ELE557/757

Lecture19
SensitivityAnalysis

D.Tannir Fall2014

ELE557/757 Lecture19

AdjointSensitivity
InCircuitdesign,itisusuallydesiredtodeterminethe
sensitivityof1variable(forexample,theoutput),w.r.t.all
circuitparameters.
Thisgivesgreatinsightintocircuitoperationandhelpsin
optimizationanddesigncentering
TheAdjointsensitivityapproachallowsforthe
computationofasinglevariablew.r.talltheparameters in
thecircuitwithminimalcomputationcost.
ItiswidelyusedinCircuitSimulationmethods

D.Tannir Fall2014

ELE557/757 Lecture19

AdjointSensitivity
Lettheoutputbeascalarvariablee.g.V4

D.Tannir Fall2014

ELE557/757 Lecture19

AdjointSensitivity
Lettheoutputbeascalarvariablee.g.V4
Thisvariablecanberepresentedbyaproductofarow
selectionvector,andthecolumnsolutionvectorX

d istheselectionvector

D.Tannir Fall2014

ELE557/757 Lecture19

AdjointSensitivity
Wewishtocalculatethesensitivityofthisoutputvariablewith
respecttoageneralcircuitparameter

differentiate
1

2
D.Tannir Fall2014

ELE557/757 Lecture19

Substitute
equation2into
equation1
5

AdjointSensitivity
=
DefinetheAdjoint
vector

D.Tannir Fall2014

ELE557/757 Lecture19

AdjointSensitivity:Algorithm
Tocomputethesensitivityofouroutputvariable
V4 w.r.t.aparameter:

D.Tannir Fall2014

ELE557/757 Lecture19

CPUCost

D.Tannir Fall2014

ELE557/757 Lecture19

Sensitivityw.r.tResistorValue
Whatis

If isaresistor:

D.Tannir Fall2014

ELE557/757 Lecture19

Sensitivityw.r.tResistorValue

ThestructureofA/ canbeusedtosimplifythesensitivity
computation:

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ELE557/757 Lecture19

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Sensitivityw.r.tResistorValue

Computingthesensitivityexpressionisreducedtoamultiplicationofscalars
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Sensitivityw.r.tResistorValue
Summary:

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Sensitivityw.r.tCapacitorValue
If isacapacitor:

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Example:Adjoint
1. CalculatetheResponse,Vout,at100frequencypoints.
Howmanysparseorderings,LUfactorizationsand
Fwd/Bwd substitutionsarerequired?

2.CalculatethesensitivityofVout w.r.t3different
parametersatthese100Frequencypoints.
Howmanyadditional Sparseorderings,LU
factorizationsandFwd/Bwd substitutionsarerequired?

D.Tannir Fall2014

ELE557/757 Lecture19

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Example:Adjoint
Determinethesensitivityofthevariablev2 w.r.t.eachcircuit
parameterusingtheAdjointsolution.
(I(t) = 2 cos(t))
2 j1 j1 V1 2
j1 1 j1 V 0

2
1
0

0.2 j 0.4 1
j
2 j1
U
1.4 j1.2
0

D.Tannir Fall2014

ELE557/757 Lecture19

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SensitivityofAbsoluteValue/phase
Writingthegeneraloutputvariable intheform

Takingthenaturallogarithmgives

Differentiatingtheoutputw.r.t.aparameter gives

D.Tannir Fall2014

ELE557/757 Lecture19

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SensitivityofAbsoluteValue/phase

TheseExpressionscanbeusedtodeterminethesensitivitiesofthe
magnitudeoftheoutputvariable,andthephaseoftheoutputvariable
oncewehavetheadjoint sensitivities.
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ELE557/757 Lecture19

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Example
Considerthefollowingnetwork.LetV2 betheoutputofthe
system,andLbethesensitivityparameterofinterest.
Determine:
Thesensitivityofthemagnitudeoftheoutput
Thesensitivityofthephaseoftheoutput

G1 G2 sC
G g
2

G2
G2
1

0 V1 J
1 V2 0
sL I L 0

V2
L
D.Tannir Fall2014

22 320
400

62j
V1
1

X V2
8 16 j
20
16 8 j
I L

V1a
8 16 j
a 1
a
6 22 j
X V2

I a 20 22 6 j

L
20
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MultiParameterSensitivity
Ordinarysensitivityprovidesinformationregardingnetwork
functionvariationduetoasingleparameterchange
Usually,theoutputdependsonmultipleparametersanditis
ofinteresttoconsiderthesensitivitywhenmultiple
parameterschangesimultaneously

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ELE557/757 Lecture19

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SensitivityApplications
Otherapplicationsofsensitivityanalysis
Sensitivityw.r.t.frequency
Sensitivityw.r.t.poles/zeros
Sensitivityw.r.t.temperature
NoiseAnalysis

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