Lesson 1 | Classifying Matter

Student Labs and Activities

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Content Vocabulary

Lesson Outline

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MiniLab

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Content Practice A

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Content Practice B

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School to Home

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Key Concept Builders

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Enrichment

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Challenge

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Launch Lab

Foundations of Chemistry

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Launch Lab

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LESSON 1: 15 minutes

How do you classify matter?

An object made of paper bound together might be classified as a book. Pointed metal objects
might be classified as nails or needles. How can you classify an item based on its description?

Procedure
1. Read and complete a lab safety form.
2. Place the objects on a table. Discuss
how you might separate the objects
into groups with these characteristics:
a. Every object is the same and has
only one part.
b. Every object is the same but is made
of more than one part.

c. Individual objects are different.

Some have one part, and others
have more than one part.

3. Identify the objects that meet the

requirements for group a, and record
them in the Data and Observations
section below. Repeat with groups b
and c. Any object can be in more than
one group.

Data and Observations

1. Does any object from the bag belong in all three of the groups (a, b, and c)? Explain.

2. What objects in your classroom would fit into group b?

3.

Key Concept What descriptions would you use to classify items around you?

Foundations of Chemistry

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Think About This

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Content Vocabulary

LESSON 1

Classifying Matter
Directions: Write the correct term in the boxes to the right of each clue. Then unscramble the letters in the shaded
boxes to spell a tenth term.

atom

compound

dissolve

element

heterogeneous mixture

homogeneous mixture

matter

mixture

substance

unique

1. has mass and takes up space

2. unlike anything else
3. oxygen or hydrogen, for example
4. Its composition is always the same.

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5. Substances are evenly mixed in this.

6. building block of matter

7. Substances are not evenly mixed in
this.

8. water or carbon dioxide, for example

9. to form a solution by mixing evenly

10. When unscrambled, the letters in the shaded boxes spell

which is matter that can vary in composition.

Foundations of Chemistry

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Lesson Outline

LESSON 1

Classifying Matter
A. Understanding Matter
1.

is anything that has mass and takes

up

2. A(n)

is a small particle that is a building block of matter.

B. Atoms
1. A(n)

is at the center of the atom.

a. The nucleus is made up of

, which have a(n)

charge, and

, which have

no charge.

b.

have a(n)
move quickly around the nucleus.

charge and

2. Not all atoms have the same numbers of protons,

, and

electrons.

C. Substances
1. A(n)

is matter with a composition that is always the same.

, which contains only one

type of atom.

a. Each type of atom contains a different number of

in

its nucleus.

b. The number of protons in an atom is called the

of

the atom.

c. Most elements consist of

atoms, but the atoms of

some elements exist in

3. A(n)

is a type of substance containing atoms of two or

more different elements chemically bonded together.

a. A chemical

is the combination of symbols and

that represents a compound.

b. The symbols in a chemical formula show the different

in the compound.

c. The number of each type of atom in a chemical formula is given by

a(n)

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Foundations of Chemistry

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2. One type of substance is a(n)

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Lesson Outline continued

d. If no subscript is written, only

atom of the element is

in the chemical formula.

4. The properties of a(n)

are different from the properties

of the elements it contains.

D. Mixtures
1. A(n)

is matter that can vary in composition.

a. The components of a mixture are

blended together,

so they can be separated by

means.

b. The amounts of different components of a mixture can

from one sample to another.

2. In a(n)

mixture, the individual substances are not

evenly mixed.

3. In a(n)

mixture, the individual substances are evenly

mixed.

a. Another name for a homogeneous mixture is a(n)

b. In a solution, one or more

.
are dissolved in the

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, which is the substance that is present in the largest

amount.

c. When something

, it forms a solution by mixing

evenly.

E. Compounds v. Solutions
1. Chemical formulas can be used to describe
not

2. The components of a compound are

components of a solution are

Foundations of Chemistry

combined, but the

combined.

3. The composition of a(n)

of a(n)

but

can vary, but the composition

does not vary.

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MiniLab

Class

LESSON 1: 20 minutes

How can you model an atom?

How can you model an atom out of its three basic parts?

Procedure
1. Read and complete a lab safety form.
2. Twist the ends of a piece of florist
wire together to form a ring. Attach
two wires across the ring to form an X.

3. Use double-sided tape to join the

large pom-poms (protons and
neutrons), forming a nucleus. Hang

the nucleus from the center of the

X with fishing line.

4. Use fishing line to suspend each small

pom-pom (electron) from the ring so
they surround the nucleus.

5. Suspend your model as instructed by

your teacher.

Analyze and Conclude

1. Infer Based on your model, what can you infer about the relative sizes of protons,
neutrons, and electrons?

3.

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Key Concept Compare your atom with those of other groups. How do they differ?

Foundations of Chemistry

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2. Model Why is it difficult to model the location of electrons?

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Content Practice A

LESSON 1

Classifying Matter
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term is
used only once.

1. anything that has mass and takes up space

A. atom

2. a small particle that is a building block of matter

B. compound

3. matter with a composition that is always the

C. element

same

4. a substance that consists of just one type of atom

D. dissolve
E. heterogeneous
mixture

5. a substance that contains atoms of two or more

elements chemically bonded together

F. homogeneous
mixture

6. matter that can vary in composition

G. matter

7. mixture in which the individual substances are

H. mixture

not evenly mixed

I. substance

8. mixture in which the individual substances are

evenly mixed

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9. to form a solution by mixing evenly

Foundations of Chemistry

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Content Practice B

LESSON 1

Classifying Matter
Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement in the space provided.

Question

Answer

1. What particles make up atoms?

2. Describe the electrical charges of

the particles in atoms.

3. What are the two main

classifications of matter?

4. How do the two main

classifications of matter differ?

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5. How are atoms related to

elements?

6. How are elements related to

compounds?

7. What can you learn about a

compound from its chemical
formula?
8. Compare a heterogeneous
mixture and a homogeneous
mixture.
9. Compare a solvent and a solute.

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Foundations of Chemistry

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School to Home

Class

LESSON 1

Classifying Matter
Directions: Use your textbook to complete each activity.

1. Fill in the table to compare and contrast different types of matter. For each type of matter,
write a definition and provide at least one specific example.

Type of Matter

Definition

Example

element

compound

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heterogeneous
mixture

homogeneous
mixture

2. In the space below, make a diagram that shows the general structure of an atom. Draw
and label the nucleus, protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Foundations of Chemistry

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Key Concept Builder

LESSON 1

Classifying Matter
Key Concept What is a substance?
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each term is
used only once.

atoms

combination

composition

elements

matter

substances

compounds

A substance is one of the two main kinds of (1.)

(2.)

of a substance is always the same. This means that a given

substance is always made up of (3.)

same (4.)
(5.)
(6.)

. The

in the
. Aluminum, oxygen, water, and sugar are examples of

. There are two main kinds of substances

and (7.)

Caption:
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Foundations of Chemistry

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Directions: Draw an atom and label its parts in the space provided. Then write a caption explaining how atoms
are related to substances.

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Key Concept Builder

LESSON 1

Classifying Matter
Key Concept How do atoms of different elements differ?
Directions: On the line before each statement, write the letter of the correct answer.

1. An element consists of just one type of

A. atom.
B. mixture.
C. compound.
2. Each type of atom contains a different number of protons in its
A. neutron.
B. electron.
C. nucleus.

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3. The number of protons in an atom determines an elements

A. composition.
B. atomic number.
C. chemical formula.
4. The atoms of most elements exist
A. as individual atoms.
B. in pairs.
C. in groups.
Directions: Write the correct term from the word bank on the line next to what it is identifying.

atomic number
Aluminum

5.

13

6.

Al

7.

Foundations of Chemistry

name

symbol

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Key Concept Builder

LESSON 1

Classifying Matter
Key Concept How do mixtures differ from substances?
Directions: On the line before each statement, write S if the statement describes a substance, HE if the statement
describes a heterogeneous mixture, or HO if the statement describes a homogeneous mixture. Some statements may
have more than one correct answer.

1. is also known as a solution

2. can vary in composition
3. is chemically bonded together
4. does not vary in composition
5. is made of a solvent and solutes
6. is unevenly mixed

Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.

8. What is a substance?

9. What is a mixture?

10. Can substances and mixtures be separated by physical means? Explain.

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Foundations of Chemistry

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7. is evenly mixed

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Key Concept Builder

LESSON 1

Classifying Matter
Key Concept How can you classify matter?
Directions: Complete the chart with the correct terms or phrases on the lines provided.

Matter
anything that (1.)
most made of (2.)
two classifications of matter: (3.)

and

(4.)

Substances
Composition (5.)

vary.

two types of substances: (6.)

and (7.)

Elements
made of only one type of (8.)
organized on the (9.)
can be identified by its (10.)
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Compounds
made of atoms of two or more different (11.)
that are (12.)
can be identified by its chemical (13.)

Mixtures
Composition (14.)
two types of mixtures: (15.)

vary.
and (16.)

Heterogeneous mixture
two or more (17.)

mixed substances

Homogeneous mixture
two or more (18.)

Foundations of Chemistry

mixed substances

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Enrichment

LESSON 1

The Birth of an Element

What happens when you take two small
pieces of clay and smash them together?
The single piece that results is as big as the
two smaller pieces. This is similar to what
scientists do to synthesize a new element.
Synthesis is the combination of two or
more things to form something new.
In 1994, after ten years of work, a group
of researchers collided nickel and lead
atoms. The two elements fused, and a new,
much heavier synthetic element, number
110, was created. Although element 110
lasted only 0.001 seconds before breaking
down, its discovery helped provide a better
understanding of superheavy elements and
how they can be synthesized.

Adding to the Periodic Table

Gone in the Blink of an Eye

Element 116 was in existence for only
0.0012 seconds, and element 118 was
around for only 0.0002 seconds. Element
118 formed when scientists bombarded
lead with a million trillion krypton ions
for more than ten days. Three atoms of
element 118 came out of this experiment.
The atoms quickly broke down into
elements 116, 114, and other elements.
Because of this experiment, scientists
think they can make element 119 by
colliding bismuth and krypton. They
hypothesize that element 119 would break
down into elements 117, 115, and 113. The
periodic table of the elements contains
117 chemical elements whose discoveries
have been confirmed. Ninety-four are found
naturally on Earth, and the rest are synthetic
elements that have been produced in
particle accelerators.

Applying Critical-Thinking Skills

Directions: Respond to each statement.

1. Recognize Cause and Effect Use a periodic table of the elements to explain how colliding
lead and nickel atoms could produce an element assigned the atomic number of 110.

2. Interpret Data Name two solid, metal elements that scientists might use to synthesize
an element with an atomic number of 129.

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Between 1994 and 1999, Russian,

German, and American scientists synthesized
many other new elements, including
elements 111, 112, 114, 116, and 118.
These elements were synthesized using a
device called a particle accelerator. It
accelerates atomic particles to a high speed.
When particles traveling close to the speed
of light collide, they form a new element.
Because these elements break down
within such a short period of time, scientists

have not been able to study their properties.

Element 114 lasted between 20 and
30 seconds. That is much longer than the
life span of elements 109 through 112,
so it was the first of the recently synthesized
elements that was considered to be
somewhat stable.

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Challenge

LESSON 1

Measuring Matter
Matter is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space. How do you know if
something has mass? How much mass does it have? Does it take up space? How much space
does it occupy? Mass, length, width, height, and volume are measurements that can be
applied to matter.

Choose Units and Tools and Measure Objects

Matter as small as a molecule can be measured in terms of metersnanometers 10-9

or picometers 10-12 . Practice measuring matter that is bigger than a molecule. Select a
measurement, an SI unit of measurement, and an appropriate measuring instrument to
measure each of the objects (matter) listed in the table below. In the last column, explain
your reason for choosing a unit of measurement and the instrument to measure it with.
Use the words below to help fill out the table.
grams

height

millimeter

metric ruler

balance scale

volume

mass

kilogram

meter

centimeter

graduated cylinder

meterstick

width

digital scale (in kg)

milliliter

length

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Measuring Matter
Object

What You are

SI Unit of
Measuring Measurement

Measuring
Instrument

Actual
Reason for
Measurement Your Choices

science book
desk
backpack
with books
door
pencil
mound of salt
thickness of a
writing tablet
concrete slab
in a section
of sidewalk
small container
of water

Foundations of Chemistry

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