Assignment of Fundamental Analytical

Chemistry

ACID-BASE TITRATIONS
GROUP 4TH
SALMI SEPRIANTI

(1310411054)

RIANGGA BAYU HANAFI

(1310411)

LUTFHI ALFIANDRI

(1310411)

MOUDY ANGELA VALIANT (1310411)

BILLY SAHIGA J.I

(1310411)

WHAT IS ACID-BASE TITRATION ?

A TITRATION IS A CONTROLLED ADDITION OF ONE SUBSTANCE INTO ANOTHER
SUBSTANCE.
AN ACID-BASE TITRATION IS A NEUTRALIZATION REACTION THAT IS
PERFORMED IN THE LAB IN ORDER TO DETERMINE AN UNKNOWN
CONCENTRATION OF ACID OR BASE
THE GOAL OF THE TITRATION IS USUALLY TO USE THE SUBSTANCE OF KNOWN
CONCENTRATION TO DETERMINE THE CONCENTRATION OF THE OTHER
SUBSTANCE
THE ANALYTE (TITRAND) IS THE SOLUTION WITH AN UNKNOWN MOLARITY.
THE REAGENT (TITRANT) IS THE SOLUTION WITH A KNOWN MOLARITY THAT
WILL REACT WITH THE ANALYTE.

 THE MOLES OF ACID WILL EQUAL THE MOLES OF BASE AT THE EQUIVALENCE
POINT
HE EXPERIMENTER WILL MOST OFTEN USE AN INDICATOR THAT WILL CHANGE
COLOR WHEN THE ENDPOINT OF THE TITRATION IS REACHED
CHEMICAL INDICATOR, ANY SUBSTANCE THAT GIVES A VISIBLE SIGN, USUALLY BY
A COLOUR CHANGE, OF THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF A THRESHOLD
CONCENTRATION OF A CHEMICAL SPECIES, SUCH AS AN ACID OR AN ALKALI IN A
SOLUTION.
AN EXAMPLE IS THE SUBSTANCE CALLED METHYL YELLOW, WHICH IMPARTS A
YELLOW COLOUR TO AN ALKALINE SOLUTION. IF ACID IS SLOWLY ADDED, THE
SOLUTION REMAINS YELLOW UNTIL ALL THE ALKALI HAS BEEN NEUTRALIZED,
WHEREUPON THE COLOUR SUDDENLY CHANGES TO RED.

TYPES OF ACID-BASE TITRATIONS

STRONG ACID TITRATED
WITH STRONG BASE
WHEN A STRONG ACID IS TITRATED WITH A
STRONG BASE, WE WILL EXPECT THE
EQUIVALENCE POINT TO BE AT A PH OF 7, AS
THE STRONG BASE WILL NEUTRALIZE THE
STRONG ACID.
THE ACIDIC STARTING SOLUTION WILL BE OF
A LOW PH AND, AS THE BASE IS ADDED, IT
WILL RAISE THE PH.
THE TITRATION CURVE OF THIS SYSTEM
LOOKS LIKE THE ONE SHOWN IN FIGURE 1.

WEAK ACID TITRATED WITH

STRONG BASE
IN A TITRATION OF A WEAK ACID WITH A
STRONG BASE, THE TITRATION CURVE
CHANGES SLIGHTLY, AS IS SEEN IN
FIGURE 2.
THE EQUIVALENCE POINT OF THE
TITRATION WILL NOW BE AT A PH HIGHER
THAN 7. THIS IS BECAUSE WHEN THE
WEAK ACID REACTS, ITS ANION IS A BASE

CURVE OF TITRATION
STRONG ACID TITRATED
WITH STRONG BASE

WEAK ACID TITRATED WITH

STRONG BASE

MATERIALS ARE NEEDED TO TITRATION:

BURETTE
WHITE TILE (USED TO SEE A COLOR CHANGE IN THE SOLUTION)
PIPETTE
PH INDICATOR (WHICH ONE IS USED DEPENDS ON THE REACTANTS)
ERLENMEYER OR CONICAL FLASK
TITRANT (A STANDARD SOLUTION OF KNOWN CONCENTRATION; A COMMON
ONE IS AQUEOUS SODIUM CARBONATE)
ANALYTE, OR TITRAND (THE SOLUTION OF UNKNOWN CONCENTRATION)

PROCEDURE OF TITRATION
THE BURETTE SHOULD BE RINSED WITH THE STANDARD SOLUTION, THE PIPETTE WITH THE
UNKNOWN SOLUTION, AND THE CONICAL FLASK WITH DISTILLED WATER.
A KNOWN VOLUME OF THE SOLUTION OF UNKNOWN CONCENTRATION SHOULD BE PLACED INTO
THE CONICAL FLASK USING THE PIPETTE, ALONG WITH A SMALL AMOUNT OF INDICATOR. THE
KNOWN SOLUTION SHOULD THEN BE ALLOWED OUT OF THE BURETTE INTO THE CONICAL FLASK. AT
THIS STAGE WE WANT A ROUGH ESTIMATE OF THE AMOUNT OF KNOWN SOLUTION IT TOOK TO
NEUTRALIZE THE UNKNOWN SOLUTION.
THE SOLUTION SHOULD BE LET OUT OF THE BURETTE UNTIL THE INDICATOR CHANGES COLOR,
AND THE VALUE ON THE BURETTE SHOULD BE RECORDED. THIS IS THE FIRST TITRE AND IS NOT
VERY PRECISE; IT SHOULD BE EXCLUDED FROM ANY CALCULATIONS.
AT LEAST THREE MORE TITRATIONS SHOULD BE PERFORMED, THIS TIME MORE ACCURATELY,
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ROUGHLY WHERE THE END POINT WILL OCCUR. THE INITIAL AND FINAL
READINGS ON THE BURETTE (PRIOR TO STARTING THE TITRATION AND AT THE END POINT,
RESPECTIVELY) SHOULD BE RECORDED. (SUBTRACTING THE INITIAL VOLUME FROM THE FINAL
VOLUME WILL YIELD THE AMOUNT OF TITRANT USED TO REACH THE ENDPOINT. )

PICTURE OF TITRATION

HERE'S HOW TO PERFORM THE CALCULATION TO

FIND YOUR UNKNOWN.
FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU ARE TITRATING HYDROCHLORIC ACID WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE :

HCL + NAOH NACL + H2O

YOU CAN SEE FROM THE EQUATION THERE IS A 1:1 MOLAR RATIO BETWEEN HCL AND NAOH.
IF YOU KNOW THAT TITRATING 50.00 ML OF AN HCL SOLUTION REQUIRES 25.00 ML OF 1.00 M
NAOH, YOU CAN CALCULATE THE CONCENTRATION OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID, [HCL]. BASED ON
THE MOLAR RATIO BETWEEN HCL AND NAOH YOU KNOW THAT AT THE EQUIVALENCE POINT:

MOLES HCL = MOLES NAOH

MHCL X VOLUMEHCL = MNAOH X VOLUMENAOH
MHCL

= MNAOH X VOLUMENAOH / VOLUMEHCL

MHCL

= 25.00 ML X 1.00 M / 50.00 ML

MHCL

= 0.50 M HCL

REFERENCES
BOUNDLESS. ACID-BASE TITRATIONS.
HTTPS://WWW.BOUNDLESS.COM/CHEMISTRY/TEXTBOOKS/BOUNDLESS-CHEMISTRYTEXTBOOK/AQUEOUS-REACTIONS-4/ACID-BASE-REACTIONS-47/ACID-BASETITRATIONS-243-1823/ (ACCESSED AT WEDNESDAY: 4.57 PM)

HELMENSTINE, ANNE MARIE. ACID-BASE TITRATION CALCULATION.

HTTP://CHEMISTRY.ABOUT.COM/OD/CHEMISTRYQUICKREVIEW/A/TITRATIONCALC.HT
M. (ACCESSED AT WEDNESDAY : 4.00 PM)

G, LAURA. ACID-BASE TITRATIONS.

HTTP://WWW.WYZANT.COM/RESOURCES/LESSONS/SCIENCE/CHEMISTRY/ACIDBASE-TITRATIONS. (ACCESSED AT WEDNESDAY : 4.15 PM)