DC SYSTMS

COMPONENTS OF DC
SYSTEM
BATTERY

PLANT

CHARGER/POWER

BATTERY
LOAD

(COMMUNICATION
EQUIPMENT)

COMPONENTS OF DC SYSTEM
IB

AC i/p

Battery
charger

I CH

Load

IL
I CH = I B+IL

FLOAT/ TRICKLE CHARGING

TRICKLE CHARGE/ FLOAT CHARGE

2.24 -2.28 V/CELL
TO KEEP BATTERY IN FULLY CHARGED
CONDITION
ONLY COMPENSATES, VERY LOW
DISCHARGE
ALSO CALLED CONSTANT VOLTAGE
CHARGING

DISCHARGING

AS A GENERAL RULE,NEVER
DISCHARGE BATTRIES BEYOND
Sp.GRAVITY < 1.170
VOLTAGE < 1.175 V

BOOST CHARGING/CONSTANT
CURRENT CHARGING

EQUALIZE / QUICK CHARGE (BOOST

CHARGING)
WHEN BATTERY IS DEPLY
DISCHARGED, THE CHARGER MAY BE
SWITCHED ON TO EQUALIZE MODE
AND BATTERY SHOULD BE CHARGED AT
STARTING RATE/ FINISHING RATE
TO COMPENSATE ALL CELLS
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
VOLTAGE

DIFFERENT TYPES OF BATTERIES

PLANTE

VRLA

NiCd

PLANTE BATTERY

1859-GADSTON PLANTE
DEVELOPED.NOW MAINLY USED
FOR STAND BY DUTY BATTERY
VOLTAGE 2V/CELL
24X2V=48V FOR COMMUNICATION
55X2= 110V FOR SUBSTATION

PLANTE BATTERY

AH CAPACITY=200 AH
CAPACITY IN AMPERE HOURS
WHENDISCHARGEDAT THE RATE OF
10 HOURS
20 A -10 HOURS 100% CAPACITY 200 Ah
40 A 5 HOURS 92% CAPACITY200 A -1 HOURS 65% CAPACITY

VRLA BATTERIES

LESS SPACE/Ah CAPACITY

INITIAL CHARGING IS EASY/
FACTORY CHARGED
TIME REQUIRED IS LESS TO PUT IN
SERVICE
NO TOP UP/SPECIFIC GRAVITY
READING ETC,
NO ACID FUMES AS CHARGE GOOD
ASTHETICS/COSMETICS

VRLA BATTERY

VALVE REGULATED LEAD ACID 2V BATTERY

FLOAT CHARGE
2.23V/CELL
(CONSTANT
VOLTAGE CHARGING)
BOOST CHARGE
2.3V/CELL
(CONSTANT
VOLTAGE CHARGING)
NEVER BOOST CHARGE IN CONSTANT CURRENT
MODE
THE MAXIMUM CHARGING CURRENT 0.2C10
FOR A 300 Ah BATTERY
= 0.2X300 Ah
= 60 A

VRLA BATTERY
DISADVANTAGES

NOT RELIABLE (NOT SUITABLE FOR CRITICAL

LOADS)
CELL BECOME OPEN CIRCUTED DRYING OUT OF
BATTERY
ELEVATED TEMPERATURE OPERATION SHORTEN
VRLA LIFE
REDUCE BATTERY LIFE APPROXIMATELY 50%
FOR EVERY 8 C ABOVE 25 C
LIFE PERIOD IS LESS THAN 8 TO 10 YEARS
SOPHISTICATED/PROCESSOR CONTROLLED
CHARGER REQUIRED
THE BATTERY CAN FAIL WITHOUT ANY PRIOR
NOTICE AT THE TIME OF EMERGENCY.

BATTERY CHARGERS

CONVENTIONAL CHARGERS

THYRISTOR CONTROLED

SMPS MODULE BASED

MAINTENANCE OF BATTERY AND

CHARGERS

BATTERY CHARGER

BATTERY PLANTE TYPE

BATTERY VRLA

MAINTENANCE OF BATTERY
CHECKING
STATE OF CHARGE OF BATTERY
CONDITION OF INDIVIDUAL CELL
INCREASE OR DECREASE IN
RESISTANCEIN THE SERIES CIRCUIT
CARRYING OUT REMEDIAL
MEASURES

INITIAL CHARGING OF PLANTE

BATTERY

BATTERY ROOM WELL VENTILATED,CLEAN AND

DRY,WELL LIT,DAY AND NIGHT
DIRECT SUNLIGHT ON CLLS SHOULD BE
AVOIDED
BEST WORKING ROOM TEMPERATURE
20C30C
WORKING TEMPERATURE- 20C-50C
HIGH TEMPERATURE REDUCE LIFE
LOW TEMPERATURE REDUCE THE CAPACITY
PLACE BATTERY CHARGER NEAR TO BATTERY &
LOAD IN ORDER TO AVOID CABLE DC DROP

BATTERY CHARGER

AT THE END OF CHARGING , CELL VOLTAGE

MAY RISE TO 2.75V/CELL.
For 25 CELLS
TOTAL VOLTAGE = 2.75 V X 25=70 V
CHARGER CAN SUPPLY THE FINISHING RATE
OF CURRENT AT THIS VOLTAGE
FOR YKP 17 -200 Ah
14 Amp at 70V CAPABLE
A SPARE CHARGER SHOULD BE ARRANGED

POLARITY OF CHARGER LEADS

POSITIVE LEADS OF BATTERY TO
BE CONNECTED TO POSITIVE
LEAD OF CHARGER AND NEGATIVE
LEAD OF BATTERY CONNECTED TO
NEGATIVE LEAD OF CHARGER
ACID
INITIAL CHARGING BATTERY
GRADE 1.190+_0.005 (AT 27C)

WORKING SPECIFIC GRAVITY

1.200+_0.005 AT (27C)
ALL COPPER WORK SHOULD BE
PAINTED WITH TWO COAT ACID
RESISTING ENAMEL PAINT BEFORE
THE CELLS ARE FILLED WITH ACID.
CONNECT THE CELLS AND
APPLYING PETROLEUM JELLY

FILLING OF ACID

QUANTITY OF ACID /CELL IS AVAILABLE

IN DATA SHEET
MAKE SURE ENOUGH ACID AVAILABLE +
LITRE SPARE
POUR ACID TO CELL THE MAXIMUM
LEVEL.
AFTER FILLING ALLOW CELLS,TO STAND
FOR 8-12 HOURS PERIOD( FOR
ABSORBING ACID BY PLATES)
BATTERY IS READY FOR CHARGING

FIRST CHARGE

START FIRST CHARGE NOT LESS THAN 24

HOURS AFTER FILLING THE FIRST CELL WITH
ACID.
FIRST PORTION OF CHARGE IS TO BE GIVEN
BETWEEN ANY RATE ,STARTING /FINISHING
RATE
THE FIRST CHARGING Ah IS TO BE GIVEN IN
THIS PORTION
FOR Eg: YKP 17- 940 Ah
A REST OF 1 HOUR TO 12 HOURS SHOULD BE
GIVEN

FIRST CHARGE
SECOND PORTION
SECOND PORTION OF CHARGE MUST BE GIVEN NOT
LESS THAN 30 HOURS OF FINISHING RATE TILL THE
COMPLETION OF SIGNS OF CHARGING ARE OBSERVED

SIGNS OF CHARGING
1.SPECIFIC GRAVITY- REACH A MAXIMUM VALUE AND
SHOULD BE CONSTANT FOR 3 COSECUTIVE READINGS 3
HOURS
2.VOLTAGE- WILL RISE TO MAXIMUM AND CONSTANT
FOR SAME-SPECIFIC GRAVITY- ADJUST THE SPECIFIC
GRAVITY

BATTERY SHOULD BE SUBJECTED

TO 2-3 CYCLES OF CHARGE &
DISCHARGE BEFORE PUT IN
OPERATION
1st DISCHARGE
2nd CHARGE
2nd DISCHARGE
3rd CHARGE
PUT INTO OPERATION

INITIAL CHARGING VRLA

IF DATE OF SHIPMENT AND DATE OF
INSTALLATION IS MORE THAN 6 MONTHS
FRESHNING CHARGING IS TO BE GIVEN
THE INTERCELL CONNECTION ARE TO BE
CHECKED AND TORQUED AT 11Nm-USING
INSULATED TOOLS
CONSTANT
VOLTAGE CHARGING
FLOAT VOLTAGE = 2.23 VPC AT 27 C
BOOST VOLTAGE = 2.30 VPC OF 27 C
MAXIMUM CHARGING CURRENT = 20% OF C10

CHARGER REQUIREMENTS

CONSTANT VOLTAGE CHARGING MODE

WITH CURRENT LIMITING FEATURE
FLOAT VOLTAGE : 2.23 VPC
BOOST VOLTAGE : 2.30 VPC
MAXIMUM CHARGING CURRENT TO BE
LIMITED TO 20% OF THE RATED
CAPACITY
HIGHER VOLTAGE CUT-OFF @ 2.33 VPC
UNDER VOLTAGE CUT-OFF @ 1.75 VPC

VOLTAGE REGULATION +_ 1 %
AUTO FLOAT TO BOOST CHANGE OVER FACILITY AT
a) FLOAT TO BOOST: AT 5% OF RATED Ah
CAPACITY IN AMPS
b) BOOST TO FLOAT: AT 3% OF RATED Ah
CAPACITY IN AMPS
300 Ah I> 15 FLOAT TO BOOST
TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION -3mV/ CELL C RISE
IN TEMPERATURE ABOVE 27 C
24 CELLS = 72 mV c

FRESHENING CHARGE

THE BELOW TABLE SHOWS THE FRESHENING CHARGING

INTERVALS WHEN STORED AT THE VARIOUS ELEVATED
TEMPERATURES
CHARGING

INTERVALS

AVERAGE
ABIENT
TEMP C

INTERVAL
(MONTHS)

<27
27-32
32-37
37-42
42-47

06
4.5
03
2.25
1.5

STORAGE BEYOND THESE PERIODS

WITHOUT PROPER CHARGE CAN
RESULT IN EXCESSIVE
SULPHATION OF PLATES, WHICH IS
DETRIMENTAL TO BATTERY
PERFORMANCE AND LIFE

TEST DISCHARGE

CHARGE THE CELL/BATTERY AT 2.3VPC

FOR 48 HOURS IF CHARGED AT A
CURRENT OF 20% OF THE CAPACITY,
OTHERWISE 72 HOURS AT A CURRENT
OF 10% OF THE CAPACITY,
IRRESPECTIVE OF THE STATE OF
CHARGE OF THE BATTERY.
AFTER STANDING ON OPEN CIRCUIT
FOR NOT LESS THAN 12 HOURS CAND

NOT MORE THAN 24 HOURS FROM THE

COMPLETION OF FULL CHARGE, THE
CELL/BATTERY SHALL BE DISCHARGED
THROUHG A SUITABLE VARIABLE RESISTANCE
AT A CONSTANT CURRENT OF I= 0.1XAh
CAPACITY, AT C10 AMPS.
(INCASE OF URGENCIES,THE BANK CAN BE
DISCHARGED IMMEDIATELY AFTER CHARGE
WITHOUT ANY REST PERIOD). THE DISCHARGE
SHALL BE STOPPED WHEN THE CLOSED
CIRCUIT VOLTAGE ACROSS THE CELL FALLS TO
1.75VPC

OPERATION
MODE

15C-32C

24
CELLS
FLOAT

54V

BOOST

55.2V

ABOVE 32C

CURRE
NT
LIMIT(A
MPS)

SINGLE 24 CELL SINGLE MIN.10

CELL
CELL
% MAX
20% OF
BATTER
2.25V
53.5V
2.23V
Y Ah
CAPACI
TY
2.3V
54.7V
2.28V

IDENTIFICATION OF WEAK CELL

DISCHARGE THE BATTERY BANK

WITH EQUIPMENT LOAD(NORMALLY
10% BUT NOT EXCEEDING 25% OF
THE RATED CAPACITY) FOR 15
MINUTES AND NOTE DOWN THE
INDIDUAL CELL READINGS.
CALCULATE THE AVERAGE CELL
VOLTAGE

IDENTIFICATION OF WEAK CELL

a) IF THE AVERAGE CELL VOLTAGE IS

>2.0V,THEN THE CELLS FALLING
BELOW BY 0.03V OF THE AVERAGE
CELL VOLTAGE, THAT CELL MAY BE
CONSIDERED AS WEAK.
b) IF THE AVERAGE CELL VOLTAGE
IS <2.0v, THEN THE CELLS FALLING
BELOW BY 0.10V OF THE AVERAGE
CELL VOLTAGE MAY BE COSIDERED
AS WEAK

THANK YOU