WELD JOINT GEOMETERY

AND WELDING SYMBOLS

Terminology & Definitions

A Weld:
A union between materials caused by heat,
and or pressure
A Joint:
A configuration of members

Joint Terminology

Edge

Open & Closed Corner

Lap

Butt

Tee
Cruciform

Welded Joint Terminology

Compound

Edge

Fillet

Spot

Butt

Plug

Butt Welds

Single sided Butt Preparations

Single sided preparations are normally made on thinner
materials, or when access form both sides is restricted

Single Bevel

Single Vee

Single J

Single U

Double sided Butt Preparations

Double sided preparations are normally made on thicker
materials, or when access form both sides is unrestricted

Double Bevel

Double Vee

Double J

Double U

Weld Zone Terms

Weld zone
Face

Weld
metal

Fusion
zone

Heat
Affected
Zone

Weld
Junction

D
Root

A, B, C & D = Weld Toes

Butt Weld Features

Weld cap width

Excess
Cap height
or Weld
Reinforcement

Excess Root
Penetration

Root bead width

Fillet Welds

Fillet Weld Leg Lengths

b
a. = Vertical leg length
b. = Horizontal leg length

Fillet Weld Throat Thickness

b
a. = Design Throat Thickness
b. = Actual Throat Thickness

Deep Penetration Fillet Weld Features

a
b
a. = Design Throat Thickness
b. = Depth of Penetration

Fillet Weld Dimensions

a = Design / Theoretical
throat thickness
s = Actual throat
thickness
b = Horizontal leg length

c = Vertical leg length

a
b

e.g
Leg length = 6mm
Design Throat = 6mm x 0.7
Design Throat = 4.2mm

The leg length should be approximately equal to the

material thickness
The design throat thickness is 0.7 of the leg length

Fillet Weld Profiles

Mitre fillet

Convex fillet

Concave fillet

A concave profile is
preferred for joints
subjected to fatigue loading

Welding Positions

Welding Positions

Flat: PA / 1G:
Flat PA / 1F
Vertical upwards
PF / 3G

Horizontal vertical:
PB / 2F:

Horizontal overhead
PD / 4F

Horizontal vertical:
PC / 2G:

Overhead
PE / 4G

Vertical downwards
PG / 3G

Welding Positions

Weld: Flat
Pipe: rotated
Axis: Horizontal

PG / 5G

PF / 5G

PA / 1G

Weld: Vertical upwards

Pipe: Fixed
Axis: Horizontal

Weld: Vertical Downwards

Pipe: Fixed
Axis: Horizontal

45o

PC / 2G
Weld: Horizontal vertical
Pipe: Fixed
Axis: Vertical

H-LO 45 / 6G
Weld: Upwards
Pipe: Fixed
Axis: Inclined

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BUTT WELDS

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FULL PENETRATION

BUTT WELDS

PARTIAL PENETRATION

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FILLET WELDS

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GEOMETRICAL

CHARACHTRESTICS

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