s By 1 Spreads Pseudo-Noise Sequences CHAFTER® — Jpceudsnecrrum Modulation TZHVa preudo-noise (PN) sequence is generated using a feedback shift register of length im = 4. The chip rate is 10” chips per second. Find the folowing parameters (a) PN sequence length (6) Chip dacation of che PN sequence. (c) PN sequence period. Problem (a) The PN sequence length is y = 2 - (b) The chip duration is Tes (©) The period of the PN sequence is(FaReferring ‘i feedback conti 7 A) (Faire Table 7.2, develop the maximal-length codes fo the thee Setback: confg- (F.4) sous 2b 2 rte (6p Sa are pened = Se the \ = =< a (o ret property, G73) Problem 7.4 HG -—{_s +14 Hop Table 1 Stato of Feedback- Feedback sbift register Quipat symbol 100000 gymbct 4 1 110000 0 21 111000 0 3 1 111108 @ a aiiise ol 5 iit o 60 o1flii 1 1 iowiar 1 #0 o103b1 1 Si teat #90 10101 1 M1 1010100 2 1 110101 0-4 0 011010 1-4 40 001101 o~4 ($1 100110 1-4 41 110011 0-4 470 012002 ‘Je {@1 101100 4 @1 110110 0 Mt 111011 oft WO o11ter 2 21 © 101110 ibe 21 110111 o~4 ato oatoat Si tettes ifs %0 010110 3 20 «001011 o~4 21 100101 ay, Ho txoose af 309 oo1001 gy Bit) tooteu. 8, w1 inaoz0 Table 1 continued State of eedback- Feedback shift register Output symbol symbol 3B 1 111001 9 2 H 9 «o11100 134 35 0 001110 9 360 overt: gf 1 100011 mite: il 331 101000 x. 401 110100 gf M1 111010 9 $3 422 111101 9 430° o11110 1-4 #0 001111 gy 451 100111 1 40 o1o011 3 4¢ 1 101001 1 74 4¢0 010100 1 490 001010 a) $90 900101 of At 100010 1-4 S21 110001 0-4 0 011000 1 5 0 001100 9 zits th 56 9 000011 09 S#1 100001 te S@ 9 10000 + $3 0 001000 60 9 000100 9 @{ 9 oo0010 gf4 629 ooo001 a @3 1 100000 324 2 3 — 4 Ge) 4— 2/32) 5 — 4 Ged) So — 1 Ged)Froblem FF 7 2 Theo apes @S,PS,P 56 m= 6, N=2%-1=63 Som GOS ‘Table 3 ‘Table 2 continued State of teedback- State of feedback Feedliack shift register Output Feedback hid register Output symbol 100000 symbol symbol symbol nL q-1 110000 0 B-1 100010 S27? g@-9 011000 9 4-0 010001 a4 3-1 101100 9 5 2-9 001000 1-4 4-b 110110 0 3¢~0 000100 “} S-1 111011 9 3¥-0 000010 o}3 UNS! 70 001110 33-9 010050 1-4 g-1 100111 9 —4 #-1 101000 oF of fone: =Gract,) g-1 110011 1 4-1 110100 0 ~ f= 46 Ga fe-0 o11001 ity 42-4 o11010 0 4{-0 001100 1 43-9 oo1101 0. Z- 3 (ie) 2-0 000110 Oya #1 100110 1-4 37 28 1 100011 0 45~9 10011 0-4 a 1 Wes) 4-1 110001 1), %~1 io1001 1 a 4 Cred 7 f-0 oror00 rf? 6 1) 46-0 011100 0 ~1 101010 0 : AF-1 1d1110 9 93 co ototat as? Tatel & ¢ ae: 48-0 o10111 0 %~9 01010 1-4 @-1 101011 i Ax. roorr 0-4 3D. [WB oF w-1 120101 ih $2-0 o10010 1-4 =| fotek W-1 1itoio 1 53~0 001001 oa a -1 111101 0-4 5-1 oo190 1-4 3-1 1111100 1-4 ®~1 110010 0 M1 aa111 0-4 S-1 ittoor of? Wg ori 1 S-1 111100 1-4 %-1 101i. 2 %@-0 011110 0 Bi oui ily Be oeiia: of? 2.00 o11011 1 60-9 000111 21 24-1 10101 2 1-9 oooo1r 1 3-9 10110 1 2-9 o0o01 if Meo oo1o11 0-4 3-1 100000 4 %~q ooc10r 1Problem 74 ©) GA) 3) Sy = £OS,95,0= Tables ‘Table 3 contiaued ‘State of feed-back ‘Feedback shift register Qutput Feedback State of feedback Qutput symbol 10000 symbol symbol 19 010000 0 3 1 ioroa1 a 21 101000 0 4 1 iro1or 1)3 3 1 110100 o}5 ® 9 gti0i0 1 41 aii010 0 3¢ 1 191101 0-4 S 1 aa2201 0. oF 09 o1o110 1-4 #2 111110 1-4 3F 9 001011 O-, eiouuar wd 33 torr sy! fF of RUNS Fo owns 1 49 1 110010 iit 30° oo1113 #0 11001 o-4 of heugth: = Groct 192 100111 4201 io1100 yay FPO we 440 010011 #31 110110 0 4 —'6 aa) @ 2 101001 # 0 o1t011 ote 2—8 as) 9.9 010100 45 0 oo1101 the 3~4 ane 41 101010 4 0 ooo110 4 4 —Z Cya2) 4$0 010101 4@ 1 100011 9-4 See ed 469 001010 48 0 O1a001 at CA Med 430 000101 44 0 ov1000 15% @ 1 100030 1 100100 9 rans: Bt ites Bo oteose ils ann fo 9 011000 $2 9 001001 9 (2 of A 001100 53% 900100 1-4 3g 2 100110 B 9 000010 te 232 110011 gs 1 100001 9 2 1 111001 & + 110000 1~4 ag 1 221100 gp } 111000 9 2% 9 011110 se ° o11100 of , et tori 3 9 001110 9 agi 110aat go 9 900111 9 gg ttto1i @{ 9 900err 1 pin ais ffi Moi aotai0 1» Todo08 32.0 010112(FS )Figure 7.5 shows the modular multitap version of che linear feedback shift-revister shown in Figure 7.4b, -gencraced-0y-this scheme is— described in Fable 7. CBevelep the PN Sequence. ie ‘Ficome 7-4 feedback shift cepster of length = 5 @) Feedback connecsins (5,4, 2,1. eee Sialic gala)[7] the processing gain of a spread-spectrum system may be expressed as the ratio of che ‘spread bandwidth of the transmitted signal to the despread bandwidth af che received signal. Justify this statement for che DS/BPSK system. Problem 7.8 ‘The processing gain is Ty, UT. TW, ‘The spread bandwidth of the transmitted signal is proportional to VT. The despread bandwidth of the received signal is proportional to /T,, Hence, spread bandwidth of transmitted signal oesseing enin ~ ~jespread bandwidth of received signal[FAU|In a DS/BPSK system, the feedback shift register used to generate the PN sequence has length m = 19. The system is required to have an average probability of symbol error due to externally generated interfering signals that does not exceed 10~?, Calculate the following system parameters in decibels: (a) Processing gain. (b) Ansijam carpin. Problem 70 | (a) Processing gain = 10log,o(2™-1) = 10logyg(2"9-1) = 57 dB (b) Antijam margin = (Processing gaia) - sm 0 ‘The probability of errar is = 2 ecfef Ee 3 With P, = 10°, we have By/N, ‘Antijam margin = 57 - 10logj09 = 57 - 9.5 = 415 2BFrequency-Hop Spread Spectrum [Z:EZ]A siow FEV/MESK system has the following parameters: ‘Number of bits per MFSK symbol ‘Number of MESK symbols per hoy Calculate che processing gain of the system. Problem 7.12 ‘The processing gain (PC) is pq = FH bandwidth _ W, symbol rate "RY "5x4 ~= 20 Hence, expressed in decibels, PG = 10103920 26 db