STUDY OF DESIGN

METHODOLOGY OF SAIL
VESSELS
SLt. Dushyant Kumawat
43418 - A

SCOPE
SAILING BALLAST.
SAILBOAT KEELS.
SAIL PLANS AND RIGGING.
CE AND CLR.

HELM AND LEAD.

SAILING BALLAST
USED TO GENERATE RIGHTING MOMENT.
AVOIDS EXCESS HEEL OF BOAT.

TYPES OF SAILING BALLAST

LIVE BALLAST
CREW
TRAPEZE

HIGH DENSITY BALLAST

WATER BALLAST

SAIL BOAT KEELS

FLAT BLADE THAT STICKS DOWN INTO THE
WATER FROM A SAILBOAT'S BOTTOM.
PREVENTS
LEEWAY.

LATERAL

DISPLACEMENT

PROVIDES SAILING BALLAST.

I.E.

KEEL DESIGN
Root chord
0.5 Span

Span

Mean chord

Tip chord

NACA Profile

KEEL DESIGN
IMPORTANT FACTORS
ASPECT RATIO.
LIFT COEFFICIENT.
WETTED SURFACE AREA.
ANGLE OF ATTACK.

VORTEX FORMATION

TYPES OF KEELS
FULL KEEL
COVERS ENTIRE HULL
COURSE CAN BE EASILY
MAINTAINED.
LARGE
WETTED
SURFACE AREA.

TYPES OF KEELS
FIN KEEL
SHORTER COVERS
LESS
THAN
50%
LENGTH.
LESSER WETTED
SURFACE AREA.

TYPES OF KEELS
BULB KEEL
HIGH BALLAST.

USED FOR SHOALS

EASY TO RELEASE IF
STUCK.
KEEL
HULL
ATTACHMENT AREA.

TYPES OF KEELS
WING KEEL
HIGH BALLAST.
BETTER STABILITY.
LOW
TIP
VORTEX
TURBULANCE.

TYPES OF KEELS
CANTING KEEL
USED
WITH
STATIONARY FINS.
ROTATED WINDWARD
TO CREATE BETTER
RIGHTING MOMENT.

SAIL PLANS
COMBINATIONS OF SAILS FOR A SAIL VESSEL.
THREE CONFIGURATIONS
LIGHT AIR SAIL PLAN.
WORKING SAIL PLAN.
STORM SAIL PLAN.

SAIL PLANS
BALANCE OF SAIL FORCES AND DRAG ON
UNDERWATER KEEL.
BROACHING EXCESSIVE TURNING OF BOAT
TO WINDWARD SIDE.

BALLAST AND SAIL FORCE INTERACTION

TYPES OF SAIL RIGS

SCHOONER

KETCH

CUTTER

YAWL

SLOOP

CATBOAT

RIG DIMENSIONS

RIG DIMENSIONS
I = FORETRIANGLE HEIGHT. THIS IS THE
DISTANCE UP FROM THE SHEAR LINE
(GUNWALE) TO THE TOP OF THE HOIST FOR THE
HIGHEST HEADSAIL.
J = FORETRIANGLE BASE. THIS THE DISTANCE
FROM THE FRONT OF THE MAST TO THE POINT
WHERE THE HEADSTAY INTERSECTS THE SHEAR.

RIG DIMENSIONS
P = MAINSAIL HOIST. THIS IS THE DISTANCE
BEWEEN THE BLACK BANDS ON THE MAST.
E = MAINSAIL FOOT. THIS IS THE DISTANCE
BEWEEN THE BLACK BANDS ON THE BOOM.

LP = LUFF PERPENDICULAR. PERPENDICULAR

FROM THE LUFF OF A SAIL RUNNING THROUGH
THE CLEW.

SAIL SIZE
RATED PERCENT SIZE OF A SAIL.
MAINSAIL AREA

(1/2 E * P)
HEADSAIL AREA IS
(1/2 LUFF * LP)

SAIL AREA DISPLACEMENT RATIO

INDICATOR OF HOW MUCH SAIL AREA A BOAT HAS

RELATIVE TO IT'S DISPLACEMENT.
POWER TO WEIGHT MEASURE.
VALUE VARIES FROM 15 TO 22.

MAIN/FORETRIANGLE RATIO

100 %
HIGHER VALUE - MAIN IS LARGER IN PROPORTION TO
THE STANDARD SAIL AREA.
RELATIVE EASE OF SAIL HANDLING FOR SIMILAR SIZED
BOATS

CLR AND CE
CENTER OF LATERAL RESISTANCE - CENTER OF
PRESSURE OF THE HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES
ON THE HULL OF A BOAT.
CENTRE OF EFFORT - POINT OF ORIGIN OF NET
AERODYNAMIC FORCE ON SAILS.

CLR AND CE

CLR

CE OF A SAIL

HELM
HELM ANGLE OF TILLER OR WHEEL WHEN
UNDERWAY.
WEATHER HELM TOWARDS WINDWARD.
LEE HELM TOWARDS LEEWARD.

LEAD
GOVERNS HELM IN SAIL VESSELS.
DISTANCE BETWEEN THE CE AND CLR AT
WATER LINE.
CE AND CLR SHIFT IN A VESSEL UNDERWAY.

HELM AND LEAD

REFERENCES
Brewer, Ted - Understanding Boat Design 4th
Ed, International Marine.
Larsson, Lars and Rolf Eliasson - Principles of
Yacht Design, McGraw Hill.
Ted Brewer - Yacht Design (website).

THANK YOU