xl do""" (0 (h,' ]a" dl1.il of" h at ,,ist. in 'l'ac~~
,im . AllIl mo:)" c<l1ai,Jy God i< (he .,Ie omn,,,,i, ,,, ()f a 'k,~iloo
knowledge of aU ,ime. namet-, p .. t ,"d pr""'Dt a lld fllt~ rc (Ail.,;:;
C. l",,,iM,,.:
,it, ;....,. hi .
11.. s...r.l.;; .,. n<. ~ . 2~ I.
,~ Cf. fi"'OIt. 2 12: ,. 4o..,...,pi<; 11;; .po. .... ""I " ,.ixp' """ "',,",to .,.,..".
lA"",," . fi/M. ~" ........ """~ rii; .poo.oo(o.;...,1 ~
1;0.
,....:;0".
Mo>. 11_ .. /w. '2.3 .. ,.,... p . l\9 .,.1 n. U,O.
,~ 11. l'ue<h. Of. n<. ~ . Ill.
' ~It Pu.<ctt. Of. Cl., )1. -I'>fI:
,~ ,'fP-, IS. ~ .t.o "",_, 2ll; I'io<. 1ll. 1.13. r,uch<x dahar,tiuo on
'J"<'"
,iooo ""fW= d<<ill<d db<uoO.oo of Orig<n'. ~ of , ,,,",,,a RfU<h 1"1'"",1
,~
1.
,~
"fxI>'
1.<.,.,.
,I.,.
"')
"""",.
'"
"I" ("..."j though "'" ",.ne I :U~l ,he 1""')" I ,,,,,,," in l'~S ~e'"
ju" .. no",,~ Pr<:><""'"' ' he ,..,ion 0(,100 ",,..Id~, 'h,y" .... "OW ""d
)"~'"
1",,,,.,,_ G""f.
<T<~"'-C
"", ;, rimd",.
~"d
tune-
k..J)" adapocd '" ,I", "fr:" eI",ne,," ~ i1i,iJ, it: but "'" "!TIck>, oct.]>_
"" 1'"'''''' of pr.)",01 "'''~...,. ".
,,,,u.:i<>u,,,,,,,, ...
The,.. "'" '''-0 ,"" ill mi:o,""mc,ioll. of Orig~ " '. ,h"ugbt ., thi.
1'0;"' _ ~'L""ly. 'he c",<ial d'>lincti()n 1.""-eclI "'00'*
of G <.><l 3nd
u,1I of God ch~lcd I",,-i. Scc"",Uy. the rel.hon of ,li,.i"c ",ill and
lW"'~H ",;]1 in rime j, uOI j ust a Ul,,,,,,r or ",,,,,,,;o\lS"'" of either
Cod or 1fI:'l). Ori~" i, abool",,.Jy ,,,dil&-,,,,,, to ,,"ch ~ 'I"cs1ion .
T h e ' lun;';"II ;" ,he ,li.lectical rob' i",,,, which i,
u n dcrlin'~
hy lhe
nu"",,"" of 'he,"" "'"" 'nib. God h'" " ,i ,,,,,b, l nowkdgc of j,. 1>",
th i, C1ICOUII'C r. tl! Q rtollruIDrUal O<l""nu:,. c .. " "", L.o .talcd as prc_
'"'''' in God. For . .. ch a cbim 001"')'> the crucialil)" "f rime and
lhe f,dl ",.lOl) "f ~". <li"Ic,,'ie~ 1 nl"i"" 1><:'''.... '1l G"d .",1 0'''0.
In
on ,h i, '1''''>1io" Orig<ll-' ,h,,"gh, i, "",,,cII.,. ,he <)1'1>0';1<
of. "",io11 abouI a fL~e, 1 """>COl1<1crl1 plan of hi.w,y in " ,iUlOb.
I'I~lOuie '''"cr.... orkl ,, hid I"""m.:. lhe h>.<i, for ~ sopbi>l;m,,,,1 ')'[>0logical imerp",,,,,i,,,, of hi"ory. ,.. lbi. i. ~ wi,I'-"'l'rtad. ),el falb
c;ou" ~Ikg,,'ion ",,,,,,, Ori!:" I\', ~\""gh " If I... h,ld ,,,ch" concel"
he WQuld '''''.-er h",,, a"iwbl<d 'lQtion, ..",h a, ,I~,t of ,,,,,",cir.,ion
"fChri" iu 'he fu'ure po" II <h . 6, 2. If'h< <Ou"'" orbi"o,., as
wa; pre.<u, '0 (;<><1, then Chr;'t wrukl no, I>t r"Sa"kd a. "dlhing
"nd ,-"-<:,.,,..if,,,d b"c"u,", of a cr""' '' ''''' r.mng a&";J) ill'<) <lw
If hi"<)1) ;" p",.., .. t ill C bri" ,hell ,h,", ;, no "'"""" for )0'"
to h. ,"ganled ., , utkring. li e .... ould ,",he r b~ feg~'dcd ""
;0<1;11<=(1)' o~,""T'\;ng 'he CO""" of h;',ol). ,,hiclt j, [,,<<1 acco,<I
iug to " """,""c"de'" plau , Th;" i< "hat Origen '-iglH"O\l~)' n-j<"""
For "'k" "({ ,,al l~ 1 ; ~. Otl ,b " bo.,;" of <I.;" ,-,j<:<tiOl\ iJ; <1w ~
ch"~C1ec "f time .,><1 ,he cri,ica l imp<"'."~.
"'~ ~IIC"U " 'CT ,,r
d;"il\",d c...~( u "'l) " 'ill in it .
Tho 'lllo"i(')n ;. n", "" ';mpl. a, ,,, make tbe di"i ndi,,)Il 1>.1"-<,,n
wbtu i, I''''''nt ill 0<><1 or ",b,,, I"'I~>C'" MIIlUI"'rlc<I,t>lr ,,;1h ..e.pcct
to 1",,10 lotio"", alld di,-;"" ~f~. If the 'IUO';O" of ,,' b ~, ;, pre","", ;"
" "m,,,, 1'1""., "f 1h,' "i,,;l>l< firmament ,weds .... m' (n-.tm "", 1"
'ec~'" 3n an''''"T, ,h. 'IUe"i",] of ",ba, i, p"" ,,,u to God i, far
m"re diflirul,_ ,\t an)' "", " ",b ' IU<"i"", are 110 "',,'e ,".c<p,ibk
of ,impli,,;" '""wc,", u(,,,,,ili)'1
r"",.
,,,,h
,,,me
' 'IS.
"r
,~,.
p. 10 ' .
Hi-i _
353
R<ga,ding 1hi. ,d", iou from a 'nll,.m,1 poi'" of I'icw, ,hcf'< " a
.li"Ulc,iou which u" huc' Urigco'. 'hough' "ud acu,ally d"c;da,,,,,
loj, "",\c~pOO" of thi, ",1300": A'""",* 11)' God ;" implicitly r"~,,..\Fd
a. a ,..~tlur "."it~ "a,< . I, ;, char"",cri,,;c of God
l uo" "" c1') "
,hinK '1110 ".J/ of God. ho"",""r, ;mphe, " I""c<p'ion of ('.od I><ill~
in on tu" "'''0, uamdy, iu ac,i,,, dialcc,ical relation ,,'i,1l Crc;;'lIfC' .
;0.:0 tloul~ ,/ti, .Ii>lincti ou ;" hll' " Ct:lncep'u ~ 1 OllC, l'eTl,,1" "'TllC'
"ha, n" k,,,~rd. Thb ;" "' h)' On""n .x:.e. "01 exl' '''''' i, e~ l'lic;tl)'.
,\I,hough ",,,w,,'h~ [ rough. i, tod!," ,;n"" iI p"w;do., h"",an in,eticc<
"ith " port,ayal of th e <onc<p","1 di";,,c'iou 1><1".. n ,h" di,;uc
<-~'Idttr ("'Cll th< kuo,dedge of I li, wiU iu it> dioJcrtical re!;,iou
and 'he (u,i",. ,,;/1 i"elf.
",i, h
If th;' di,tine,i"" ;, ,"" ",ade, ,hen O ,igtn" <"u(~on of ,h;'
",u,' i, oou,><I 'a t..: ",..
00<1, as iJ)(k.'d ;, <utT'e n"y " . '11,.
1>".. f<,. " I""i,i,'o "PP"""']' to 10;" 'ho<lglu .'" this I",;ut i, ,10" fa"t
'hat G,~l i. l'erc<;"cd a, ,rolIY iu",,,'cd iu ,hi. di,,].x:1ical c, ...~",,"er
of lti. "ill wi,h efea, urel)' ",ill in 'u~ <. lu 'he fin.i.I a "aI )~i!, ' he bw
fur. coml''''hc'',io'' of th;, poi,,, i, ,he ronC<1,, ;on of the dm",,,1i<:
cb"",e"'r of time. " 'birb >.rise, r""" this (hi""/cf<~"''''I)' dial,.rt;
cal "'"00"1< ' .
It o1o""ld ab<> be cruph:u.id tha, i" O" i, mak ... u" sc,,"" '0
'1",ak aoon' an)' 1'.t1ern of hi"o'Y ", ha'",er. R. ~Iark,,, m""n,""" cd
,ha, "wt"< co"I,1 I", "0 C hri,ti"" pbilosol'b) of h6,o'y U\ ,h,. Pal'
!Cm_mak;ug ",n<c . Thcf~ i, no Ch,;" i.n p,," cm: ind.cd Ch";'t;"nily
i, th < "c1') nega,i,," of p""cm .- If ,h i, i, 10 1><. ~<....cd "cd. tl,"n it
caD t..: ... i<l
in Orige" thi, u"gat;"" "f p'1tt<m i, , ..tal>l"hed iD
'he stronge;t l< m " pol>il>l .
C,.,.,~ j "J }' ,h~ topic of 'he ",b';on 1><,,,,",,, rofCk,'owk,lgr "".1 [m',
,I,,,,, ha. he"" .,u " u""" " ,ling q L~~,io" of ,kha,e ~",'r si'k,," ,\,,,i'I"'1y
and tho hihli"gr~ph)" on ,hi, ;. "0"1<11<1"",. ~I)' I'i",,' i, tha, in )}nle<
'Q ,,,,,aul ,I"" di,; "e forc k"""'kdge io" tundo," k"o,,'kdgel oon>l;'
a rcotncti on to =""udy li-c"l",u ODC h'" to ,,,"l c " di."llcc
,ir~ 1 jump. ~'or 'here i, no logical I>."i, for 'he """"'/f.{l:t of d, e li",.",
'" I", ",b",fI to tlu' t;j(u,,' ,&Ij: ,\ pn.fliC1io.m of r"' " re action, , .. ,.
tainl), 0 " gto'"'''' of m1io,",Ii,) i, p,,.,ibk in ''''c,""b)" 1,uman "Ibi,...
II~)' or MW ,hi, I'rediClio" . ho ul,1 he hdd TC>\",u,iI,k (" " Ifcctiug
onc', for<tol,1 actioo, i. "'med'ing ,, hich ,;ml'l)" CiWn(~ be grouotlcd
'0
t"''''''''''
""(1., ,..
,I."
""0.
'"
Oil re.",,"
,,,,,,lm
'-""
GCT"' ''
"',.c," ,ha t
"",rie!
"l)~,,, o." , ~
.,.,
VoI""'>I) Action",
I~~
l.ondoo.
.. Cl. JK I...M, 'Tlt _ " "" hill. I.,....",. 19J:I; Ch. I' .
.. cr C'<') I,.m;, ... ,. """""",,,,1Ng< . ,od ).'~" . - . .1\0' .... I" 11,
13.? .,,..,, SJoJi";,, 1'/01, IV -01. 1 ..m. PA f"".,,,b, T.. U.lilingJT,. 11." .
W,$kin'. \100, .\t;", ~ ... 197., J!I'. $ ,)_
.. c r
W;'~."j
SorooW.
I<m.o!l<
eo... ... _.
'" cr.] .-an (""",n "lh"'" hotn.oi.. ~ "......,.,"', <!r.i .. d'aptb S. A~".
""- "",, , "1 .. 1 _ . ~~ ""-'iT. 1'1'. :Ill 30 .
.. Cf. Wo/.oe .. ~""oph. ".\!e..,.,Jo" ut ,\j;Io~ . N>4,. n. ~__ ~."e 1',,,011<1,"'.
a.,,;,41 O"""'-~.:18 1"18\ pp, 21:1-1,6,
. " A 1U<M;"" ~h>: h hl>fIp""'d ~ ~ If God', """".~;. ,;u." timt
......... ,~"". con ]" kno.,' t ruth, "'h",h d<vn>d ,., d", flv" . ...r t;... ' er
"",",,,, l"ik. G.i ... J ......... "', J."n""~. 1910, Ch. ~: ,\nf,,,, r.-;.~ , ~ n ", f,,,,
m>lilit, of omni",","""". I'd- l\t. 1%2. "'PfU",,1 Ut Ch. 3 of hi> I.."., .. -r_
... -''''''' o.Jonl, 19611: S ......."""
~"'~ ",od Im", ... bdi'r",
J-,..j 1'+0, ", . 6:l ''''''-' '. 1'1'_ J (l9 2'; 11.'>;. c ..",, d. -Ornru",o:_ .o.o,l
;"'1<"-":-.1 ~ , ,,,,". '-...J ",1'"1 d,.6< I""". w,:all l o.S~oow Wol_<wff.
',""Ill'......... in~o.I<l><'ke and" Smtdt, ,oh.. G.i ... >It Go.<. c.-. ..I K>p.odo.
\\ .. h;g.n. 191.1; l~ Stump '" 1> K""un.fill. " 1:t<nU/y". J-ull!f /'h' I \I, 18
"",tz.,..,,,,
-r
-'-:00
]go)l l, W '}9 :.Il; '''. On d ... '1"'":,,,, ..... ;1.0:0-,..,.. """ be ,h..ng< ..... ac rim,,_
It... C( AJ,P K,",o). 7 .. &J tI"" ,_ j/J. '. O,ooro. 19,9. co, I!;
G<"," .
"/;-. ... im.'" I_I,!>, II<-ruIoy and Lo.
19;~. p_ 1(}2; F.. 11<-,.., .
.11-4.. ... ~ I """'"'. 1938. ]<_ go). Il""",~, <Ma"",," if "",h 'I.......... ~
ruwln,
Pt",
1"<"'''' .... p.
'"
., iom u~h a, 111 0 alrC'd>' mcllti","cd: any moment of ' ime ;" the
',"ne
~,
C>'CT}'
;nw,.uiblc
monlC'"
of
d"",tio" i , "w!,)", b"", INe",'oh\."" s..",ondl.,.. Ib,") ....~ 1,...,,1 "" ' he
.nif",;,,1 ,Ij"inct;on \~nributo;d ", God 1><,,,," -" fotr- kn"" ledge ~l>d
' i",de,," kllowblgt: _ III Ih~ fLnAl """ I-,-,j,, ,hi, &";"",io,, "".ke. the
.... hitrar.,. "' ''''''1>1;01' of attributing time to ' he """,t,,,, God. For thi.
di"ill ct;ou can in no """y ",ake ;c,,,e "I'plied 10 G,~l hi"udf thi>
...",her " reb,;,,, con<eJ~i"" of God ... garded from a wmf>Oral
poi,,, of ,'io:w.
T he co nd,,";on i, 'hI Origel! hold. a conceptio n of ca ,,~'l il y
be"... """ ti" " . llcl tilllo lc .. ,,~' . li e ~'1'OlJ lJ(i, ,hi. LlI>Of] 'he noti"" of
hello,", ,... ",,;on.>I C""""'C' , .. well .. On 'he raCt ",," 'heir "ill
0""'''' to a dia)<C'OeaJ rcll'K>U ",i,h ' he will of (;",1. Tbi> <"""aliI)'
" o=al"',..j in time I",<au,, j , ;" ,I",.,, ,h., It...
."d c"'~ "' '''l )'
..ill ell cou " ter nch "lh<r~ hu(, ;.i,oee i, """'" fmm (hi. ,li.lcctical
"I.,io n. ,hi. ca " ... l i'~ is ~xl~u,hl 1",,10 in ,ime a nd ,in,ehuc>s.
,Ij,'i""
B)' d", ",-mU",1 Fragment 19. K"''''' hau ""' ])001;",1 in bi, M ilio"
of It;,u a G",,,. 1'''''''''8'' from .)",u,u,,,, w,Or. " hieh 'earl; .. full",,"~:
,\,,<1 if "..b . , 10.. bc<-" , u';CC,<"d 10 C~,.;" >l> U '" the ",~I I:>< ,ohj<c'o-I
'0 G",L ,b." all " 'ill I.)' ,,~ I< ~"''' bodi<~ ,,1001 I I1 oiJ, ~ th~, 11.. ", ",;n
,tu,,, he
og>i"
,,,",
f"II.-
I" a<:eonto""., ~'i,h ,hj, 1""'"!(I". J , rom,. i" 'PAl'. as<ril ... , 10 O rigco
,to;" ,,.,,'"
If all .10>11 he ,ubjt:<'ro 10 God, ,11<" >11 ~' ilJ lay ;W<l< 01";, Ix>die<:
. ",1 ')><1' ,b< ,utif< u,,;--enc of booil)-' ~w>g> ~' ilJ be <I~ ""'-cd i",<>
, .. ",..,,';'1< ' '''''' h," if "'fi'rit) .bwld (~-n l ",KI " ""'ond tin",_ i, ",,-,,,id
oom< """ """",,,,,, ag.in ;" ,he '~"'h' ~f d", IloU or raT;':",.,] l:><i"3',"
It, ' he ... me edi''''n KocUICh.u ,,,clud,,d al~, 'h e ",,,,,"11."<1 Fragmen'
,10 , wbich ;, "I('Ii" I"'''<go of J u,'iJli~ " f",," li.o" aud read. ,I"",
1)".tre(".
19i6, p.
,.. F.-.gnx-n' '9, "","",ha., ["""J .o ... ". /doDo Man .. IX_52'J\, in
.-,.1<; ( ~I ;" FP, p, aG. 0. 6.
,. J''''''"',
/>,'0<.
~,-"
lLB,
10'"""
,tw,
<.....".1
,lw.,
"'=
Ko<'",I~",
P'" in ,me more P""'W f,non the "" "'" "Tiling of JlI.tinian:
1"";",,,<1 "",.,,"". " iU) " '" "8"U' to ' h< " """ in "'hioh tIle)' M-l""~)"
thcir ...;1 .. ~I ,ho;r b<><u..... Thon again
a """ ,ld ,,.. a oItin:l '-" ,n'Jt) mure
1be) .'" <o,-do!,,-,! ill dilk.-.::",
Ioodi.. for pu"isiltn,.., .. For ;, ~ I"'~'.W. Ih>' di!h"J11 "",Id, L.",
<>;"<<1 and ,,ill <. ;,., ,,""e ;n 11.< 1_ a,~l .0'''< ;" the
tin."
fi,," ....'"
S"ch alle!l~,ion' ha'" be.II "'ade '" "-'P'"'""" O'il'''', "i,'''' ~IId
played lh"ir , ,,I,, in ' ]l<' Ana'h~ma. dccn,c<1 hj" ' he C"""cil of
C()n"antLnol .... l~ in ~~:\ . G . U""cn,'o"b, ill hi, Engli, h ,rAn"b';QII
of /'r,oc, u,,'e, ,I..., altoollgh the", Aua'),e"'", 0..1,,',,' Le ,aken
literni,,,,,,,,c,, from ,h. lit l'rWipii" ,bq' eXI"'''' 'he teaching of'hi,
'"'Of" ,Io,,~de .. for dw on',, ' I"''' in O rig<'"'' o'n "'om,'" SlI<"h ~
d.;m, h",,"~''''. ;s ,,11 t,~) r,,, ""'ay from 'h" 'n"h of lh" ",attcr.
J""i"ian ' <"Ipnlc<1 do< ere",;ou of world 'aking placc in a 'On
"fiutYdl< (i~ 5,,,J..:\~~a,,.,,, 11,;. mea"" 'hat 'hero:: _,h o"M Le ti m e_
le .. nc"" ~nd ,hen ,im lI,cn ,imele>llue". ,h . 11 ' ~u< ogaiu, and ..,
0". T h, ide" of .\Oc"".,i,, "'0<1<1, ;, ,.--I:",~ I to a n01iOt' of . ner .. ,.;"" of i,lC"'1 .... "',,lit)"c"O'1 .... re~ht)'. LnC("l .... r"alit)"-----a n<1 s<) on for .,-c r
lad 'u J ,,"i n ~"' . as "'dl "'J<T<~l1 c. ,;"".11-,- alle)[< ou ,hi, i ..ne , l~"
Origel1 hold a noti"" of 'u"ck.... c'a l"aii,y. Acror<iingi)', he "",ribe.
to hin, t he opiniou tha, God b;" " ti",d ... ",ill aor<iillg to wh;"h
"'Mw'f' a fall ,;o:e' plaN" a m:"eriaJ ",,,,,id slto"I,1 "PI'"''''
\\"h~t ",<)uld he 'k,'cd in 'h~ f""t l'L.ce ;, t l",1 010'1",,,, in hi,
",<"It. cL.,.,. O~e n imply ,,,ch a no,;on_ Wh., he call; '<X1l'o~o';a
(c",a,iou of th e ",mM)'" i; .'" and uniq"c 'em. We cau r,,,d hi.
~'e b<V,u';'tg of (,..""i"" of ,I.,. "'o<id nr;(q 'ii:i 0"00~MO'\rt;;}.'" Hi, euti", 'loeoIog)' ",fe" '0 ,he ,""odd f""" Ih:u I",gln -
""1''''''''''
I; ,~", J .... ,
IiO{), )"'"';, IX _~12F.<
'" f"<o<nJ""utufI,
, 1'1'. p. I~~, n. 7.
,to C(..,... r_n, 10, "'-"",1.<0.
", ..-."..,
XC\';
"t .
I~,
... ____. 1. PG
12 . ~'; 0,0..
1'1,
~32
n, 9;
V, ",,,1'1, 21:
,,,,,I.
10.. :
l'+<+
~8,
W,
2~,
IX_
~12 '.
~1 ;.JV<Oo,
I,
8.
Icing umil 'he e" d of thingo.'" No",hert ;" th.re ~,;", the ,jigh,""
impliea,;,," ,b a' thi, c ... ~' i o " i, ~ m:",if~s,",ion of 500'~ kin,i of
,md""'g<c"hk ",;11 vf G<><I or , ha, ,hi, i, a n "CCU IT~n<e wh"'h h""
.. ken pia ..... bdole th i, ere.I;"" or tl"" il " 'IU evcr hapl" '" ~!i"4i".
Th< p"";o,,s an",",= " n 'h~ rola,ioll "f (',,~l tn the ,,-orld ,1='0'"
"r"e that ,, hot he h.ld "-,, . h<"I)" tlilk",'" f",m ,.. h", h'" bttu
allril,u te,1 10 him 'hrough ~,e forcgoi,,& passages.
If Ihe Fall i, ,~k,-n ., "'-'t " utli'lUC CVC'". i, follo..-, "cai~h t ... rr
'hat G,~I i, .w,.,.,!(inmIHd IU a t imel~", ,,,,,,,,,lit). Thcrd'on- <r~"'.
ing ,hoLlld I." appli,,.-j ' 0 G,.I hinl1df ... something ,omp.w../y """,.n
p:.nying h" O,.-n I",iug. nUl' c",~';"" i. noo 'h e product of Gool',
0"'0 f",",lom; ibj , ;. not ,~.d" :., an ;"'{ of , 'o ~,io" . Ramer ibj, ;.
'he produCI of the 1'' '''00''' of ",nl(' ro,;';", ol I",i " g> I",fo'" th, r,,1I
al,m.d to li,'c a hf. of th<lr O"'l>_ H,u 'he Ilo,ioo of ra,io nal l><"i nS"
h<for., 'he F.lI i, 3~e " '0 Orige". fal-I)" .,";!!'lCd 10 him h)" J e"'m"
and J u"iui"l.
Hardly cuul,l a CUD"'!,' be D'or~ "'mOle 10 Origt"-' autheDl;c
"i",,~ ,h~" ,h.l. For "h., ,,'C h~\.., .."." i, tha' ""''',,,'' is ~ 1' ...... 111",
of God', f..... "ill " " d b< ,,,,,.,,~,,,, d"cisio,, ~ i, ""me i"'Q l.>cing QU'
of no".be ing """u' 101<1 Wisdom wille,1 ~",l ",,,,,'cd to o.L,hlioh ~
rdaoon to me flltllfe b<ing>.
At <lli' poi nt " .., .ho,dd f<.,,~1I 'he anal pe. about the ' ignifl"""ce
of ,he 1"''' " ..,s<. u"",i it> ooll<bu)g tll<'" ",~II",e" ..: P"" 11'''", .ugg"'" ,ha' ,h;, <:kci' ;')Il uf G",I ,,,,cu, ,,,d _,. If Ori!!,'" 1",1.1 a "otion
of ti mcl.,.. e~usali'y he woukl I""" ",id that ' he W",lom of G,~l
,,-;u. ami wan", th"t ifa fall take. I~"'-" """ n creation ,h"uld emerge.
Ill" he does 1l00ilj'>g of Ib e kj"d . On tl,, oomr~0_ he d""'I) ;<~''''
,hal (;",1 rn:"",.-j h)' Iu. 0"'" fr~~ a,~ 1 b<", ,,'OI ~,,, dttisio<' . He do<:S
""t ,ar Iha' the \\',od"m of Cnd will, Qr ".,.nt< th~ cst"i.>I l,hmctll ...f
" rela,ioll to the lill 'lre hoing>: he "')~ 'hat .1>< ,,illed a nd ""ule<l
to do ..,.
\\'h:1I ~,i, :.ou,lI) mc,,,,, is rna, Cool io 001 C ...:,(or to) "'""""".
If there " ',,. " tI )' kj"d Qf ,.." ,.... ,). or , in",lc;, C'd Ll<ali t\ h)' "'''>011 ...f
"hieh God ~ e",al< the " -,,,Id, thi, <o"ld c,,,.il ~ r<,.,"''' 'M~
/j,"-d "hltwo I><' w<en (,,,><I and tho ",-orid . Tbi. "cr,' c~ LI,,~ i ty w"uld
be 'h e pow, ," ", Ilic h ,he ],.,; "g of Gool . nd the l>cu'l! of 'he world
'" 1""-
'"
JI".
10 each other.
,hi. i. " "''''tly ,,-h", UrigclI
",ongjy r~jcc", crea,ion i; , c""tiog<TIl """Ul-CDCC a"d ,hi. too;'
u""wdi ,,,d) .,em, rro", bj, 'OOlion of ra<be~1 , ... "",.,,<I<"oe of (;",1
to t l.,. " -odd ~I\(I lh,' ,..~d jcal hi.,u, b<1\"~-" the ,Ii,-inc h..: i ,,~ ami
th e .. i"IIce of t he ..-orld . Th." G",i ,,-illod '0 c,,:"'~ ,h i. ""ri<l i,
n """I'" product of hi; frttd"o\, pn><iuct, which ".I"~
being
of nOIl.Leing. Ahhough God "'Ulaim r~dicalk lr."",.:en,kut to
'h e ,,orkl. h< e<!abli'h<"<I a cr<a,;,-e rda,io" ,,-,,11 i, ou' or h;" goo<j.
n,,,,. not Qui of an) ne"" ..il) or ,- ~ usali'y.
'l1,i., .11 th e fill . l a".l )~i.. mean, that . h)llOthcti(.Uy. Gud
h~l" lien, crcate<i the world. lie would L,,,",, either acted j rl 'UloohOCT
",'ay (cenaibly ""eoT1<e;\'abl" , or ",'"" he might "'" ha>" noted a1
0.11 io allY way. Had he 1>00 ",.ill~, he ooukl h~<I ,1<.,;er "''''rI,ed 1he
functiorl of C,...~ ' o,.. Tb<- mean;,\~ of rh " hWOlI.... ';.. ~t)d, ,,, I,,,,.
' Iucml,', ' h" mca"'''ll" ,,f ""'. of P"" ,,,'< b) Ori8"" " ,I"'t ,he ...
i. "0 ,imck .., c."", lit.,- no' e,-ell olle e".hli.h1 I'l' the ,,-ill of G,~l.
O rigtn ",fe,. '0 ,be <I"ci,;o~ of God ,,,ins "'rim de",l,. denoting
,h a, ~\is crea,ion " ~" "W'" ,'eo''''';ng f""m a ""~ d.,..;,jon of
Go.1. which is , h""riy ,,,,,,'k,. ,,, rO ''''Y "o){;o" ofc,,,,~'li').
11>< q"c.u"" ~ pr"'''''"ht) "f oom. ".x, =a,ioll i. illdwd 0'"
"f Orig<Oll', m~i" ill l<r<>t ,;nce he is .. " tirel)" p,,,ooc,,picd ,,;th ,hi.
world ,hroughout ,irut. Bu , if OTle hy ~U mea", ""b",, '0 fUl,1 ",me
:,11",;",,> ..,.],,",1 '" ,Ius '1""";00. ti,"" ~,. oo,.,.lu,;"" shou ld boo I),;"
he b<l i~,'<"" Ih., " Q OIher fall " ',11 <>eCl"_ Uc,-idc,. thi, pv,nl " ""ph.
"~l<d in th e I..ti" ",,, d,-ri "ll" ~ 'h<
0" du R""""".'''
Thu. 'he ,,1I<galio'I> h)' .I,,,,ill",,, ""cl J<r-omo ' I~" =ril>< a notio"
of , ime~' tau,.]i,,. to Onger! arc f;ilic. He he ld plU;",I), 'he 01'1'0_
,;1, of ",hal is a((ribul",I ,o him : Ih~ worhl ,,'as c .... aled 0"( a W ' ~ l u'
hcnwoi<-n' "",c;";",, "fO",I . l ie i, no< C"-~tor I~'c.u", of.n) ,~"sal
i,y comp.-lhng him to c..a",. er'" "<>,,,-,<XI """ brrall" I,e "',II~~ to
,10 "" ,-"" of hi, good",,... 'n,,, i, ,,h.,- 'h" ,L"in<lion bet"con ,he
no,i()u> of God 1Iin&!f'Jl(1 God '" (.""w.-;' '" Ii,.,l. T he ti.",d.'"JCll _
t~1 ooolicoon , ha1 'he worl,l ,,'" n~"I< ou1 of ~ fr~" l",on"Oie", "-nd
are
;"'0
"<,,
"-,,,,l<I
c.""""'1l/ry
"""I"' (I,,<:i,ion
TI"". () "'y ' I~" God i, C1"~"'Dr ill Him.df i, ~ notion, which h"
ill<
t:,o,'" ..
I4t
""
I)""
ha,,, "''''''
,,""~r
did ,h:.1.
II'h"" J,,,'in~'" 3,,<1 Jcrome auribu" 10 him th< id<a
corpo_
realit)" eIJ'CII!<" ami di>wl,,~, ;rH" uothing j",<rmineD!I)". '''~ d" '"
bee. " ", 'hey .1,0 "",ril,.. to him the u(~io ll of ~ hcginniugb, ,,orld.
The fOnu<.1" alkg'''K>1l i. actually >ul&quent 1(' the bller. Wha, 'hey
,ha,
""" .. U) impl)' is ,hal ,I,, ,," i. "" .. ,en,al " 'orki of i"dividual ~nd
p"roon.1 in""...,.,r ] wul., or mind" " "d th;" ""rid mal ex;,,( either
in , mo/loo of c"'l~)rca~t) or iuc"rpon:"~ty. In ~1Ij" C"'"', ,hi.. world
.. though' !O be ",;,hou, I><gjnoing or c",1. Whnt ch""!:,,, ;, 'h" ..w
of i.. <"Xi""n cr, nO! 'h" cxi".nee it""~' '" an ,',,,n.il fact; .",1 ,h;'
mod,' of ui"cno:c \ 'h ~l i., ,iol,,, c,,'1lQ .....1 01" i"rO'llQr<:a.I form
,lq><",I, 0" th e mor~1 .'~'u, of ,h,.... ;u"orpvre.1 rat;ou.1 mind,.
whid, ~ro: "-i, ),,,,,t hcgi"uiug or c"d. HowC'.'U, i, I",. [>C<"" alro:ad)'
",,[idly proH"
Ori~n'> n,,,h,,,,i,, ";""~ h.w" no re,""",nee ",.i,h
a fr.",. of lho~l>o.
11,, .... fo,... ill che q\(e,(;"" ,..~is<d ;" tI,, srcoon Io<,,,h"g. ,,' heli,..r
i, 'hen: "mde ....... "",1;,), J """'-er ,,-,,10 ~" ""'IU.lir.. d -no'. aflee
1"";11g oxpiainl ",-hat 1 moau : lI(C,~ i, "0 cou''"p' "ft;m<lo" ca,,,.l
ity. The cr<:~'; 'm of the woo-kl i< u,~ p,n of a rl )- ca,,,,,, i,.,, ",b",,"
of ;"",""i(""" "ppearance oe ,h,al")'''''''''''~ of bowl) """',,,. '1'10,,."
i, "'" cn:a,ion which Ma c~mc "Ho hci"l!" " ~ihik 0'" of "'" ~ rld
"niq'''' d<ci,;"n of Cod_
."cl,
,h.,
1''''''''''
0".
"'""l"
in
rnod<:m ""holM"
1\1,,,,",,0., Ill\" Stoics spoke ,i,,'pl )' of """,wo. O ng..1I d~~rl}' ,Hiocs
,h e re~,tioo of 11,;, rXle,,,iOl' )0 '1):.<"c. by ;II trodudng , I,, t"l'm "U~ '
mP'"~";wlW. which in fact ponr.)~ the !talit)" of """c."ime. The
Stoic predication of time ...' ~llpo.~O).ouf!,,~" t h~ m",'< merlt of lh<
world i. <fuca"bl. han.. it doe; O<~ depi<t the ",",tion of tilll<
to "!,,,cc "Cc u"",.l\": lhi, to,,) ,,1'0 be mi, ieailioS a, ;" de",1 i, ,,'0.'
for some p'"ple '''' the "'ic! rdativII of time to .p.cc. namel)', .,
to " '1",1)"" ti n\\' i, oldc< ," younger th.n 'I'''t:< . Thr t,,'min~
introrluce<l b)' Orig~u e~ dn<l .. the po".ihili,y of ",,,h ,Iil"nrrta> .
,\c<on:~,ogI-,'. the m.tion of tit;. cxterurion to lh" "",14 b., " diHi:rcm
"''''''''''8 Ott ""co,,,,1 of 'he diITe,","", coneepoo<, of !he world , Tim,
i, " ,,'~lit)" acromp"H),i"g the "lIt,r" " ,,rld. it i. rcl,trd not onlf' to
",h." i. ,-i.,ihi<. but .1,,,, to "'hat io lIot """ell . I"hL". alth",ugh l~"h
th e Stoic. and O rigen fU1TII)" nobte tin'" to the ..-orl<l. O rigcu. ';~'''"
;, th ~t timc .p~lic< '0 " rc"lily t ,r bJ'O<!dcr thau 11... Stok 0110 ,I",,;;
lim< exi", nOl onl), in 'he ,;'ihle world. [,'" 1Il"" in ' he other
in "hid, ...~t'''nal
]i,..,.
O ns"n aflinn, th' l .,..,,.,lh illg in the "'orld i. in rimI 1'''1 il i.o o'~\"
iD lettcr t b~t thi. nl'r" ';oll ~ppc~" h) be tlo< .,,"'" ,,icl, tbat of
c,,,."',..,,
". J.
1962, I"
"',""_
'1''''''''
27~ .
',.
'"
Ze no'.. Fvr the notio" vf to be ;" IN wood, and tI"I> '" timJ.. in
U rigtn i; far ,lin" .... ,,' from the Stoic "e~, by .... a<oTl oft!'" dille,,,'"
;,nporl applied (0 !he u:_dJ.
Like"" ", d,.. 'k~jon of..,1iooI ",1,,,.,, to ' ;llIe h~, a rlifkn-!)( ionp..""
,\J,h ough ""tu,,,) m(o';OOl (wh ich .. ,,-h., ,h.: Stoic< mcanl in ,heir
d"fwi,ioD of ';IlI< j, Dot ,,~gl""t<:d. ,hi; I'n:,tic:uion "1~,li"d to ' he
COllCcptitm of 'imr ;, mainly ""do,,,,~~l a , fi" """,.1 art;"" in all
"'""" of lir~. 1\)' tbe '''me token. whet< ... ,ime ;, oh<> rtg" ... kd a.
a "'ICimt W
foJllIW I1I/J s/I)tUWS, 'nO ;" Ong.'" 'his prcdir.,e is m~j nl)'
appli,,,j '0
,I><
If;,,{
in time.
n:gar<L, time"" " d i",,,,,,jOD. Thi. (Cm'
I!coid<>, Ori~"",
!!CC1n' (0
plac" ,hi. near 10 11o.;"",' S1a<emcm, aoo1lt rime. H()we,'et.
" "0 reb"'nc~ I" " n)" I'a(onic Or 1\<01'10101';" COIOC'1'" For ,ime ;.
nO\ ~n)' .00,1 of ",m'in" i m~g<. i, ,,-os nol a, rcS1 "'i,h lh ~ eternity
in ",al ""ing "'hon: ., lq>l 'lui~I I><fo '" ;" mo\"Od dOlm '0 Ih~ "nrkL
Time came i",,, L<ing Olll of n"D.l>ci"g "Dd it did D(>! cxi,. bo:/(,n:
(he <fea(;oll of (he ",'orld, I" the l'l.ll Onic I';""', ,i", e ;" portraycd '"
all ;mag<' exaetly b<c~ " ", il is I>c"",i'c-d a "ahb>hio~ " ~;"d of
~ bc~"'''''''' , I", " 'orid "".I UTI' lkye.,d, 0" O,c coll""'Y, '" Orig" ' ,
""( onl)' """" t 'm~ no' e,,. hb,h "",' .fro",,) bet".o" (h,' di,;ne life
and ' he "orid. I"" al", i( i. rc~. "k,1 '" "" <i<mcn' in t M'l1l> of
which the rodical clta<Tll of .,.",ncc helW""" God .nd 'he "'orl,1 is
1',"1"'1',,<1, "11", i" ",.ption of lu"e "" ili""",;"., loolh "'lTIlologicall )'
and , .... "Ii"II)) ac""'11) , te m, from i( he ing r~g~nled a, an
T he S(o;'" dOd not "'g"ro (im e a, a dim ell W" "f!if,' ",,<;a,,,,,, (I,,'),
n~linly eo" s.id,,,,d th. mttll rnJ ch~mct<r of eo.m ic "'O,iOD a"d lh~)'
,lid no' hall: an)" c-o< h" ,ologi"',1 " le,," , 0. , (he Oth Ol' h.",I, I~otin",
I""a" the S<o;C "Oti01' of t;n'e '" .Xt""",o" co" ,",np1Uou,I)" He
gr",,,,d, hi; argu"" "" on d "'lcc<ic. ""d th, l:.ck of cI:.buM>O" uf
(he S(o'c d<fUlitio ll. Ili . ol9<ct;o". (1"'''Sh ""JI)' an,., from hi. co,,
temp' fQr n~"eriali,m a nd frum 'ho fact that Ihe S'Qic> de'e ..minc
,imc unl)' in ccl.,io"
'he ,;'; I~e " ",,rri:J wori,l a,~l 'heir- defmitiou
exclu<ko an)' 1l00iob of tra",ec"dr ,,,,,,.
Orig<'" i, 'nHH""" ", ,hi, ~i"d of disp"'", si""" h. held but"
"o,i,,,,, of millfflaJi{1 of lhc ~ntire I>wkl .nd "otion of the di,;nc
IrunJ<rod",,,, Thi. is I> hy be c~" use Stoic a' "ell as l\eopia'onic
predica,ion. and yet
' 1'1'1)' to (hem a difloccn, iUlport hefitti"g
'h"'"
",,,,,,w...
'0
'0
'~ SIT.
k:!ti, l l 15
'0
"m,me..
'"
~,3:
'0
""",,;'m '0
.n
1.>0"."",
16S
" tmn;o:;wde," ,ime!.;.. f'<rwo1al C",1. ...1,0 i. I.'<'f0nd any no,;on "f
tTCO.,ion and ye' ho tOIUC' '0 n t~""" rel.,ion '0 ,hi
co,,"
ce;,...,.t '" a 1'""lue, of bi> bene,wn' will" T1U5 eausali ,y "o~-;,h"
"."d;ug, God 11i",,,,,lf i. immu,.hl ... Th,- i<k'~ (h~' "H,) P"Micubr
cau",1 r~b,i"n in~TIJI )- in'-""-e. ch~nll': ,,". mpting in ibdf. a nd
lUigb, rea(liiy be OLtggc"ed '0 an)" ..".<itr due to c,u",ing imp,.,...';\-.:
ami ;'ll1\1eut;.,1 all.l)...:, ," th e 1i1lle. Wha' J b<ti ... 'e Origell" <'1'''"
";1iOl' >ho,,'," lha, ' h" 'emp';ng idta i> fal",. 0,-, ,h " po;,lt a, I~a".
,he 1''''"ni3l """",plc ,,'as on hi. si'k.
T he .\Cril""ral rdoen". '" 'l><ginning and <ntl .lId middle "f
'i",,,,". '" weU a; ,loo ,,-Ioole ",,,,tex' at ,Il" poin' of ' hc \\"",1000 of
SoIomOb, are regardtd '" po;'llin~ to M/u",1 ' b'Mle<lge"' ". Itieh ..
n'" ,re"",1 ,,'i, h fUl)- h;,,, of eonteTllp' a' all. He i",im, Itow,-",'tl.
~'" aoual aOIl is ,I", l" ""kdge ,,-hich """.."
and mi, ii lh"
<cachitlg of Jc,,,. Ch,i,, _ ,\, "ny ""0, ,, 11 kill'[",f '",,,,'~,,Jg~ c-"n be
found in ,b, Scripture: Eec]e';""e. "out"in. ",,:mal 1""",,00\... ",,,.["
edge; ;n ' he I'M,-erl .. i, i. '''''MI 0\9,"~" oue whioh cab be foun,l.
"I...",... ,he <1<:<1""". 'he rJwlr~1 (OooJJ.,y.oo\_ 0 ... i. hi<kkn io ,he
Song of Son;;,>.' Tt", 1ir<.1 is .. 'J"'OC1;"aJ" I~"""""~'l ,eachi"g. \I",
.,,"O tt<! i, the ',ophi>ti,.. l o .... '''''oo\V I .nd dl< thi rd i, ,ll. '!h."kog"
ic~\" &oo/.o-rloo\' <",<. ' /'1:0 kind of mowhlgc i. trc"t<d "ith co,,"
'e"'p1. Af"r aJl ,Itey ",e foun<1 in th e Sorip, ure and can be
OOlo1""1o."d"d b) ",""" who ba,-,' 'd~an",'<r , he''''''I, .....: acrordi"g
to his "Ot"t~", at"il't.'ollic "ui,,,(\e on ,h< ' "'''lvn b<"wcn I'r~ri,
and K n""kdg~, Sti ll. ,he con,'ic'",,, ,h~, ' hco~'gi<:a1 kno"l<-dg<' i,
'h~ mo" "J~l im" ~Ild ,.-onhwhiie """d, 0",' ill hi, ~",iIT ,,or . Hi.
ultima'e ~o,,,,,,,,, ."d aim i, Dci,her ' he ',,-i;o:iom of !he "'orid', "or
(he \o.'ito,", of ,h~ "tI"'" of 'hB world"; i( i; the '"i .. loon of God' ,
Ofig"" ,h<,.-f"", "'" ,h"oIogi'''' who ",,"<nd,xl th < ''''p' of " .,"
ura~ a. "'~ll '" ,m",,] ko",,-I<rIg~. Oo,ce ,hi, /i,,,,Luncnllll OC" 'OS",h
,,-;,h h;" met;eul"u, ,, ~,~e of cri ,ical 'no" ;" taken in'" ~cco''''',
onc <:"uhl dioc"rTl I~. ,iocw. of both n~'ur." ~ll d mod pn>l~c,,,,.
~'or "'ey are indeed e:<plkitl)' or i"'p~(j dy eXl'ounde,1 'hrougbou'
h;, ,,";t'''g> .
.,.,.".Ii"",
,h.,
,,
W~ .
CO~CLU 'J().~
Uenee, allhoL!gh " hA, "0' be." m)' P"IJ"'''' '0 <"I"''''''ltho "hok
of U rig<n '. ,hrology, I h3,'c co". i,kn:,1 ,he . ",dy of .U 'he
of i, a, ah i'~Ii"><,,,abl" P"""I'I""i,io" for " nd",,,,,,,,ji"g crudal
1" "'1> of hj, (ho"~" For. "" I ,'ml'ha~.ed in 11... I",rod""liou, ho"
a thinker c"n,',"i,'~. of ,ime i. a<,,",II)' a ,-<lial.>lo ",anifeOlation of hi,
<",ire though,. T he CMttp' of ,ime 'L'llJ<I. ;" clo"" re!>,ion '0 ono',
<Il,ire way of J><rcci,;,,!! 'he wbole of rc~li')'. ;', Da,ur.d. pbilo,",phical
and 'h""l<>gic~1 "ru". ,\ ctrt;Un ,it-" of ,ime i> tom,,,d acrof'(ling
to ,hcm ."d i, i faclor "'hkh ' ....d,i"'ly . ffe",. 11.., form,,,io,, of
th e"" "a,,,II,,, i"l>. So ' he "",ion of ,irn.. both dtlmni,,,, and it iVl6'
11M,J hy all the ~>l>"'-' of a ccrt.in pIUlOllopb)", or thC<:llo!,'y. or ani_
,,,de '0 ~te ill gt"""II.
Tb"", are ' he fu",lru"cmal p""'pl'", i,;o,,' On "hieh I ha,'e
.ppro.d,,-d O ti!(l:"', tlwu~l" ill o"ler '0 "~pOlJ"d m)' ,ul1c<"l
t..-. '11,0 fi,-" ,hing i, to " ndo;r-..:,,'" 'h< ""'" tcrrnim.\og)' ",'hid, ""''''''
iD ",i,h OrigelL Th", i, no' all too easy, ,iuce hi. "''''' l><n<1ratillg
rdlectiom.", ,id jll':.,,<I in I,,,sing. in ,,'ork> ",h.re hi. principal p" r
1\(1'" ,,-as lh..,logical "od paslOr-a1 a' 'he ",m" tim ... ~'"r.U h;' "orl:,
"'Of'("
d'""",w... ,,"rill"U '0 'nc..-' I're,w'g l'aswraJ or d<>gJllalic
" ..d" in """nen" . na,d",d f", m ",her d"u<,>. Oril("n .ppe~rcd
",hen C bri"ia", ,,-en: challcng1 '0 !(i'"c a rc~"lIled defence (,f,beir
f..ith. aJUI n(~ j,," the ';'lll~e proclanm,ioD of ,h.i, """"g<' ><1iP"1l-"l)
",bid, ,h. 1\lJOlngi ... had <I",,., Ue ~l'1}ro1" ~,,<d phi]e",ophic-..! rone<I"i"". to tit in hi, 'h"l!ght. c'l><cially "hen he "-M add"''''''g
pagan ~"di"'l("~ . lI i, 1''''1'0'''' "a> (0 dicit an ac,i,,,, r.i,h it< C .... I
l)Uijrling on his h~ar<'" ,oo"iog b.-1i&. a nd noti"lIS.
O rle of 11.. ru3iD lJOim, TM,ie ill thi . hook i. th,,' ho li-mucd
""lOple1<"l)' " .,,' COhC~p' "f ';"", profo"'''dl) determined hj' ,he
Chri"ian ~lti ",dc (0 lif(, a"d hi,\(},). Stoic 0' 11oli " i~" I<'rms ,'all
1>< f",,,,d in hi, '~'m<ncb.,,,,,, of o<mpo,al notion. , A, hi, ~ra , how_
"''''', the q,,,,.,i,,n of time " .. , "'" i'''' " I'f<.>blcm of I'hy';co. Thi,
i> wby he tIoc. "0' IC>' COll l<lll "i,h ' he e~rly Swic ''''.'men' of i,.
I" gi'-;"g hi' own aceOWlI, th.",f""" h. had to .""h .....' ,he pri"i""
SlOk (,il",,"'. H,.. id<-<, h,' had '0 d~h'-'r~'" ,he 1\00ioo of lime from
a C h,.;"i"" I",in' of '-;e"', lit" ' he ""'><q",,,,1 tra nofom,a,i",,,, .,
weU "-, ,h~ 'tnaill olog)" which he e".h~.J,,:(l ill . peakiug of ,j",o,
an: '" m,lical, ,hat i, i, ill f.D nry diffic"ll to 'peak of i"Uuenc~
"1>0" him, Orige" ploughed hj, Own way ,o..-ardo 'he fi:l"""ti<on of
Chrisriat) "K:" of'ime, It i, m)' co1tch,si01' ."d 'he,i, ,h., I", did
accompli'" hi, "im ,
.'1""'''
0'.'-
"*"
],"'gee be "., ligh']r di,mi.;ed, aft,.,. tho dd"nco, "",a i",(\ C hapler 1.
Origcn'. an.wcr ,,, the que<,ion of time h"" a'per", . ,,hich al'<'
" .,,,,,,], ",0,",,1 ,,,,d ,it<:<>log;':"l, h, ]!rin6p] ~. "me i, '"gat<led a' a
nalu,.] n'~lil~, 4S on "]"l"cn' in ,he m"!;c,,p of ,h,' " -odd . H.
<"'1'10:.),)<<1 'h~ "ad )' S1<,U: concep'ion <.>f'i"," a. '" " """",,,,' 6ui",~~a),
bu, 'he nlOon '0 ",h;':h he ,,'ou],] be I'<'ga.-d1 n, ;ude])",,1 '0 ,b<
S'oics go<' no furtheT th~n th;u. lie ~1lirU1' 'hm ,ime ;, filII)' ~nd
" "O'I ,u..-ocall)' rta] ab'] ;' aOO a comi,,",u'n and a dim'~on of""'~]i')".
Hi< omolog)-' of lim" is appo.i,, to his entir.- liteo'} of e,,,atirn, .
Time i, a ,,,a] cn,a,ure "hi.;h <merg<' , in ,I,e ""me ,'OIlS" ,hat 1he
<min: ""tumJ ,,-orld doe . Ilu. ,,"'.uo ,hot it <Oute> fo",-an] accord_
ing '0 ,h. ItJt!>i creatl a, the 1'ro.i<ienli,;J Crtat;on. TIU, ,mnd. for
"" ",-olutionar), (OOc.IM of coming '0 OO"g, lu Ibtonic ,raditio".
w m~k, 'he Form. ~.'i"g " '",, ."", more lemp'ing for I~alo', '''cc"".... "', ~"ce 'he, !t;,d ma,lc ~<Jml' tQ 1>" ' h<Jugh .. i" tI", mi"d of
th e di"ine i",dlcct. and 1",,1 !Oke" OH'
,\ri"o,cii"" i,k. ,hat
th i' li" iog ,mdlect i> id,mica! ,"ith i" obj""'" In Origo" the logoi
are ..,,;,her tho<'8h,, IIOt ~'" ,h.-.,. 'ide"lk"l' ,,'i~ \ God.
T hai d," ~'t "hicb (;od rr.,,"c-d 'iu Ih~ loeginuing' is ,I," ~i.
<J' principle>. '''!(!le>!> Ih .. , God c",~,,-d 'he so/fa, '"'' 'he et"ire ",.si<
"f 'h, m.mic drnma which w,,< '0 ",,,k . h " pla, (1 tha, ",,,sic
rc~iI)' t:W/J when il is p/llJfd. ,,<~ ",h~" just "'ritt~n 00 p.~I"'T. Gcw.1
koo,," Ih~ ,."ti,.. 'm " ,i(' ",'hid, is to he piayeti ,,,,til ,I", ,'"d of ,he
world, _"il l he ;, ''')( the .ok author or pl.)";-T "f it . II"I"'t hal'l'<'n"
and i, '0 1"'1'1""" i.. ,he " '<J,I,I i, 'he """h of the d",lcc'ical rela >
tion he'"-,,," Go> "",I ,a,iowl] " ..a"" ... Tlm., for ,10 < "'1101, oftim.
to ex;" it i, not uccco;,3r)'
the ",hole ilio"I,1 I...c<ompli"t~,1
al On" go.
I.. <oud'i"~ 'h< 'cbti,"' of 'pace p"-'p'" to lime P'''Ik''. h< i"lro(\LICI a tcmw ..",'ID wh;',h rnr<"<1ly a, ~1 pro1i)(,,~U)' i,Jb."kI cru;"i""
autho,> of the b,u e<:nlurico. 1le o,'ai)Ii,h"d " ,'irtwllI.,- a n,i.l-'b,o" ic
.n" time don MI "",'Y. It is a co"t;Il UUlll abmt whic h the wo,ld
mo,""" i, i, a dib>en,;on of 'h" world . Sut..luently, ,ime proper i,
n'" mo"c.",,"'. T h,' C"!'1>adocians, !>a,.,i,ub,i) &.'\il. ""i,1 "bou, lin ...
" ,,'hing mor~ th,,,, Orig" " did . ila,il .imply repe ... " 'hat ,h.
A]<xalld ri ~n e"a hli.bed as ~ Ch";",i,," .icw of ,i n..o. ,\",1. ill 010<
light of my anaJ.,x> iu 'hi> booo. "uS"";"" origiuali,y r<"g<lr<iillg
hu ,h",,}' <.>f ,ime hn, 10 I>< ,ltorol(gI~)' rea""""l. For ,he,." "'eT'"
to be much b . if att)1Jti"~. s..i<l ~) Io,m, ,,'hieh 1>",1 ,,<>1 b""n aha~
"" fort h ~)' Origotl . ,\t .ny rat., di",u",;"n 1",,< h". pro,'ickd ,he
,h.
tI,",
CO""Ll"'O.~
a,,,''~r
""
""rid.
1~'iI"" co~cel~io",.
3iO
eoncopli..>n. of ti nl< r"'al1 to a kind of mMlm of ....,I!~ a, ... dl a. to
th e ,Iitl~"'nt pUll"''' th,u ,ime "" lila(tmm, had iu Uri~'Cn. U n ,h<
(IUCOt;O" of tim" at h ..". '\\I~~"'i"e b", be<n I'<"g""led. 0\0, u,u;,iri).
"s ha";u!! ,,,,,,,um l.. <I ..0 the influence of i\ "OI~al.O"ism .
]I",.i<lo., regardi ng th~ conc'1'tion of "i.w, Origen', ,,,ec.~"',,
employed hi, tem,inol"!,'j' Hr!>.ti)" bt" not h.. c()ucqnioll' all 'h<
W")". 11"". alt hollgh he <1lll ne;atc"< th.t al ... .. " Mlmal realit)",
f; rtgot) of ....."i~n'" ,,))(1Joh" of I lam"",,,, po>1uiattd aim ns the
ti.od.,. ,ij\i"" lik In " ..k c,"ur.., ' to
\;.;,,~. "h"I th."..
write,., po>tlllat1 " . "io" ".,.. in f><et th" Platonic and "'.opbtonic
)np,ion of it: a" d pot. it i. U r;g<:1I ", ho i.. ",~",ru.,.1 as iniluclIccd
be the"," 1"&"" !!Chool' of , hought.
If Origtll hokl! a notion of "temporality, th;" ;" not 1"-".",,, any
""'.'" of r. ......,k tho";,;hl did u,tI"."ce bim. Mt", .ll. tt... r. ......,k
",h,",., "hid hold th e I>otion of atcmp()r~lit r "'g"rd th. n"ri,1 .,
n"Crt;",ing. UOI fmi :u O rigc n doe . 11 , "1>hoI,b 'he uotiou of . tem_
porali,)- I>c<'au>c the"" i. a thoroughly . ign i6cabt ,..""'" for tin .. '"
<:Xi.!: thi, is 11", natu,~1 ..t.ment of c<.bt). nhieh ,...n, ~- " rn;a,,,,,,'ly
r"..."<1o.o olean;ngfill '[1,;" f"",\<)o" co"I,1 make 00 "",,,., in 11", al""l!C<
"f time. It i. througlt Iimt th~t the ""Ofkl "'ill rct",n '0 0 ....1. T h;, i,
its """'" '{'tf,. It ex;'" r,,, a ~"'f'D" ,,, he filif,Ucd and tbi. ;" "h)ti me h,,' dr.u"~tic character ao<1 " ' 0,-cm"" in thi< h.. " .. Ieo
k>gical Ihn."<uo". Thi, is " I", th. ,'","''' f,,' e"'I>io)1nS a l"ulo"!I"II
time. e'''''pri,ing mall)" ae,," >. )"et a ~nj tc time. ' Il" i<ka of reo " ....
,,'nt "0,1d> p""",kd .. ~ace to aim"", no
in <1,< ~nci"nt ",odd .
-I'he theo,)- ..... , "ot a "",ree of con.obt ;oll, hilt of.." all adrlit ional
""mCc of horror .nd the re""'lL in 1'1;';,,; 'he lIotio" of frl:rt:iODl in
ti,ue. Ihe ,h',k<tic.,1 ,...,I.ti"" "'ith a I"-1"so",,1 (lod. ~'e fUlh,o"", of
tim, ""d th" id,-. of a P" 'V""'" to bt fultilkd .11 the", n,-re oh,,-11[
fmm the P.S:l.tI c"""eIM ion, of timc . Orig~u ,,,"oi<led tho I",!"II\ hom
of Ih.: dil.:",n",. b)" "'11ling for. finite 'lICce""on of .....,.1<6. ,,-hioh
iD fact he ha,i to ,~) "" thc gmll"''' ruul p=" ppo.. itiolL' ,)f his ow"
, heoiog). O therwise. 'he crucial cha=ter of lhe ~"euu"'er of ra,io.
"i,h God " -ouid be oIno",d. Mor.1 acti,", ,...nd~" lit<",I!i<ct of it c,,"eill l cCIIWr of ""po"';!,ilit)", eOIl>id<;rillg th.: hOITur
th " soule pcopl' npcri<lIcc wholl the)" ,hiw.. of the ;"fiwtude of
ti tuc. :wd focI thcir "'", brief eX;>1mcc ,l .... rfe,i by "~ . In th"t """"
it ",igilt bt "1"8'"<1 that ID'pair "'ould ",,,r,,, helm 'ht ",om! ,ulricc,
and l,j, di,blo' of Ion,,,, no,,.xist,-oc.- 001 .,,'prisiogt) " -0,,111 ,ij,it.t.~le illt" p.,';,-" fa",h$m of a Far P.:!>lem eh",,"'ter_ 'n \;, i, illd"",1
on""o',
''''<
",,] c,...,""""
'"
CO""Ll"'O.~
ho ... an i"fini", ti nl< rob. "Clion of i" .ignifOC'l Il C<, "lid "XI"co, any
OCn,," of frectlom "",I ""rx,o,i IJili'r into inert '~"'cnc'
Thi. co",id<r.tio" ,1>0".. ,hal ,ime I"hho"gh iD p,.j"dpk " ...,
oraJ ,lem,,,' h~, also '.';00'" in<lced d ...~m~'ic, ""klf!hy,uo/ implic .
';0"". Time i. "'here ' he di\;ll c and <n"",""'l)' .., ;11 e,"cou", "ac.h
0,10" au<1
to
,lirueC1ical rc l" ,ion. C'-C 'HJ re< lean' ",.hat 'he
will of G,~I i. thwJlgh G(~r, ""'11 manire.'~tio", ill 'he ,,-OOd in 'he
\-~riO l " kairu;. Ye! ,I".y ~rc tree IQ conform 10
or no, '0 do JIO;
,10,,) a,,' f,~.., '0 01",) 0' '0 ,(jsot>c)"_ On :.ero''''' of Lhi. f" ..-doIn.
'he ,Io,,,,,ion of an "eon, of thoo< "'hieh CUm l";": 'he "n';"'I)' of
,ime. a ,,01 ",,0>10.0' or pn:dctcnnined. h i, ,,01 dc'ennined ei, Iocr
b)"
k~'i or b) aD)" M/IJbJtW!ljOb1Ii; ... b", i, ;" 'he oll!Com" of
,h;"
,,/MiM betwee" r;",1 a"d ,be ,,-orM,
Otigo'n h"c-d in ~ political and spu-i"",l en';runmcm in "lU<b he
,,"'-, &",.d "i,I, all ki nd, uf challellge<- \\,hik dc"ol<d 'Q hi, f~'''Qrru
ami e<lif,;ng carc. he "h"
to l'w\;,!e " fon"ula,,,,i '~)gm~ of
'h" new rcligiou. Thi . a, a ,im" ,,-hen
amjChru,i,n ..",i",,,,,
,,'~S on 'he t-i"". ,Ioe I{om,,,' SI"," 1",..,lk-.:l furi"", .,wcb ag~ i o"
C bru';an;ly. i",;"utl . ,;o" " ."" eoou"uous ."d p",..","u,;o" "01 r. .. ".
,,-i,l, l~,g.n phil<,."~)hc,, h"';"g mack 'h" e"", a!f1i,,, , ,he CI ..;"i.n
write" Hr}" ,harp _
!k,;t1e. ,he'" we"" .,!t1i,ionru ,~IIic ,d,ie' conceming the i>llue "f
,h" " I",ruse "OIjo" of ti",,,, Fo< , h" it"'" ,i"~ <kb.1e "b"", i, .,." ....
"",d rAging .inee A,,,iq,,ity_ WI"" i, mo"" Origcn aCl<xi in a
p.-ri",l "h." G"'ck philu>,h) ,,~, t\()\ )<1 dead oc ""','n morih,, "d
or ,,d,ola .. ic, "'-"0 thoLJgh rlifr~"'H .cho"l. "f 'ho"gh' ,,-~rc jo>'~Hg
e"ch oth<:T and eclt..,,;rum and ","C'-CM'" w"n: "nder ","}". Whicb
'Ue~'" ,hal 'h~ p".. ibilily of eroo,-f.t1; Ii>;"uoo be''''''''h p"!!ani,,,, ,,,,.I
Chrutiani,), ".,,, oo,,,,,,,,,J~ f>C<"""'It i. agai"" thi. hackgnmml ,I"" Urige,,', fea, of pio"eeri"g a
md;cally n~'" \;~.,.,. of , ime .ho"ld 1.>0, co"" i<kr~d
Hi> h.d'K.-o"nd ",;'t, profiL~bk a nd frui,fuU), hmagh' into oIoe fur
,uulal;"" of 'he COtl(el~ of li",e. Soli he ",,,de """,tom,.";",, whicb
gt"""inc illt"",,,,;,",,, "'" mC'" ~d,~"cc, 10"","" ma"" '~.
~"c ' he kernd of hi, ~c.h;""<me,,' "'.,, "0' Ih< i"i,i.l employ""''''
of d,e S'oic ""tologic.\1 """c'1"io" of ,ime , Tbe determioiug f,etor
wa, 'he d"una,ie bn:akth""'gh_ ",!,ich h~ hi",,,, lf accotll l'!i.he<i i,
waJ ' he ""n'1J"~'i"~ flew u'" in wbic h he pu, ,,~;,,;,-, g ~hil"",phicRI
''''"''1>. :\ml "o"c,Iock". it ""s the h"l';rffl u","",!"ni"" of lI\l" "c'C'
"".'T "~,, 1<nni""lugy in th . phi!""",pl'" of ti"",. hanrlbl
in
...
co""
i,.
(OS"''''''
"'_'U
"',,"<
,h.
c",,,,i,,,,,,
'l<"
a" (,ff.puuillg m.nn", but i" a "'3.j"hk .,,'ay. Thi. i, .".h)' ,h.
"'copi3'ollic <"'"'tue again" 'he Swic.
110' pu, .ny 01"" on
Ori .."", .". Ioo;,;n f"c! ironn,,'" '0
~;".j of crhic;'",. For a.hhough
<"Ch"'" of S,oici,", .n: ."dible in hi' l"<.fcn-nc," "" Ih" c.min~1
i.."e. or ' hc orllQlog-,- or tim ~ Origen part> comp"''')" ...i' h Stoici,m .
,J,,,
,\0<:,
fornlo~,ion
of a Chri>,i,n
, i~'
of time.
h i, i,eY0ll(1 Ill)' ,col''' '0 deal ... i,h Orige,,', 'onhoo:lo~}" or ' 00",
onl-todu:<y'. Reg;",hl)g hi. cO''''''I'' of lime Ibo"gh onC co,dd nolo"
thi;. A ra,h"c ,impl;"ic rok h." pr,-,.;kd amQ Ilg ..,h"Io"" 3100u, lhe
rda'~)n bc'..-een Greek anol bib~ca] d'Qugh~ the Greek i. 'UPI>o><:d
' 0 be concerned ",,;, h 'P.''''' ~nd ",,,,,,e . ... 'bile lliblical 'hough' i,
",keo to he prec><o" p;"d wi,h ,ime au,1 hi"or,., T he <ri,ie, orOrige"
" OlierocO,"" ,,'h., ')"'Y sr. a, '(";"" '~ ' ch;,racleri.IiCli of hi' ~\ Otls ) '"
0,10"". "" h" rog-.,d ,hom",1,'0< a, O}'ml'a,h izcN of OriS"n, .tri,-o t"
pl",- ,I"",,, '0 a I>oi,,, of e_,d " ,;on, if \_,,-,ihkj ...h," ,he.,. c"u";'lcr
H' 'Cree k' chame,eriotlo ~nd 1<, O'-C""""" wba, rh<)' reg>od ,.. !>ib
1;";'1' 0""'. Th e fo,."",r f(M'" , m" i, ,,,,,,,"ion "n O,<gt' .. , co .. ,ider~
,io", rouc,""cinS pIA". "I",,,,,.. <I,e I;'((er ...-,,"1 ,,, """ o,u), """'"'' ''''
"f 6"" (ill het, c,'c,l.."ing ,ime and lCm\>OJ'"~1 nOli<)n, in hi, ,,(,,b .
II'h'" ,bey .11 " egle<1 i. tha, 'he I~,.i '~", of either 'poc' 01' ti"" in ~
cu,.un oonception of re.l]i,y h'" 1\0 rw'agoni<hc charaotu .rld ,hi .
is ,.-h", b;'J!I"''''' ;'' O rig<"h,moughl. ]" <I ... f,oai ;",,,1)";'. ' p a<:<" ~",I
timc cOI", i,utc _ roali,),. Thc "~")' d"fi nilio" of ' he nolali"n of, i",<
to 'I"'c" cl". rt; _, ho"" ,10., he I",d ,h< Jf"i~ if "0' tl,C co" ""iou.
cOOl cep,i"n_ of ,hi> fac' _ A, any ca". ' he "o,ion of ')lac.,..,i",< ;. 0 '''_
'L"".liOlgl.,. prt ... ", in Iu. worb. The CO<"l""ndio ," term 'oo-<:_" "nde,1
a\o!' gsidc ,,';(1, ""~~Q.,..~"i""",. U, ;Isdf a ]!lcik"of!lcicall)' "I" reo".
1'01."",1 into , hc om i,,,,,)' ..,un'"", of thcol"S"' languaS" _ In ,hi,
m;""'~r "ni,y ,if ,!,ace "'KI 'im~ ....... c()()'ai""d i" 0'" circ 'JD"cril" ~""
and ' he COl 0m10U, influe"cc of ,hi> irl<a w." ind.,..,d ~rough' 0"'.
'nu. i, the f,et ...hic h model1l ",hol..,..
'0 tJi,rcgaJ'd, . im ply
bt-.:au>t" 'h"l' do 00' ...-an' ' 0 "'" ,ha, 'he l'o"(),\,I,",e,, ;" 0'" ""btu")"
h,,-, ,",i rel) chal'S"d . I)~'i"g ,h .. la" h,,,,,., ro )""~'" i, i, ronSlan~~
1'''''-';0 ,h"t th e "-,,rid in which we 1;". ;, .'" th. "'e""lD,,;ao on" .
D"ri,,/! doe wt dec~,b 'he ", ; ,hc"",,iC'..1 Theory ofT"",or Cale" lu.,
.",bid, ,le.] .,,;t h dillcrcut 'l'ac<>, I"" \lCS'''' to con,j,b the P"~'_
leh' of ditl"",,,, 'I"""" ot her ,h,," t loe , h,..,..,. or fo " rdime",io1L~1
one, ' in di,...,,1 n1,,", .. " ilh Co.",o~'S)". C~rrai"I). 'he <)""'-'11' o:k:~l,
.".;,10 0,10,-, 'f"'C'" i" ,h"m,d,,, . no' "'ith "n)" l><oo>ihJ., ",';)>go 'd ...'dlini
w.'"
313
CO""LI"'O .~
00..;,.".
if on" o,,.,io..ooI< ..d d", d,,OO)" or oo:h<r 'Pares. d,,,,,, ~n: ,,;gnifOOl
'':Uo. " 'hich <...uld hardl)" Ix <kn;~d.
Fi",I)". I.h< u"' '''n "f ,imo/uJ~ !hl""g), ,,,,, 'he cI"i", uniH,.,., (l hi,
,;';hlc uni,,,,,,,,) ma ke, no ,,:11>< :IDy mOrl" . ID ' he listu of' he I"hcory
of Rda, ",it)". ".' <menl> ,((cb", 'an)' 1110111<00' of ,imc i. ,be , amc
ut all I"ace, IP. G",.,."di or '"w1)' i" di"i,ibl, mOl",.", of ,I"",'ioo
i, c'"<rywhen, , "e",,,n ~ "n: no' "J id a n)' mo,,'_ For in faCl ' h"
H:da,i,;,y Theory di.cred i" ' he no,ion of prc><u' n<"". l>~u", i,
,da' e. '0 an ob .. "wr, f.Ame of refere nce ,he qu,'S' im, of ,,'hieh ,~,.
"'n' O\-.,ul> 3rc no".,. pre,",,"'..\Iodem ", ho",,,, "" ma " y
aficr
Ihe Tb,"",)' of H:e]",i,;ry. and <ldpi" i " o""",U "cnl'icatioo. do " 0<
""" '0 or, C"~ mlOl l dis","",,,,'" ,hc",-"h",, from 11,,' ;>,:,.,.!Oltian ""rid
pie'u,-.,. Uu, Ihi> 1.. r<~lM ioo of the .,.",ld i u irr<",>cahk P""" Many
"''''ctt.",r.,- d<:b.~,,"", Ipan;cubriy in Ihe philo;opb)' of ,iIlle rould
I",'-e hecn .,-oided if ... hol;", ,,-ere 1 .low iD re.I".ng 'mU Ihe
pr"n,''''' of rdleC!'lJg On crucial probleD," loa", thorougbl)' <hang1.
ThaI 'be Theo') of Rei",;,;!) i, 1101 .""il) rcada~k: or compobe,,
>ible 'W 110' make 'ho bC1 of ' hc r~d",al change 10.. real-i' only
I'rodu. ,,",'erial . wb;ch '" (~)wI<1~ alre~d)' Ix-fore being I''',,'od. If
in Pia,,,', em il ... ,,' nee."",' 10 "", ..
Id""", 00 ~ I a,h<ma,ic;
befure 'h"'" of l' loilosol'b)" Ih", ,,a. '" beeau", lb. old rn)'tlmlogi .
ral ron<'1"'OO of, he ".-o,-)d had radic~JI) d'~ng<' d . tin' ~)e ;"'1''''--<1
ido", of ' he P",,,,,,rali.c phil"",phers_ A UC" ,b>ciplin<d "I'pruach
w~, nccc.sary aJl(1 .\1a1f"",,,i.c. ""-' gO(~1 me",,,
c"n.nuiug
Vl'i,h Ihe emergi1tg uett .. itie. of .6.mif>< nt"hodology.
1 hdi",'. ,hal 0" , d~) ha, Ih<- ""rn, rh"'''r(e,i,\ia ""d oflc-c!ioD
m' mClaph)~k,, 1 I'rut,I,,,,, ha> bt-g<u\ 10 b,,,'e 1'''' ''''III;'i.., .irnil'"
Ul qu"LI)" ,,;,h ,h .... uf. d;"",,, <ra . '", ' Ite "al"h,) of ,h, rutl
cq>li<m of ' he ,,,,rkj l"lS !xu p",fouudty shaku, _~nce the C(mcq~ i oo
of rt.l~t)' m.unl)' in tcnm of J/W< ba. r... lirn lly <h"uge'l. 'ne '; rn,M.
,lahk a",1 ""~,ill al~"'::h<ns.ibl. eon<epoOt' of !he world has be<-o
.h""cfcd. Thi, i. Ihc aClu.,1 "",I .1<1' af,cr '''-c",)"f,,'c c'CtI"'''''''
SU!""xl,,,-nti)\ il i, tU, mo'" 1"-,,,iI,1c ,,, rdh'\ Ot. ,ime indq>< nd<n'ly
frum 'I"c~, h i, my ,;<'" ,hat O rig<n', I IIOU~I" , "ppro:>chod iu th.
b,~,
1'''''''
i,.
j,,,
,,' bon.
c.&-./o.
301
c.,:"", .
"."1'"
CO""Ll"'O .~
,."ional "",a'u,",. noo onl)' hLl man OOnll' . ...11;';11 ... c,o "" '<"<1 ont of
,hat unillue <,-"Cm.
n.. l'roIlkn ... wh;';h only now loegin '0 loom ,"~i c"",,n l ""hodo'
".. il! h.,.., to aM".,.. them """'W, or la""" Ong. -n h .., p",,-i,k-<l hi,
an''"'-~t> Imn y ceotllne. "go_ \\"h~tbc, ,ud, ,;" ..~ are 10 he takell 3$
OJ",,-.:n for 'h" linure. rcn'''lru 10 be "ell ill 'he ~~ of hi",,,
k;-dl ~ le and ~, ,-ic,,' of 'hc /in II!"C ",:1 ""I C(~"cnt of I""" OJ' k"o"iedl(".
T he'" ;, DO ""ed ~itber !O lIn ,lerra,e or ''''''''''!I",e 'he wmroral
or "p"Iial a'l",n. of hi< Ihou.g!n. j <'" for Ihe .. 10.. of foll""'ing mi ...
I"adi ng and. nOIl",hdc". ob""kw c,ilcna. T hi, 'hQ ugh' ha> "I ...ay>
beeu. ami still i., a hiRitl.,. cOII'",,-erna! our. In ' hi< wo .!< I 1",,-,
argoe,1 tb." a rttain rea" ", fOf 'hi' ;, tit"" O rig"n', ,,-ork I"" nO,
bttn >tu<i;",1 ", a whole. So",,, 1.~tin po"iom c!"Ca,e mtber 'hau
0<.>1,.., probh'm" a[<er 0", e'''I,'nc.' f(},. a ~realion of ,inw. h ;, ,L.coo",,-," iog 10 fi"d lha, .ume ~f Ih~ P" ''''''Ir''> .poak ~, if ,he,,- " 'as
aficr all time lx-/i"" 'hr c",a';oll, a",1 imiccd to fi nd cxpres.,iou,
a. if lim" ,,-e'" o"'l)'ing ",-er the ,li"i"e I",ing. ,\ , ",,,,.d ill lh "
I"'roo:h",';oo, I,""" ;, ,hot ,I""" gb "im \(orru impl)-;" K Ih.l 110.,,,,
" ',,. " " N1fI... ';Ole. ,\I(eT 10"'; 1>& ,kl"'" O' o<:<! '\\(gt"';H" dra"-;ng 0lJ
0 ,;8"" ",,,,,,em;n!! tl,e ror""'Pt of timc, tb,- ' Iu c"ion ,Io:.t h", .... mc
,im ... c,oNO,1 ml" ", i" d i< ..,-hnh<r 'he Augu;,inian ol>inion al~,u'
,Iilkre", Itiod . ofti",e "C",,,,,;., mal an OJ,gd;" Out i. 'he mj>gl,idcd
p,<><lun of ,10 .. b un ,.,."den"!l of 1'tW i",,;Ueol ;mo biJ; ,,'nw,!\<.
Aftcr aU ,hc,,- ;, "'ltni>e' uf poin" , I"'''' ing ,\"!(U"i,,e', " i",,, as
a c"Y't~lIi l~'iou of hi, 1'''"<Ie,........ '''' i(ka~
Oil the o,h.. ha ",1, and C"",k la"gu~. 113> c<a",cl to I." a Lloi
,,,,,,, l one long time "/;0. Too TMnl" ",od':111 ",onosmph. on Urigcu
",.", " 'ri""" k';~' "r\,,,.JI) 0\0 ""g:.ge"_",,,, "" h ill< ,'.." bulk of hi<
en-,-k k-';tin;:s-..,-h;';h ..,-,;,i ,,1(' h""o,,,, took the hcrr "k~u ]"1.""",
of this . ld.m4nh .. 10 h. cmnl~"",d _ No a"th o ri '~';,." "-,,,,,, j,,o can
",all)' he mad" of thi. thrologian, ,,-i,hou, cun."hation of this ,-oh,
IU;"''' ",,,-k.
To ",01 uJ~ from a Greek 11OU" of,,,,,,, O rige,,', , 11"'1)" of <f<~'iob
and ,ime "",,,,;IUU', ,n' "Ileri) bokI <he",). cmire!) ""i.lk'''-'' '0 ~")'
C",d och<:..>l of 'huugh' _ III o,der for a S,oi,- to gu alUllg ,,;,h tl,i,
COII<<1>t of tim", ..",,,ctbiog more Oil hi. I"" "cc,[, to be cm.ceded
which how<'-'M" i. far 1"'-,-00<1 tbr I',inci~,d Stoic doclrinc. !>I"cb the
"'n>< goeo IOr a "<-opb,oni<, . For 'h e ,hetr ra"ge ~f arg l"ne", .
khi<h I>ol,,,,r up 0,,&<'"'' \;c"-. are foU) fo,,,,<I a"ll ,,,,ile,,,,OO(i oni)'
ki,hin 'he en",,,t of hi, 'h<nlugy.
3i6
O '; geo'. >lipuiatiOl" ",n 'h ~ <>n",Io:,)gy cl ,ime, and ' ho bUll,:)' <.>f
m Joiai rdiJJ"nl""" and ,kfuti,iom of 'h" ,ul!icct. colBti"'t" " Illajor
(;II"lpt an,l a 'M"';'" lrIw<fonna,iOh io I b ~ de,"eklp",enl of tbe
Ch";" ian , ' j, '''' of ';m,, \. et ,I",,. I",,'c nO, I"",, ~ppfW ;",cd tlu"ICC'
forth , S,ill h ~ I"", I.:c" Ih< f",rcl",,,, of" \'tl")' imp<>rtmlt ""Iicipatio"
o,,, conling a tcltai" peIT'1,tion of,i ,ue proper, a, ,,'cll .. i" rcL~, i oll
to >t,"ce. 11i, rcmarL ".. = ,I",rpcr th~" an)' of t/1Q1C of I,;' " !Cc,"",,,,,,,
"",l lti' inn,,,",,,io... ha,. ,,,' ,"" been
,d.d , Sob'" of,h. OCCO,,""
"n<,,<k<l h~ I,,,, Ch';";,,,. '>T;'e'" " C" more ''''lcndt'<l. h,,, ,bc~
"ore not f"llcr. O th, ... j"'( fell ,hoo of b,j ng ,,,"'en a n""c an( ho,,,ic
..,ho of hi> ';0,..". For . Iw"ugh they utilized lIoe ,,,,,,,bubl")' initi_
"1<,1 \>y ltim. wCl" fell foul of'he enure conception e~p""sed , h'oogh
th i' term inology.
If I"'~r 'hro,;e, u.fl uenct'<l b) O ' ;g"" ""o",'d dose 10 1'1,,100;"".
", "","umh",1 t" 1\eol~a"",i.m , th i, o<eu,,,,d lxe"" .. imti>p<,,,.hk
fado!"> of O rigc n', COrl cq>1io.m wc,," al>Yll' from ,h"m , In fad ' hey
were i'''I"",,,,. I><'<I aO(O un" of bi, "i......... Rnd W<1' 1l 0nbaIJr inlrtl,i<,u<l .nu.;,) ,,;<1, Ih,,,,,i,,,, 0' NC"<''I'laIOnism al poi"', wh,.,.., O rig<'''
10", i""ino l<d " ,he,,' di,;simil,,,-;,)". For he ro"'picuousl) mO"",, ;n a
,'ein radically difT.",,,( f,,,m p"!pn philooophy.
O rigcn'. ,"""Iog)" oftime, '" a ,,"I,,~e , actu ally con,ti,utc. a ",dieal
bn:ak ,,;,h l'l.ltoni, m. Still th. faoo i, (h.t on .".,h"m" " .... in' I",,,,,1
on I"",. io A.D , 5 5 ~ , Th" to"in blame ;'g";1l>f him " ',, 1~~lOl1i ,m.
T hi, ;, a t r~gie hi, '",;e bia, , tiU accom p',n);ng him "" a mo'if i"
""Iu,!:,rh i!" "hich I",r";,,,, no.l; <"1<rr~i n, ,./'" jd<~ <.>f O';~,n; (h,~
hoill g l'latoni,,,, and N'''I'I>.,o " i,,,, in C bri"i,,,, g:rnllellL I argt'~ in
thi . book, how",,:r, tilt" , on 'h" i"He of V u,,,I"g)" of Time ami
C,...ali<", .uWJI. lite inW'"","e ,w... ho al."", I~a'o"i"" ;u OriSe" i.
," I!i<ct W seriou, " i,,,,i,m and lend, il.,df to ,,,tiulI.a! b,"'I\',,,,d (JP
,,;th hi. ",,"n 'UI>.
'11"" br c"c')'<>ne is ","",'",C <.>f (Ik' fac' ,hal Origw for 'he r."'t
ti oue produced " rc~lI.,. n"w weory of ume. A brilli,,'" accomplish_
Ttn" raITI)' <:<1,",11<:<1 and ,,"'''' exco Ue,1 by his
An ","rom
l'li,h"wm, for "hieh h,' 'W"CO ,,,,,<";,.,,d dw c.....d i, Iw dc,,",,'cd , lleu.
in tho tigh' " tl,. di"on i""" all(1 hi>., agai,,,, hi, thoughl '" a "'lout".
which letl h' the an'''Io"",,,, 0" bun , the uni,'""",1 u n'""~f"Cu<,, of
th ;, i"'pi""l ,Icc<l i. uot Wc ","o"t "' hieh 10"" haPI'<l1 e,1 this lT~gic
flS " '" of I~~d)' Ch ruti"ni'~"
'UJ",...
"ocr"""".
'0
UIUUOGR,\PHY
I.
I
-r",
~,,,,,,,
I~
.::-. CtInoo<
I" 1.,..,.&.
I'll;,"''"" ......
"I'
.cs
or
.. '" c-. ..
s. ....
M . I~_353.l.If .
!i_'
.... '" _ " ' I~."
s.!.... I:""", M.12.t8I; BGt",
";o<t,,..
)1.I~.91J .
L.,.'.
I ~.
203-1.
206,
,!;/
.
ioJ-=: ~I.IJ.3J, ElCf, 15, 20&-7.
"''' M' .. Il>d< \1 . l ~,'.lll9; HQI', 15.]>- 207 .
17-_ _ I :1:/ .. K_
3, 1'. :I'll: ~1 1~,'l"'I: )1.1 ;.'1<1; He Y. 11, p, 2'16.
~.... :po: .'1.11..'7:
U. 2(t8 17.
F_ . .. .. J'" .\t.lvon BGt", 1~. pp. ~J& - J ~_
I~ I U ~ . 'O;3: Hor. 1~, w. ~ ' 3 38(;; '6,11 '57.
f;'""", .. 1'>060" )1,];.100, flGP, 16, 15; 81
11", " ... io I"'*- 1 I~ I, 1'itr.o,.I...... _ .. " . . . S [ ",i _
"m',
sa.. .. "
,u/.
& ~
17-.,
'"
f:.,..s. .... , _ ,
~t.t7.1~1:
f,-"" .. ,.,.,_
IIGF, 16. W
18~ -22\l_
~1.I; ll'~
BGF. 16, 2l j 3:10 : - _ .. C ,',_ C ' .... I .. L., GCS~. po 0 1; ~I l l.61: r;rt<k t", GCS
p. 90; .\1.1 3.112, \U 7.:lSl, :lW. .,_ ~ G.u.euo "CanL"; IIG t', It;, ~!(i .
C,.",_ \L13.~ HOf. I&. p_ 2.S.
11....... 1 10 ..
r:cs 3, p. 1. \f.l3.2~; R'W. 11, 11.
~'-""' .. .. ........ 21 ;'.1".'
GCS 3. p. 195; ~1. I U310; IIGf, 11. 15 .
f,........... ........ JIJ ;"
~. p. 1%; .\1.1 ~ . ~I I, HGf, j 1. p. 15\.
,: .'1 ," I 11 '" ..... ..
GCS 5, p. 19'J", ,\I.IJj\ ' . IIGf, 11. 11'. l'7--1!t.
I I! ~ .. I." '" , GCS 3, p. ~,~: ~l.Il . !m, 110F 11, p. 18i.
1_ _, Gc., ~. p _ 11": .\Ll~ . 6 j ~; HGF, 11, 1'_ ~'2'
h_",;, f~ ~un~ IIGF. Ib, ~ 1 .
........ f;"'W. ~t .I!Uf>8; 8(;>', lti, l" :?W
I'hil...\Ll3 . 82~, HG~. 16,1" 3O'.l.
f,-"" " _ " " " ;" ,1/... ' . _ 1,2: E_ KIootnm.u," .00 E. 11<"" GCS l Z
19-11 , ~, . l -~ ,\I 13.8l9. )lO P It. P. 2:1(;.
( 0 " ,,, ..... _ .. M ......... t.m 10 ll: E.
OCS 10 cI ~3!i . p. I,
.\1,13.8'16,
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